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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical Diagnostics - Bio-sensors'
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1
D’Orazio, Paul A., Thomas C. Maley, Robert R. McCaffrey, Andy C. Chan, Donna Orvedahl, Joe Foos, David Blake, et al. "Planar (Bio)Sensors for Critical Care Diagnostics." Clinical Chemistry 43, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 1804–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.9.1804.
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Mondal, Himadri Shekhar, Md Mahbub Hossain, Md Mehadi Hasan Mahasin, Pankoj Kumar Mondal, and Md Ekhlasur Rahaman. "Emerging Applications of Optical Bio-Sensors." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 40 (February 2019): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.40.41.
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In the simplest words, a bio-sensor is an analytic device. In recent years, bio-sensors have shown emerging contribution in medical diagnosis, drug discovery, and treatment process. In this regards, continuous research is ongoing and many more features are being added in the sensing technologies. Optical sensing technology is no more bound in research area but also in the commercial use for the betterment of mankind. There are different types of bio-sensors particularly optical which have already been developed and research is going to expand many more of them. Sensing applications are not limited in glucose, DNA, cancer cell detection, drug discovery, immunological, Hepatitis B virus, and enzyme detection but also many more development is knocking at the door. Therefore, this review paper is focused on the applications and functions of bio-sensors (especially optical) in medical diagnostics and treatment.
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Bilbao, Emanuel, Octavio Garate, Theo Rodríguez Campos, Mariano Roberti, Mijal Mass, Alex Lozano, Gloria Longinotti, Leandro Monsalve, and Gabriel Ybarra. "Electrochemical Sweat Sensors." Chemosensors 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2023): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11040244.
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Sweat analysis by means of minimally invasive wearable sensors is considered a potentially disruptive method for assessing clinical parameters, with exciting applications in early medical diagnostics and high-performance sports. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors are especially attractive because of the possibility of the electronic integration of wearable devices. In this article, we review several aspects regarding the potentialities and present limitations of electrochemical sweat (bio)sensors, including: the main target analytes and their relationships with clinical conditions; most usual electrochemical techniques of transduction used according to the nature of the target analytes; issues connected to the collection of representative sweat samples; aspects regarding the associated, miniaturized electronic instrumentation used for signal processing and communication; and signal processing by machine learning.
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Popov, Alexander Mikhailovich. "NUMERICAL STUDY OF QUANTUM DOT SPECTRUM CALCULATION ON THE BASE OF MONTE CARLO METHOD." Computational nanotechnology 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2019-6-3-74-79.
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The work is directed to numerical simulation of quantum dots spectrum for molecular nanostructure of small size for creation of new nanotechnology. Quantum dots are the small peaces of semiconductor which presents the molecular system heterostucture. The cariers of charge are confined in small region. The main acsent is made on development of effective method for determination of eigenfuncions and eigenvalues of quantum dot. Quantum dots are used in nanoelectronics, in bio-sensors of nanosize, and in the systems of medical diagnostics of high precision.
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Xu, Jing, Yunsheng Fang, and Jun Chen. "Wearable Biosensors for Non-Invasive Sweat Diagnostics." Biosensors 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11080245.
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Recent advances in microfluidics, microelectronics, and electrochemical sensing methods have steered the way for the development of novel and potential wearable biosensors for healthcare monitoring. Wearable bioelectronics has received tremendous attention worldwide due to its great a potential for predictive medical modeling and allowing for personalized point-of-care-testing (POCT). They possess many appealing characteristics, for example, lightweight, flexibility, good stretchability, conformability, and low cost. These characteristics make wearable bioelectronics a promising platform for personalized devices. In this paper, we review recent progress in flexible and wearable sensors for non-invasive biomonitoring using sweat as the bio-fluid. Real-time and molecular-level monitoring of personal health states can be achieved with sweat-based or perspiration-based wearable biosensors. The suitability of sweat and its potential in healthcare monitoring, sweat extraction, and the challenges encountered in sweat-based analysis are summarized. The paper also discusses challenges that still hinder the full-fledged development of sweat-based wearables and presents the areas of future research.
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Spychalska, Kamila, Dorota Zając, Sylwia Baluta, Kinga Halicka, and Joanna Cabaj. "Functional Polymers Structures for (Bio)Sensing Application—A Review." Polymers 12, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051154.
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In this review we present polymeric materials for (bio)sensor technology development. We focused on conductive polymers (conjugated microporous polymer, polymer gels), composites, molecularly imprinted polymers and their influence on the design and fabrication of bio(sensors), which in the future could act as lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices. LOC instruments enable us to perform a wide range of analysis away from the stationary laboratory. Characterized polymeric species represent promising candidates in biosensor or sensor technology for LOC development, not only for manufacturing these devices, but also as a surface for biologically active materials’ immobilization. The presence of biological compounds can improve the sensitivity and selectivity of analytical tools, which in the case of medical diagnostics is extremely important. The described materials are biocompatible, cost-effective, flexible and are an excellent platform for the anchoring of specific compounds.
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Kadhum, F. J., S. H. Kafi, A. J. Karam, A. A. Al-Zuky, M. F. H. Al-Kadhemy, and A. H. Al- Saleh. "Simulation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) layers of gold with silicon nitride as a Bi-layer biosensor." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 17, no. 2 (April 2022): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2022.172.623.
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Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) has gotten a lot of attention in biomedical sensing. Many applications in medical diagnostics and single molecule detection have sparked interest in bio-sensing techniques. Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) is an important phenomenon used for building sensors especially in the Biological fields. Simulation analysis (in Mat lab) has been made for SPR for gold (Au) layer with thickness (40 nm) and layer of silicon nitride (Si3N4) with different thickness (10- 70 nm) step 10, deposited on glass prism type N-LASF9_ glass with the sensitive layer was water at refractive index (∆n = 0, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1). The analysis was taken for different wavelengths from UltraViolet wavelength 100 nm to Near Infra- Red wavelength 1000 nm. The properties of the surface Plasmon resonance angle (θSPR) have been calculated from plotted reflectance against incident angle θincid shows sharper resonance dip, narrower full width half maximum (FWHM), SPR dip length (Ld) increased so that improve in properties SPR and system. The SPR sensitivity (S) was calculated and recorded higher sensitivity about 134.
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Misbakhova, A. G., A. R. Abdrakhmanov, and A. R. Belyaev. "Laser technologies in the management of patients with complicated forms of sexually transmitted infections." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 2 (April 13, 2020): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-289.
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Aim. To study and assess the clinical effectiveness of medical laser technologies in the complex treatment of complicated forms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Methods. Modern technologies of molecular biological laboratory diagnostics in real time with Real-time amplifier CFX96 Bio-Rad Laboratorias (USA), were used for etiological diagnostics of pathogens. Determination of infectious and inflammatory lesions of tissues of the genital system was carried out using ultrasound on ALOKA CCL-680 device (Japan) using cavity sensors with an operating frequency of 5 MHz. Drug therapy was carried out in accordance with the Federal clinical recommendations of the Russian society of dermatovenerologists and cosmetologists Dermatovenerology (Moscow, 2015). To assess the effectiveness of laser technologies in complex treatment, patients with complicated forms of STIs were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (32 patients), where only traditional therapy was used, and the main group (108 patients), in which, in addition to traditional therapy, treatment was supplemented with laser therapy.
Results. The effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in the main group was 14.0%, and treatment using laser technology was 33.1% higher than the effectiveness of treatment in the control group. This shows the effectiveness of laser technologies in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory structural changes in the tissues of the organs of the reproductive system.
Conclusion. The use of medical laser technologies in the treatment of complicated forms of STIs with a change in exposure parameters depending on the revealed inflammatory-structural changes in the tissues of the affected organs showed high efficiency (79.6%); this technology can be recommended for use in practical health care for the treatment of complicated forms of STIs.
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Nikiforov, K. A. "Advanced Molecular-Genetic Methods and Prospects for Their Application for the Indication and Identification of <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Strains." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2022-4-29-40.
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The review provides an analysis of the literature data on the use of various modern molecular-genetic methods for the indication and identification of Yersinia pestis strains with different properties and degree of virulence, which is caused by the diverse natural conditions in which they circulate. The methods are also considered from the perspective of their promising application at three levels (territorial, regional and federal) of the system for laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases at the premises of Rospotrebnadzor organizations to solve the problem of maintaining the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the country’s population. The main groups of methods considered are as follows: based on the analysis of the lengths of restriction fragments (ribo- and IS-typing, pulse gel electrophoresis); based on the analysis of specific fragments (DFR typing, VNTR typing); based on sequencing (MLST, CRISPR analysis, SNP analysis); PCR methods (including IPCR, SPA); isothermal amplification methods (LAMP, HDA, RPA, SEA, PCA, SHERLOCK); DNA-microarray; methods using aptamer technology; bio- and nano-sensors; DNA origami; methods based on neural networks. We can conclude that the rapid development of molecular diagnostics and genetics is aimed at increasing efficiency, multi-factorial approaches and simplifying the application of techniques with no need for expensive equipment and highly qualified personnel for analysis. At all levels of the system for laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases at the Rospotrebnadzor organizations, it is possible to use methods based on PCR, isothermal amplification, SHERLOCK, biosensors, and small-sized sequencing devices. At the territorial level, at plague control stations, the use of immuno-PCR and SPA for the indication of Y. pestis is viable. At the regional level, introduction of the technologies based on the use of aptamers and DNA chips looks promising. For the federal level, the use of DNA origami methods and new technologies of whole genome sequencing is a prospect within the framework of advanced identification, molecular typing and sequencing of the genomes of plague agent strains.
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Kozitsina, Alisa, Tatiana Svalova, Natalia Malysheva, Andrei Okhokhonin, Marina Vidrevich, and Khiena Brainina. "Sensors Based on Bio and Biomimetic Receptors in Medical Diagnostic, Environment, and Food Analysis." Biosensors 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios8020035.
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Rashkovska, Aleksandra, Matjaž Depolli, Ivan Tomašić, Viktor Avbelj, and Roman Trobec. "Medical-Grade ECG Sensor for Long-Term Monitoring." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061695.
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The recent trend in electrocardiogram (ECG) device development is towards wireless body sensors applied for patient monitoring. The ultimate goal is to develop a multi-functional body sensor that will provide synchronized vital bio-signs of the monitored user. In this paper, we present an ECG sensor for long-term monitoring, which measures the surface potential difference between proximal electrodes near the heart, called differential ECG lead or differential lead, in short. The sensor has been certified as a class IIa medical device and is available on the market under the trademark Savvy ECG. An improvement from the user’s perspective—immediate access to the measured data—is also implemented into the design. With appropriate placement of the device on the chest, a very clear distinction of all electrocardiographic waves can be achieved, allowing for ECG recording of high quality, sufficient for medical analysis. Experimental results that elucidate the measurements from a differential lead regarding sensors’ position, the impact of artifacts, and potential diagnostic value, are shown. We demonstrate the sensors’ potential by presenting results from its various areas of application: medicine, sports, veterinary, and some new fields of investigation, like hearth rate variability biofeedback assessment and biometric authentication.
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Loretan, Morgane, Ivana Domljanovic, Mathias Lakatos, Curzio Rüegg, and Guillermo P. Acuna. "DNA Origami as Emerging Technology for the Engineering of Fluorescent and Plasmonic-Based Biosensors." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092185.
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DNA nanotechnology is a powerful and promising tool for the development of nanoscale devices for numerous and diverse applications. One of the greatest potential fields of application for DNA nanotechnology is in biomedicine, in particular biosensing. Thanks to the control over their size, shape, and fabrication, DNA origami represents a unique opportunity to assemble dynamic and complex devices with precise and predictable structural characteristics. Combined with the addressability and flexibility of the chemistry for DNA functionalization, DNA origami allows the precise design of sensors capable of detecting a large range of different targets, encompassing RNA, DNA, proteins, small molecules, or changes in physico-chemical parameters, that could serve as diagnostic tools. Here, we review some recent, salient developments in DNA origami-based sensors centered on optical detection methods (readout) with a special emphasis on the sensitivity, the selectivity, and response time. We also discuss challenges that still need to be addressed before this approach can be translated into robust diagnostic devices for bio-medical applications.
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Cardos, Alexandra Ioana, Adriana Maghiar, Dana Carmen Zaha, Ovidiu Pop, Luminita Fritea, Florina Miere (Groza), and Simona Cavalu. "Evolution of Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infections: From Traditional Tests to High Technology, Advanced Sensitivity and Discrimination Tools." Diagnostics 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020508.
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Rapid diagnosis and treatment application in the early stages of H. pylori infection plays an important part in inhibiting the transmission of this infection as this bacterium is involved in various gastric pathologies such as gastritis, gastro-duodenal ulcer, and even gastric neoplasia. This review is devoted to a quick overview of conventional and advanced detection techniques successfully applied to the detection of H. pylori in the context of a compelling need to upgrade the standards of the diagnostic methods which are currently being used. Selecting the best diagnostic method implies evaluating different features, the use of one or another test depending on accessibility, laboratories equipment, and the clinical conditions of patients. This paper aims to expose the diagnosis methods for H. pylori that are currently available, highlighting their assets and limitations. The perspectives and the advantages of nanotechnology along with the concept of nano(bio)sensors and the development of lab-on-chip devices as advanced tools for H. pylori detection, differentiation, and discrimination is also presented, by emphasizing multiple advantages: simple, fast, cost-effective, portable, miniaturized, small volume of samples required, highly sensitive, and selective. It is generally accepted that the development of intelligent sensors will completely revolutionize the acquisition procedure and medical decision in the framework of smart healthcare monitoring systems.
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Saddow, Stephen. "Silicon Carbide Technology for Advanced Human Healthcare Applications." Micromachines 13, no. 3 (February 22, 2022): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13030346.
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Silicon carbide (SiC) is a highly robust semiconductor material that has the potential to revolutionize implantable medical devices for human healthcare, such as biosensors and neuro-implants, to enable advanced biomedical therapeutic applications for humans. SiC is both bio and hemocompatible, and is already commercially used for long-term human in vivo applications ranging from heart stent coatings and dental implants to short-term diagnostic applications involving neural implants and sensors. One challenge facing the medical community today is the lack of biocompatible materials which are inherently smart or, in other words, capable of electronic functionality. Such devices are currently implemented using silicon technology, which either has to be hermetically sealed so it does not directly interact with biological tissue or has a short lifetime due to instabilities in vivo. Long-term, permanently implanted devices such as glucose sensors, neural interfaces, smart bone and organ implants, etc., require a more robust material that does not degrade over time and is not recognized and rejected as a foreign object by the inflammatory response. SiC has displayed these exceptional material properties, which opens up a whole new host of applications and allows for the development of many advanced biomedical devices never before possible for long-term use in vivo. This paper is a review of the state-of-the art and discusses cutting-edge device applications where SiC medical devices are poised to translate to the commercial marketplace.
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Kumar, Manoj, and S. Z. Hussain. "An efficient and secure mutual authentication protocol in wireless body area network." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Pervasive Health and Technology 9 (July 13, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eetpht.9.3114.
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Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is an emerging field which is gaining a lot of attention in healthcare sector. It facilitates remote monitoring by gathering health related data using wearable bio-sensors based on IOT. This technological advancement would significantly improve the tracking of fitness, health care delivery, medical diagnostics, early disease prediction, and associated medical dealings of any individual. Several challenges persist in WBAN due to its openness and mobility. The medical data is extremely sensitive and personal in nature therefore it must be protected at any cost while being communicated between nodes. Highly resource constrained tiny sized bio-sensors restrict the usage of energy seeking traditional cryptographic techniques and hence require new methods to be evolved to secure the communication. The current study proposes a lightweight mutual authentication based key agreement scheme which is dependent on XOR operations and cryptographic hash functions. BAN logic is used for formal verification and automatic security verification tool Scyther is used for the analysis of security protocol. Proposed scheme is compared with other related works on 15 key security parameters which are identified on the basis of literature survey. The results indicate that the proposed scheme follows all the security parameters and performs better in terms of computation cost, energy consumption, communication cost and storage requirement as compared with other schemes.
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Xu, Nicole, and John Dabiri. "Bio-Inspired Ocean Exploration." Oceanography, 2022, 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.214.
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Substantial efforts have been made to expand our knowledge of the physics, biology, chemistry, and geography of the ocean using state-of-the-art measurement tools. With new global projects and technological advances, the collaborative efforts of the Ocean Decade (2021–2030) are well on the way to revolutionizing our knowledge of ocean sciences and sustainability. Yet even today, over three-quarters of the seafloor is still unmapped, more than 90% of marine life still awaits discovery and classification, and the number of ocean sensors required to study global phenomena at sufficient temporal and spatial resolutions is seemingly intractable. To address this challenge, new approaches such as bio-inspired robotics can expand our existing toolbox and bridge this knowledge gap. The concept of biology-inspired engineering has emerged as a powerful tool to complement traditional engineering approaches to technology development. For example, specific swimming features of jellyfish and fish have been applied to a variety of fields, from vehicular propulsion to wind energy to medical diagnostics. In particular, jellyfish are advantageous model organisms because of their energy efficiency, with the lowest known cost of transport compared to other animals, as well as their ubiquity and survivability in various ocean environments. In this article we highlight the evolution of research into jellyfish-inspired robotic constructs and their potential applications in ocean exploration. After initial projects using entirely engineered materials (i.e., jellyfish-inspired submarine propellers) and tissue engineering methods (i.e., rat cardiac cells seeded on flexible films), recent work to integrate microelectronic systems onto live jellyfish demonstrates that their swimming speeds can be increased (up to three times compared to their baselines) and their energy efficiency can be improved (up to four times compared to their baselines). This shows promise for the robotic control of jellyfish in real-world oceanic environments, where the animals are already distributed globally. Future work can improve the maneuverability of these bio-hybrid jellyfish robots, incorporate miniaturized sensors to profile regions of interest, and ultimately deploy swarms of these low-power, low-cost robots to obtain high-resolution data and improve ocean climate models. The synergy of bio-inspired technologies with existing ocean measurement tools holds promise to push the frontiers of ocean exploration and stewardship.
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Nguyen, Toan, Duc Trung Nguyen, Hanh Hong Mai, Nhat Pham, Van Duong Ta, and Tien Anh Nguyen. "Biological miniature temperature sensor based on monodisperse microsphere lasers fabricated by soft microfluidic technology." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, July 20, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac8296.
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Abstract Microsphere biolasers employing biological materials as their cavity matrix have attracted tremendous research attention due to their potential for bio-integration, cell-tracking and biosensing. Several techniques have been applied for fabricating microsphere biolasers such as emulsion and vacuum freeze-drying but the current technology generally can not control the output size of the laser and therefore hinder them from many applications. In this work, we demonstrate that a low-cost microfluidic device can be very effective in fabricating nearly monodisperse dye-doped protein microspheres with up to 70% of them having the same size. Under optical pumping, these microspheres emit lasing emission with a lasing threshold of ~1 µJ and a quality (Q) factor of ~2.5×103. The lasing mechanism is ascribed to whispering gallery mode. Furthermore, the obtained microlasers can be employed for temperature sensing based on the wavelength shift of lasing mode with increasing temperature. The sensor sensitivity in the measured range of 25÷50 °C is about 0.47 nm/°C. More interestingly, microlasers of the same size exhibit a very similar sensing performance which confirm their high reproducibility and reliability. Owing to the biocompatibility and small size, these miniature laser-based sensors can be implantable in skins and tissues for biological studies and medical diagnostic.
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Iravani, Siavash, and Rajender S. Varma. "MXene-Based Composites as Nanozymes in Biomedicine: A Perspective." Nano-Micro Letters 14, no. 1 (November 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00958-7.
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AbstractMXene-based nanozymes have garnered considerable attention because of their potential environmental and biomedical applications. These materials encompass alluring and manageable catalytic performances and physicochemical features, which make them suitable as (bio)sensors with high selectivity/sensitivity and efficiency. MXene-based structures with suitable electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, large surface area, optical/magnetic properties, and thermal/mechanical features can be applied in designing innovative nanozymes with area-dependent electrocatalytic performances. Despite the advances made, there is still a long way to deploy MXene-based nanozymes, especially in medical and healthcare applications; limitations pertaining the peroxidase-like activity and sensitivity/selectivity may restrict further practical applications of pristine MXenes. Thus, developing an efficient surface engineering tactic is still required to fabricate multifunctional MXene-based nanozymes with excellent activity. To obtain MXene-based nanozymes with unique physicochemical features and high stability, some crucial steps such as hybridization and modification ought to be performed. Notably, (nano)toxicological and long-term biosafety analyses along with clinical translation studies still need to be comprehensively addressed. Although very limited reports exist pertaining to the biomedical potentials of MXene-based nanozymes, the future explorations should transition toward the extensive research and detailed analyses to realize additional potentials of these structures in biomedicine with a focus on clinical and industrial aspects. In this perspective, therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic applications of MXene-based nanozymes are deliberated with a focus on future perspectives toward more successful clinical translational studies. The current state-of-the-art biomedical advances in the use of MXene-based nanozymes, as well as their developmental challenges and future prospects are also highlighted. In view of the fascinating properties of MXene-based nanozymes, these materials can open significant new opportunities in the future of bio- and nanomedicine.