Journal articles on the topic 'Medical education Sudan'

An evaluation was made of the extent and impact of community-oriented medical education in the Khartoum and Gezira medical schools in the Sudan. Competency of graduates 3-7 years after graduation and health indicators of the provinces of both medical schools were examined. Gezira had a more community-oriented curriculum although it was deficient in other aspects. The degree of partnership of both schools with the Ministry of Health and the community was weak and the schools’ research programmes had no community orientation. Graduates had similar profiles of job satisfaction, community service, knowledge, attitudes and self-learning. Although Gezira had more emphasis on community medical education, graduates of both schools adapted themselves to the environment dictated by the health care delivery system and cultural values

Background: Evaluation of any curriculum in medical education helps the process of health profession education by providing valuable feedback to the programs in which the graduates train. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted by observing and systematically documenting the ongoing performance of trainees in real clinical settings over a 6 months’ period from July 2017 to January 2018. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dermatology curriculum of Sudan Medical Specialization Board (SMSB) and to gather data that will help in identifying areas in need of improvement or change. The data was collected through structured questionnaires from three groups: 1) trainees, 2) patients and 3) trainers. Results: The study included 128 trainees, 178 patients and 22 trainers. The patient’s satisfaction rate with the medical care provided by dermatology doctors was high since 61.8% stated that they had an excellent care. The overall trainee’s satisfaction of the provided program was reported in 89.2%.The majority of trainers believe that the current curriculum is not updated and is not well implemented in the training. Trainers clearly stated that the number of trainees per batch participated in the program and the number of training centres are inadequate. They also raised their concerns that the current training program didn’t meet the desired outcomes. Conclusions: This study provides a general picture of dermatology postgraduate training in Sudan from different perspectives. In our evaluation of the SMSB dermatology curriculum, we found a well-developed program, with a good curriculum but poor implementation, leading to an unsatisfactory outcome.

Church Missionary Society missionaries arrived in the northern Sudan in 1899 with the goal of converting Muslims. Restricted by the Anglo-Egyptian government and by local opposition to their evangelism, they gained only one Muslim convert during sixty years of work. The missionaries nevertheless provided medical and education services in urban centers and in the Nuba Mountains, and pioneered girls' schools. Yet few of their Sudanese graduates achieved functional Arabic literacy, since missionaries taught ‘romanized Arabic', a form of written colloquial Arabic, in Latin print, that lacked practical applications. Thus the history of the CMS in the northern Sudan yields insights into issues of education, power and religious identity within a colonial context.

AbstractIntroductionThe challenges presented by traumatic injuries in low-resource communities are especially relevant in South Sudan. This study was conducted to assess whether a 3-day wilderness first aid (WFA) training course taught in South Sudan improved first aid knowledge. Stonehearth Open Learning Opportunities (SOLO) Schools designed the course to teach people with limited medical knowledge to use materials from their environment to provide life-saving care in the event of an emergency.MethodsA pre-test/post-test study design was used to assess first aid knowledge of 46 community members in Kit, South Sudan, according to a protocol approved by the University of New England Institutional Review Board. The course and assessments were administered in English and translated in real-time to Acholi and Arabic, the two primary languages spoken in the Kit region. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation analyses were conducted.ResultsResults included a statistically significant improvement in first aid knowledge after the 3-day training course: t(38)=3.94; P<.001. Although men started with more health care knowledge: (t(37)=2.79; P=.008), men and women demonstrated equal levels of knowledge upon course completion: t(37)=1.56; P=.88.ConclusionsThis research, which may be the first of its kind in South Sudan, provides evidence that a WFA training course in South Sudan is efficacious. These findings suggest that similar training opportunities could be used in other parts of the world to improve basic medical knowledge in communities with limited access to medical resources and varying levels of education and professional experiences.KatonaLB, DouglasWS, LenaSR, RatnerKG, CrothersD, ZondervanRL, RadisCD. Wilderness first aid training as a tool for improving basic medical knowledge in South Sudan. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(6):574–578.

This paper aims to examine the effects of service quality dimensions on students&rsquo; satisfaction in University of Medical Sciences and Technology (UMST) students&rsquo; hostel accommodation in Sudan. It is based on an empirical study conducted at one of the Sudanese Private University. A quantitative method was employed. Out of 367, there were 200 questionnaires were returned represented 55% of the study response rate. SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 21.0 were used in the analysis the collected data. The study proposed six direct effects. The results support two direct effects. Although the study conducted regarding the student&#39;s satisfaction in a Sudan education environment, the result of this study cannot be generalized.

Background: Various international guidelines have been developed regarding Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) management, as it is infecting more than half of the world's population. Sudan's health system lacks guidelines regarding H. pylori management, leading to a discrepancy in practice. Investigating the current approach could be a step forward in the formulation of a national consensus in the management of H. pylori. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical doctors currently working in Khartoum, Sudan. Participants were enrolled from platforms of medical associations through an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was scored out of 25 points, and scoring 13 or above considered a good approach. Data analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: A total of 358 medical doctors participated in the study. The mean (±SD) score was 12.9(±4.5). Those who were using textbooks, campaigns, symposiums or general medical information to their primary Source of knowledge significantly scored higher. The most selected indication for both diagnosis (76.8%) and treatment (67.6%) was an active peptic ulcer. Stool antigen test (SAT) was the most preferred test (70.7%). The majority of respondents selected triple therapy (82.1%) as a first-line regimen. Only 37.7% confirmed the eradication after four weeks of stopping the treatment. They ensure eradication mainly through SAT (29%). Conclusion: A suboptimal approach was noted among medical doctors of Khartoum, Sudan, regarding H. pylori management. Efforts should be invested in forming national guidelines and the implementation of continuous medical education programs. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, Medical doctor, Sudan.

Background: The association between multimorbidity and breast cancer is not yet fully understood. Few studies have published data on the association between multimorbidity and breast cancer in Africa, and none of them were conducted in Sudan. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and associated factors for multimorbidity (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, asthma and tuberculosis, and HIV) and their association with breast cancer stage in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in eastern Sudan. Methods: A retrospective cross -sectional study was conducted at East Oncology Center in Gadarif, eastern Sudan, from January to October 2021. Medical files were reviewed and sociodemographic, clinical data (comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, asthma, tuberculosis, and HIV) were retrieved. Logistics regression analysis was performed. Results: Medical files of 384 women who had newly diagnosed breast cancer were reviewed and included in this analysis. The median (interquartile) of their age was 50.0 (39.0‒60.0) years. Sixty-five women (16.9%) had multimorbidity. Obesity (77, 20.1%), hypertension (66, 17.20%), and diabetes mellitus (50, 13.0%) were the most common forms of morbidity among these women. Multivariate analysis showed that age was positively associated with multimorbidity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02‒1.07). Women with a lower level of education (AOR = 3.23, 95 % CI = 1.73‒6.04) and residing in urban areas (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.14‒4.34) were at higher risk for multimorbidity. Multivariate analysis showed that women with multimorbidity were at higher risk for presenting with newly diagnosed advanced breast cancer (AOR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.85‒6.08). Conclusion: In eastern Sudan, older women, women with less education, and women residing in urban areas are at higher risk for multimorbidity associated with advanced newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global public health threat and burden on the health system. This is especially the case in high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence countries, such as Sudan. Consequently, this study aimed to ascertain the predictors of MDR-TB in Sudan to provide future guidance. An unmatched case-control study to assess the predictors of MDR-TB infections among the Sudanese population was conducted from August 2017 to January 2018 at Abu-Anga referral hospital. Patients’ data was gathered from patients’ cards and via interviews. A structured pre-validated questionnaire was used to gather pertinent information, which included sociodemographic characteristics and other relevant clinical data. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the predictors of MDR-TB infection. 76 of the 183 patients interviewed (41.5%) had MDR-TB cases. The independent predictors for MDR-TB were living in rural areas [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–8.2)], treatment failure [aOR = 56.9 (10.2–319.2)], and smoking [(aOR = 4 (1.2–13.2)], whereas other sociodemographic factors did not predict MDR-TB. In conclusion, the study showed that a history of smoking, living in rural areas, and a previous treatment failure were the predictors of MDR-TB in Sudan. The latter factors are most likely due to issues that are related to access and adherence to treatment and lifestyle. The existence of any of these factors among newly diagnosed TB patients should alert clinicians for the screening of MDR-TB. The implementation of directly observed treatment (DOT) and health education are crucial in stopping the spread of MDR-TB in Sudan.

This paper provides an initial attempt to study and investigate the interactive relationship between vocational and technical education instructors and using information and communications technology (ICT) and its impact of the professionalism of their work. The paper compares the ICTs usage in vocational and technical instructors in Sudan and Egypt as important countries in Africa. This paper explores two contexts ''environments'' that initially appeared a little bit different. It presents results of a survey administered to several instructors in Sudan (95) and in Egypt (120) which show that, excepting a few tasks, vocational instructors in both countries. Instructors from both countries responded similarly about (a) where they learned about ICT (for example, computers and Internet) and (b) the usefulness of ICT for technical and vocational centers in both countries. They also indicated feeling minimal concern when using technology. Furthermore, differences were in evidence in both countries where desire to use technology was concerned. Overall, Sudanese instructors showed a greater features and range in their choices when given the option to traditional teaching methods preferable than technology use to complete various tasks, whereas Egyptian clarified more attitudes toward technology compared to other context.

Background: Food handlers may cross-contaminate raw and processed food stuffs as well as inadequately cook and store foods. These contributory factors are due to a lack of food hygiene awareness or implementation.Methods: Study was conducted between (October to December 2017), 100 samples were collected randomly from hands of food handlers working in restaurants of Wad Madani city. A sterile quality swabs were used to collecting the samples from handlers after screened the hand of handler particularly around the fingers and palm. The swab was immediately sealed and transported to Al-bagea medical center laboratory for examination. One hundred questionnaires were designed to obtain information about food handlers knowledge and their personal hygiene. The data was analyzed by (SPSS v16th) system.Results: The contaminated hands of food handlers by bacteria was 87%, the minimum colony forming unit (CFU) was (10×106 cfu/ml), 70% of handlers were educated and 55% of handlers were working in restaurants more than 5 years.Conclusions: The study showed high level of education of food handlers and may be aware of the need for personal hygiene, they do not comprehend crucial aspects of hygiene such as cleaning of work surfaces and washing their hands by water and soap, so we need deep messages for health education of food handlers.

State and national education initiatives have significantly increased expectations of students’ non-fiction reading and writing. These initiatives provide the space for potential interdisciplinary units in English/language arts and social studies/history centered on content area reading and writing. To do so, teachers must locate age-appropriate, historically representative curricular materials and implement discipline-specific writing prompts. To guide elementary teachers’ instruction, we select a novel, underused topic: the birth of the Republic of South Sudan. Age-appropriate children’s trade books are coupled with diverse informational texts—oral histories, current event news articles, and artwork—to extend the trade books’ narratives into the realm of current events. We suggest content area literacy strategies, share anecdotes from their application in the classroom, and recommend engaging, inquiry-based writing prompts that induce students to revisit understandings derived from close readings of the trade books and informational texts. In doing so, all texts and tasks explicitly are connected to different elements of the state and national initiatives in order to help teachers meet the rigorous standards.

Immunization has often been cited as one of the greatest medical success stories in human history. A cross-sectional hospital based study conducted from the period started from March 2016 to December 2016 .the study aimed to assess the missed opportunity of vaccine amongst under 24 months in Shendi locality, Total of 220 children under 2 years were been selected using convenience universal coverage for all children attending to the hospital seeking medical care, structured Questionnaire filed by their care givers. Our results revealed that, the prevalence of missed opportunity among the study population were 35% as aver all children examined, 20 % for BCG, 23% (Penta, Rota and polio vaccines), 40% for Measles 1st dose and 60% for Measles 2nd dose. These results show high percentage of dropout due to the missed opportunity from the main hospital in the Shendi locality. The main recommendations of our study are, institute primary health care unit to provide immunisation services in the teaching hospital and this is will minimize the gab of vaccine missed opportunity ,implement intensive health education programme to the local community especially rural community.

Information and communication technology (ICT) is progressively used in the health sector (e-health), to provide health care in a distance (telemedicine), facilitate medical education (e-learning), and manage patients’ information (electronic medical records, EMRs). Gezira Family Medicine Project (GFMP) in Sudan provides a 2-year master’s degree in family medicine, with ICT fully integrated in the project. This cross-sectional study describes ICT implementation and utilization at the GFMP for the years 2011-2012. Administrative data was used to describe ICT implementation, while questionnaire-based data was used to assess candidates’ perceptions and satisfaction. In the period from April 2011 to December 2012, 3808 telemedicine online consultations were recorded and over 165000 new patients’ EMRs were established by the study subjects (125 candidates enrolled in the program). Almost all respondents confirmed the importance of telemedicine. The majority appreciated also the importance of using EMRs. Online lectures were highly rated by candidates in spite of the few challenges encountered by combining service provision with learning activity. Physicians highlighted some patients’ concerns about the use of telemedicine and EMRs during clinical consultations. Results from this study confirmed the suitability of ICT use in postgraduate training in family medicine and in service provision.

This article examines the continued salience of ethnic identity and ethnic conflicts in world politics; this is especially important given the central role that ethnicity plays in world politics, especially many developing world countries. The author argues that teachers and teacher educators must understand the pivotal role that ethnicity continues to play in world politics, especially in post-colonial African and Asian societies. Teaching about global issues, such as the current war in Iraq, population patterns in the former Soviet Union, and the genocide in Sudan, requires a deep understanding of ethnicity and its major perspectives. Moreover, by adopting a non-linear perspective, students can understand that traditional societies will reassert their ethnic identities as they confront the powerful and dynamic forces of globalization. Finally, the article will establish the links between ethnicity and multicultural and global education, especially the National Council for the Social Studies major curriculum standards.

This study tries to identify the effect of assessment for learning on a group of Sudanese pre-medical students’ performance in English for Specific Purposes (ESP). The study also attempts to identify students’ perception and attitudes towards this type of assessment. The sample of the study is composed of 53 subjects from the Pre -medical students at Khartoum University in Sudan. These students are placed into two groups; an experimental and a control group. The experimental group students are taught their ESP material in accordance with assessment for learning principles and techniques, the control group; however, is taught the same material using the traditional summative assessment procedures. The experiment lasts for one term, i.e., 16 weeks. The experimental group instructor is subjected to an intensive training course on how to implement assessment for learning strategies in classroom setting. At the end of the term, the two groups sit for a final exam which is intended for all Pre-medical students. Comparison of the scores of the students reveals a significant difference between the two groups in favor of the experimental group. Students’ attitudes towards assessment for learning are checked through a questionnaire and interviews. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the students’ responses show their positive attitudes towards this type of assessment. The study ends up with a set of recommendations and suggestions to improve assessment for learning practice and to make it more effective in a Sudanese setting.

This study aimed to evaluate whether measles vaccine uptake can be predicted directly or indirectly by parental perceptions about the availability of measles vaccine services with parental hesitancy towards the measles vaccine as a potential mediator. This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted at Omdurman locality in Khartoum state, Sudan in February 2019. The study population included parents/guardians having at least one child aged 2–3 years old. Mediation analysis was conducted using two models, the ordinary least squares path analysis and multiple logistic regression. These models considered perceived vaccine accessibility and availability as independent factors, vaccine uptake as dependent factors, and vaccine hesitancy (PACV scores) as a mediator. A total of 495 responded and the mean age of the mothers who participated in the study was 31.1 (SD = 5.73). Half of the respondents (50.1%) completed university education and nearly three-quarters of the respondents (74.7%) were housewives. After controlling for the other factors, including the mother’s age and the number of children, parental perception about the accessibility and availability of the measles vaccine influences the uptake of the measles vaccine indirectly through the mediation effect of measles vaccine hesitancy. We suggest that intervening in measles vaccine hesitancy in addition to measles vaccination access issues will have a positive impact on the uptake and coverage of the measles vaccine in Sudan.

Background: The prevalence and burden of chronic diseases is growing significantly with direct impact on health and financial security of population. In Sudan, there is a continuous effort to improve access for good and integrated health services but still the utilization of these services is low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess the availability and integration of benefit package to ensure better and effective coverage of services.Aim: This is a descriptive cross sectional based study aimed to assess the opinion of service providers about the chronic diseases package provided through the national health insurance fund.Methods: Form390 participating, data was collected via closed ended standardized questionnaires. Pre testing was done to ensure quality survey instruments and fieldwork procedures were conducted. A structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions was developed based on literature and previous studies. The questionnaire made up of 30 questions and organized in the following sections: background characteristics, medical characteristics, health professionals’ knowledge and practice related to NHIF ’chronic diseases package and perception about NHIF ‘chronic diseases package.Results: Our results showed that despite the existence of a number of issues, the National Health Insurance Fund is rather accepted amongst our respondents. Issues manifested were in regards to health education and supply issues of drugs. Conclusion: Our study concluded that, there is an obvious weakness in both training of providers and implementation of national protocols for chronic diseases. Moreover, despite the challenges of drug availability, 70% of our participants expressed positivity when questioned about the presentation of the drug package, bearing in mind the importance of reviewing the list to ensure its inclusion of new items. There is a need for training medical providers about chronic diseases with more focusing on health promotion and application of national guidelines. Additionally, integration of chronic diseases services in necessary for achieving universal health coverage. Keywords: national protocols for chronic diseases, national health insurance fund, health promotion

Diabetic patients are vulnerable to developing severe complications and have a higher risk of death due to COVID-19 infection. Vaccination remains the mainstay during the current situation to mitigate the risks related to COVID-19 infection. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess the vaccination status and the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in Sudan. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2022 at Gadarif Hospital in eastern Sudan. Information on sociodemographics, the contracting of COVID-19 during the pandemic, beliefs toward COVID-19 vaccinations, and barriers related to COVID-19 vaccinations was obtained through an interview questionnaire among adult (≥18 years) patients with DM. Bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analyses performed. A total of 568 diabetic patients were enrolled, with a mean (SD) age of 53.07 (12.69) years. The majority of the participants were female (67.6%), urban residents (63.4%), uneducated (60.6%) and employed (73.2%). There was a history of COVID-19 in 97.4% of participants, and 29.2% of them had hypertension along with DM. About 31% received the vaccine, out of which 17.9% received the first dose, 13.2% received the second dose, and 0.2% received the third dose. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between belief in the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine and having had two doses of it (adjusted Odds ratio = 20.42, p < 0.001). The prevalence of COVID-19 infection was high, while the rate of COVID-19 vaccination uptake was low and inadequate among the participants. Appropriate health education and targeted interventions toward awareness of safety concerns are highly recommended.

Background: Accurate timing for diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis (LTB) is important to reduce morbidity and mortality for both mother and child. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence rate of LTB and its associated factors during pregnancy using gamma interferon (IFN- γ) release assay (IGRA). Methods: A cross-sectional facility-based study carried out in Kassala hospital, Eastern Sudan between January and March 2015. Results: Two hundred and forty-nine women were enrolled in this study and 18.1% (45/249) had confirmed positive for M. tuberculosis infection using IGRA. The mean age, parity and gestational age of the LTB patients were 29.6 (4.4), 2.2 (1.2) and 21.9 (8.8), respectively. The vast majority of these patients was of rural residence (72.7%), housewives (91.1%) and illiterate (73.3%). More than half (25, 55.6%) gave a history of contact with tuberculosis patients, 26.7% (12/45) were vaccinated and 11.1% (5/45) had a medical history of diabetes mellitus. In logistic regression model, while age, parity, education, occupation, size of family members, smoking, BCG status and medical history of diabetes mellitus were not associated with latent tuberculosis during pregnancy, history of contact with TB patients (OR=13.5; CI=5.6 to 32.5; P<0.001) and rural residence (OR=0.3; CI=0.1 to 0.7; P=0.006) was significantly correlated to LTB in pregnancy. Conclusion: Thus, screening of all pregnant women living in high burden setting of tuberculosis is recommended even in the absence of overt clinical signs of the disease.</P>

BackgroundOver 80% of deliveries in Sudan occur in rural areas, attended by village midwives (VMWs).ObjectiveTo determine the impact of Helping Babies Breathe training and regular peer–peer skills practice (HBBT+RPPSP) on VMW resuscitation practices and outcomes.MethodsIn a prospective community-based intervention study, 71/82 VMWs, reporting to six East Nile rural medical centres, with previous experience in community health research, consented to HBBT+RPPSP. Outcomes included changes in the resuscitation practices, fresh stillbirths (FSB) and early neonatal deaths <1 week (ENND).ResultsThere were 1350 and 3040 deliveries before and after HBBT+RPPSP, respectively, with no significant differences between the two cohorts regarding maternal age, education or area of birth. Drying of the newborn increased almost tenfold (8.4%, n=113 to 74.9%, n=1011) while suctioning of the mouth/nose decreased fivefold (80.3%, n=2442 to 14.4%, n=437) following HBBT+RPPSP. Pre-HBBT+RPPSP9/18 (50%) newborns who had mouth-to-mouth ventilation died, compared with 13/119 (11%) who received bag-mask ventilation post-HBBT+RPPSP. Excluding 11 macerated fetuses, there were 55 perinatal deaths: 14 FSB/18 ENND (6 months pre-HBBT+RPPSP) and 10 FSB/13 ENND (18 months post-HBBT+RPPSP). FSB rates decreased from 10.5 to 3.3 per 1000 births ((χ2)=8.6209, p=0.003), while ENND rates decreased from 13.5 to 4.3 per 1000 live births ((χ2)=10.9369, p=0.001) pre-HBBT+RPPSP and post-HBBT+RPPSP, respectively.ConclusionIn a selected group of VMWs, HBBT+RPPSP was associated with improvements in newborn resuscitation and perinatal outcomes. HBBT+RPPSP could have immense benefits if propagated nationally to all 17 000 VMWs in Sudan.

Background: Educational environment has been shown to have influence on learning outcome and affects student achievement, satisfaction, and success. The study was conducted to assess medical students’ perception of their learning environment and to explore areas of weakness within the educational environment.Methods: A mixed method of study, was performed using non-probability sampling at the Faculty of Medicine, Gezira University (FMUG), Sudan. An updated Arabic Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) was developed and administered to 854 students during the academic year 2016-2017.Results: Seventy five percent of students completed the inventory (638/854) and Sixty four percent (546/854) responded to the open-ended question providing comments and suggestions. The overall reliability coefficient alpha in this study was 0.914. The global score for this study was found positive (122/200). Students were most satisfied with the learning aspects, academic environment, and academic self-perception. However, they were unsatisfied with their teaching and social atmosphere (inadequate social support for stressed students, substandard teaching, overemphasised factual learning, unpleasant accommodation). The qualitative content analysis was performed and emerged with four themes: the physical environment, a number of students, pedagogical approaches and faculty-student communication.Conclusions: The study suggested the overall students’ perceptions of the educational environment in the FMUG were on the positive side. However, certain specific elements of the learning environment and educational programme need to be critically investigated and remedied. The updated Arabic DREAM can be used reliably in the context of medical education in Arabic speaking countries.

The MarrakechInternational Women’s Cancer Days showcased a first-time international meeting of healthcare professionals worldwide to discuss, over the course of 3 days, aspects of public health, prevention, and treatment of gynecological cancers in the Arabic region. The focus was particularly on promoting globally sustainable research initiatives. The event was a joint initiative organized by the Gynecological Cancer Intergroup and the Pan-Arabian Research Society of Gynecological Oncology. The first conference day focused on the early diagnosis and screening of cervical cancer and the required action to establish equity within screening programs and improve cancer control strategies in the Euro-Mediterranean region. The second day highlighted current screening, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for ovarian cancer in the Arabic region, with particular discussion on the incidence of germline mutations in Arabic women with ovarian cancer. Centers from the Arabic region such as Jordan, Tunesia, Sudan, and Morocco presented their own data on ovarian cancer patients and local clinical practice, and barriers to treatment. It was highlighted that more support is required in surgical training and medical therapies. On the third day , the focus was on cervical cancer therapies and treatment. Interesting surveys on patient awareness of screening programs and cervical cancer were presented from various centers including Lebanon, Sudan, and the UAE. The conference ended with emphasis on patient education, and quality of life. The meeting provided a first-time platform for sustainable worldwide dialog and exchange on all aspects of gynecological cancers focusing on the Arabic woman and the particular barriers, unchartered territories, and challenges this patient population presents to the global healthcare community.

Surgeon Major Thomas Heazle Parke (1857–1893) was a doctor from Drumsna, County Roscommon, who after completing his education at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland joined the British army as a medical officer. After several years of serving in Ireland and Egypt, he volunteered to be medical officer of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition of 1887–1889. This was to become Henry Morton Stanley’s largest, longest and most controversial African expedition. The epic journey saw Stanley, his eight European officers and 800 African porters take almost 3 years to cross the African continent from West to East via the Congo River, Southern Sudan and Uganda. During this time, Parke had to single-handedly deal with the myriad diseases and injuries that beset the expedition’s members. Barely 200 of the Zanzibari, Sudanese and Somali porters survived, and two British officers also perished. In completing the expedition, Parke became the first Irishman to cross Africa, and he had also become the first European to lay eyes on the ‘Mountains of the Moon’ or ‘Ruwenzori’. He returned home to great acclaim, and was bestowed copious honours and fellowships. His account of the expedition, My Experiences in Equatorial Africa, was a bestseller. However, his own health never recovered from the hardships of his time in Africa, and he died suddenly in 1893. His statue stands outside the Natural History Museum in Dublin.

Patient satisfaction is the perception of patient towards health care services, has been considered a mandatory barometer to evaluate how well a healthcare system is working in a number of advanced countries such as France and Germany, however, it receives limited attention in developing countries,1 Improved patient care has become a priority for all health care service providers with the optimum objective of achieving a high degree of patient satisfaction, therefore is the state of pleasure or happiness that the patients experience while using a health services.2 According to Emmanuel K Mpinga3 has moved from theoretical essence to more technical and operational approach, corresponds to expression of patient’s judgment on the quality of care, is an indicator and the voice of the patient, on other hand6 found that socio - demographic characteristics contribute minimally to patient satisfaction, patient who is anxious will not comprehend information clearly. In South Sudan generally, is perceived that there is a gap in needs of patients despite external donor`s efforts, hence patients seek healthcare in private health centers. Improving the quality of health care service offered at JTH will improve the service offered Nationwide directly or indirectly. This study is a cross-sectional studies, exploratory based on qualitative interviews one - to one investigator and patient, while structured questionnaire are given to Doctors and Nurses, the Study population aged 15 to 55yrs old, males and females, regardless of occupation and educational levels from all departments, Simple random samples were attained from the period between1st Oct 2012- 14th Jan2013 from various wards to reached 50 patients, 20 doctors and 30 nurses were given structured questionnaires which they filled. Followed by extensive discussions and analysis was done using MS Excel &MS Word, data presentation is in the form of plain text, tables, graphs and pie charts. Results & conclusions: The general performance of doctors and nurses is positive, despite the minority are dissatisfied, 22% of patients residing outside Capital Juba while 78% in Juba City. In regards to education level only 12% had tertiary education, while secondary level with 36% the remaining 52% had none or minimal education, the age group 15-24 had the highest unemployment rate while age 45-54 the least, 78% of the participants agreed that there was no language barrier, only 22% who had communication difficulty, South Sudan is a multi-ethnic country in which some patients speak their mother tongues or dialects only, 72% of the patients felt that privacy was observed while 28% contrary, because consultation rooms usually overcrowded with medical students, patients are examined in front of students and co-patients, Patients tend to hide information when they feel their privacy is at stake, leads to patients’ dissatisfaction. follow up of patients scored high when doctors’ performance was evaluated, However, some slight deviation could be due to doctors working in shifts, swift clinical examinations, impoliteness to colleagues, most doctors are interns and so their competency is always being questioned. JTH is under equipped and it has few Specialists, and the management of chronic cases almost futile attempt. Majority of health care providers at JTH have good attitude towards patients. few answered negatively. The breaches were in the areas of drugs administration, 70% of doctors felt that nurses don’t administer drugs with right doses and timely as prescribed, only 30% believe contrary, 90% of nurses feel they over worked, hindering the quality of care services, in JTH nurses working in strenuous shifts and high patient to nurse ratio with no allowance’s payments, and luck of in service training or luck of capacity building. Inadequate facilities hamper health services in our exploratory studies and investigations, all agreed that improvement of facilities need urgency with 35% agreed for Lab,78.2% agreed for OPD, while 54.2% wards need improvement, 51.6% for pharmacy. high patients to doctor’s ratio resulting in patients taking long to see doctors and their investigation results done. Patients share beds in the emergency wards; others sleep on the floor and outside the ward receiving the treatment this deteriorates patient`s dissatisfaction towards the capacity of the hospital to deliver services. Paradoxically, many patients still prefer JTH as a final resort, Therefore, JTH should rise the capacity of OPD, increase the healthcare workers and increase incentives and motivation, create good working environment. Medical students should be trained basic medical emergency on triage in order to handle growing number of patients. The laboratory should be modernized, and the management of Hospital should be given to who holds administrative and managerial skills.

Background: Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences at University of Kassala, Sudan was established 1990. It adopts the traditional curricula, which implemented in preclinical (basic sciences) and clinical phases. This study was held to explore students' perception and attitudes towards the basic sciences. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during April- August 2017 among 251 medical students. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. It was collected and analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results: A total of 251 of participants in different phases of education in faculty of medicine and health sciences were included in the study; preclinical 116 (46.2%), 113 clinical (45.0%), and 22 (8.8%) were in internship. 95 (37.8 %) were males and 156 (62.2%) were females. The study revealed that physiology was the most preferable subject. Students' satisfaction to syllabus for anatomy, physiology and biochemistry was 61.4%, 43%, and 28.7% respectively. However, 46.6% of students spent a long time to understand biochemistry and 33.1% considered it as overloaded syllabus. Participants showed poor ability to link between theoretical and practical work in case of biochemistry (26.7%), where as anatomy and physiology were represented by 76.9% and 42.2% respectively. Less than half of students were able to integrate the subjects of basic sciences and basic with clinical sciences. Conclusion: In this study, the students determined the difficulties of recalling of information, poor integration between basic and clinical sciences and even integration within the subject. Development of integrated curriculum is necessary to improve the quality of education.

AbstractBackgroundMycetoma is a neglected disease, which is socioeconomically important, and with the possibility of permanent disability in infected persons if not treated early. This is especially true in resource-limited settings such as West Africa, where there is a lack of facilities and skilled personnel to make a definitive laboratory diagnosis. Countries in West Africa have similar climatic conditions to Sudan. The majority of patients seek medical care very late, when there is already bone involvement, resulting in amputations. This results in poor capture of the true burden of the problem in the literature.MethodsA review of the literature revealed about 2685 documented cases in West Africa from 1929 to 2020; from 15 out of 16 countries, Senegal accounted for 74.1% (1943) of cases in the subregion.ResultsThe majority of lesions were found on the foot; however, other body parts were also reported. Rural dwellers accounted for most cases. Only 547 (20.4%) cases had identified isolates reported. Actinomycetoma accounted for 47.9% of cases, eumycetoma 39.7% and unidentified pathogens 12.4%. Actinomadura pelletieri was the predominant pathogen isolated (21.4%; 117 isolates).ConclusionThere is a dire need for capacity building, provision of facility and health education to raise awareness of this debilitating disease in West Africa.

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence rates in refugee camps are inconclusive in current literature, with some studies highlighting the increased risk of transmission due to poor living conditions and lower levels of education. With the increasing number of refugees from HIV endemic countries, it is important to assess the programs established to support patients upon arrival. Refugees have been reported to have a lower health literacy and face disease-related stigmatization, which must be overcome for the lifelong treatment of HIV. </P><P> Case Presentation: 31-year-old female arrived in Canada as a refugee from Sudan with her 5 children in July of 2017. She was diagnosed with HIV and severe dental carries during her initial medical evaluation and referred to our centre. A lack of social support has resulted in severe psychological stress. The first being stigmatization which has led to her not disclosing the diagnosis to anyone outside her medical care team. Her level of knowledge about HIV is consistent with literature reporting that despite HIV prevention programs in refugee camps, compliance with risk reduction behaviors, especially in females, is low. Lastly, her major concern relates to the cost of living and supporting her children. Conclusion: Assessment of current HIV programs is necessary to recognize and resolve gaps in the system. Focusing on programs which increase both risk reduction behaviors in refugee camps and integration of refugees in a new healthcare system can facilitate an easier transition for patients and aid in the quest for global 90-90-90 targets for HIV.

Purpose This British Academy/Leverhulme-funded research (Grant number: SG170394) investigated the experiences and impact of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and torture on South Sudanese refugees’ health and rights and the responses of health and justice services in Northern Uganda. Design/methodology/approach It involved thematic analysis of the narratives of 20 men and 41 women refugees’ survivors of SGBV and torture; this included their experiences in South Sudan, their journeys to Uganda and experiences in refugee settlements. In total, 37 key stakeholders including health and justice providers, police, non-government and government organisations were also interviewed regarding their experiences of providing services to refugees. Findings All refugees had survived human rights abuses carried out in South Sudan, on route to Uganda and within Uganda. Incidents of violence, SGBV, torture and other human rights abuses declined significantly for men in Uganda, but women reported SGBV incidents. The research demonstrates linkages between the physical, psychological, social/cultural and justice/human rights impact on women and men refugees, which amplified the impact of their experiences. There was limited screening, physical and psychological health and support services; including livelihoods and education. Refugees remained concerned about violence and SGBV in the refugee settlements. While they all knew of the reporting system for such incidents, they questioned the effectiveness of the process. For this reason, women opted for family reconciliation rather than reporting domestic violence or SGBV to the authorities. Men found it hard to report incidences due to high levels of stigma and shame. Research limitations/implications Refugees largely fled South Sudan to escape human rights abuses including, persecution, SGBV and torture. Their experiences resulted in physical, psychological, social-cultural and justice effects that received limited responses by health and justice services. An integrated approach to meeting refugees’ needs is required. Practical implications The authors make recommendations for integrated gender sensitive service provision for refugees including more systematic screening, assessment and treatment of SGBV and torture physical and emotional injuries combined with implementation of livelihoods and social enterprises. Social implications The research demonstrates that stigma and shame, particularly for male refugee survivors of SGBV and torture, impacts on ability to report these incidents and seek treatment. Increasing gender sensitivity of services to these issues, alongside provision of medical treatment for injuries, alongside improved informal justice processes, may assist to counteract shame and increase disclosure. Originality/value There is currently a lack of empirical investigation of this subject area, therefore this research makes a contribution to the subject of understanding refugees’ experiences of SGBV and torture, as well as their perceptions of service provision and response. This subject is strategically important due to the pressing need to develop integrated, gendered and culturally sensitive services that listen to the voices and draw on the expertise of refugees themselves while using their skills to inform improvements in service responses and policy.

In his everyday court activities a judge has to consult a forensic psychiatry court expert very often nowadays. There is a shortage in the current law regulations, however, in that field, according to law processing solutions. The relationship between a judge and a forensic psychiatry court experts is not defined completely according to problems because of different concepts concerning scientific approaches, and the low and psychiatric terminology - thus there is need for a further education in order to gain a better understanding. Discussing various questions and dilemmas that have emerged from such relationship, the author suggest a greater affirmation of a forensic psychiatry court expert sub-specialist that is the one of a neuropsychiatrist (psychiatrist) in the court, as well as introducing of private testifying which should be done at a participant's demand, which would improve the quality of testifying in general, by its corrective role. The authors also discuss the dangers of trial expertise, the question of conscious and unconscious manipulation, psychodynamic interaction between participants in the trial, of some illogical phenomenon according to premises needed for pronouncing security measures by No 63 and No 64 paragraph of OKZ SRJ as well as the question of testifying to an individual as a morally and guilt responsible person for the work, except in some extremely complicated cases or in imperative applications of complex diagnostic methods which require participation of other experts as well, including a medical board and institutional processing.

Each college is obliged to create an ideal ratio of lecturers and students. To improve internal quality or quality on an ongoing basis to meet the ideal ratio of lecturers and students, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri always recruits lecturers every year. The file selection flow at the administrative selection stage of lecturer recruitment at Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri is still carried out conventionally to ensure prospective lecturers are selected to pass to the next stage. The assessment process is subjective, and this can cause inconsistency in the provision of grades in each prospective alternative lecturer. This study aims to design and apply the Analytical Hierarchy Process method to support decisions in the recruitment of lecturers at Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri. So that in this calculation, the priority of Recruitment of Lecturers at Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri is obtained as follows; Recent Education 41.22%, GPA 20.61%, Achievement 13.74%, Accreditation 10.3%, Experience 8.24%, and Test 5.89%. Based on the research conducted, the same results were obtained with data in the field that those selected to become lecturers in the mathematics education study program were prospective lecturers with the initials FN, with a total score of 0.1168. The results of applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process method can provide recommendations for selecting alternative lecturer candidates for Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri who are more objective.

Background: Sudan health system is based on the district health system approach, which emphasizes the principles of primary health care (PHC). Nevertheless, the decentralization of the public sector resulted in more deterioration of the PHC system particularly in rural and peripheral areas due to lack of financial resources and managerial capacities. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the community services coverage at primary Healthcare Facilities in Rural Population of Sharg-Elnil Locality - Khartoum State from 2018 to 2020. Materials and methods: A number of (37) Health facilities was selected in addition to (333) households. All selected mothers/care takers of children aged 12–23 months; all working Primary Healthcare sites and all health worker who are the first responsible of Health sites in the study area were included in the study. The study was conducted by using questionnaires, checklists, observation and Interview with structure close ended questionnaire. Data was computed and analyzed using SPSS program version 25.0. Descriptive and inferential statistic was used. Results: The study showed that 55.6% of the participants stated that their areas distance less than 2 km. The majority of the participants 72.4% were obtained their health services by going to the hospital or rural health center. More than two thirds of the participants 66.7% stated that there was transportation mean for health center. The majority of participants 69.7% stated that their families or household having ability to pay the cost of transportation. Only 46.2% of the participants stated that there was health insurance for families. Approximately 96% of the participants had vaccination card explained the vaccination that taken the children less than 2 years. Also 98.5% their child completes the routine vaccination until the date of visit. The majority 93.4% of the participants their child under five obtained any vaccines including that taken in vaccination campaigns or national days for vaccination or during child health days. The majority of the participants 69.1% indicate that their children under 5 previously taken BCG vaccines. More than half of the participants 50.8% stated that their children under 5 infected with diarrhea disease the last 2 weeks. Also 58.3% had children under 5 infected with fever during the last 2 weeks. Less than 50% (45.6%) of the participants their family having bed nets for mosquito control. Only 26.1% of the participants had one sleep under nets last night. The majority of the participants 88% had periodic follow-up during the pregnancy. The most reasons for not follow-up during pregnancy were because the health center is faraway 23.7%, economic barriers 6.3% and family barriers 3%. The participants stated that the tetanus doses coverage was 94%. The most doses of tetanus taken by the participants were five doses 36.3%. Also 56.5% of the participants sated that they were gave any medical care during the first last 6 weeks after last delivery (postnatal). More than 63% of the participants were used contraceptive. The most reasons of not used contraceptive were fear from side effects 24.3%, due to refuse of husband 2.7%, due to culture believes 3.3%, not able to by 2.4% and because of not aware 2.4%. There was association education level of father and periodic follow-up during the pregnancy, p=.000. There was association education level of mother and use of contraceptive, p=.000. There was association between occupation of mother and use of contraceptive, p=.000. there was highly association between children under 5 infected with fever during the last 2 weeks and having any bed nets for mosquito control, p=.002. Conclusion: The results show that coverage of the services provided were moderate which need to be strengthening and provision of resources for rural communities.

Perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mempertahankan kesehatan diri dan keluarga. Tujuan kegiatan pendampingan ini adalah untuk memberikan edukasi dan informasi kepada keluarga angkat mengenai perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di lingkungan keluarga serta pentingnya menerapkan protokol kesehatan di masa pandemi Covid-19 ini. Kegiatan dilaksanakan secara langsung melalui kunjungan lapangan dan secara online dengan melibatkan 6 anggota keluarga angkat. Indikator keberhasilan program dinilai berdasarkan dua parameter yaitu: pelaksanakan program edukasi secara langsung dan peningkatan hasil posttest dibandingkan dengan pretest. Penilaian pelaksanaan program dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kategori yaitu: “Kurang” bila tidak ada indikator keberhasilan yang tercapai; “Cukup” bila satu indikator tercapai; dan “Baik” bila dua indikator tercapai. Hasil kegiatan ini menemukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan nilai postest dibandingkan nilai pretest. Kegiatan juga telah dilakukan secara langsung dan memperoleh respon positif dari keluarga angkat. Berdasarkan hasil ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa program memenuhi indikator yang diharapkan dan termasuk dalam kategori “Baik” karena sudah dilaksanakan secara langsung dan terdapat peningkatan hasil posttest. Walaupun demikian, perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat memerlukan kesadaran diri dari setiap anggota keluarga terutama orang tua sebagai role model bagi anak-anaknya. Perilaku ini juga perlu dilakukan secara konsisten agar mampu mendapatkan hasil yang positif khususnya bagi kesehatan individu dan keluarga.

Electronic Medical Record is a computerized health information system that contains social data and patient medical data, and is equipped with a decision support system. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibiting factors for not implementing electronic medical records in literacy clinics. This research is a qualitative research using triangulation technique using observation, interview and documentation methods. There are 4 informants in this research. The results of the study stated that there were several factors that had not been implemented in the Electronic Medical Record, including inadequate facilities and a network that was difficult to obtain, besides that it was known that there were no officers with a medical record graduate background at the Aksara Clinic. This causes the implementation of medical record tasks to be less than optimal. The method used is correct using the technical instructions for clinical services, but it has not been realized optimally because there are several obstacles. The conclusion of the study is that there are several factors that have not been implemented in the Electronic Medical Record, including man, money, material, machine and methods. The advice given is that medical record officers with medical record graduate backgrounds, increase the number of machines use the internet network at a higher speed, and should implement Electronic Medical Records at the Aksara Clinic in order to achieve better medical records. Abstrak Rekam Medis Elektronik merupakan sistem informasi kesehatan terkomputerisasi yang berisi data sosial dan data medis pasien, serta dilengkapi dengan sistem pendukung keputusan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor penghambat belum diterapkannya rekam medis elektronik di klinik aksara. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif menggunakan teknik triangulasi dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian ini berjumlah 4 orang. Hasil penelitian menyatakan terdapat beberapa faktor belum diterapkannya Rekam Medis Elektronik diantaranya fasilitas yang tidak memadai dan jaringan yang sulit didapat, selain itu diketahui bahwa tidak adanya petugas yang berlatar belakang lulusan rekam medis di Klinik Aksara. Hal ini menyebabkan pelaksanaan tugas rekam medis kurang maksimal. Metode yang digunakan sudah benar menggunakan petunjuk teknis pelayanan Klinik, namun belum terealisasikan secara maksimal dikarenakan terdapat beberapa kendala. Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat beberapa faktor belum diterapkannya Rekam Medis Elektronik diantaranya yaitu manusia, uang, bahan, mesin dan metode. Saran yang diberikan sebaiknya petugas rekam medis berlatar belakang lulusan rekam medis, penambahan jumlah mesin, menggunakan jaringan internet dengan kecepatan yang lebih tinggi, dan sebaiknya menerapkan Rekam Medis Elektronik di Klinik Aksara agar tercapainya rekam medis yang lebih baik.

AbstrakMini Cex adalah salah satu metode penilaian yang dirancang untuk mengukur performa peserta didik dalam pendidikan tahap klinik. Penilaian Mini Cex dilakukan oleh seorang penilai yang sudah dilatih terhadap peserta didik yang berinteraksi langsung dengan pasien, yang terdiri dari tujuh komponen yaitu anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, profesionalisme, clinical judgment, keterampilan konseling, organisasi atau efisiensi dan penilaian secara keseluruhan. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode penilaian ini memiliki validitas dan reabilitas yang baik, selain itu metode ini juga mempunyai beberapa kelebihan dan kekurangan.Kata Kunci : Mini Cex, metode penilaian, pendidikan tahap klinikAbstractMini Cex is one of assessment method designed to measure the performance of students in the clinical stage education. Mini Cex assessment conducted by an assessor who is trained to student who interact directly with patients, There are seven components which will be evaluated : medical interviewing skills, physical examination skills, professionalism, clinical judgment, counseling skills, organization or efficiency and overall clinical competence. Various studies have shown that mini cex has good validity and reliability, besides this method also has some advantages and disadvantages.Key word : mini cex, assessment method, clinical stage education

That was the year that was! 2021 seemingly arrived just yesterday and now we are shortly to bid it farewell. I hailed its predecessor as heralding the hope for a new clarity of vision – the start of a new decade which promised much. However, I have become reminded that perfect 20/20 vision in the present may not necessarily lead to reliable predictions for the future. Further I have immediately been taken back to my undergraduate days and the unforgettable words of the great poet T. S Eliot in his poem Burnt Norton – the first of the four Quartets Time present and time past Are both perhaps present in time future, And time future contained in time past. If all time is eternally present All time is unredeemable. What might have been is an abstraction Remaining a perpetual possibility Only in a world of speculation. What might have been and what has been Point to one end, which is always present They are words that seem to ring particularly true not only to anyone contemplating their remorselessly advancing years and reflecting on a career nearing completion, but they also seem particularly apposite for the experiences of the last two years. The pandemic started by destroying our expectations and predictions for what lay ahead. It ensured that our best laid plans for our immediate futures would remain unfulfilled and thus unredeemable. Subsequently during the year, we were left to speculate as to our future pathways - not only with regard to our professional activities, but also concerning our personal and family relationships – with a whole world of separation between ourselves and those of our kith and kin domiciled in distant lands. Though for some it may have been no more than a regional border! Such forced isolation caused many of us to think backwards as well, reflecting on our past trajectories and recalling both mistakes and successes alike. Yet for many it became a time to substitute the incessant demands of work and its associated travel and busy-ness with former and forgotten pleasures. Leisurely walks with friends and family, the rediscovering of rhythms and tempos unimpeded by the daily demands of our diaries and other extraneous demands on our time that had required us to respond immediately and forgo the immediate needs of the surroundings and people closest to us. Above all, with the future in limbo and the past re-emerging in our minds, it reinforced the realisation that the present is what we really have, and it contains what is most important. For a time, the incessant chatter and noise of the media retained our attention, just as it had dominated our attention at the end of 2019. Yet, somehow during the year, the hype and frenzied reporting seems to have diminished in impact. This was nowhere more evident than in the responses to COP26 – the 26th United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, UK. Items in the press came thick and fast leading up to the event: predictions of planetary doom; political conflicts were highlighted as world leaders met or didn’t meet on the conference stage; appearances by the celebrities of the world; demonstrations aplenty. All of this breathless activity faded imperceptibly out of our consciousness as the serious (but more boring?) negotiations between nations started to take place, with much of the brilliance of the limelight now exhausted. The anticlimactic conclusion was judged by Boris Johnson, the chair and among the most optimistic of politicians, as achieving a 6 out of 10. Several positive outcomes were identified such as: commitments to end deforestation; a global methane pledge; a socalled ‘Breakthrough Agenda’, which committed countries to work together to accelerate the clean energy transition. Yet predictably, this was labelled by the critics and activists as too little too late. Although there are many who would see climate crisis as the major crisis that faces us – there are many other current crises of even more pressing and immediate concern to very many of us. The most urgent of which, would depend upon your own circumstances and where you might find yourself in the world. Examples from recent media would include: the loss of previously taken for granted freedoms in Hong Kong; increased fears for personal safety and the prospect of hunger and poverty in Afghanistan; the loss of political freedoms and the prospects of war in Belarus and the Ukraine; the prospect of secession leading to renewed civil war in Serbia; another military coup in Sudan; civil unrest in Cuba, etc etc.. On a global scale the movement of people leaving failed states and war-torn areas looking for the chance to make a better future, has continued to increase on a scale that the world is quite unable to manage. Sadly, even in the countries that are eagerly sought as destinies, there seem to be endless stories of strife, anxiety and anger to be told. The Economist provides the example of France, the ninth largest economy in the world with the 20th largest population of 67+ million. This pillar of Europe is facing a presidential election. Far from rejoicing in its prosperity, stability and proud history – the mood is sombre. Tune in to any French prime time talk show this autumn, and discussion rages over the country’s wretched decline. France is losing its factories and jobs, squeezing incomes and small businesses, destroying its landscapes and language, neglecting its borders and squandering its global stature. Its people are fractious and divided, if not on the verge of a civil war, as a public letter from retired army officers suggested earlier this year. At the second presidential primary debate for the centre-right Republicans party, on November 14th, the five candidates competed with each other to chronicle French disaster. Listen to the hard right, and it is “the death of France as we know it”. The anxiety is widespread. In a recent poll 75% agreed that France is “in decline”. When asked to sum up their mood in another survey, the French favoured three words: uncertainty, worry and fatigue. So, we are entitled to ask, what is happening in the world as we contemplate the path out of Covid? Should we not be expecting some feeling of optimism and gratitude that modern medicine has provided a way forward out of the pandemic through vaccination and new medical treatments? We should be putting the trials and tribulations of the pandemic behind us, embracing the lessons we have learnt and anticipating the benefits of the reassessments and recalibrations we have undergone over the last two years. Yet instead, we seem to be facing re-entry into a world of strife and dissension. It is a view that that would seem to encourage retreat into the comfort of a limited and familiar space, rather than striking out confidently and optimistically. So, to return to Eliot – perhaps we need to be reminded that the present is all we have. We will only be able to experience our future when we arrive there. Therefore, the pathway we choose to it, should be as smooth, rich and rewarding as possible. It should not be characterised by hedonism but rather by enhancing rather than diminishing the future. Every moment spent devaluing either our future or our past, is a moment that further undermines our present. This last point is particularly true when we fail to see our present in the context of both our past and future. One of the major contributions to this current angst within our societies, appears to be the cultural wars being waged by the warriors of WOKE. Passing judgements on figures from a previous time, without a clear understanding of the context in which they operated makes absolutely no sense. It is akin to a capital punishment abolitionist vilifying the heroes of the French Revolution for allowing Madame Guillotine to be the agent of their retribution against the aristocracy. So, it is with defacing statues of those who lived and acted in far different times and were the product of the dominant values and beliefs of that time. It is indeed an act of vandalism. If we remove all evidence of the history to which such people belonged, how can we expect to learn from that time and ensure that the world does indeed move forward? Although we are talking about the context provided by time – this is equally true of all the contexts in which we currently find ourselves. It is impossible to understand human behaviour without knowing and understanding the context in which it occurs. This is a key principle of the science of human behaviour. Alas it is a principle that has been neglected in the sport sciences in recent years. Whereas research into the physiology, psychology and biomechanics of sport has flourished, too often it is reported in a way that fails to adequately take account of the context in which it occurs. It is why so many findings are ungeneralisable and remain in the laboratory rather than making the journey out onto the playing field of life. Understanding the history and the social context within which sport is practised is essential if scientists and professionals are going to be able to make comparisons between findings gained in different settings. Comparative studies in sport and physical education play an important role in enabling knowledge and understanding about these institutions to be widely shared. Our journal therefore has an important role to play in the development and sharing of knowledge and understanding between scientists and professionals in different settings. This is a role that has been filled by our journal over the last forty-three years. I am pleased to be able to report that the society (ISCPES), following a break of four years in activity, will be meeting again at the end of this year. The meeting which can be attended online will be hosted by Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education in India. Details are provided in this edition, and I commend this important meeting to you. That there is an interest and demand in comparative and international studies is clear from the number of submissions we have been receiving for our journal. The chance to meet with fellow researchers and colleagues in real time, if not actually face to face, is to be welcomed. It is my fervent hope that this will lead to continuing growth in interest in our multidiscipline and internationally focused field. I congratulate the organisers for their initiative. I would also like to pay tribute to former president Dr Walter Ho of the University of Macau, for his role in this as well as for his continuing support of our journal. So, I come to commend to you the contributions of this latest volume. They come from four different continents and as such provide a representative cross section of our readership. The topics about which they write give an example of the range of understanding and practices that can usefully be shared amongst us. In our first paper Croteau, Eduljee and Murphy report on the health, lifestyle behaviours and well-being of international Masters field hockey athletes. The Masters sport movement provides an important example of why sport represents a solid investment in assisting individuals to commit to health supporting physical activity across the lifespan. The study is particularly interesting, as it provides evidence of the broader sense of wellbeing to be gained by ongoing participation and also the fact that this benefit seems to apply even in the geographic and culturally different environments provided by life in Europe, North America and, Asia and the Pacific. Our second paper by Kubayi, Coopoo and Toriola addresses a familiar problem – the breakdown in communication between researchers and scientists in sport and the coaches who work with the athletes. The context for this study is provided by elite performance level sport in South Africa and the sports of soccer, athletics, hockey and netball. It is concluded that the sports scientists and academics need to be encouraged to make their work more available by presenting it more frequently face to face during coaching workshops, seminars, clinics and conferences. However, the caveat is that this needs to be done in a way that is understandable, applicable and relevant to helping the coach make effective decisions and solve problems in a way that benefits the athletes as the end product. A team of medical and pedagogical scientists from Gadjah Mada University in Indonesia provide the Asian input to this volume. They raise a concern over the issue of safety and risk in physical education and how well specialists in the subject are prepared in the area of sport injury management. Hidayat, Sakti, Putro, Triannga, Farkhan, Rahayu and Magetsari collaborated in a survey of 191 physical education teachers. They concluded that there was a need for better and more sustained teacher education on this important topic. PE teacher training should not only upgrade teachers’ knowledge but also increase their self-perceptions of competence. PE teachers should be provided with enhanced training on sports injuries and Basic Life Support (BLS) skills, in order to improve the safety and maximize the benefits of PE classes. It is a finding that could usefully be compared with current practices in other countries and settings, given the common focus in the PE lesson on children performing challenging tasks in widely varying contexts. Our final paper by Rojo, Ribeiro and Starepravo takes a very much broader perspective. Sport migration is a relatively new, specialised but expanding field in sports studies. This paper is however significant not for what it can tell us about current knowledge in sport migration, but rather in what it tells us about the way knowledge is gathered and disseminated in a specialist area such as this. Building on the ideas of Bourdieu, they demonstrate how the field of knowledge is shaped by the key actors in the process and how these key actors serve to gather and use their academic capital in that process. As such fields of knowledge can become artificially constricted in both the spaces and cultures in which they develop. The authors highlight a very real problem in the generation and transmission of academic knowledge, and it is one that International Sports Studies is well positioned to address. In conclusion, may I encourage you in sharing with these papers to actively engage in reflecting on the importance of the varying contexts these authors bring and how sensitivity to this can enlarge and deepen our own practices and understanding. John Saunders Brisbane, November 2021

Sumber daya manusia yang ada di Instalasi Radiologi Rumah Sakit Lancang kuning Pekanbaru masih belum memadai,pendidikan dan pelatihan yang masih jarang dilakukan serta kurangnya motivasi yang diberikan kepada petugas dan SOP yang belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk diketahuinya Analisis Kinerja Petugas DiInstalasi Radiologi Rumah Sakit Lancang Kuning Pekanbaru Tahun 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan metode kualitatif. Informan penelitian berjumlah 4 orang yaitu Informan Utama terdiri dari Kepala Ruangan Radiologi dan Petugas Radiologi dan Informan Penunjang yaitu Direktur Rumah Sakit dan Kepala Bidang Pelayanan Medik atau Penunjang Medik. Hasil penelitian diketahui jumlah SDM yang ada masih belum memadai dan perlu adanya penambahan lagi, pendidikan dan pelatihan hanya berupa seminar-seminar saja karna tidak adanya dana dari rumah sakit untuk melaksanakan pelatihan, motivasi yang diberikan atasan hanya berupa arahan saja tidak diberikan bonus, reward atau insentif kepada petugas, SOP di Instalasi Radiologi sudah ada dan sudah berjalan walaupun belum 100% karena masih terdapat kendala pada alatnya. Diharapakan SDM di Instalasi Radiologi ditambah dan diberikan pelatihan dan pendidikan sesuai kebutuhan, serta peningkatan motivasi kepada petugas. The existing human resources in the Radiology Installation of LancangKuning Hospital in Pekanbaru are still inadequate, education and training are still rarely done as well as the lack of motivation given to officers and Standar Operasional Prosedur that have not been carried out to the fullest. The purpose of this research is to know the Performance Analysis of Radiology Installation Officer at LancangKuning Hospital Pekanbaru in 2020. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative method approach. There were 4 research informants, namely the Main Informant consisting of the Head of the Radiology Room and Radiology Officers and Supporting Informants, namely the Hospital Director and the Head of Medical Services or Medical Support. The results of the study revealed that the number of existing human resources was still inadequate and there was a need for more additions, education and training were only in the form of seminars because there was no funding from the hospital to carry out training, motivation given by superiors was only in the form of directives, not given bonuses, rewards or incentives to officers, Standar operasional prosedur in Radiology Installation already exists and is already running even though it is not yet 100% because there are still problems with the equipment. It is expected that HR in the Radiology Installation will be added and given training and education as needed, as well as increased motivation for officers.

AbstractThe time for providing outpatient medical record documents based on Permenkes No.129, 2008 is 10 minutes starting from the patient registering until the patient's medical record document is provided at the polyclinic. In a preliminary study conducted on 10 medical record documents, there were 7 (70%) whose time of provision of medical record documents was not following minimum service standards. If the time of provision of medical record documents is not improved, it will have an impact on the quality of service and patient satisfaction. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. The population is the number of outpatient visits totaling 85,727 from 13 existing polyclinics. Determination of the sample size using the Slovin formula obtained 100 medical record documents. Determination of samples from 13 polyclinics proportionally. Methods of data collection by observation and interviews. The results of the study showed that the average time for providing medical record documents was 19.94 minutes, not following the established minimum service standards and standard operating procedures. Factors affecting the delay in providing outpatient medical record documents from the 5M models were found to be 2M that had an effect, namely human factors and methods. Human resources in the filling department are only 4 officers (57.14%) of 7 officers who have a diploma education background of three medical records and only 2 officers (28.57%) who have received training in filling management. The method factor, standard operating procedures does not regulate and emphasizes ways, methods, or tools in providing medical record documents at the polyclinic on time according to minimum service standards. The implementation of the standard operating procedures has not yet been evaluated.Keywords: medical records, time providing, 5M AbstrakWaktu penyediaan dokumen rekam medis (DRM) pasien rawat jalan berdasarkan Permenkes No.129, 2008 adalah ≤10 menit dimulai dari pasien mendaftar sampai DRM pasien disediakan di poliklinik. Studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan dari 10 DRM terdapat 7 (70%) yang waktu penyediaan DRM tidak sesuai standar pelayanan minimum (SPM). Jika waktu penyediaan DRM sesuai data tersebut tidak dilakukan perbaikan, akan berdampak pada mutu pelayanan dan kepuasan pasien. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah jumlah DRM kunjungan pasien rawat jalan berjumlah 85.727 dari 13 poliklinik yang ada. Penentuan besar sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin, didapatkan 100 DRM. Penentuan sampel dari 13 poliklinik secara proporsional. Metode pengumpulan data dengan observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian rata-rata waktu penyediaan DRM adalah 19,94 menit, belum sesuai dengan SPM RS dan standar prosedur operasional (SPO) yang sudah ditetapkan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterlambatan penyediaan DRM rawat jalan dari 5M model ditemukan 2 M yang berpengaruh, yaitu faktor manusia dan metode. SDM di bagian filing baru 4 petugas (57,14%) dari 7 petugas yang mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan diploma tiga rekam medis dan hanya 2 petugas (28,57%) yang sudah mendapatkan pelatihan dalam pengelolaan filling. Faktor metode, SPO tidak mengatur dan menekankan cara, metode atau alat dalam menyediakan DRM di poliklinik dengan tepat waktu sesuai SPM. Pelaksanaan SPO juga belum dilakukan evaluasi.Kata Kunci: rekam medis, waktu penyediaan, 5M

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru setelah mendapat program keahlian ganda yang merubah statusnya dari guru adaptif menjadi guru produktif . Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu mengambarkan tingkat kemampuan guru dalam mengajar bidang keahlian baru yang didapat setelah mengikuti Program Keahlian Ganda. Subyek penelitian ini adalah guru yang sudah mengikuti dan sudah lulus Program Keahlian Ganda. Sedangkan objek yang diteliti berada di SMKN I Tampaksiring kabupaten Gianyar Bali. Populasi penelitian adalah guru yang sudah mengikuti PKG dan siswa bidang keahlian yang diajarkan oleh guru tersebut. Data dalam penelitian ini data akan dikumpulkan melalui interview mendalam, observasi kelas, dan studi dokumen. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa kemampuan guru dilihat dari persiapan guru sebelum mengajar adalah dapat menguasai materi pembelajaran , mampu memanfaatkan sumber belajar dalam pembelajaran, dan mampu memberikan gambaran manfaat pembelajaran. Untuk pelaksanaan guru keahlian ganda dalam mengajar memiliki kemampuan dalam menjelaskan materi pembelajaran dari awal sampai akhir. Sedangkan evaluasi hasil analisis kemampuan guru keahlian ganda adalah pertama dengan adanya program keahlian ganda dapat meningkatkan kompetensi keahlian guru dan kedua adanya forum komunikasi antar guru saling berbagi pengalaman dan ilmu. Dalam hal ini tanggapan siswa sangat positif dan antusias dalam pembelajaran di kelas sehingga dapat memahami dan mengerti dengan apa yang diajarkan guru.Kata kunci : guru adapti,guru produktif, keahlian ganda. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of teachers after receiving a dual expertise program that changed their status from adaptive teachers to productive teachers. The research approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, which describes the level of teacher ability in teaching new areas of expertise obtained after participating in the Multiple Skills Program. The subjects of this research are teachers who have attended and have passed the Multiple Expertise Program. While the object under study is at SMKN I Tampaksiring, Gianyar Regency, Bali. The research population is teachers who have participated in PKG and students in the areas of expertise taught by the teacher. The data in this study will be collected through in-depth interviews, class observations, and document studies. From the research conducted, it can be concluded that the teacher's ability seen from the preparation of the teacher before teaching is able to master the learning material, be able to utilize learning resources in learning, and be able to provide an overview of the benefits of learning. For the implementation of dual expertise in teaching teachers have the ability to explain learning material from beginning to end. While the evaluation of the results of the analysis of the ability of dual expertise teachers is firstly the existence of a dual expertise program can improve the competence of teacher skills and secondly there is a communication forum between teachers to share experiences and knowledge. In this case, the students' responses were very positive and enthusiastic in learning in class so that they could understand and understand what the teacher taught. Keywords: adaptive teacher, productive teacher, multiple skills.DAFTAR PUSTAKAAggarwal, P. (2014). Teacher ’ Competencies As Identified By NCTE. 1(6), 252–253.Avidov-Ungar, O., & Forkosh-Baruch, A. (2018). Professional identity of teacher educators in the digital era in light of demands of pedagogical innovation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 73, 183–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.03.017Baitullah, M. J. A., & Wagiran, W. (2019). Cooperation between vocational high schools and world of work: A case study at SMK Taman Karya Madya Tamansiswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 9(3), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v9i3.27719Bunker, D. H. (2012). Teachers’ Orientation To Teaching And Their Perceived Readiness For 21st Century Learners.Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia. (2016). Salinan Inpres Nomer 9 Tahun 2016.pdf.Shernoff, D. J., Sinha, S., Bressler, D. M., & Ginsburg, L. (2017). Assessing teacher education and professional development needs for the implementation of integrated approaches to STEM education. International Journal of STEM Education, 4(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-017-0068-1Sulisworo, D. (2016). The Contribution of the Education System Quality to Improve the Nation’s Competitiveness of Indonesia. Journal of Education and Learning, 10(2), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v10i2.3468Tanang, H., & Abu, B. (2014). Teacher Professionalism and Professional Development Practices in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 3(2), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v3n2p25Team, K. (2017). PROGRAM SERTIFIKASI PENDIDIK DAN SERTIFIKASI KEAHLIAN BAGI GURU SMK/SMA (KEAHLIAN GANDA) (Vol. 1). Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan.

ABSTRACT Background: Tutorial is one of the learning methods that is used in the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) in the medical education. The effectiveness of PBL tutorial discussions is influenced by three basic aspects, i.e. students, tutors, and scenario. The effectiveness of the group tutorial must be ensured because it determines the success of PBL learning in medical education. Research Objective : This study aims to look at the effectiveness of tutorials groups discussion on medical students at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Jambi (FKIK UNJA) based on students’ perceptions. Method : This research is a combination of quantitative research and qualitative research. Quantitative research conducted was a cross sectional study using, using the Tutorial Group Effectiveness Instrument (TGEI) questionnaire. The use of the TGEI questionnaire in this study was to find out the effectiveness of tutorials groups discussion on FKIK UNJA medical students based on students’ perceptions. Furthermore, qualitative research was conducted with focus group discussions (FGD) to confirm and explore students’ perceptions based on the results of the questionnaire analysis. Results : Overall, based on the cognitive, motivational and demotivational aspects, the majority of the effectiveness of tutorial discussion of medical students of FKIK, belongs to moderate category (>95%) based on student perceptions. Conclusion : The results of the study show that the tutorial discussion of medical students of FKIK UNJA was going quite efficient and effective. Keywords : PBL, tutorials, medical students, TGEI ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Tutorial merupakan salah satu metode pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan Problem Based Learning (PBL) di pendidikan kedokteran. Keefektifan diskusi tutorial PBL dipengaruhi oleh tiga aspek dasar yaitu, mahasiswa, tutor, dan skenario. Keefektifan kelompok tutorial harus dipastikan karena menentukan kesuksesan pembelajaran PBL di pendidikan kedokteran. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keefektifan kelompok diskusi tutorial pada mahasiswa kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jambi (FKIK UNJA) berdasarkan persepsi mahasiswa Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan gabungan antara penelitian kuantitatif dan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian kuantitatif yang dilakukan merupakan, studi cross sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner Tutorial Group Effectiveness Instrument (TGEI). Penggunaan kuesioner TGEI pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran keefektifan kelompok diskusi tutorial pada mahasiswa kedokteran FKIK UNJA berdasarkan persepsi mahasiswa. Selanjutnya dilakukan penelitian kualitatif dengan diskusi kelompok terfokus (DKT) untuk mengkonfirmasi dan mengeksplorasi persepsi mahasiswa tersebut berdasarkan hasil analisis kuesioner Hasil: Secara keseluruhan dari segi aspek kognitif , motivasi dan demotivational , berdasarkan persepsi mahasiswa , kefektifan diskusi tutorial mahasiswa kedokteran FKIK masuk dalam kategori sedang (>95%). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diskusi tutorial mahasiswa kedokteran FKIK UNJA sudah berjalan cukup baik dan efektif. Kata kunci: PBL, tutorial, mahasiswa kedokteran, TGEI

Abstract : Education is one thing that is very important and is a necessity for all people to achieve prosperity. The government continues to make improvements by changing policies in education sector, such as the policy of Merdeka Belajar, which means to be free to innovate, learn independently, and be creative. In line with the concept of Merdeka Belajar, the existence of libraries as one of the non-formal education units or public service institutions has a very important role in producing human resources with superior character, intelligence, and competitive. One of the such institutions is the Kerano Kuncoro library. This study aims to describe service quality of the Kerano Kuncoro library in Sri Kuncoro Village, Pondok Kelapa District, Bengkulu Tengah Regency and the efforts made by the Kerano Kuncoro library in improving service quality. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection technique used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the quality of service in Kerano Kuncoro village library is good based on three-dimensional service quality measurements, namely the quality of interaction, the quality of the physical environment, and the quality of results along with their indicators. Even so, there are still some indicators that have not gone as expected, like the limited number of experts in library sector. However, to produce excellent service, the Kerano Kuncoro library makes several efforts such as conducting library promotion activities, developing and enhancing librarian creativity and developing library material collections. This is evidenced by the various awards won by the library at both the district and provincial levels.Keywords: Service Quality, Excellent Service, Village LibraryAbstrak : Pendidikan merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat penting dan menjadi kebutuhan bagi seluruh masyarakat untuk mencapai kesejahteraan. Pemerintah terus melakukan perbaikan dengan cara melakukan perubahan kebijakan-kebijakan di sektor pendidikan. Seperti kebijakan merdeka belajar, yang mempunyai makna untuk bebas berinovasi, belajar dengan mandiri, dan kreatif. Sejalan dengan konsep merdeka belajar, keberadaan perpustakaan sebagai salah satu unit pendidikan non formal/institusi pelayanan publik memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam mencetak SDM yang unggul berkarakter, cerdas, dan berdaya saing. Salah satunya yaitu perpustakaan kerano kuncoro. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kualitas pelayanan perpustakaan desa kerano kuncoro di Desa Sri Kuncoro Kecamatan Pondok Kelapa Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah, serta upaya-upaya yang dilakukan perpustakaan desa kerano kuncoro dalam meningkatkan pelayanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan di perpustakaan desa kerano kuncoro sudah baik dengan pengukuran kualitas pelayanan melalui tiga dimensi yaitu kualitas interaksi, kualitas lingkungan fisik dan kualitas hasil beserta indikatornya. Meskipun ada beberapa indikator yang belum berjalan sesuai harapan pengunjung. Seperti terbatasnya tenaga ahli di bidang perpustakaan. Namun dalam meningkatkan kualitas pelayanannya sehingga menghasilkan pelayanan yang prima, perpustakaan kerano kuncoro melakukan beberapa upaya seperti melakukan kegiatan promosi perpustakaan, melakukan pengembangan dan peningkatan kreatifitas pemustaka dan melakukan pengembangan koleksi bahan pustaka. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan berbagai penghargaan yang diraih oleh perpustakaan kerano kuncoro baik tingkat kabupaten maupun provinsi.  Kata kunci: Kualitas Pelayanan, Pelayanan Prima, Perpustakaan Desa

Upaya pengelolaan sampah medis laboratorium bertujuan untuk melindungi masyarakat dari bahaya pencemaran lingkungan yang bersumber dari sampah. Hal ini dikarenakan sampah laboratorium klinik dapat dianggap sebagai matarantai penyebaran penyakit menular. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap karyawan dengan pengelolaan sampah medis di Labolatorium Klinik Prodia Cabang Tegal.Jenis penelitian yaitu deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Metode pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan wawancara dibantu dengan kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh karyawan Labolatorium Klinik Prodia Cabang Tegal sebanyak 22 orang dengan sampel penelitian total sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil penelitian ada hubungan pengetahuan pvalue=0,006, dan ada hubungan sikap pvalue=0,015 dengan pengelolaan sampah medis di Labolatorium Klinik Prodia Cabang Tegal. Sebaiknya Perusahaan Labolatorim Klinik Prodia lebih meningkatkan lagi pengelolaan sampah medis yang sudah baik menjadi sangat baik dengan cara sosialisasi SOP, Intruksi Kerja, Pedoman Kerja dilakukan secara berkala dan lomba membuat mading Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3), buat kuiz tentang pengelolaan sampah medis dua kali dalam setahun. Dan memberikan edukasi pengelolaan sampah medis dan berupaya meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikapnya terhadap pengelolaan sampah medis.Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, sikap, pengelolaan sampah medis Abstract Laboratory medical waste management efforts aim to protect the public from the dangers of environmental pollution originating from waste. This is because clinical laboratory waste can be considered as a chain for the spread of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of employees with medical waste management at the Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Tegal Branch.This type of research is descriptive-analytic with cross-sectional design. Methods of collecting data using interviews assisted by questionnaires. The population in this study were all 22 employees of the Prodia Clinical Laboratory Tegal Branch with a total sampling of research samples. Data analysis using chi-square test.The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between knowledge, p-value = 0.006, and attitude, p-value = 0.015, with medical waste management at the Prodia Clinic Laboratory, Tegal Branch. It is recommended that the Prodia Clinic Laboratory Company further improve the management of medical waste that is already good to be very good by socializing SOPs, Work Instructions, Work Guidelines carried out regularly and competitions to make Health and Safety (K3) posters, create quizzes on medical waste management twice in a year. And provide education on medical waste management and seek to improve their knowledge and attitudes towards medical waste management.Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, medical waste management