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Journal articles on the topic "Medical ethics Australia"
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Doran, Evan, Jennifer Fleming, Christopher Jordens, Cameron L. Stewart, Julie Letts, and Ian H. Kerridge. "Managing ethical issues in patient care and the need for clinical ethics support." Australian Health Review 39, no. 1 (2015): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14034.
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Objective To investigate the range, frequency and management of ethical issues encountered by clinicians working in hospitals in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted of a convenience sample of 104 medical, nursing and allied health professionals in two NSW hospitals. Results Some respondents did not provide data for some questions, therefore the denominator is less than 105 for some items. Sixty-two (62/104; 60%) respondents reported occasionally to often having ethical concerns. Forty-six (46/105; 44%) reported often to occasionally having legal concerns. The three most common responses to concerns were: talking to colleagues (96/105; 91%); raising the issue in a group forum (68/105; 65%); and consulting a relevant guideline (64/105; 61%). Most respondents were highly (65/99; 66%) or moderately (33/99; 33%) satisfied with the ethical environment of the hospital. Twenty-two (22/98; 22%) were highly satisfied with the ethical environment of their department and 74 (74/98; 76%) were moderately satisfied. Most (72/105; 69%) respondents indicated that additional support in dealing with ethical issues would be helpful. Conclusion Clinicians reported frequently experiencing ethical and legal uncertainty and concern. They usually managed this by talking with colleagues. Although this approach was considered adequate, and the ethics of their hospital was reported to be satisfactory, most respondents indicated that additional assistance with ethical and legal concerns would be helpful. Clinical ethics support should be a priority of public hospitals in NSW and elsewhere in Australia. What is known about the topic? Clinicians working in hospitals in the US, Canada and UK have access to ethics expertise to help them manage ethical issues that arise in patient care. How Australian clinicians currently manage the ethical issues they face has not been investigated. What does this paper add? This paper describes the types of ethical issues faced by Australian clinicians, how they manage these issues and whether they think ethics support would be helpful. What are the implications for practitioners? Clinicians frequently encounter ethically and legally difficult decisions and want additional ethics support. Helping clinicians to provide ethically sound patient care should be a priority of public hospitals in NSW and elsewhere in Australia.
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Wheatland, Fiona Tito. "Medical Indemnity Reform in Australia: “First Do No Harm”." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 33, no. 3 (2005): 429–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2005.tb00510.x.
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Medical indemnity is not usually the stuff of high political and social drama in Australia. When the biggest medical defense organization went into voluntary liquidation in 2002, this all changed. Newspapers carried stories on an almost daily basis about the actual or possible negative impact of the “crisis” on doctors, hospitals, and communities. Doctors became increasingly vocal in their criticisms and expansive in their claims. Their political organization, the Australian Medical Association, lobbied powerfully and successfully for government intervention to address the problem of dramatically escalating premiums for some doctors. This, combined with a broader public relations campaign about public liability insurance, resulted in significant changes in the law at both the federal and state level - not just in the area of medical negligence but in relation to most personal injury litigation.The genesis of and reasons for current medical indemnity problems in Australia have been the subject of much speculation and little rigorous analysis.
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Waldby, Catherine, Tereza Hendl, Ian Kerridge, Wendy Lipworth, Tamra Lysaght, Megan Munsie, and Cameron Stewart. "The direct-to-consumer market for stem cell-based interventions in Australia: exploring the experiences of patients." Regenerative Medicine 15, no. 1 (January 2020): 1238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme-2019-0089.
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The prevalence of businesses selling autologous stem cell-based interventions to patients in Australia has raised serious concerns about how weaknesses in regulation have enabled the emergence of an industry that engages in aggressive marketing of unproven treatments to patients. Little is known about how patients experience this marketing and their subsequent interactions with practitioners. This paper reports results from 15 semistructured interviews with patients and carers, and also draws upon discussion conducted with patients, carers and family members (22 participants) in a workshop setting. We explore how Australian patients and carers understand and experience these interventions, and how their presumptions about the ethics of medical practice, and the regulatory environment in Australia have conditioned their preparedness to undergo unproven treatments.
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Forster, Melanie. "Ethical position of medical practitioners who refuse to treat unvaccinated children." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 8 (June 27, 2019): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105379.
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Recent reports in Australia have suggested that some medical practitioners are refusing to treat children who have not been vaccinated, a practice that has been observed in the USA and parts of Europe for some years. This behaviour, if it is indeed occurring in Australia, has not been supported by the Australian Medical Association, although there is broad support for medical practitioners in general having the right to conscientious objection. This paper examines the ethical underpinnings of conscientious objection and whether the right to conscientious objection can be applied to the refusal to treat unvaccinated children. The implications of such a decision will also be discussed, to assess whether refusal to treat unvaccinated children is ethically justifiable. The best interests of both existing and new patients are crucially important in a doctor’s practice, and the tension between these two groups of patients are contemplated in the arguments below. It is argued that on balance, the refusal to treat unvaccinated children constitutes unjustified discrimination.
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Harrison, Kristie H., KS Kylie Lee, Timothy Dobbins, Scott Wilson, Noel Hayman, Rowena Ivers, Paul S. Haber, et al. "Supporting Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services to deliver alcohol care: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e030909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030909.
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IntroductionIndigenous peoples who have experienced colonisation or oppression can have a higher prevalence of alcohol-related harms. In Australia, Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHSs) offer culturally accessible care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) peoples. However there are many competing health, socioeconomic and cultural client needs.Methods and analysisA randomised cluster wait-control trial will test the effectiveness of a model of tailored and collaborative support for ACCHSs in increasing use of alcohol screening (with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C)) and of treatment provision (brief intervention, counselling or relapse prevention medicines).SettingTwenty-two ACCHSs across Australia.RandomisationServices will be stratified by remoteness, then randomised into two groups. Half receive support soon after the trial starts (intervention or ‘early support’); half receive support 2 years later (wait-control or ‘late support’).The supportCore support elements will be tailored to local needs and include: support to nominate two staff as champions for increasing alcohol care; a national training workshop and bimonthly teleconferences for service champions to share knowledge; onsite training, and bimonthly feedback on routinely collected data on screening and treatment provision.Outcomes and analysisPrimary outcome is use of screening using AUDIT-C as routinely recorded on practice software. Secondary outcomes are recording of brief intervention, counselling, relapse prevention medicines; and blood pressure, gamma glutamyltransferase and HbA1c. Multi-level logistic regression will be used to test the effectiveness of support.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from eight ethics committees: the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of New South Wales (1217/16); Central Australian Human Research Ethics Committee (CA-17-2842); Northern Territory Department of Health and Menzies School of Health Research (2017-2737); Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service (17/QCQ/9); Far North Queensland (17/QCH/45-1143); Aboriginal Health Research Ethics Committee, South Australia (04-16-694); St Vincent’s Hospital (Melbourne) Human Research Ethics Committee (LRR 036/17); and Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee (779).Trial registration numberACTRN12618001892202; Pre-results.
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Canaway, Rachel, Khic-Houy Prang, Marie Bismark, David Dunt, and Margaret Kelaher. "Public disclosure of hospital clinicians' performance data: insights from medical directors." Australian Health Review 44, no. 2 (2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah18128.
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Objective This study gathered information from public hospital chief medical officers to better understand underlying mechanisms through which public reporting affects institutional behavioural change and decision making towards quality improvement. Methods This qualitative study used thematic analysis of 17 semistructured, in-depth interviews among a peak group of medical directors representing 26 health services in Victoria, Australia. Results The medical directors indicated a high level of in-principle support for public reporting of identifiable, individual clinician-level data. However, they also described varying conceptual understanding of what public reporting of performance data is. Overall, they considered public reporting of individual clinicians’ performance data a means to improve health care quality, increase transparency and inform consumer healthcare decision making. Most identified caveats that would need to be met before such data should be publicly released, in particular the need to resolve issues around data quality and timeliness, context and interpretation and ethics. Acknowledgement of the public’s right to access individual clinician-level data was at odds with some medical directors’ belief that such reporting may diminish trust between clinicians and their employers, thus eroding rather than motivating quality improvement. Conclusions Public reporting of identifiable individual healthcare clinicians’ performance data is an issue that merits robust research and debate given the effects such reporting may have on doctors and on hospital quality and safety. What is known about the topic? The public reporting of individual clinician-level data is a mechanism used in some countries, but not in Australia, for increasing health care transparency and quality. Clinician-level public reporting of doctors’ performance attracts contention and debate in Australia. What does this paper add? This paper informs debate around the public reporting of individual clinician-level performance data. Among a discrete cohort of senior hospital administrators in Victoria, Australia, there was strong in-principle support for such public reporting as a means to improve hospital quality and safety. What are the implications for practitioners? Before public reporting of individual clinician performance data could occur in Australia, resolution of issues would be required relating to legality and ethics, data context and interpretation, data quality and timeliness.
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Barth, Dylan D., Marianne J. Mullane, Claudia Sampson, Coco Chou, Janessa Pickering, Mark P. Nicol, Mark R. Davies, Jonathan Carapetis, and Asha C. Bowen. "Missing Piece Study protocol: prospective surveillance to determine the epidemiology of group A streptococcal pharyngitis and impetigo in remote Western Australia." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e057296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057296.
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IntroductionGroup A β-haemolytic Streptococcus (GAS), a Gram-positive bacterium, causes skin, mucosal and systemic infections. Repeated GAS infections can lead to autoimmune diseases acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia have the highest rates of ARF and RHD in the world. Despite this, the contemporaneous prevalence and incidence of GAS pharyngitis and impetigo in remote Australia remains unknown. To address this, we have designed a prospective surveillance study of GAS pharyngitis and impetigo to collect coincident contemporary evidence to inform and enhance primary prevention strategies for ARF.Methods and analysisThe Missing Piece Study aims to document the epidemiology of GAS pharyngitis and impetigo through collection of clinical, serological, microbiological and bacterial genomic data among remote-living Australian children. The study comprises two components: (1) screening of all children at school for GAS pharyngitis and impetigo up to three times a year and (2) weekly active surveillance visits to detect new cases of pharyngitis and impetigo. Environmental swabbing in remote schools will be included, to inform environmental health interventions. In addition, the application of new diagnostic technologies, microbiome analysis and bacterial genomic evaluations will enhance primary prevention strategies, having direct bearing on clinical care, vaccine development and surveillance for vaccine clinical trials.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee (Ref: 892) and Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Western Australia (Ref: RA/4/20/5101). Study findings will be shared with community members, teachers and children at participating schools, together with academic and medical services. Sharing findings in an appropriate manner is important and will be done in a suitable way which includes plain language summaries and presentations. Finally, findings and updates will also be disseminated to collaborators, researchers and health planners through peer-reviewed journal publications.
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Marshall, Helen S., Prabha H. Andraweera, James Ward, John Kaldor, Ross Andrews, Kristine Macartney, Peter Richmond, et al. "An Observational Study to Assess the Effectiveness of 4CMenB against Meningococcal Disease and Carriage and Gonorrhea in Adolescents in the Northern Territory, Australia—Study Protocol." Vaccines 10, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020309.
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Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide with serogroup B being the predominant serogroup in Australia and other countries for the past few decades. The licensed 4CMenB vaccine is effective in preventing meningococcal B disease. Emerging evidence suggests that although 4CMenB impact on carriage is limited, it may be effective against gonorrhoea due to genetic similarities between Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This study protocol describes an observational study that will assess the effect of the 4CMenB vaccine against meningococcal carriage, IMD and gonorrhoea among adolescents in the Northern Territory (NT). All 14–19-year-olds residing in the NT with no contraindication for 4CMenB vaccine will be eligible to participate in this cohort study. Following consent, two doses of 4CMenB vaccine will be administered two months apart. An oropharyngeal swab will be collected at baseline and 12 months to detect pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis by PCR. The main methodological approaches to assess the effect of 4CMenB involve a nested case control analysis and screening method to assess vaccine effectiveness and an Interrupted Time Series regression analysis to assess vaccine impact. Research ethics approvals have been obtained from Menzies and Central Australian Human Research Ethics Committees and the Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee. Results will be provided in culturally appropriate formats for NT remote and regional communities and published in international peer reviewed journals. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04398849.
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Boyle, Malcolm J., M. ClinEpi, Erin C. Smith, and Frank L. Archer. "Trauma Incidents Attended by Emergency Medical Services in Victoria, Australia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 1 (February 2008): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00005501.
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AbstractIntroduction:International literature describing the profile of trauma patients attended by a statewide emergency medical services (EMS) system is lacking. Most literature is limited to descriptions of trauma responses for a single emergency medical service, or to patients transported to a specific Level-1 trauma hospital. There is no Victorian or Australian literature describing the type of trauma patients transported by a state emergency medical service.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to define a profile of all trauma incidents attended by statewide EMS.Methods:A retrospective cohort study of all patient care records (PCR) for trauma responses attended by Victorian Ambulance Services for 2002 was conducted. Criteria for trauma categories were defined previously, and data were extracted from the PCRs and entered into a secure data repository for descriptive analysis to determine the trauma profile. Ethics committee approval was obtained.Results:There were 53,039 trauma incidents attended by emergency ambulances during the 12-month period. Of these, 1,566 patients were in physiological distress, 11,086 had a significant pattern of injury, and a further 8,931 had an identifiable mechanism of injury. The profile includes minor trauma (n = 9,342), standing falls (n = 20,511), no patient transported (n = 3,687), and deceased patients (n = 459).Conclusions:This is a unique analysis of prehospital trauma. It provides a baseline dataset that may be utilized in future studies of prehospital trauma care. Additionally, this dataset identifies a ten-fold difference in major trauma between the prehospital and the hospital assessments.
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Sinclair, Justin, Susanne Armour, Jones Asafo Akowuah, Andrew Proudfoot, and Mike Armour. "“Should I Inhale?”—Perceptions, Barriers, and Drivers for Medicinal Cannabis Use amongst Australian Women with Primary Dysmenorrhoea: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031536.
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Objective: This study sought to investigate the perceptions, barriers, and drivers associated with medicinal cannabis use among Australian women with primary dysmenorrhea. A qualitative study via virtual focus groups involving 26 women experiencing regular, moderate, or greater menstrual pain explored categories including cost, associated stigma, current drug driving laws, community and workplace ethics, and geographical isolation within the context of patient access under current Australian laws and regulations. Results: A qualitative descriptive analysis identified that dissatisfaction with current management strategies such as over-the-counter analgesic usage was the key driver for wanting to use medicinal cannabis. A number of significant barriers to use were identified including patient access to medical prescribers, medical practitioner bias, current drug driving laws, geographic location, and cost. Community and cultural factors such as the history of cannabis as an illicit drug and the resulting stigma, even when prescribed by a medical doctor, still existed and was of concern to our participants. Conclusion: Whilst medicinal cannabis is legal in all states and territories within Australia, several barriers to access exist that require government regulatory attention to assist in increasing patient adoption, including possible subsidisation of cost. The high cost of legal, medicinal cannabis was a key factor in women’s choice to use illicit cannabis. Overall, the concerns raised by our participants are consistent with the broader findings of a recent Australian Senate inquiry report into barriers to patient access to medicinal cannabis in Australia, suggesting many of the issues are systematic rather than disease-specific. Given the interest in use of medicinal cannabis amongst women with primary dysmenorrhea, clinical trials in this area are urgently needed.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical ethics Australia"
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Jotterand, Fabrice 1967. "Does virtue ethics contribute to medical ethics? : an examination of Stanley Hauerwas' ethics of virtue and its relevance to medical ethics." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33292.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the concept of virtue ethics in Stanley Hauerwas's understanding of virtue and delineate how that contributes to his ethical reasoning and his comprehension of medical ethics. The first chapter focuses on the shift that occurred in moral theory under the stance of the Enlightenment that eroded the traditional idea of morality as the formation of the self, allowing space for new concepts that dismissed the importance of the agent in the ethical task of seeking the good. In the second chapter, the three main ideas (character, vision, and narrative) that make up Hauerwas' ethical theory are examined with a particular attention to the importance of agency in moral life. The third chapter describes how Hauerwas' medical ethics, informed by his moral theory based on character, vision, and narrative, is relevant to medical ethics. Hauerwas argues that because medicine is a form of human activity with internal goods and standards of excellence intrinsic to its practice, it requires taking into account the notion of agency in the healing relationship. Finally, in the last chapter the specific religious discourse of Hauerwas' ethics is discussed in relation to secular medical ethics. In other words, this thesis raises the question of whether the reduction of medical ethics to a set of principles, as it is mostly the case today, represents a suitable picture of the reality of moral life in medicine.
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McNamara, Laurence James. "Just health care for aged Australians : a Roman Catholic perspective /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1682.pdf.
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Williams, J. Gary. "Supervised autonomy : medical specialties and structured conflict in an Australian General Hospital /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw7242.pdf.
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Loff, Beatrice. "Health and human rights : case studies in the potential contribution of a human rights framework to the analysis of health questions." Monash University, Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5291.
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Leipoldt, Erik A. "Good life in the balance: A cross-national study of Dutch and Australian disability perspectives on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/116.
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This is a cross-national qualitative study with the purpose of obtaining perspectives held by people with quadriplegia and leading figures in disability movements in the Netherlands and Australia on the issues of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (EPAS). A disability voice is not prominent in public debate on EPAS in Australia or the Netherlands, even though people with disabilities are often thought to be vulnerable in relation to EPAS policies. Disability perspectives are potentially valuable in illuminating issues in relation to euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, because issues of dependence, independence, and individual autonomy play important roles in relation to both EPAS and to living with disability. The study's methodology uses a phenomenological approach and incorporates aspects of heuristics and grounded theory. Its conceptual framework incorporates MacIntyre's (1999) theory of acknowledged dependency and vulnerability; Habermas' (1989) theory of knowledge; and Festinger's (1959) theory of cognitive dissonance. The main sample of twenty people with quadriplegia (the grassroots sample) was interviewed in the Netherlands and in Australia.
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Braunack-Mayer, Annette Joy. "General practitioners doing ethics : an empirical perspective on bioethical methods / Annette Braunack-Mayer." 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19348.
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Bibliography: p. 379-394.xi, 394 p. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Public Health, 1988
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McNamara, Laurence James. "Just health care for aged Australians : a Roman Catholic perspective / Laurence James McNamara." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19142.
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Bibliography: p. 493-562.iv, 562 p. ; 30 cm.
Provides a philosophical and theological analysis of health care for aged persons, exploring the ways in which Roman Catholic moral theory might contribute to the development of just health care for aged Australians.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Public Health, 1998?
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Bricher, Gillian. ""If you want to know about it just ask" exploring disabled young people's experiences of health and healthcare." 2001. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/25027.
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In today's climate of consumer consultation in the development of client sensitive hospital and community based services, some voices have remained silent. Among this group are disabled children and young people, who receive professional care in a climate of 'in their best interest', firmly based on notions of abnormality and the inherent tragedy of disability. New paradigm childhood research and the social model of disability provide the theoretical framework for this qualitative study into the health and health care experiences of disabled children and young people. Both approaches demand a flexible and participatory approach in order to challenge the traditional relations of research production. Twenty young people aged 9-18 years met with the researcher up to four times, with a choice after the initial meeting of individual or group meetings. All had a physical disability, some also had communication or learning difficulties. Conversations with the young people covered a range of topics. The obvious ones related to hospitals, appointments, splints and therapy. About what it is like having a carer. Commonly held assumptions that hospitalisation is a significant feature of disabled childhoods is challenged by the data, appointments however reflect an ongoing surveillance. The young people spoke of experiences of empowerment and of powerlessness within a triad of parent:professional:young person. Concern that many treatments are an experiment and that outcomes are hard to balance with the pain and inconvenience of surgery or therapeutic devices raises questions regarding professional versus young person's definitions of success. It also demands debate regarding how much remedial intervention is enough. This is a difficult issue in a medical and social climate that idealises normality, but normality is not often an option. Health care constitutes only a narrow perspective of health and made up only a part of the discussion. It is the day to day health experiences that are more prominent in the lives of participants than intermittent professional services. The young people showed a recognition of factors that contributed to their health and sense of well being. Commonly the talk was about living in a world that considers them as different and the effect that has on them. These young people are making links between racism and their own disability experience, however they have no contact with disabled adults, some with no other disabled young people and no understanding of disability history or politics. This lack became even more evident when the participants talked about who understands what their life is like, of role models, realistic aspirations and dreams for quiet moments. School issues raised concerns such as equity in access, being different, having to prove oneself, limited school sport involvement and issues of friendship and teasing. One very powerful finding is that just like anyone else they are all different but that stereotypes of disability limit the lives of disabled young people and influence the responses of other people to them. This demanded from the researcher an interaction with the different experiences and responses to experiences of participants or risk creating another, albeit different stereotype.thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2001.
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Gibson, Robin Margaret. "Bridging the gap between rhetoric and reality: can the law enforce quality patient-centred care in Australia?" Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131461.
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This thesis investigates a perceived gap between the medical
profession’s rhetoric that the welfare of the patient is the
medical practitioner’s first priority, and the reality of
patient experience. The Medical Board of Australia’s Good
Medical Practice: A Code of Conduct for Doctors in Australia
mandates the duty of medical practitioners to make the care of
their patients their first priority. This code also confirms
that good medical practice is patient-centred.
Patient-centred care should therefore be central to patient
experience. However, despite promotion of this goal by medical
professional authorities, patient-centred care is not always
being achieved as well as it might in practice. This thesis is
an attempt to understand the reasons why this divergence between
rhetoric and practice is occurring, paying particular attention
to the role of the law as a potential and actual promoter of, and
barrier to, practices which are recognised components of
patient-centred care, and consequently of good medical practice.
This aim is developed through two case studies, the way valid
advance directives are observed or not, and the responses of
medical practitioners to injuries to patients sustained during
medical treatment.
The methodology used includes analysis of hard law regulatory
processes together with the development of and increasing
reliance on the soft law documented in codes, guidelines and
other regulatory standards which reflect the evolving ideals of
medical professionalism. In turn, an examination of disciplinary
cases of tribunals and courts shows how conduct is interpreted in
accordance with what is or is not professional behaviour.
There is evidence that observance by medical practitioners of
patient-centred care is often being overwhelmed by the scientific
and technical aspects of medical practice and other pressures on
medical practitioners, such as concerns about legal liability.
The necessity for the observance of respect for the human being
who is the patient is discounted to these priorities despite
extensive evidence of improved outcomes for patients when
patient-centred principles are implemented. The reasons for this
discount are complex but a major contributor to the less than
optimum observance of patient-centred principles is medical
professionalism as fostered by the current methods of
socialisation and training of medical practitioners. Bullying
and humiliation of medical students in their training leads to
desensitisation and a consequent lack of attention by medical
practitioners to the necessity for patient-centred approaches to
practice.
An exploration of the direct and indirect impacts of the law upon
the medical profession shows the domination of medical
practitioner interests over the interests of their patients.
Therefore, this thesis considers whether the existing Australian
legislative regime can be applied to achieving the promotion of
the observance of quality, patient-centred practices by medical
practitioners to the mutual benefit of doctor and patient. It
argues that medical disciplinary authorities can use the
provisions of the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law
together with soft law regulation to more completely embed a
patient-centred culture in medical practitioner behaviour.
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Tito, Wheatland Fiona. "Patient harm and medical error as threats to the Doctor Identity - a new lens for improving patient safety?" Phd thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117703.
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Preventable patient harm and medical error occur frequently in
health care. Despite the apparent widespread commitment to the
“First do no harm” aphorism in medicine, it has proved
difficult to get prompt, effective and sustained action to detect
and prevent these. The existence of preventable patient harm and
medical error has been well established over the past 50 years
and its high frequency has been confirmed in many international
studies over the past two decades.
The thesis used a secondary source research methodology across a
wide range of disciplines that have looked at medical error,
preventable harm and doctor behaviour to explore possible
explanations for these phenomena. The thesis concludes that
there is an alternative plausible explanation for why action on
identification and action on these issues by doctors, as leaders
in health care, have been so slow and inconsistent. The thesis
provides evidence in support of three hypotheses that form part
of this explanation.
Hypothesis 1: the occurrence of patient harm and medical error
can be perceived psychologically by a doctor as a fundamental
threat to his or her identity;
Hypothesis 2: a serious threat to identity causes a range of
psychological defences, often rooted in the biological responses
of the brain to threats to existence, and these defences can make
it hard for a doctor to recognise, identify or accept the risk of
patient harm;
Hypothesis 3: elements of the Doctor Identity deny ordinary human
psychological responses and physical limitations, and thus
promote unrealistic self or group perceptions. This creates risks
to both doctors and patients. Many of these risks may be
avoidable through modifying these perceptions and developing more
realistic self-and professional schemas.
The thesis concludes that these hypotheses provide potential new
ways to address the issues, and reduce harm caused to both
patients and doctors.
Books on the topic "Medical ethics Australia"
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Good medical practice: Professionalism, ethics and law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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Ethics for health care. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998.
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Bonnie, Britton, and De Lacey Sheryl, eds. Ethics and law for Australian nurses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
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1985, Australia Parliament Senate Select Committee on the Human Embryo Experimentation Bill. Human embryo experimentation in Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1986.
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Medicine and the state: Professional autonomy and public accountability. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1990.
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Daniel, Ann. Medicine and the state: Professional autonomy and public accountability. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1990.
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Australia. National Bioethics Consultative Committee. Report to the Australian Health Ministers' Conference. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1989.
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Hepburn, Elizabeth. Of life and death: An Australian guide to Catholic bioethics. North Blackburn, Vic: Dove, 1996.
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1947-, Gray Dennis, ed. Aboriginal health and society: The traditional and contemporary aboriginal struggle for better health. North Sydney, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1991.
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Le, Quynh. Health and well-being: A social and cultural perspective. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Medical ethics Australia"
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Rubenfeld, Sheldon, and Daniel P. Sulmasy. "Physician-Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, and Bioethics in Nazi and Contemporary Cinema." In The International Library of Bioethics, 173–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01987-6_10.
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AbstractToday, physician-assisted suicide and/or euthanasia are legal in several European countries, Canada, several jurisdictions in the United States and Australia, and may soon become legal in many more jurisdictions. While traditional Hippocratic and religious medical ethics have long opposed these practices, contemporary culture and politics have slowly weakened opposition to physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. Our chapter examines how assisted suicide and euthanasia have been presented in cinema, one of the most powerful influences on culture, by Nazi propagandists during the German Third Reich and by Western filmmakers since the end of World War II.Almost all contemporary films about assisted suicide and euthanasia, including six winners of Academy Awards, promote these practices as did Ich klage an (I Accuse) (1941), the best and archetypal Nazi feature film about euthanasia. The bioethical justifications of assisted suicide or euthanasia in both Ich klage an and contemporary films are strikingly similar: showing mercy; avoiding fear and/or disgust; equating loss of capability with loss of a reason to live; enabling self-determination and the right-to-die; conflating voluntary with involuntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia; and casting opposition as out-of-date traditionalism. Economics and eugenics, two powerful arguments for euthanasia during the Third Reich, are not highlighted in Ich klage an and are only obliquely mentioned in contemporary cinema. One dramatic difference in the cinema of the two periods is the prominence of medical professionals in Ich klage an and their conspicuous absence in contemporary films about assisted suicide and euthanasia. A discussion of the medical ethos of the two time periods reveals how cinema both reflects and influences the growing acceptance of assisted suicide and euthanasia.
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Thompson, C. A. "Gaining an Appreciation of Differing Ethnic Influences on General Practice in Western Australia." In Advances in Medical Education, 308–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4886-3_94.
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Haw, Ashleigh. "Concepts, Methods, and Ethical Considerations." In Asylum Seekers in Australian News Media, 43–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18568-7_3.
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Ewart, Jacqueline, and Jillian Beard. "Poor Relations: Australian News Media Representations of Ethnic Minorities, Implications and Responses." In Minorities and Media, 165–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59631-4_9.
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Zion, Deborah. "Dual loyalty, medical ethics, and health care in offshore asylum-seeker detention." In The Health of Refugees, 260–72. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814733.003.0014.
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This chapter examines the ethical issues related to the practice of health care in an environment where human rights are absent, specifically relating to the conditions for refugees and asylum seekers who arrive by sea in Australian territory. The ethical considerations of working within the offshore detention environment are discussed. Health-care workers in these harsh environments often have divided loyalties, when duties to their patients conflict with duties to their employer or to the state. The author draws on published accounts and interviews with health-care providers who have worked on Manus Island and Nauru and Christmas Island, the sites used by Australia for offshore detention of asylum seekers.
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Harmsen, Constance A., and Richard N. Royle. "St. Stephen's Hospital Hervey Bay." In Healthcare Ethics and Training, 309–34. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2237-9.ch013.
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St Stephen's Hospital in Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia, is a new 96 bed state of the art digital hospital that opened on a greenfield site on 13 October 2014. The eHealth project was responsible for providing a fully integrated electronic medical record. The authors explore the unique challenges presented by the project and the solutions deployed. Key components related to the success of the project are identified. The results of the intense two and half year project timeline culminated in a successful go-live and certification as the first hospital in Australia to achieve Stage 6 HIMSS designation.
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Gross, Michael L. "Veteran Health Care." In Military Medical Ethics in Contemporary Armed Conflict, edited by Michael L. Gross, 254–74. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190694944.003.0013.
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Afterwar, embattled countries often forget their veterans. The rule is simple: nations must offer wounded veterans the same medical care other citizens enjoy. Nevertheless, veterans have no special rights to preferential or priority care. Virtuous or villainous conduct is an unacceptable criterion of medical attention. Just as the innocent victim of a traffic accident enjoys no stronger right to health care than the inattentive driver who ran the light, soldiers enjoy no exclusive right to medical treatment. Nor can discharged veterans appeal to military necessity to afford them the privilege of priority care. Despite provisions in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia to carve out special rights for veterans, they are without a firm moral foundation. Instead, each nation may reward military service with public recognition and financial compensation, while providing every citizen with the high level of care that each deserves by right.
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Sampford, Charles, and Robyn Lui. "Australian Media Ethics Regime and Ethical Risk Management." In Media Ethics in Australia, 86–107. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003059097-1.
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Unnithan, Chandana, Paula M. Swatman, and Jo-Anne Kelder. "Ensuring Privacy of Participants Recruited via Social Media." In Data Analytics in Medicine, 1537–55. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1204-3.ch077.
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Researchers worldwide are increasingly looking to recruit research participants via social media (particularly @Facebook and @Twitter) because they appear to offer access to a wider range of research participants and afford inherently convenient tools for recruitment. In Australia, the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research, together with the federal Privacy law and a number of state-based privacy statutes, provide support and guidance for this novel approach. This article offers a preliminary analysis and discussion of this trend from an Australian perspective, illustrated by an enquiry into the ethical challenges posed by social media-based recruitment, conducted in an Australian university in 2015. Leximancer™ was used as an analytical tool and the content from social media sites used for a small number of research studies conducted up to 2015, taken in conjunction with the various national human research ethics guidelines, offered a means of understanding how ethical challenges of privacy and anonymity can be addressed for responsible social media-based research.
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Hobbins, Peter. "‘The Pneumonic Influenza Is Just Part of My Life’." In Pandemic Re-Awakenings, 199–214. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843739.003.0012.
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In Australia, the ‘Spanish’ Flu pandemic was neither commemorated nor forgotten. In contrast with the nation’s shocking casualty rates during the First World War, mortality from the pandemic was much lower than elsewhere in the world. Across the country, few formal monuments mark either communal sacrifice or individual deaths due to ‘Spanish’ Flu. Even the preferred local moniker, ‘pneumonic influenza’, rarely features on gravestones. Yet the pandemic was never neglected by the medical profession, who continued to invoke 1918–19 as the ‘worst-case scenario’ for the impact of imported diseases. Moreover, despite the absence of public memorialisation, many community and family narratives of ‘Spanish’ Flu focused on a place-based ethics of care. In both urban and rural localities, these memories of the collective response overrode the pandemic’s traumatic impact. Often kept alive via regional repositories and personal stories, Australian community histories have emphasised fortitude, courage and charity, rather than loss or mourning. In encouraging the publication of these accounts, a 2018–19 programme fostered attempts to research and share the local impact of the pandemic in 1919. Arguing that the very ubiquity of experience obviated the need for formal commemorations, this chapter concludes that its Australian meanings remain focused on the intimate associations of family, neighbourhood and community. This project emphasises the importance of community historians as ‘partner practitioners’ in defining what is important for us to remember—and why.