Journal articles on the topic 'Medical economics Kenya'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Medical economics Kenya.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Medical economics Kenya.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Mogoa, Louiza, and Jeremiah Koori. "Shared Service Centers and Financial Performance of Panafrican Equipment Group in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 3, no. 2 (October 4, 2021): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v3i2.192.
Full textAbstract:
Modern firms have realised the need to take advantage of the opportunities in the emerging markets the concept of centralisation and co sharing of service providers gave rise to Shared Services (SS) and Shared Services Centres (SSC). However, little has been done in sub-Saharan Africa. This study sought to address this gap. For this reason, this study seeks to by determine the effects of shared service centres and financial performance of pan African equipment group in Kenya. The study specifically determined the effects of procurement shared services, finance shared services, inventory management shared services and ICT shared services on financial performance of Pan African equipment group in Kenya. The study was anchored on three theories namely: Transaction Cost Economics Theory, Resource Based View Theory as well as Agency Theory. The study adopted descriptive research design on 137 top-level management staff from the four sectors (mining & mineral processing, civil and infrastructure, power and energy and agriculture & forestry) of operating Pan African equipment group in Kenya. For selecting a sample of 86 participants, stratified random sampling method was used. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The tool of studies was tested. The study used both face and content validity to assess the validity of the research tool while testing the accuracy of the research tool using the alpha (α) coefficient of Cronbach. The research considered a coefficient of 0.6 or more to be sufficient. Research information, including mean results, normal deviation and frequencies, was analysed using descriptive statistics. Analysis of conceptual material was also used for primary data analysis. Regression analysis was also used to analyse the effects finance shared services, inventory management shared services and ICT shared services on financial performance of Pan African equipment group in Kenya. Finally, the research considered ethical considerations where the permission to carry the study was obtained from the company and respective government bodies. The study concluded that Pan African Group significantly embraced procurement, finance, inventory management and ICT shared services. The study concluded that the firm by sharing procurement services it centralized and enhanced efficiency of purchases, pricing, supplier evaluation and quality control which contributed to peak performance. It was further concluded that to a significant extent finance shared services influenced financial performance of the firm. It was concluded that sharing of inventory management services at the firm enhanced effective and efficient inventory planning, costing, quantity and quality management and material optimization hence improving financial performance. It was concluded that database management, automation of processes, information security and network and facilities management services affected financial performance of the firm. It was recommended that enhancing more shared service centres will improve efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery and customer service.
2
Mogoa, Louiza, and Jeremiah Koori. "Shared Service Centers and Financial Performance of Panafrican Equipment Group in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 3, no. 2 (October 4, 2021): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v3i2.192.
Full textAbstract:
Modern firms have realised the need to take advantage of the opportunities in the emerging markets the concept of centralisation and co sharing of service providers gave rise to Shared Services (SS) and Shared Services Centres (SSC). However, little has been done in sub-Saharan Africa. This study sought to address this gap. For this reason, this study seeks to by determine the effects of shared service centres and financial performance of pan African equipment group in Kenya. The study specifically determined the effects of procurement shared services, finance shared services, inventory management shared services and ICT shared services on financial performance of Pan African equipment group in Kenya. The study was anchored on three theories namely: Transaction Cost Economics Theory, Resource Based View Theory as well as Agency Theory. The study adopted descriptive research design on 137 top-level management staff from the four sectors (mining & mineral processing, civil and infrastructure, power and energy and agriculture & forestry) of operating Pan African equipment group in Kenya. For selecting a sample of 86 participants, stratified random sampling method was used. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The tool of studies was tested. The study used both face and content validity to assess the validity of the research tool while testing the accuracy of the research tool using the alpha (α) coefficient of Cronbach. The research considered a coefficient of 0.6 or more to be sufficient. Research information, including mean results, normal deviation and frequencies, was analysed using descriptive statistics. Analysis of conceptual material was also used for primary data analysis. Regression analysis was also used to analyse the effects finance shared services, inventory management shared services and ICT shared services on financial performance of Pan African equipment group in Kenya. Finally, the research considered ethical considerations where the permission to carry the study was obtained from the company and respective government bodies. The study concluded that Pan African Group significantly embraced procurement, finance, inventory management and ICT shared services. The study concluded that the firm by sharing procurement services it centralized and enhanced efficiency of purchases, pricing, supplier evaluation and quality control which contributed to peak performance. It was further concluded that to a significant extent finance shared services influenced financial performance of the firm. It was concluded that sharing of inventory management services at the firm enhanced effective and efficient inventory planning, costing, quantity and quality management and material optimization hence improving financial performance. It was concluded that database management, automation of processes, information security and network and facilities management services affected financial performance of the firm. It was recommended that enhancing more shared service centres will improve efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery and customer service.
3
Willys Ochieng Odhoch, Ian Onyango Omuom, and Agnes Wanjiku Ndirangu. "Management of SARS nCoV 2 in prison settings: Lessons from Migori GK Prison, Kenya." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.11.2.0109.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Conditions within prisons and high human traffic fuels spread of outbreaks within prisons. Security and ethical-legal dilemma complicates patient management in prisons. Purpose: Assess treatment and isolation outcomes of patients admitted in the prison treatment units. Methods: Cross-sectional and cohort retrospective designs were adopted. All those who tested positive were recruited. Top officials and healthcare workers seconded to prison treatment center were respectively identified for key informant interviews and focused group discussions. Data collection: Data on treatment outcomes was abstracted from medical records while data on staff perception was collected using focused group discussions and key informant interviews. Data analysis: Data was managed in R version R-4.0.3 and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used, summaries were presented in frequency tables and graphs. Results: 117 patients had been admitted into the treatment unit with all being males save for one female. The average length of stay was 18 days. There was an inverse correlation between age and length of stay. (-0.1092). There was observed reduced security risks and cross-infection amongst prison wardens compared to when prisoners were being transferred to the general treatment units. Discussion: Improved patients outcomes with reduced risks of cross-infections amongst prisoners, staffs and staffs to family members enhanced confidence of health care workers. Ethical and legal dilemmas of detaining rumandees released on cash-bail remained a key challenge. Conclusion: Management of outbreaks within prison settings has more benefits compared to when inmate patients are transferred to general treatment centers. Recommendation: Benefits of managing outbreaks within areas of confinement outweighs risks of otherwise. Thus we recommend management of similar cases within prisons.
4
Mueni Matheka, Hyrine, Ellen E.P.W.A. Jansen, and Adriaan W.H.A Hofman. "PhD Students’ Background and Program Characteristics as Related to Success in Kenyan Universities." International Journal of Doctoral Studies 15 (2020): 057–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4467.
Full textAbstract:
Aim/Purpose: Kenya plans to be a middle-income country by the year 2030. To achieve this development target, the country has rapidly expanded its university sub-sector in order to produce the requisite skilled professionals. This has put a strain on the available PhD holders thus heightening the pressure on universities to produce more PhD graduates to meet the required larger pool of highly qualified professionals to service the academia and other sectors of the economy. However, the PhD graduation rate per year is very low and unexplained. This study sought to explain the factors influencing PhD success rates in Kenyan universities. Background: This cross-sectional study set out to establish how PhD students’ background and program characteristics are related to their success. This knowledge will inform policies and strategies to enhance PhD training and success in Kenya. Methodology: Data on 1,992 PhD students was collected from 10 universities by using the Microsoft Excel data tool to collect administrative data. The researchers utilized the data collection to construct a quantitative research design. The PhD students were enrolled in the following program domains/clusters: Humanities and Social Sciences, Business and Economics, Physical and Life Sciences, Applied Sciences and Medical Sciences. Contribution: PhD success factors have been extensively studied in developed countries. This paper builds on this body of knowledge with a specific focus on developing countries like Kenya. Findings: Students’ background characteristics (age, nationality, gender, financial support and marital statuses) were not related to PhD students’ success, however, full-time employed PhD students had better progression than their part-time colleagues. Program characteristics (program cluster and mode of study) were significantly related to students’ success. Students who had delayed for two years or more years had limited chance to graduate. Recommendations for Practitioners: To improve the PhD education system, practitioners should endeavor to monitor and track the progress of their PhD students. To do this, the researchers recommend that the universities collect and keep good records of these types of data. Universities should come up with strategies to build on or mitigate against the factors that have been identified to influence PhD success. Recommendation for Researchers: The researchers recommend further research, especially in developing countries, to understand the PhD study systems and inform effective interventions. Impact on Society: To identify, conceptualize or mitigate against the factors which influence PhD success lead to higher success in PhD training in order to enhance knowledge to solve societal problems. Future Research: Further research is recommended especially in the context of developing countries to establish how supervisor–student interactions, availability of infrastructural resources, and students’ motivation, efficacy and well-being relate to PhD success in Kenyan universities
5
Jakinda Otieno, David. "Consumer willingness to pay for fair-trade attributes of goat meat in Kenya: A choice experiment analysis." African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 15, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 372–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53936/afjare.2020.15(4).24.
Full textAbstract:
Fair trade is an important ethical concern in the food value chains of developed countries. However, there is a dearth of empirical insights into consumer preferences for this critical aspect in the domestic markets of developing countries. The current study analysed consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for fair-trade attributes in the goat meat value chain in Nairobi, Kenya. Choice experiment data from 270 randomly sampled consumers was analysed using the random parameter logit (RPL) model. The results show that 56% of the consumers were aware of the fair-trade concept and 64% of them were willing to pay for fair-trade-compliant practices. Specifically, consumers were willing to pay a premium of 62% to prevent child labour, 45% to support provision of medical insurance for workers in the meat value chain, 40% for direct purchase from producers, 39% for fair-trade labelling and 30% to support disabled people as part of corporate social responsibility
6
Ogali, Irene N., Lucy W. Wamuyu, Jacqueline K. Lichoti, Erick O. Mungube, Bernard Agwanda, and Sheila C. Ommeh. "Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus from Backyard Poultry Farms and Live Bird Markets in Kenya." International Journal of Microbiology 2018 (August 5, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2368597.
Full textAbstract:
Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious disease of poultry that causes significant economic losses. Despite rampant ND outbreaks that occur annually in Kenya, the information about the NDV circulating in Kenya is still scarce. We report the first countrywide study of NDV in Kenya. Our study is aimed at evaluating the genetic characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses obtained from backyard poultry in farms and live bird markets in different regions of Kenya. We sequenced and analyzed fusion (F) protein gene, including the cleavage site, of the obtained viruses. We aligned and compared study sequences with representative NDV of different genotypes from GenBank. The fusion protein cleavage site of all the study sequences had the motif 112RRQKRFV118 indicating their velogenic nature. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NDV from various sites in Kenya was highly similar genetically and that it clustered together with NDV of genotype V. The study samples were 96% similar to previous Ugandan and Kenyan viruses grouped in subgenotype Vd This study points to possible circulation of NDV of similar genetic characteristics between backyard poultry farms and live bird markets in Kenya. The study also suggests the possible spread of velogenic NDV between Kenya and Uganda possibly through cross-border live bird trade. Our study provides baseline information on the genetic characteristics of NDV circulating in the Kenyan poultry population. This highlights the need for the ND control programmes to place more stringent measures on cross-border trade of live bird markets and poultry products to prevent the introduction of new strains of NDV that would otherwise be more difficult to control.
7
Mutuma, J., J. Wakhungu, and C. Mutai. "The socio economic effect of cancer on patients’ livelihoods in Kenyan house holds." BIBECHANA 14 (November 28, 2016): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v14i0.15412.
Full textAbstract:
The study assessed The socio economic effect of cancer on patients’ livelihoods in kenyan households. In Kenya, cancer is ranked third among the main causes of death after infectious and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, cases of cancer in Kenya have increased creating a burden on many households. This has negatively impacted on poverty alleviation and sustainable development in the long run. A Sample of 245 patients seeking treatment in the three major oncology centers in the country namely Kenyatta National and Referal Hospital, Moi Teaching and Referal Hospital and Agakhan University Hospital was used. Data was collected through self-administered questionares, Focus groups discussions and key informant interviews. A triangulation approach involving in-depth interview using questionnaires as the main collection instrument for key informants were carried out. Secondary data was collected through case study, review of documents, reports and publications related to the topic and online journals. Chi square was used to test the independence of variables. The result revealed poverty, late and poor cancer diagnosis and lack of medical cover were found to be the top ranking serious challenges facing cancer patients in the country. Cross-sectional survey, correlational and evaluation research designs were adopted for the study. Both non-probability sampling and probabilistic sampling methods were used in selecting subjects seeking treatment at the three main oncology centers in Kenya. BIBECHANA 14 (2017) 37-47
8
Githii, John. "DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN BRITAIN AND KENYA." European Journal of Historical Research 1, no. 1 (September 28, 2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ejhr.795.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Kenya’s foreign policy has largely rested with the presidency as has been shown by the analysis of the Uhuru Kenyatta Regimes. The general objective of the study was to examine diplomatic relations between Britain and Kenya.
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: The study concludes that Kenya and Britain established diplomatic relations in pursuit of their respective interests in line with the Realist tradition. The diplomatic relations led to the two countries signing treaties and conventions as provided for in Article 2(6) of the constitution. Both countries keep defining and redefining their national interest. Public officers have benefited from training in Britain including doctors who have acquired specialized medical training and skills that have benefited Kenya. Military relations between these two countries have played a role in determining economic, trade, diplomatic and political relations. It was also revealed that Britain has maintained its economic interests since the colonial period to date.
Recommendations: The study recommends that there is need for Kenya to strengthen its relations with Britain especially in the areas of economic development as Britain is one of the key investors and trading partners of Kenya. This would be achieved by the country’s Foreign Ministry negotiating deals that will benefit the country. Kenya should also ensure that the British military base in Laikipia trains Kenyan soldiers on the military tactics applied by Britain to ensure they improve the security within the Country and across the borders. This would ensure they minimize the terrorist threats that the country faces. The political relations should be used as a bench mark to ensure that Kenya has the best governance structure that will promote ethical leadership, eliminate corruption and compel the leaders to be accountable to the citizenry. This will ensure that resources are channeled and used in the right sectors for development.
9
Muturi, John Kihuria, and Farida Abdul. "Social Economic Attributes and Tax Compliance by Individual Taxpayers in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 4, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v4i1.232.
Full textAbstract:
Tax revenues are crucial financial resources for any economy and plays a key role in economic development. In Kenya tax revenues are the major source of government budgetary resources besides other sources such as grants and loans. The average GDP growth rate in Kenya from FY 2006/17 to FY 2016/17 has been 5.6 percent which is higher than the global GDP growth rate of 2.3 percent. Conversely, Kenya’s tax revenue has not grown at the same pace as the economic growth. Weaknesses in revenue performance have triggered fiscal pressures. Budget deficits have fueled external borrowing amid efforts for the country to capitalize on domestic resource mobilization. Social economic attributes are crucial with regards to tax compliance by individual taxpayers since individual taxpayers have to be aware as well as being sensitive to tax legislation for them to be tax compliant. This study was set out to ascertain effects of taxpayer knowledge, tax complexity and individual taxpayer`s characteristics on tax compliance by individual taxpayers in Kenya. The study further sought to ascertain the moderating effect of tax penalties on relationship between social economic attributes and tax compliance by individual taxpayers in Kenya. The study was anchored on Social Learning Theory, Economic Deterrence Theory and Theory of planned behavior. Cross sectional descriptive research design was adopted in this study. This study targeted the individual taxpayers who were registered with KRA. The study targeted on 4806 staff from five Public Universities in Nairobi City County. Researcher used primary data which was gathered through administering questionnaires to respondents. Data collected was analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The results postulated that tax knowledge had a significant effect on tax compliance by individual taxpayers in Kenya. The study also found that tax complexity had a significant effect on tax compliance by individual taxpayers in Kenya. In addition, individual taxpayer’s characteristics had a significant effect on tax compliance by individual taxpayers in Kenya. Further, the study found tax penalties had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between social economic attributes and tax compliance by individual taxpayers in Kenya. The study found that the taxpayers sought tax consultants to file their returns. The study moreover found that the taxpayers did not seek updates regarding changes in tax law and regulations and were not conversant with Income Tax Act CAP 470. The study therefore recommends that KRA should educate the public regarding to any changes in tax laws and also ameliorate the readability of the tax laws hence reduce the complexity of the tax law. For KRA to achieve their target compliance level, there is need to have taxpayers understand the reasons why need to pay tax on time. KRA should sensitize the taxpayers on the importance of paying tax via civic education.
10
Muthini, Jeniffer Muendi, and Fredrick W. S. Ndede. "Socio-Economic Factors and Table Banking Loans Default Levels Among Women Groups in Machakos County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v4i1.235.
Full textAbstract:
Defaulting on a loan happens when one fails to make sufficient payments for an extended period. Lenders will deem a loan in default when the borrower haven’t paid the minimum required payment for a certain number of months as detailed in the loan contract. Loan defaults can happen with any type of loan, table banking being one of them. In Kenya as in most developing countries, table banking has been recognized and accepted by development agencies and the government as effective tool for economic development poverty alleviation and industrialization. It’s a proven method for women to spearhead their finances and experience economic perks through organized and calculated means. However, despite of their important role many of these table banking programs have collapsed because of problems in repayment. The general study objective was to investigate the effect of social economic factors on Table Banking loans default among Women in Machakos county, Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the relationship between level of income, literacy level, borrowing experience as well as household demand and Table Banking loans default level among Women in Machakos County, Kenya. The study design was descriptive with a target population consisting of 22,500 women contained in all the 1500 women groups in Machakos County. A sample size of 384 women group members was selected through simple random sampling technique. Primary data on the selected women from the women groups were collected using structured questionnaires. The response rate was 342 women representing 89 percent. Data was analyzed using frequency distribution, chi-square tests and regression analysis. It was disclosed that there was a negative but significant association between level of income, literacy level, borrowing experience and household demand and table banking loan default level by women in women groups. Demographic factors also had a negative but significant relationship with table banking loan default level among women in women groups in Machakos County. For practice the study recommended that: Firstly, women should engage in extra financial activities to increase their income level. Secondly the uptake of loans should be with the reason of income generation and not necessarily meeting the households’ needs. This will ensure that the loans taken will be regenerated to assure repayment in time and minimize defaulting of the table banking loans. Thirdly the government should enhance entrepreneurship and financial management trainings including incorporating it through formal education. This study focused on socio-economic factors influence on women's default table banking loans, therefore, other influential factors and disciplines should be studied to useful to reduce the defaulting of table banking loans. The study was limited in Machakos County. Low biasness can be attained for all the Kenyan women groups, therefore, a study focusing on other locations and larger spheres of the population of the study should be done, that is, in county, regional and national levels.
11
Ogira, Dosila, Ipchita Bharali, Joseph Onyango, Wenhui Mao, Kaci Kennedy McDade, Gilbert Kokwaro, and Gavin Yamey. "Identifying the impact of COVID-19 on health systems and lessons for future emergency preparedness: A stakeholder analysis in Kenya." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 12 (December 21, 2022): e0001348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001348.
Full textAbstract:
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has triggered a public health and economic crisis in high and low resource settings since the beginning of 2020. With the first case being discovered on 12th March 2020, Kenya has responded by using health and non-health strategies to mitigate the direct and indirect impact of the disease on its population. However, this has had positive and negative implications for the country’s overall health system. This paper aimed to understand the pandemic’s impact and develop lessons for future response by identifying the key challenges and opportunities Kenya faced during the pandemic. We conducted a qualitative study with 15 key informants, purposefully sampled for in-depth interviews from September 2020 to February 2021. We conducted direct content analysis of the transcripts to understand the stakeholder’s views and perceptions of how COVID-19 has affected the Kenyan healthcare system. Most of the respondents noted that Kenya’s initial response was relatively good, especially in controlling the pandemic with the resources it had at the time. This included relaying information to citizens, creating technical working groups and fostering multisectoral collaboration. However, concerns were raised regarding service disruption and impact on reproductive health, HIV, TB, and non-communicable diseases services; poor coordination between the national and county governments; shortage of personal protective equipment and testing kits; and strain of human resources for health. Effective pandemic preparedness for future response calls for improved investments across the health system building blocks, including; human resources for health, financing, infrastructure, information, leadership, service delivery and medical products and technologies. These strategies will help build resilient health systems and improve self-reliance, especially for countries transitioning from donor aid such as Kenya in the event of a pandemic.
12
Tibi, George, Bonareri Regina, Winstone Okumu, Kainde Musyoka, Candy Anyango, and Ben Mutiria. "SOCIAL-ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING BLENDED LEARNING AMONG STUDENTS IN KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE." American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice 7, no. 11 (October 13, 2022): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.1229.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The objective was to determine the social-economic factors influencing blended learning among students in Kenya Medical Training College
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was done. In the KMTC campuses the average student population is thirty thousand (30,000). The research used simple random sampling in the selected campuses. The sample size was 384. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics whereas qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Qualitative data was transformed into themes and analyzed with the helped of SPSS version 25. Collected data was edited, sorted, cleaned and coded for data analysis.
Findings: The study concluded that Proficiency in the use of a learning device and cost are major challenges that hinder success of blended learning. Most respondents feel that blended learning is expensive. The study also concluded that students have devices that they can use for online learning and that students can access the college e-learning platform on season basis,
Unique contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that the institutions should Strengthening of campus internet services to support E learning. The study further recommended that the policy on delivery of learning instructions and materials should be reviewed to reflect the changing times. Further, policy makers need to consider the characteristics of the learners and trainers so as to reduce the barriers to successful implementation of blended learning by applying different strategies to each category of adopters.
13
Kirui, Zacchaeus Cheruiyot, Eddie Simiyu, and Dominic Ngaba. "Personal Financial Management Practices and Demographic Factors on Financial Wellbeing of Medical Doctors Employed in Public Hospitals Nairobi County, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 3, no. 2 (October 9, 2021): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v3i2.193.
Full textAbstract:
Financial wellbeing is very important in both a personal and organizational level. Medical doctors are among the well-remunerated workers in Kenya. However, according to Kenya Medical Association 2017 financial information, it indicates that 70% of medical doctors employed under public hospitals in Nairobi City County Kenya are struggling financially. This study sought to determine the impact of financial knowledge on financial wellbeing of medical doctors employed in public hospitals Nairobi County, to determine the effect of demographic factors on financial wellbeing of medical doctors working in public hospitals Nairobi City County, to establish the effect of financial disposition and budgeting habits on financial wellbeing of medical doctors employed in public hospitals Nairobi County, to find out the effect of financial saving behavior on financial wellbeing of medical doctors employed in public hospitals Nairobi County and to define the moderating effect of economic condition on the association between personal financial management and financial wellbeing of medical doctors employed in public hospitals Nairobi County, Kenya. This study was anchored on Keynesian absolute income hypothesis, Prospect theory, Lifecycle savings theory, Permanent income hypothesis, Relative income hypothesis, and Savings and investment hypothesis. This study used descriptive research design and data was collected from a target population of 259 doctors employed by the Nairobi City County government. The Yamane formula was used to obtain the sample size. Primary information assembly was done utilizing a semi-structured survey provided to the specialists through dropping and picking later strategy. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the gathered information; mean, mode, middle, standard deviation, tables, figures, rates, and frequencies. The relationship between the variables was established by the use of inferential statistics. The knowledge of financial products (b=.354, t = 5.429, P<0.05), financial disposition and budgetary habits (b=.117, t = 2.397, P=.018), and financial saving behavior (b=.110, t = 5.316, P<0.05) had a positive statistically significant association with financial well-being of doctors. A unit increase in personal financial management increased financial wellness by 0.104 (b= .104, t=5.089, P<0.01) and was not moderated by the economic condition of doctors statistically significantly, P=.811. This study concluded that personal financial management was a predictor for financial wellbeing of doctors employed in public hospitals Nairobi City County. Overall, as personal financial management increased, the financial wellbeing increased. The recommendation was that training programs on financial products and diversification of investments are needed for medical doctors at the County level, as a large proportion of medical doctors did not own financial products nor attended training on personal financial management.
14
Evens, Emily, Michele Lanham, Kate Murray, Samwel Rao, Kawango Agot, Eunice Omanga, and Harsha Thirumurthy. "Use of Economic Compensation to Increase Demand for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Kenya." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 72 (October 2016): S316—S320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000001047.
Full text
15
Calisti, Roberto, and Ellen Alexandra Holtmaat. "Do Sustainability Standards Exclude Small Farms? Modelling the Kenyan Floricultural Sector." Earth 2, no. 4 (November 4, 2021): 871–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth2040051.
Full textAbstract:
This study simultaneously addresses two issues: (a) defining what counts as ‘small farms’ in the rose sector, taking the geographical and socioeconomic context into account and (b) whether the requests for certification form barriers for small farms. We focus on small farms, as they are of fundamental importance for social and economic development and significantly contribute to the environmental sustainability of agriculture and land use. An agent-based model is used for analyzing an agricultural production and supply chain. The model identifies the minimum farm size needed to cover increased costs due to sustainability certifications. The model is applied to the case study of rose production in Kenya. Kenya is one of the world’s leading flower producers. Almost all Kenya’s floricultural production is exported, and the export of stem roses accounts for about 80% by weight of Kenya’s floricultural exports. Environmental and social sustainability certification is increasingly required for farms, especially those in developing countries that want to export their products. Our findings suggest that sustainability standards disadvantage small Kenyan rose farms and constitute a further obstacle to their entry into the international rose market. In this specific context, standards limit market access for farms smaller than 4 hectares. The agent-based model proposed in this study can be adjusted to help determine the definition of ‘small farms’ in need of extra support in other sectors.
16
Koros, Hillary, Ellen Nolte, Jemima Kamano, Richard Mugo, Adrianna Murphy, Violet Naanyu, Ruth Willis, et al. "Understanding the treatment burden of people with chronic conditions in Kenya: A cross-sectional analysis using the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-Management (PETS) questionnaire." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 1 (January 17, 2023): e0001407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001407.
Full textAbstract:
In Kenya, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality, requiring both better access to health care services and self-care support. Evidence suggests that treatment burdens can negatively affect adherence to treatment and quality of life. In this study, we explored the treatment and self-management burden among people with NCDs in in two counties in Western Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of people newly diagnosed with diabetes and/or hypertension, using the Patient Experience with Treatment and Self-Management (PETS) instrument. A total of 301 people with diabetes and/or hypertension completed the survey (63% female, mean age = 57 years). They reported the highest treatment burdens in the domains of medical and health care expenses, monitoring health, exhaustion related to self-management, diet and exercise/physical therapy. Treatment burden scores differed by county, age, gender, education, income and number of chronic conditions. Younger respondents (<60 years) reported higher burden for medication side effects (p<0.05), diet (p<0.05), and medical appointments (p = 0.075). Those with no formal education or low income also reported higher burden for diet and for medical expenses. People with health insurance cover reported lower (albeit still comparatively high) burden for medical expenses compared to those without it. Our findings provide important insights for Kenya and similar settings where governments are working to achieve universal health coverage by highlighting the importance of financial protection not only to prevent the economic burden of seeking health care for chronic conditions but also to reduce the associated treatment burden.
17
Njoroge, Geofrey Muturi, Jeremiah Koori, and Fredrick Warui. "Financing Options and Growth Rate of Real Estate Development Companies in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 3, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v3i2.201.
Full textAbstract:
Financing decisions have been a challenge to real estate developers in Kenya. This is because, real estate investments are perceived to be capital intensive in nature. It is expected that real estate sector should develop in line with population increases which characterises most emerging economies. However, the provision of housing units per year is below the demand. In Nairobi region the demand for housing is 200,000 units per year while the actual production is estimated to be 50,000 units annually thus outlining a shortage of 150,000 units. Past studies indicate that where a robust financial market prevails, investors are able to access funds for investment projects. This current study seeks to establish the effect of financing option on real estate growth in Kenya. The specific objectives were; to determine the effect of mortgage financing on growth rate of real estate development companies in Kenya, to find out the effect of retained earnings on growth rate of real estate development companies in Kenya, to establish the effect of private equity on growth rate of real estate development companies in Kenya, to determine the effect of joint venture on growth rate of real estate development companies in Kenya and assess the moderating effect of firm size on relationship between financing options and growth rate of real estate development companies in Kenya. This study was be anchored by the following theories namely: lien theory of mortgages, pecking order theory, transaction costs theory, resource dependency theory and housing cycle theory. The target population of this study comprised of all the seventy-two companies who are members of the Kenya Property Developers Association (KPDA). The sample size comprised of twenty three companies which was thirty percent of the sample frame. The sample size was selected using simple random sampling design. This study used descriptive research design with a regression model with the regressor being real estate growth rate which was expressed in growth rates of housing units for each firm. Therefore, this study followed panel data analysis as individual firm data was collected for a time span of five years 2014 to 2018. Results showed that mortgage financing positively but insignificantly affected growth rates of real estate development companies in Kenya. Further results showed that retained earnings as source of financing option impaired significantly growth rates of real estate development companies. Private equity was found to improve growth rates of real estate development companies significantly. Joint venture too positively but insignificantly influenced growth rates of real estate development companies in Kenya. Lastly, firm size was found to be a non-moderator but rather an explanatory variable and impaired growth rates in a significant manner. This study recommended that real estate development companies should increase use of private equity in financing housing projects as this increases growth rates of the entities.
18
Mohamed, Adankhalif Issack, and Daniel Makori. "Strategic Financial Practices and Funding Sustainability of Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya: A Case of Islamic Relief Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 4, no. 2 (May 14, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v4i2.248.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable funding assist various NGO's implements several programmatic interventions that not only assist the societies but will equally improve the living standard. But global funding has been in one way or the other affected by harsh economic times. A number of NGOs are stopping operations every day because they don't have sustainable funding. Many new NGOS are falling into the financial un-sustainability pitfall since they are in operation for a few years and then disappear. NGOS' failure to sustain their work arise from various inadequacies and majorly, the lack of financial resources. The general study objective was to establish the strategic financial practices and funding sustainability of Kenyan NGOs with specific reference to Islamic Relief Kenya. Descriptive research design was adapted. The target population was 224 staffs including the management both top and middle level and operational staff team of the Islamic Relief Kenya in Nairobi. Sixty-seven respondents were picked using stratified proportionate random sampling technique and data obtained by questionnaires. Inferential statistics included regression and correlation. The data variable was factored in the multiple regression model. The study found that own income generation contributed the least followed by income diversification and then financial planning while donor fund management contributed most to funding sustainability of nongovernmental. The study found that income diversification played a significant role as it fuels growth through corporate donor sourcing. The study also found that donor fund management played a significant role as evidenced by the information management which affects most and maintaining regular meaningful communications with their donors. The study further found that financial planning systems played a critical role mostly in preparation of budget control which contributed to financial planning as tool for enhancing sustainability. The study recommends that the NGO should hire skilled and competent staffs so that fair financial planning is achieved, the skilled staffs should have understanding in the areas of financial analysis, implementation of plan and budget control. The management team of NGO should find other ways to increase their income from their current source hence to increase income diversification. Through information management, the organization should ensure enhance communication and accountability to maintain a good relationship with the donors. The management should also participate more in income generating activities to enhance accountability.
19
Thirumurthy, Harsha, Samuel H. Masters, Samwel Rao, Megan A. Bronson, Michele Lanham, Eunice Omanga, Emily Evens, and Kawango Agot. "Effect of Providing Conditional Economic Compensation on Uptake of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision in Kenya." JAMA 312, no. 7 (August 20, 2014): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.9087.
Full text
20
Dhandha, Maulik M. "Passion to Heal – Dermatology volunteering in the Maasai Mara, Kenya." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 3, no. 3 (May 3, 2019): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.3.3.10.
Full textAbstract:
During summer of 2018, ME to WE organized a dermatology volunteer trip in Masai Mara region of Kenya. Our volunteer group included physicians, physician assistants and medical assistants. We volunteered at the Baraka Hospital along with the local staff there. Our goal was to help treat and triage patients with skin conditions and in the process educate local staff about Dermatology. We saw patients with a variety of skin conditions, including Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, Chromoblastomycosis, Discoid Lupus and others. In addition, we visited local schools to screen students with common skin conditions. We saw approximately 800-100 patients during our time there. On our last day at the hospital we organized lectures to teach the local team about common skin conditions. The key challenges to our work there were limited resources and time available, socio-economic difficulties of the local population, lack of an established dermato-pathology center, etc. The key strengths of the trip were very well organized trip from ticketing to lodging to itinerary, very supportive local staff and how grateful patients were with evaluation of their conditions. Our trip also included local cultural programs that allowed us to learn more about the people there. In a short span of one week, we were able to help in the care of the local patient population and in the process learn about local culture, socio-economic structure and medical practice there.
21
Mutisya, David, and Joseph Theuri. "A Systematic Review on the Effects of PTSD Associated Alcohol Abuse on Social Economic Status among Youth in Kenya." African Journal of Empirical Research 2, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajer.v2i1.8.
Full textAbstract:
The issue of alcohol abuse in Kenya is deeply rooted and continues to affect the well-being of youthful population. A study conducted in 2018, an estimated 45-50% alcohol-abusing youth in Kiambu County had post-traumatic stress disorder. The main purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize existing literature articles on the effects of PTSD associated Alcohol Abuse in Kenya’s context. The review shows that PSTD related to alcohol abuse, though not well studied in Kenya is a real challenge facing the youth. It affects their learning processes and their transition to colleges and other institutions of higher learning. Alcohol abuse also affects employment prospects for the youth and leads to impoverishment. It also challenges the productivity and entrepreneurial capacities of these youth; leading to further impoverishment and reduced socioeconomic prospects. On the basis of these findings, it is pertinent to come up with psychosocial support mechanisms for alcohol abusers suffering from PSTD. The government should put in place funding strategies for the rehabilitation of youth suffering from PSTD. Also, government empowerment programmes in Kenya should ensure that the youth with PSTD related alcohol abuse can access funding to enhance their socioeconomic status.
22
Ndungu, James Mathuku, and Farida Abdul. "Influence Of Financial Literacy on Personal Investment Decisions Among Kenya Football Premier League Players in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v4i2.272.
Full textAbstract:
Financial literacy plays an essential role in the process of making financial decisions, as it represents a systematic effort aimed at the development of positive knowledge, and attitude. Extant literature indicates that the financial literacy among football players is low which ultimately affects their investment decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of financial literacy on personal investment decisions among KPL players in Nairobi. The study was guided by the following specific objectives; to determine the influence of savings decisions, financial knowledge and skills, financial awareness and financial attitude on personal investment decisions among KPL players in Nairobi. The study adopted dual process theory, the exchange theory and the goal setting theory. The study employed a descriptive research design. The target population was 396 football players from the 18 teams playing the KPL for the season 2020/2021. The study covered a period of one year from November 2020 to August 2021. This study used a sample of 30% from each of the 18 KPL teams. Therefore, from each of the 18 teams, 7 football players were randomly selected making up a sample size of 126 football players. A self-administered structured questionnaire was given to the respondents for data collection. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V. 23.0) was used for data analysis. Regression model was used to establish the relationship between the study variables. Before conducting the regression analysis, diagnostic tests was conducted. These tests included the multicollinearity and normality tests. The findings were presented in form of tables and figures. The findings were of importance to the football teams in Kenya as it emphasized on the need for financial literacy training. The study established that savings decisions, financial knowledge and skills, financial awareness and financial attitudes had a positive and significant influence on personal investment decisions among Kenya football premier league players in Kenya. The study concluded that the most important reason why one should start planning at an early stage of making saving decision is the power of compounding, which allows you to earn extra money on the interest received from investments. Being financially knowledgeable and skilled allows an individual to be better prepared for specific financial roadblocks, which, in turn, decreases the chances of personal economic distress. Financial awareness enables players to gain the ability to use knowledge and skills to effectively manage financial resources efficiently at a personal-level and through the lifecycle. In this era of dynamic financial markets and turbulent economic environment it is very important for every individual to keep a positive mindset towards his/her finances. A positive financial attitude helps an individual strike a right balance between the utilization of money and other aspects of life, not become overly conservative and achieve long-term financial goals. The study recommended that an individual should make a financial plan by making his or her own list and then think about which goals are the most important to him or her. The players should be encouraged to subscribe to financial newsletters. The players needs a basic understanding of financial concepts to make good financial decisions. every individual needs to keep a positive outlook about personal finances and the key to this is to develop financial skills in consultation with an expert like a certified financial planner (CFP) professional, who is equipped to take one on the path to attain freedom from financial worries.
23
King’au, John Mathenge. "Agri-Systems as a Bridge between Subsistence Farming and Youth Economic Welfare in Sub Sahara Africa: A Case of Nakuru County Kenya." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.675.
Full textAbstract:
Young people represent around one-fifth of the world’s population and half of the total unemployed global workforce are the youth. In Kenya, over half of the total population is youth and a majority of them live in rural areas and are unemployed. Most rural youths engage in self-reliance projects to improve their livelihoods. This paper examines the future of rural youth agri-projects in Sub-Sahara Africa. The article is based on a study conducted to determine the effects of self-reliance projects on the livelihoods of youth in selected rural areas of Nakuru County, Kenya. Thorough surveys of youth self-reliance projects and livelihoods were conducted in Nakuru County, Kenya in 2017 by the author. The study surveyed youth who were actively undertaking self-reliance projects aimed at enhancing their livelihood. The surveys included information on the nature and type of self-reliance projects undertaken, the contribution of self-reliance projects to youth economic welfare and the challenges facing the youth and how they overcome them when undertaking the projects. The overall conclusion of this study and other related studies is that youth agri projects are having a significant contribution to their economic welfare in the rural areas, thus improving their livelihoods and hence bridging the way Agri-systems are being enhanced
24
Kurgat, Caren, Joshua Kibet, Bornes Mosonik, and Francis Opuru. "Trends in Cigarette Smoking in Kenya and the Challenges Impeding Cessation." Thematics Journal of Geography 8, no. 8 (August 11, 2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/tjg.v8i8.8103.
Full textAbstract:
Despite intense campaigns to minimize cigarette smoking owing to the socio-economic risks associated with it, cigarette smoking worldwide has continued to rise. This is a major concern to both public health authorities and medical practioners. This paper examines the Kenyan status on cigarette smoking through measurement of various parameters including mass media campaigns, taxation, level of education, nature of employment, and government legislation. Descriptive research design was employed because of its robust capability to give an in depth analysis of state of affairs as it exists in relation to cigarette smoking patterns in three Kenyan counties (Nakuru, Kisii and Migori). The study involved respondents above 18 years of age and was carried out between March and April 2018. Chi-square statistics was used to assess the association between various variables. It is clear from this study that most cigarette smokers had acquired high school education and above; representing 70% of the respondents. At 95% confidence limit, the p-value = 0.39 and confidence interval, CI = －1.965－4.156. Therefore, cigarette smoking is dependent on the level of education. The odd ratio (OR) of 3.10 indicates a strong association between smoking and the level of education. This study also revealed that majority of the respondents smoked between 6 and 10 cigarettes per day (36%). Besides, 50% of the target population admitted to being aware of the health hazards caused by cigarette smoking despite their continued smoking habits. This survey has demonstrated that most cigarette smokers are not only well educated but are aware of the dangers of cigarette smoking. Moreover, most respondents are addicted to cigarette smoking despite taxes imposed on tobacco products including cigarettes. This characteristic behaviour may be attributed to high unemployment rates in Kenya which this study has established as one of the major reasons for cigarette smoking.
25
Daniel Muasya, Wanda Dulcie; Peter Koome;. "Effects of Cancer on the Socio-Economic Dimensions of Patients: Evidence from Nakuru Level 5 Oncology Clinic." Editon Consortium Journal of Economics and Development Studies 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjeds.v1i1.67.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to show how cancer has affected the economic and psychosocial aspects of patients’ livelihoods in Nakuru County. The study adopted descriptive survey design and draw on a quantitative inquiry. The sample size, determined by Fishers method, were 245 patients and 10 medical officers (medical superintendent, oncologists and nurses) drawn from the Nakuru County Teaching and referral Hospital. The research instruments employed were the questionnaire and interview schedules. Before the actual data collection, piloting of questionnaires and the interview schedule was done in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Uasin Gishu County. Data analysis followed both parametric and non-parametric approaches. Data was presented using graphs, tables and scatter diagrams. The findings of the study suggest a strong association of cancer with loss of income (????16, 0.01 = 40.101) and a significant increase in medical expenditure (????12, 0.01 = 66.789). Similarly, it was shown that cancer patients were impacted both socially and economically by cancer type (????12, 0.033 = 22.46) and duration of treatment. The results from the study will contribute immensely to the development of new strategies to improve patients’ economic status in the management of cancer within Nakuru county and Kenya in general.
26
Scott, J. Anthony G., Salim Mwarumba, Caroline Ngetsa, Salome Njenga, Brett S. Lowe, Mary P. E. Slack, James A. Berkley, et al. "Progressive Increase in Antimicrobial Resistance among Invasive Isolates of Haemophilus influenzae Obtained from Children Admitted to a Hospital in Kilifi, Kenya, from 1994 to 2002." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 7 (July 2005): 3021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.7.3021-3024.2005.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Etest susceptibilities to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole of 240 invasive isolates of Haemophilus influenzae cultured from children in rural Kenya were 66%, 66%, and 38%, respectively. Resistance increased markedly over 9 years and was concentrated among serotype b isolates. In Africa, the increasing cost of treating resistant infections supports economic arguments for prevention through conjugate H. influenzae type b immunization.
27
Mulwa, Lumidi Kennedy, and Gordon O. Opuodho. "Influence of Risk-Based Audit Practices on Financial Performance of Registered Fruit Processing Firms in Thika Municipality, Kenya." International Journal of Finance 7, no. 5 (October 23, 2022): 80–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.1081.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The internal audit objective is to elevate the efficiency and effectiveness of an organization’s risks through productive criticisms. Due to the increasingly changing business environments, risk-based audit practice is essential as it focuses on domains exposed to high risks. The motivation of the study was to determine the influence of risk-based audit practices on financial performance of registered fruit processing firms in Thika Municipality, Kenya. The study was led by specific objectives which were: to determine the influence of audit risk management on financial performance of registered fruit processing firms in Thika Municipality, Kenya ;to evaluate the influence of audit quality on financial performance of registered fruit processing firms in Thika Municipality, Kenya; to assess the influence of internal control on financial performance of registered fruit processing firms in Thika Municipality, Kenya, and to explore the influence of the risk governance on financial performance of registered fruit processing firms in Thika Municipality, Kenya. The theories embraced comprised of Contingency, Agency, Risk, and Stewardship.
Methodology: The study applied a descriptive research design. The target population was 130 management staff of registered fruit processing firms in Thika municipality Kenya. Census survey techniques were used for the study. Both primary and secondary data were used. A questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The reliability and validity of the questionnaires were determined. Data collected from the field was sorted, processed, and categorized according to the questionnaire list of items. The collected data was analyzed using computer-aided SPSS Standard Version 28. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the percentages, cross-tabulation, mean scores, and standard deviations. Frequency distribution was used to describe the demographic characteristics of the respondents, whereas inferential statistics were used to determine the significance and relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Results: The regression coefficient of the study showed that a unit change in audit risk management leads to a 2.73 change in the financial performance of registered fruit-processing firms in Thika Municipality, Kenya. The study also revealed that a unit change in audit quality leads to a 2.277 change in the financial performance of registered fruit-processing firms in Thika Municipality, Kenya. Further, the study established that a unit change in internal control leads to a 3.295 change in the financial performance of registered fruit-processing firms in Thika Municipality, Kenya. Finally, the study found that a unit change in risk governance leads to 3.512 changes in the financial performance of registered fruit-processing firms in Thika Municipality, Kenya.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practices: The study recommended that recognizing the importance of risk culture, board risk oversight, and independent disclosure of risk programs, the fruit-processing firms need to build a reasonable short-term and long-term corporate governance strategy. This will build corporate risk culture, create a reputation in the market and enhance a transparent business environment.
28
Adamjee, Ebrahim, and Jean de Dieu Harerimana. "Estimating the Economic Burden of Diabetes Mellitus in Kenya: a Cost of Illness Study." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 22 (July 31, 2022): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n22p104.
Full textAbstract:
Diabetes mellitus is one of the non-communicable diseases that depletes the wealth of any individual directly and indirectly due to the cost associated with treating the illness and its complications. The study aims to estimate the economic burden of Diabetes mellitus in Kenya from a societal perspective using a cost-of-illness approach. The study’s results and findings for the economic burden of diabetes mellitus in Kenya relied on the cost of illness approach. The approach identifies and measures all the costs of Diabetes mellitus, including direct and indirect costs. The 552,400 adult cases reported in 2019 resulted in a total economic cost of USD 372,184,585, equivalent to USD 674 per diabetes mellitus patient. The total direct costs accounted for the highest proportion of the overall costs at 61% (USD 227,980,126), whereas indirect costs accounted for 39% of the total economic costs (USD 144,204,459). Costs of medicines accounted for the highest costs over the total economic costs at about 29%, followed by the income lost while seeking care at 19.7%. Other costs that accounted for more than 10% of the total costs include productivity losses (19%), diagnostic tests (13%), and travel (12%). The rest of the cost categories accounted for less than 5%. Efforts should be made to reduce the costs of these medicines to enhance care. The high indirect costs reported, majorly in income lost by patients while seeking medical care, are 19%. Access to affordable health services such as diabetes mellitus education, regular blood glucose screening initiatives, and increasing local manufacturing of medicines can reduce the economic burden of diabetes mellitus and increase the health outcomes of the population and their contributions to society.
29
Kirengo, Thomas Onyango. "Frugal digitization of analog video endoscopic medical records in a Kenyan rural medical center." Annals of African Surgery 20, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aas.v20i1.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Digitization of healthcare data has led to widespread healthcare transformation. This has been enhanced by the availability of new technologies at lower costs. Video recording can improve the quality of care, provider skills, education, and patient follow-up. However, limitations such as the risk of litigation, patient privacy, and poor legal framework have curtailed adoption. Rural hospitals have older analog equipment due to limited financial resources. Objectives: This study aims to present an alternative low-cost option. Methods: We present an economical method of recording and digitizing endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures performed on analog video processing towers. We showcase a video of the step-by-step procedure that involves connecting a digital video home system (VHS) video recorder to an analog Olympus endoscopy machine (Model CV-100) and transferring media via a portable storage device to an electronic medical record database. Conclusion: Using simple home video recording devices provides a low-cost solution to creating digital records from analog video endoscopic machines. The technique, however, creates additional steps to the endoscopy process and the need for capacity building of the endoscopist. Patient consent forms should cover video creation. Medical centers should have a robust information management system to securely store and retrieve digitized video records.
30
Henley, Phaedra, Megan Lowthers, Gideon Koren, Pamela Tsimbiri Fedha, Evan Russell, Stan VanUum, Sumedha Arya, et al. "Cultural and socio-economic conditions as factors contributing to chronic stress in sub-Saharan African communities." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 92, no. 9 (September 2014): 725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2014-0035.
Full textAbstract:
Stress is known to contribute to overall health status. Many individuals in sub-Saharan Africa are believed to be stressed about their employment, income, and health. This study aimed to investigate hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress in settlement communities in Kenya. Hair samples were collected from 108 volunteers from settlement communities in Kenya. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to measure hair cortisol concentrations. In parallel, a health survey was completed. The mean ± SD for the cortisol concentration in the hair of volunteers from the settlement communities in Naivasha was 639 ± 300 ng/g, which was higher than found for a Caucasian reference group (299 ± 110 ng/g; one-way ANOVA, P = 0.0003). There were no differences in hair cortisol concentrations between members of slum settlements adjacent to large floriculture farms in Naivasha (Karagita, Kamere/Kwa Muhia/DCK, and Kasarani) compared with those well-removed from all floriculture in Mogotio (Mogotio and Westlands/Katorongot). However, hair cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in females, divorced volunteers, those who made below minimum wage, and those who reported feeling unsafe collecting water or using sanitation facilities within these 2 settlement groups. We found no evidence for increased chronic stress (measured by hair cortisol content) between members of slum settlements adjacent to versus distant to large floriculture farms. Cultural and socio-economic conditions that prevail in much of sub-Saharan Africa were found to be factors contributing to chronic stress.
31
Enumah, Z. O., Mohamed Y. Rafiq, and Wossen Ayele. "‘THEY CALL US KILLERS’: AN EXPLORATION OF HERBAL, SPIRITUAL AND WESTERN MEDICAL PRACTICES IN MOMBASA, KENYA." African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 13, no. 3 (March 15, 2016): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v13i3.26.
Full textAbstract:
Background: This paper attempts to describe the multi-dimensional perceptions of mganga/waganga (Kiswahili: traditional healers)
by members of their constituencies, patients, government health officials and religious leaders in Mombasa, Kenya. It also seeks to
investigate how these conceptions and perceptions influence the relationships between traditional healers and other stakeholders in
the delivery of public healthcare services in Mombasa.
Materials and Methods: A qualitative approach consisting of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions was employed and
43 research participants were interviewed during the period of two months in the summer of 2010. Data were recorded (video and
audio), transcribed, and analyzed using the constant comparison method.
Results: Findings indicate that varied opinions and interpretations of mganga influence both the decision-making process of the
patient and the provision of healthcare by the healer. High tensions exist between mganga and other actors, and furthermore, such
perceptions seem to evidence themselves in the government’s support for waganga, as well as the delineation of healthcare
services—whereby certain stakeholders and participants are relegated to specific tasks.
Conclusions: This research builds upon the growing body of knowledge on how African patients—in general and Kenya in
particular—and healers inhabit a multifaceted arena of healing in order to effectively negotiate their positions and needs to make
complex decisions involving care, contingent upon local economic, social, cultural, and religious factors.
32
Bally, Cyrus Ashivira, Proscovia Adema, Kennedy Situma, Samuel Musau, Roberts Osangale, and Grace Kibet. "ENORMITY AND PATTERNS OF GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AT KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE CAMPUSES." International Journal of Health Sciences 5, no. 1 (July 19, 2022): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijhs.933.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To unravel the socio-demographic factors, assess knowledge, awareness and institutional factors that are associated with gender based violence at KMTC campuses.
Methodology: A semi structured questionnaire was utilized to conduct a cross-sectional descriptive study of 302 participants, yielding to 300 responses.
Findings: The study findings divulged that (81) 27% of 302 participants had experienced Gender Based Violence (GBV) at the institution and its community. Majority of the respondents were aged 31 years and above. The predictors of GBV at KMTC among staff with statistically significance were: Level of education (χ2 (df=4) =72.54, p=0.01), the type of GBV especially sexual and economic abuse (χ2 (df=4) =72.57, p=0.00), lack of GBV policy in place and lack of GBV recovery centres p=0.00 respectively. In conclusion level of education, the type of GBV, lack of GBV policy in place and lack of GBV recovery centres were pin pointed as the most imperative prognosticators that were associated with GBV.
Unique contribution of theory, practice and policy: The study recommends KMTC as a government institution to strengthen the policies already in use about GBV at the college, to health educate its staff about GBV especially sexual and physical abuse via workshops and seminars, to set up GBV recovery centres in every region of Kenya in the respective major campuses and employ qualified staff who can be able to provide GBV services such as counselling, screening and treatment to its staff, students and community at large.
33
Nzuki, Judith Mbula, and Gordon O. Opuodho. "Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Kenya." International Journal of Finance 7, no. 4 (September 9, 2022): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.1027.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The general objective of the study was to establish the influence of corporate social responsibility on financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study was to establish the influence of environmental responsibility, CSR initiative on public education, corporate philanthropy on financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Kenya. The theories that anchored the study comprised of Triple Bottom Line Theory, Integrative Social Contracts Theory and The Stakeholder Theory.
Methodology: A descriptive research design was employed in the study and the target population comprised of ten listed manufacturing firms in Kenya. The units of observation comprised of employees from upper, middle and lower management levels. A total of 90 employees were targeted. The study used questionnaires to gather primary data and secondary data was acquired from financial reports of the selected firms. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in analyzing the collected data. The statistics were generated through Statistical Package for Social Scientists and MS Excel.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that environmental responsibility and corporate philanthropy bears a positive and significant influence on the levels of financial performance of listed manufacturing firms. This is shown by beta values of 0.197 and 0.271 and significant values of 0.0122 and 0.0136 respectively. The results implies that increasing either environmental responsibility or corporate philanthropy with one unit results to increase in the levels of financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Kenya with respective beta values. The study further revealed that CSR initiative on public education bears a positive but insignificant influence on financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Kenya. This is shown by a beta value of 0.101 and an insignificant value of 0.0743. This bears the implication that increasing CSR initiative on public education with one-unit results to insignificant increase in the levels of financial performance of the listed manufacturing firms.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practices: The study recommended the listed manufacturing in Kenya to enhance both environmental responsibility and corporate philanthropy practices in the firm’s operations since the practices increases the financial performance levels to a positive and significant level.
34
Yegon, Charles Kiprotich, Willy Muturi, and Oluoch Oluoch. "Moderating Effect of Ownership Structure on the Relationship between Working Capital Management Decisions and Financial Performance of Tea Firms in Kenya." International Journal of Finance 7, no. 5 (October 2, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.1049.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The general objective of this research study was to examine the moderating effect of ownership structure on the relationship between working capital management decisions and financial performance of tea firms in Kenya. Expansive research studies are available on the strategies employed by tea firms to boost their financial performances. However, Very minimal of these research studies are geared towards the contribution of working capital management decisions employed by these companies within the tea sector in Kenya.
Methodology: The study employed a correlational research design. The data was collected was collected from the audited financial statements of all the multinationals and KTDA managed tea firms in Kericho, Bomet and Nandi counties of Kenya. The data was analyzed by employing both descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: This research study revealed that there exists a moderating effect of ownership structure on the relationship between working capital management decisions and financial performance of tea firms in Kenya.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The research study recommended that the KTDA managed tea firms should be advised to adopt the strategies employed by multinational tea firms in order to boost and improve their financial performance. Tea firms are strongly cautioned against increasing accounts receivables period, accounts payables payment period and inventory conversion period because this would minimize their financial performance in the long-run.
35
Njoroge, Grace Wangari, and Gordon Opuodho. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE BY REGISTERED PROPERTY DEVELOPERS IN KENYA." International Journal of Finance 7, no. 3 (July 20, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.938.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Working capital management is acknowledged as a very significant element in examining performance of firms. In property development sector, large developers dominate the market but there still exist a huge housing hollow. Property development firm faces challenges in areas of working capital management that limits them in fulfilling the housing needs of citizens and further exposes the firms to poor financial performances. The current study sought to establish the relationship between working capital management practices and financial performance by registered property developers in Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to investigate the relationship between debtors’ management practices, inventory management practices, cash management practices and creditors’ management practices and financial performance by registered property developers in Kenya.
Methodology: The study was anchored on Agency Theory, The Theory of Working Capital Management, The Trade- off Theory and The Pecking Order Theory. The population of the research was seventy-six registered property developers in Kenya. The unit of observation comprised of finance managers. A census approach was employed in the study. The study utilized both primary and secondary data where structured questionnaires were used to gather primary data while a secondary data collection was used in gathering secondary data from the respective firm’s financial reports. Both inferential and descriptive statistics were employed in analyzing the collected data and results presented in form of tables and figures.
Findings: The results of the analysis revealed that Cash Management Practices, Debtors’ Management Practices, Creditors’ Management Practices and Inventory Management Practices positively and significantly relates with financial performances of registered property developers in Kenya. The study concluded that Cash Management Practices, Debtors’ Management Practices, Creditors’ Management Practices and Inventory Management Practices positively and significantly relates with financial performances of the property developers.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The study recommends the management of registered property developers in Kenya to enhance their practices in Cash Management, Debtors’ Management, Creditors’ Management and Inventory Management since the practices positively and significantly relates with financial performance of the property developers.
36
Nelly Awinja, Nandwa, and Olanrewaju Isola Fatoki. "Effect of Digital Financial Services on the Growth of SMEs in Kenya." African Journal of Empirical Research 2, no. 1 (March 7, 2021): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajer.v2i1.16.
Full textAbstract:
The digital economy is a new business environment that enables enterprises to operate and provide services via the Internet and digital platforms. The study was on the effect of economic digitisation on growth of SMEs in Nairobi CBD. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of digital financial services, digital content, digital values and skills and the effect of online advertising on the growth of small and medium enterprises. The sample size in this study was 1000 SMEs formally registered in the study area from where a sample of 300 was randomly selected. The questionnaire was employed for the purpose of data collection from which out of the 300 questionnaires distributed, 180 were returned representing a 60% response rate. Guided by the research objectives, the data collected through the questionnaire were sorted, coded and presented in graphical and tabular forms for the purpose of descriptive analysis. To determine the significance of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, a regression analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The study established that digital financial services were significant factors in ensuring growth of SMEs in Kenya. The study concluded that Mobile payments have become a favorite means of making financial transactions. The study also established that Applications available for mobile digital devices is expected to increase enormously. Digital payment technology has increased over the last decade. From the findings, it was concluded that Consumers grow more familiar with the different payment systems available and encourage more transactions. The SMEs should explore the possibility of forming a management committee to streamline economic digitisation issues. It is recommended that the organization clearly spell out economic digitisation procedures and criteria. This can stir positive growth among SMEs establishments and can result in effective management. The Government and the various agencies should also make provisions for training programs for SMEs to empower them in terms of economic digitisation. The SMEs should not rely on external professionals to assist in digitisation as this may be expensive. It is also recommended that the SMEs should adopt digital financial services. E-commerce will ensure increased profitability for small and medium enterprises. They should also have Social networking sites, which have proved to be popular online activities in relation to time, spent. They should also adopt Innovation driven entrepreneurship as it contributes to increase in sales revenue, market share, efficiency, customers’ loyalty and firm profitability.
37
Chenneville, Tiffany, Kemesha Gabbidon, Bharat Bharat, Zachary Whitney, Scholastic Adeli, and Mary Anyango. "The Biopsychosocial Impact and Syndemic Effect of COVID-19 on Youth Living with HIV in Kenya." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 21 (January 2022): 232595822211123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259582221112342.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19's rapid emergence as a biological and psychosocial threat has affected people globally. The purpose of this qualitative study, which was guided by syndemic theory and the biopsychosocial framework, was to examine the impact of COVID-19 on youth living with HIV (YLWH) in Kenya. Seven virtual focus groups and two in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 YLWH aged 18-24, 13 youth affected by HIV aged 18-24, and 12 HIV healthcare providers living in Nakuru and Eldoret, two of Kenya's largest cities. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, which was guided by a descriptive phenomenological approach. Findings provided information about the problems and needs of YLWH as well as potential solutions for mitigating COVID-19's biopsychosocial impact and syndemic effect on YLWH in Kenya. A variety of individual, community, healthcare, and government issues were identified including but not limited to concerns about psychosocial functioning; economic stability; access to medical treatment and medication; the availability of goods and services; patient education; and the dissemination of accurate information. These findings have important implications for addressing the ongoing and long-term impact of the pandemic on YLWH in resource-limited settings through research, policy, and practice.
38
Chepkutwo, Lawrence Kipchumba, and Nasieku Tabitha Nasieku. "Impact of Electronic Banking Transactions on the Volume of Trade of Commercial Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Finance 7, no. 5 (October 20, 2022): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.1074.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Electronic banking is a mechanism that enables a financial institution's clients to conduct a number of financial transactions via an electronic device such as a cell phone or a personal digital assistant. Electronic banking refers to the provision of banking and financial services through electronic devices over a network. Commercial banks have been at the forefront of embracing and assimilating electronic fund transfer technology into their core tasks in order to achieve competitive advantages and manage their overhead operating costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of electronic banking transactions on the volume of trade of commercial banks in Kenya. The research was guided by the following specific objectives: To determine the impact of mobile banking transactions on the volume of trade of commercial banks in Kenya; To determine the impact of Automated teller Machines transactions on the volume of trade of commercial banks in Kenya; To ascertain the impact of electronic fund transfers on the volume of trade of commercial banks in Kenya; To ascertain the impact of online/internet banking activities on the volume of trade of commercial banks in Kenya. Theories are reviewed in this section which will direct the study. It comprises of the theories leading the performance of commercial banks in their operations and precisely in the field of Electronic banking. The section evaluates the financial intermediation theory in particular which deals with the main function of financial institutions which is intermediating between the surplus and the deficit units for sustained economic development. It also reviews the classical economics theory which holds that for a business to make returns, it has to obey the modern economics.
Methodology: Simple random sampling method was used in this research. 10 representative banks were obtained from a population of 42 banks listed by the central bank of Kenya. In essence the method of statistical enumeration allows all members of the population to be studied. A population refers to the set of all observations under concern.
A descriptive research design was used. The design allows us, according to Best et al (2003), to capture all relevant aspects of a situation when hiring a research and investigation team. Similarly, Namusonge (2010) states that this approach is best suited to gather detailed information where, by direct request, the researcher will reach all the population. Data for this case was majorly quantitative since it is readily available from the bank records for example the financial statements, publications, transactions. Secondary data is easy model of extracting data especially for quantitative research and this prompted the researcher to utilize it as the immediate tool for data collection. Panel data analysis was applied. This was done using the E-views panel data software.
Findings: The results showed that there was a partial positive and statistically significant correlation between volume of banks trade and Mobile banking transactions (r= 2.854, p=0.000), Automatic Teller Machines (r=2.314, p=0.000) and usage of internet banking transactions (r=2.442, p=0.000). However, findings also revealed that electronic funds transfer (r=-0.5075, p= 0.000) has no significant influence on banks volume of trade. The null hypothesis Ho1: Mobile banking transactions has no significant influence banks volume of trade was rejected. The null hypothesis HO2: Automatic Teller Machines transactions have no significant influence on the banks volume of trade was rejected. The null hypothesis HO3: electronic funds transfer has no significant influence on banks volume of trade was true and thus was not rejected. Similarly, Null hypothesis HO4: internet banking transactions do not have a significant influence on project performance was not true and thus rejected.
Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: The findings of this study will be absolutely relevant to the stakeholders in the banking industry, government regulatory authorities and monetary policy frameworks implementation and monitoring. Banking institutions as well can be able to make decisions on the key areas they will need to improve transactions by customers in order to boost the volume of trade.
39
Sirengo, Moses Juma, and Willy Muturi. "Effect of Electronic Banking on Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Finance 7, no. 5 (October 21, 2022): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.1079.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The study sought to establish the effects of electronic banking on the performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya. The study specifically sought to establish the effects of mobile banking, Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT), Point of Sale Banking, and Automated Teller Machines (ATM) banking on the performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model, Diffusion of Innovation Theory, and Perceived Characteristics Theory.
Methodology: A descriptive research design in the form of a longitudinal was adopted in the study. The study targeted licensed Commercial Banks in Kenya. Secondary data was used in the study. The data was gathered from commercial banks' audited financial reports published by the Central Bank of Kenya between 2015 and 2019. The study employed both inferential and descriptive statistics in analysing the collected data. Both Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) software and MS Excel were adopted to generate the statistics.
Findings: The study found a relatively strong relationship between independent variable and dependent variable. The combination of independent variables had a fairly predictive potential for financial performance. A proportional increase in the EFT values would significantly increase the return on equity (ROE). It implies that bank performance is positively affected by an increase in EFT banking at a significant level. Similarly, the findings indicated a significant increase in the total value transacted on PoS Machines as a proportion of Total Transaction Value, would increase the return on equity. This shows that bank profitability would increase with increased PoS banking. On the contrary, a percentage rise in the total value transacted via ATM as a proportion of total transactions by value would decrease the return on equity. Similar results were observed with regard to mobile banking’s influence on bank’s ROE.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Thus, the study concluded that banks could reduce poor performance by having fewer amounts transacted via mobile banking agents and ATMs. On the other hand, banks can improve performance by encouraging increased values transacted via EFT and on POS Machines.
40
Nyamute, Linda, Muthoni Mathai, and Anne Mbwayo. "Quality of sleep and burnout among undergraduate medical students at the university of Nairobi, Kenya." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.742.
Full textAbstract:
AimsThe main objective was to determine whether quality of sleep is associated with burnout among undergraduate medical students at the University of Nairobi.The null hypothesis in our study population was; 'There is no significant association between poor sleep quality and burnout'.BackgroundIn a pressure prevailing environment, medical students find themselves in a vicious cycle of cutting down on sleep in attempts to cope and adjust to increasing workloads. Students with poor sleep quality have been found to perform worse in their board exam and have strained social engagements. Ultimately, this chronic sleep deprivation may lead to burnout which may cause diminished sense of accomplishment and impaired professional conduct, that may be carried on to the career as a physician. High levels of burnout have been associated with suicides.MethodThe sample size obtained was 384 and participants were selected by a mixed sampling method. Data collection was through self-administered questionnaires. Scales used for this study were the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory(OLBI).Ethical considerations were adhered to and approval obtained from the Kenyatta National Hospital-University of Nairobi(KNH-UON) Ethics Board. Data entry and analysis was by SPSS v23. Data from 336 questionnaires were deemed fit for analysis.ResultWith a response rate of 87.5%, the prevalence of poor sleep quality and burnout were 69.9% and 74.7% respectively. There was a significant positive association between poor sleep quality and female gender, clinical years of study, living with family, poorly perceived socio-economic state and poor subjective academic performance. In addition, being female, younger, pre-clinical years, living independently off-campus and poor subjective academic performance were significantly associated with higher levels of burnout.Burnout had a significant correlation with poor sleep quality. Daytime functioning, a component of sleep quality had the highest correlation with components of burnout, disengagement and exhaustion. Overall, 57% of the respondents had both poor sleep quality &burnout, while only 12% were good sleepers with no burnout. Furthermore, having poor sleep increased the risk of having burnout by 2.8times. It is crucial that students adopt better sleeping habits to reduce the risk of burnout.ConclusionWith the high prevalence of poor sleep quality and burnout, peer-support groups and peer-led mentorship programs are recommended within this population to help deal with expectations, challenges and difficulties encountered within the course of medical education, in addition to preparing for the early future careers.
41
Kimaru, S. K., E. Monda, R. C. Cheruiyot, J. Mbaka, and A. Alakonya. "Morphological and Molecular Identification of the Causal Agent of Anthracnose Disease of Avocado in Kenya." International Journal of Microbiology 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4568520.
Full textAbstract:
Anthracnose disease of avocado contributes to a huge loss of avocado fruits due to postharvest rot in Kenya. The causal agent of this disease has not been clear but presumed to beColletotrichum gloeosporioidesas reported in other regions where avocado is grown. The fungus mainly infects fruits causing symptoms such as small blackish spots, “pepper spots,” and black spots with raised margin which coalesce as infection progresses. Due to economic losses associated with the disease and emerging information of other species of fungi as causal agents of the disease, this study was aimed at identifying causal agent(s) of the disease. A total of 80 fungal isolates were collected from diseased avocado fruits in Murang’a County, the main avocado growing region in Kenya. Forty-six isolates were morphologically identified asColletotrichumspp. based on their cultural characteristics, mainly whitish, greyish, and creamish colour and cottony/velvety mycelia on the top side of the culture and greyish cream with concentric zonation on the reverse side. Their spores were straight with rounded end and nonseptate. Thirty-four isolates were identified asPestalotiopsisspp. based on their cultural characteristics: whitish grey mycelium with black fruiting structure on the upper side and greyish black one on the lower side and septate spores with 3-4 septa and 2 or 3 appendages at one end. Further molecular studies using ITS indicatedColletotrichum gloeosporioides,Colletotrichum boninense, andPestalotiopsis microsporaas the causal agents of anthracnose disease in avocado. However, with this being the first report, there is a need to conduct further studies to establish whether there is coinfection or any interaction thereof.
42
Gakunga, Robai, Zipporah Ali, Anne Korir, Asaph Wang’ombe Kinyanjui, Emily Ochieng’, Nancy Gikaara, Florence Maluni, and Sujha Subramanian. "Social determinants and individual health-seeking behaviour among women in Kenya: protocol for a breast cancer cohort feasibility study." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e023171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023171.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionA catastrophic 35% increase in the burden of breast cancer in Kenya has been predicted by 2025. Mitigating this burden is critical, and local research is necessary to generate the evidence to inform policy, public health and medical practice. Most of the knowledge available has been derived from studies in high-income countries that are not directly applicable due to economic, social, cultural and ethnic differences. At the time of writing this paper, we had no knowledge of any longitudinal cohort studies in sub-Saharan Africa of both breast cancer survivors and a matching cohort of women who have never had a diagnosis of cancer. We aim to assess feasibility of cohort studies in Kenya that consider clinical characteristics social determinants and individual health seeking behaviour.Methods and analysisThis study aims to inform best practices for initiating a longitudinal cohort study in Kenya. It is a two-pronged, prospective mixed methods study of women with and without a diagnosis of breast cancer with baseline data collection and one follow-up data collection approximately 3 months later by telephone. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected concurrently, analysed separately and together to enrich understanding of concepts by triangulation. We aim to include 800 women aged 30–60 years: 400 in the survivorship cohort and 400 in the non-cancer cohort. Two focus group discussions from each cohort will be carried out to enhance understanding of concepts and to guide recommendations.Ethics and disseminationIndependent ethical approval was obtained from Kenyatta National Hospital-University of Nairobi Ethics and Research Committee and the Research Triangle Institute International. Only consenting participants will be enrolled. Counselling support, debriefing discussions and referrals for formal support services will be available for both participants and research assistants. Findings will be disseminated through publications, websites and presentations.
43
Okech, Timothy Chrispinus, and Steve Ltumbesi Lelegwe. "Analysis of Universal Health Coverage and Equity on Health Care in Kenya." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 7 (December 18, 2015): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n7p218.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Kenya has made progress towards universal health coverage as evidenced in the various policy initiatives and reforms that have been implemented in the country since independence. The purpose of this analysis was to critically review the various initiatives that the government of Kenya has over the years initiated towards the realization of Universal Health Care (UHC) and how this has impacted on health equity. The paper relied heavly on secondary sources of information although primary data data was collected. Whereas secondary data was largely collected through critical review of policy documents and commissioned studies by the Ministry of Health and development partners, primary data was collected through interviews with various stakeholders involved in UHC including policy makers, implementers, researchers and health service providers. Key findings include commitment towards UHC; minimal solidarity in health care financing; cases of dysfunctionalilty of health care system; minimal opportunities for continuous medical training; quality concerns in terms of stock-outs of drugs and other medical supplies, dilapidated health infrastructure and inadequqte number of health workers. Other findings include governance concerns at NHIF coupled with, high operational costs, low capitation, fraud at facility levels, low pay out ratio, accreditation of facilities, and narrowness of the benefit package, among others. In lieu of these, various recommendations have been suggested. Among these include promotion of solidarty in health care financing that are reliable and economical in collecting; political will to enhance commitment towards devolution of health care, engagement of various stakeholders at both county and national government in fast tracking the enactment of Health Act; investment in health infrastructure and training of human resources; revamping NHIF into a full-fledged social health insurance scheme, and enhancing capacity of NHIF human resources, enhanced awareness amongst members, enhanced benefit package among other recommendations.</p>
44
Mbevi, Faith Meli, and Gordon Opuodho. "Effect of Selected Investment Decisions on Financial Performance of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Nairobi Securities Exchange." International Journal of Finance 7, no. 5 (October 3, 2022): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.1050.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The Manufacturing companies in Kenya play a vital role in the advancement of the National gross domestic product. Over the last two decades, the government of Kenya has been keen to improving infrastructure and creating an enabling environment to foster local Manufacturing sector. However, despite the effects being geared to the sector, reports has shown that very little growth has been achieved. Increasing competition, high cost of inputs and inadequate contingency planning and investment decisions have contributed to the declining growth. The main objective of this research study was to find out the effect of investment decisions on financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nairobi Securities Exchange. Specifically to aim establish the effect of renewal decision and expansion decision on financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nairobi Securities Exchange.
Methodology: The study adopted the resource based theory and modern portfolio theory to give an empirical discussion of the selected variables. The study relied on secondary data available for the findings. The observations used were from the year 2015 to 2019 and the population was comprise of 9 companies listed in NSE under manufacturing and allied. Descriptive and inferential statistics conducted to analyze the data collected. Correlation and regressions analysis conducted as the analytical tools to enable interpretation of the relationship of the study selected variables. After analysis the findings were presented in tables and figures.
Findings: The study established that there was a significant relationship between the investment decisions on the financial performance of the listed manufacturing companies in Kenya. Further, the study showed that expansion decision had a negative impact on return on equity performance. The interpretation was that expansion decision is an increase in firms’ costs hence negatively affects financial performance. The R-squared were found to be 0.570094 and Adjusted R-squared 0.533507 respectively for ROE. This show that averagely investment decision taken are relevant in explaining the financial performance for listed manufacturing companies in Kenya.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study concludes that, there is the need for enterprises especially those within the stock market to have management policy that work towards enhancing the Renewal and expansion Decisions and investing substantial resources toward this goal to improve financial performance.
45
Amenya, Linet Moraa, Willy Muturi Muturi, Oluoch Oluoch Oluoch, and Assumpta Kagiri Kagiri. "Impact of Gross Domestic Product on the Growth of Bond Markets in Kenya." International Journal of Finance 7, no. 6 (November 7, 2022): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijf.1115.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: Bond markets are an example of financial markets that are very essential in promoting greater economic efficiency by channeling funds from savers to investors. This study investigated the influence of gross domestic product on growth of bond market in Kenya. The study further examined the moderating effect of diaspora remittance on the relationship between gross domestic product and the growth of bond market in Kenya.
Methodology: Secondary data was obtained from the CBK, KNBS and NSE and covered a period of 20 years. Time series regression analysis was used in the study. The study employed descriptive research design.
Findings: The study established that the gross domestic product had a major effect on the growth of bond market for the period of study. The study findings revealed that the GDP had a strong positive influence on the growth of bond markets. After moderation the effect improved more with the significance p-value. The study concluded that there was a positive statistically significant effect of GDP on bond market growth in Kenya.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: The study recommended that the capital market authority as a policy maker should enhance policies that promote investment in the bond market. Further studies should also be carried out incorporating other macroeconomic variables not included in this study. Finally, the study also recommended that CBK should ensure that it improves on measures that control the GDP and diaspora remittance as they influence the growth of bond market.
46
Shankar, P. R., R. M. Piryani, and S. Piryani. "The state of the world’s antibiotics 2015." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 4 (February 20, 2017): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i4.16721.
Full textAbstract:
Antibiotics play an important role in modern healthcare and the modern medical system is dangerously and solely dependent on them to fight and prevent infections. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is however, becoming increasingly common with the injudicious use of antibiotics being one of the common reasons. AMR is now attracting attention both in the lay and the scientific press and the grim possibility of a world without antibiotics is being visualized. The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, Washington DC, United States of America (USA) has recently published a report on the state of the world’s antibiotics. Eight working groups of the Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership (GARP), one each from India, Kenya, Mozambique, Nepal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Vietnam have contributed to the report and Hellen Gelband, Molly Miller-Petrie, Suraj Pant, Sumanth Gandra, Jordan Levinson, Devra Barter, Andrea White and Ramanan Laxminarayan have authored the report.The authors of the report mention that two factors are driving the world’s increased requirement for antibiotics. Rising incomes is increasing access to antibiotics and an increased demand for animal protein is resulting in intensification of agriculture and animal husbandry with a greater potential for antibiotic use. The book briefly mentions the tool, Resistance Map which brings together AMR statistics from a number of nations. There has been a huge increase in antibiotic consumption in livestock especially among developing nations.Chapter 1 discusses antibiotic resistance in 2015. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers (ESBL), carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae, are among the major organisms described and resistance is increasing among nearly all micro-organisms. Different countries have or are in the process of setting up AMR surveillance systems which are briefly described in the book.Chapter 2 focuses on human use of antibiotics. Globally the consumption of the two groups of ‘last resort’ antibiotics, carbapenems and polymixins has been rising. As mentioned previously the developing world has been witnessing huge increases in antibiotic consumption. The table showing public campaigns to improve use of antibiotics among outpatients provides an overview of important campaigns. Antibiotics in agriculture and the environment is the focus of chapter 3. Antibiotic use in agriculture is greater than their use among humans. Regulating antibiotic use in agriculture and animal husbandry is becoming a priority area globally.Antibiotics lose effectiveness over time and the report mentions how each new generation of antibiotics has proven exponentially more expensive than its precursors. Issues of antibiotic quality (substandard and counterfeit medicines) persist in many areas of the world and reintroduction of older antibiotics could be an option as bacteria ‘forget’ about antibiotics which are not in common use.Chapter 4 mentions about 1) the stewardship and effective public health measures contributing towards a decline in the use of antibiotics, and hence antibiotic resistance, 2) feasible and practicable interventions that could contribute in maintaining antibiotic effectiveness and 3) alternative and complementary approaches applied to control and treat infections.Vaccines could be an important initiative to reduce antibiotic use. It also describes the six strategies that contribute to slowing resistance and maintaining the effectiveness of current drugs.Excellent maps and tables add to the information presented in the book. High production standards and effective use of color characterize this well-written and presented report. The list of references provided at the end of the book is comprehensive and will be of interest to readers interested in knowing more about the issues discussed. This book will be of interest to specialists in the field of AMR and to health professionals interested in preserving the power of antibiotics for future generations. The technical language used may make reading the book difficult for lay persons but those interested can still do so.About the book: Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy. 2015. State of the World’s Antibiotics, 2015. CDDEP: Washington, D.C. The report is freely available at http://cddep.org/publications/ state_worlds_antibiotics_2015#sthash.RKLp0pcM. dpbs and can be downloaded for free from https:// cddep.org/sites/default/files/swa_2015_final.pdf
47
Wachira, Moses Muchemi, and Peter Ng’ang’a. "Macroeconomic Effects of Initial Public Offer and Performance Equity Prices of Firms Listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects in Finance, Banking and Accounting 3, no. 2 (October 21, 2021): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcfa.v3i2.197.
Full textAbstract:
Market reacts differently to various factors ranging from economic political, and socio-cultural. The stock prices of quoted companies in Kenya are affected either positivity or negatively by a number of factors occurring within or without the economic system. Initial public offering is often issued by smaller, younger companies seeking the capital to expand, but can also be done by large privately owned companies looking to become publicly traded. The initial public offering is a vital step for young entrepreneurial firms, providing them access to the public equity market for the first time. Previous literature had focused primarily on initial public offering under-pricing phenomenon to measure the performance of companies. However, researchers argued that initial public offering pricing, which was a key factor in under-pricing had remained relatively unexplored in literature. The study employed descriptive research design. The study targeted a total population of 7 quoted companies in Nairobi security market, which had issued IPO from 2006-2020. The study depended on secondary data collected from the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Data was analysed by the use of SPSS. From the panel regression analysis, the interclass correlation (rho) was 0.310 implying that 31% of the variations in equity share prices are due to differences among the quoted firms. The within and between R-square was 0.0154 and 0.9967 respectively. The overall R2 was 0.9885, indicating that the variables considered in the model account for about 98.85% percent change in the dependent variables, while the remaining percent change may be as a result of other variables not addressed by this model. Dividend per share improved significantly after the IPO. Dividend per share was also established to improved significantly after the IPO. The study concludes that dividend per share, market capitalization and market liquidity improved in the post going public period. This is due to the proceeds received by companies from the sale of their shares to the public. In addition, the study concludes that firms benefit by going public despite potentially higher agency problems, at least for the first few years after the IPO. Becoming publicly traded provides financial capital to firms that helps them commercialize their products.
48
Ruheni, George Gatere, and Lydiah N. Wambugu. "Resource Utilization Planning and Resilience in Food Security Projects in Kenya." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.706.
Full textAbstract:
Vision 2030 is Kenya's economic blueprint whose focus is to guide the country in the transformational agenda of achieving a newly industrialized, middle-income country; a country where citizens enjoy high quality life in a clean and secure environment by the year 2030. Appreciating that agriculture is the backbone of the Kenya’s economy, it is critical to inject efficiency in food security projects to guarantee sustainable food security. However, the current food production system is not keen on maintaining value of resources, hence, catalysing soil degradation, deforestation, water depletion, and Green House Gas emissions. Consequently, climate change, food insecurity, slowed economy, unemployment, and poverty. The resultant effect is poor human health, inability to cope with shocks, inequalities, and lack of social services. Nonetheless, factual based policies supporting science, technology, and innovation for efficient and effective resource utilization in food security projects will promote the country’s capacity in achieving resilience in food security. This paper will highlight the concept of resource utilization planning to enhance, resources predictability and value maintenance. The study will employ desk review of relevant documents on: resource utilization and food security and nutrition. The findings are expected to provide policy makers with insight on the policies that are required as a fundamental catalyst, in designing and creating an enabling environment for robust food security projects. In return, the food security projects are bound to minimize on extractive activities, Green House Gas emissions, deforestation, soil degradation and water depletion.
49
Perez, Anselmo José, Adilson Marques, and Kamilla Bolonha Gomes. "Performance analysis of both sex marathon runners ranked by IAAF." Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 20, no. 2 (May 15, 2018): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n2p182.
Full textAbstract:
Running a marathon has become the motivation to achieve success and economic independence for athletes, mainly from African countries. This feeling is more evident among the black community, considering that they have been presenting better results than white athletes. The objective of the study was to analyse the ranking of marathon runners around the world, in the last 15 years considering: 1) nationality; 2) best average time of the 100 best classified runners from the Top 100, Top 50, Top 25, Top 10 and Top 3. An analysis was made to the ranking available on the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) website, for the 100 best world results for both sexes, focusing on records from 2000 to 2014. The analysis was subdivided into ranking groups (Top 3, 10, 25, 50 and 100), resulting in 3000 records. African runners, Kenyan and Ethiopian, dominate the male ranking representing 70% of the total of runners in Top 100, keeping this proportion up to Top 3. African runners, Kenyan and Ethiopian, dominate the male ranking representing 70% of the total of runners in Top 100, keeping this proportion up to Top 3. The same is observed for females, however with a significantly lower percentage (34%), with Japanese, Ethiopian and Kenyan (17%) and an English athlete as the world record. The average time of a marathon has been decreasing in males more than in female competitions, both in Top 3 and Top 10, however still presenting a large gap from world records.
50
Rodrigues, Anthony Joachim, Wandiga Shem Oyoo, Francis O. Odundo, and Enos W. Wambu. "Socio-economic factors influencing the spread of drinking water diseases in rural Africa: case study of Bondo sub-county, Kenya." Journal of Water and Health 13, no. 2 (December 4, 2014): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.039.
Full textAbstract:
Socio-economic and medical information on Bondo sub-county community was studied to help establish the relationship between the water quality challenges, community health and water rights conditions. Health challenges have been linked to water quality and household income. A total of 1,510 households/respondents were studied by means of a questionnaire. About 69% of the households have no access to treated water. Although 92% of the respondents appear to be aware that treatment of water prevents waterborne diseases, the lowest income group and children share a high burden of waterborne diseases requiring hospitalization and causing mortality. Open defecation (12.3%) in these study areas contributes to a high incidence of waterborne diseases. The community's constitutional rights to quality water in adequate quantities are greatly infringed. The source of low-quality water is not a significant determinant of waterborne disease. The differences in poverty level in the sub-county are statistically insignificant and contribute less than other factors. Increased investment in water provision across regions, improved sanitation and availability of affordable point-of-use water purification systems will have major positive impacts on the health and economic well-being of the community.