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Journal articles on the topic "Medical care – Political aspects – Germany"
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Elstner, S. "German mental health care in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (idd) in comparison to other European countries." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.925.
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IntroductionIn Germany, mental health care in people with IDD is mostly determined by experts’ opinions. Particularities of the psychiatric assessment and treatment of people with IDD and a co-morbid psychiatric disorder are taught neither at medical schools nor in the scope of the medical training of psychiatrists.ObjectivesThe present study examined the influence of socio-political aspects of health care on quality and organisation of mental health care in people with IDD.MethodsVarious aspects of health care systems in Germany and three other European countries were explored and juxtaposed subsequently with a special developed questionnaire.ResultsThe health care systems of four different European countries differ in socio-economical, educational and system-financed aspects.ConclusionsDiffering organisational levels of national health care systems and socio-economical aspects within these countries contribute to the organisation of the mental health care system in people with IDD. Suggestions for a better harmonisation of European mental health care in people with IDD are offered.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
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Giese, Constanze. "German Nurses, Euthanasia and Terminal Care: a Personal Perspective." Nursing Ethics 16, no. 2 (March 2009): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733008100368.
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The nursing profession in Germany is facing a public debate on legal and ethical questions concerning euthanasia on request and physician-assisted suicide. However, it seems questionable if the profession itself, individual nurses or the professional associations are prepared to be involved in such a public debate. To understand this hesitation, the present situation is considered in the light of the tradition and history of professional care in Germany. Obedience to medical as well as to religious authorities was long part of nurses' professional identity, but is no longer relevant. The lack of reflection and discussion on how to take a balanced view of ethical and political questions concerning nursing, and the role and responsibility of nurses in end-of-life decisions and situations of caring for dying people are discussed using the situation of nurses in the Netherlands as a comparison.
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Shlapko, T., M. Starynskyi, and V. Myrhorod-Karpova. "European landmarks for health care reform in Ukraine compared to Germany." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 68 (March 24, 2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.68.16.
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The article is devoted to improving the legal regulation of health care in Ukraine in the light of European integration processes, using the experience of Germany. This issue is relevant both in Ukraine and abroad, as the health care systems of many countries are currently in need of improvement and indepth research, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
As a country with a vector to join the European Union, Ukraine must meet precise criteria for membership in this economic and political union and continue to reform the health care system. This article discusses the main German regulations concerning the health care system. The main problems that arise during medical services and their financing are summarized. The newest aspects of health care development are considered; in particular, the influence of digitalization on the development of health care, in general, is studied. The emergence, development, and further prospects of digitalization in Germany and Ukraine are analyzed in detail. The latest information and electronic technologies are mentioned, based on which there is a direct connection between patients, healthcare professionals and other participants in relations in healthcare field.
Initiatives for digitalization in European countries, including Germany, which are gradually improving the functioning of the electronic health care system in Germany, are considered because the Federal Ministry of Health receives feedback from consumers of innovative technologies, namely ePa, eHealth, and others. The introduction of new technologies is not unilateral but rather bilateral because citizens can express their views on the functioning of the new electronic system. Ukraine, in turn, is adopting the experience of Germany and implementing it in our electronic healthcare system.
The conclusion is made about perspective directions of state regulation in the sphere of reforming the health care system in Ukraine, taking into account the European experience. Particular attention is paid to highlighting what Ukraine can borrow from Germany to improve its health care system and ensure and improve the quality of medical services.
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Suttmeier, Richard P. "Chinese Scientists and Responsibility: Ethical Issues of Human Genetics in Chinese International Contexts. Edited by OLE DÖRING. [Hamburg: Institut für Asienkunde, Mitteilungen des Instituts für Asienkunde, 1999. 257 pp. DM 38.00. ISBN 3-88910-227-1.]." China Quarterly 181 (March 2005): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741005280104.
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It has been more than 80 years since Chinese intellectuals, struggling with the complexities of “science and philosophy of life,” debated the challenges of finding the moral wisdom needed to apply new scientific knowledge in ethically responsible ways. Could a moral compass be found? Would it be discovered in Chinese culture, or would it come from the West?Advances in science and technology during the course of the 20th century have often outpaced progress in understanding “science and philosophy of life.” Nevertheless, the importance of the ethical dimensions of science and technology has increased in all countries, and there is little doubt that the new technologies of the early 21st century are already bestowing on us new moral conundrums. As advanced technologies and scientific research capabilities diffuse around the world, the ethical traditions which inform moral choice seemingly become more heterogeneous, and the need for reasoned, cross-cultural moral discourse increases. The Institut für Asienkunde in Hamburg is therefore to be congratulated for convening the “First International and Interdisciplinary Symposium on Aspects of Medical Ethics in China,” from which the 15 papers in this volume come.There is no easy way to summarize the diversity of views presented in this provocative conference report. The authors include practising scientists from China and students of bioethics from China, Malaysia, Germany and the United States. But, the theme of eugenics – especially the ways in which advances in human genetics affect our moral stance towards eugenics – link a number of the papers. The atrocities of Nazi Germany strongly condition the views of the Western authors. Reacting, perhaps, to China's 1994 Law on Maternal and Infant Health Care, the latter seem to be urging Chinese researchers, medical practitioners, ethicists and policymakers to take the German experience to heart – even as China embraces the promises of the new genetic technologies. Thus, historian Sheila Faith Weiss' “Prelude to the maelstrom,” an informative account of the origins of Nazi eugenics in the 19th and early 20th-century culture of German medicine, is not so subtly subtitled, “A cautionary tale for contemporary China?” The Chinese authors acknowledge this “cautionary tale,” but also speak to the ethical challenges of new genetic technologies from a tradition with its own understandings of how practical knowledge and moral purpose are related, and how individual and collective well-being are reconciled.
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Gattermann, Norbert, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Axel Meessen, Stephan Schmitz, Anton Tsamaloukas, Tanja Vollmer, Ulrich Wedding, Carlotta Plesnila-Frank, Wolfgang Schramm, and Karin Berger. "Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Aspects of Current Medical Care and Economic Considerations in Germany." Onkologie 31, no. 8-9 (2008): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000142900.
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Renger, F., and A. Czirfusz. "Aspects of the Level of Digitisation in Medical Care in Germany: Development of a Typology." Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention 13, no. 5 (September 22, 2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22359/cswhi_13_5_05.
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Introduction. Today, most people own smartphones, which fit into their pockets and are more powerful than the first supercomputers, and which they can use to communicate, stream music or measure their pulse. There is no end in sight to this rapid technological development. This also applies to the rapidly growing volume of health-related data. Objectives: In doctor’s practices, medical data, such as medical history, blood test results and diagnostic findings, are recorded directly in the computer system. In biomedical research entire genomes, for example those of malignant tumors, are sequenced almost routinely and are also stored and processed electronically. And, more and more people are themselves using smartphone apps, wearables and in future perhaps also implanted biosensors for continuously measuring their blood pressure, blood sugar levels and pulse. Methodology: In qualitative social research, there are only a few approaches that involve a detailed explanation and systematization of the typology process. As the concept of type is of central importance for qualitative social research, it is crucial to clarify the concept and the process of typology, as presented by Kluge in her essay published in the FQM (Forum for Qualitative Social Research). In the evaluation of secondary data from the KBV (National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians), the methodology of this approach is based on the procedure of typology development according to Kluge (2000), with the aim of demonstrating a systematic and transparent development of types and typologies in the digitization process.
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Mueller, Evelyn, Georg Bollig, Gerhild Becker, and Christopher Boehlke. "Lessons Learned from Introducing Last Aid Courses at a University Hospital in Germany." Healthcare 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070906.
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In recent years, so called “Last Aid courses”, concerning end-of-life care for people dying, have successfully been established in community settings in several European countries, Australia, and South-America. To date, they have not been evaluated in hospital settings, where educational needs (concerning care of the dying) are especially high, and may differ from the general population. To evaluate if Last Aid courses are feasible in hospital settings, and if informational needs of hospital staff are met by the curriculum, we introduced Last Aid courses at a university hospital. Five courses were offered; participants of courses 1 and 2 completed surveys with open-ended questions; the answers were used to develop the evaluation questionnaire employed in courses 3–5. In these three courses, 55 of the 56 participants completed an evaluation survey to explore their learning goals and obtain feedback. Courses were fully booked; participants were heterogeneous with regard to their professional background. The most prevalent learning goals were “preparation for emotional aspects in care of dying” (65.5% ratings “very important”), “preparation for medical/care aspects in care of dying” (60.0%), and “knowledge of supportive services and facilities” (54.5%). Overall, the evaluation showed that Last Aid courses were more suitable to educate non-medical hospital staff about care of the dying. Medical staff, in contrast to non-medical staff, more often requested courses with an extended curriculum in order to meet their learning goals. Last Aid courses were well accepted and helped to reduce information deficits on care of the dying in a heterogeneous population of hospital staff.
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Dröschel, Daniel, Stefan Walzer, and Lutz Vollmer. "Integrated Care Models in Germany – potential Market Access route for Medical Devices?" International Journal of Integrated Care 17, no. 5 (October 17, 2017): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.3748.
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GANDJOUR, AFSCHIN. "Autonomy, Coercion, and Public Healthcare Guarantees: The Uptake of Sofosbuvir in Germany." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180120000596.
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AbstractHealth insurance coverage for incarcerated citizens is generally acceptable by Western standards. However, it creates internal tensions with the prevailing justifications for public healthcare. In particular, a conceptualization of medical care as a source of autonomy enhancement does not align with the decreased autonomy of incarceration and the needs-based conceptualization of medical care in cases of imprisonment; and rejecting responsibility as a criterion for assigning medical care conflicts with the use of responsibility as a criterion for assigning punishment. The recent introduction of sofosbuvir in Germany provides a particularly instructive illustration of such tensions. It requires searching for a refined reflective equilibrium regarding the scope, limits, and justifications of publicly guaranteed care.
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GIAIMO, SUSAN. "Health Care Reform in Britain and Germany: Recasting the Political Bargain with the Medical Profession." Governance 8, no. 3 (July 1995): 354–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.1995.tb00215.x.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical care – Political aspects – Germany"
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Krapf, Elizabeth Maria. "Euthanasia, the Ethics of Patient Care and the Language of Propaganda." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/606.
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This thesis is an examination of euthanasia, eugenics, the ethic of patient care, and linguistic propaganda in the Second World War. The examination of euthanasia discusses not only the history and involvement of the facility at Hadamar in Germany, but also discuss the current euthanasia debate. Euthanasia in World War II arose out of the Nazi desire to cleanse the Reich and was greatly influenced by the American eugenics movement of the early 20th century. Eugenics was built up to include anyone considered undesirable and unworthy of life and killed many thousands of people before the invasion of allied troops in 1944. Paramount to euthanasia is forced sterilization, the ethic of patient care, and how the results of the research conducted on euthanasia victims before their deaths should be used. The Nazis were able to change the generally accepted terms that researchers use to describe their experiments and this change affected how modern doctors and researchers use the terms in current research. This thesis includes research conducted in Germany and the United States from varied resources.
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Bhatia, Vandna Coleman William D. "Political discourse and policy change: Health reform in Canada and Germany /." *McMaster only, 2004.
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Morrell, Eric Douglas. "WHO ARE YOU CALLING NORMAL! – THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIES FUNCTION AND HEALTH CARE JUSTICE." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1699.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008.Includes vitae. Department of Philosophy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) Advisor(s): Peter H. Schwartz. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-66)
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Ng, Suk-han Christina, and 伍淑嫺. "The health policy network and policy community in Hong Kong: from concertation to pressure pluralism." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628569.
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Na, Seonsam. "A rebellion in the Korean medicine community : an ethnography of healthcare politics in contemporary South Korea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:526e2629-3faf-4d64-9d8d-ce5a3734be98.
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This thesis explores South Korean healthcare politics based on a series of inter-generational conflicts that occurred in a medical community in 2012. The conflicts broke out among 'doctors of Korean medicine', a medical profession unique to Korea practicing a form of medicine of East Asian origin that has recently undergone significant 'bio-medicalization'. Doctors of Korean medicine have the same status as doctors of Western medicine in the country's mainstream healthcare system, although the purview of their practice is legally demarcated. Government policies aimed at the industrialization of pharmaceuticals and the promotion of health among Korea's elderly population were the source of the conflicts that escalated into a group of junior doctors leading to what could be considered a 'rebellion' against the community leaders. The thesis investigates first the socioeconomic and political backgrounds of the conflict. It proposes that elements of intra- and inter-professional politics and the aftermath of the country's re-democratization, economic shock and demographic transition were all important factors. Second, it explores the nature of the rebellion itself by focusing on the emergence of a set of norms and values and on the 'ritual-like' interactions observed during the event. The analysis reveals that during the conflicts the actors referenced certain values and ideologies underpinning their everyday lives and, in doing so, were effectively engaged in the strengthening, rather than the weakening, of existing social structures. This thesis contributes to the study of Korean medicine by revealing the features of its integration into the country's healthcare system and the effects of its bio-medicalization. By describing the process by which new online-based agents of a social movement emerged, it also contributes to the study of hyper-connectivity in Korean society. Finally, the ethnography contributes to the anthropological study of East Asian medicine by illustrating the importance of institutional factors such as politics and the economy in capturing the modes of its contemporary presence.
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Ormond, Meghann E. "International medical travel and the politics of therapeutic place-making in Malaysia." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1681.
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This thesis examines the shifting relationship between the state and its subjects with regard to responsibility for and entitlement to care. Using Malaysia as a case study the research engages with international medical travel (IMT) as an outcome of the neoliberal retrenchment of the welfare state. I offer a critical reading of postcolonial development strategies that negotiate the benefits and challenges of extending care to non-national subjects. The research draws from relevant media, private-sector and governmental documents and 49 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with IMT proponents and critics representing federal, state and urban governmental authorities, professional associations, civil society, private medical facilities and medical travel agencies in Malaysia’s principal IMT regions (Klang Valley, Penang and Malacca). Across four empirical chapters, the thesis demonstrates how ‘Malaysia’ gets positioned as a destination within a range of imagined geographies of care through a strategic-relational logic of care and hospitality. I argue that this positioning places ‘Malaysian’ subjects and spaces into lucrative global networks in ways that underscore particular narratives of postcolonial hybridity that draw from Malaysia’s ‘developing country’, ‘progressive, moderate Islamic’ and ‘multiethnic’ credentials. In considering the political logics of care-giving, I explore how the extension of care can serve as a place-making technology to re-imagine the state as a provider and protector within a globalising marketplace in which care, increasingly commodified, is tied to the production of new political, social, cultural and economic geographies.
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White, Jill Fredryce. "The commodification of caring : a search for understanding of the impact of the New Zealand health reforms on nursing practice and the nursing profession : a journey of the heart /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw5822.pdf.
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Bonetto, Michael J. "State legislators' knowledge and perceptions of medical savings accounts and the U.S. health care system : identifying future compromises to health care reform." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28852.
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As researchers, policymakers and employers begin focusing
on consumer driven health plan models and medical savings
accounts (MSAs), a better understanding of the political
viability of such reform initiatives is necessary. The
purpose of this study was to survey state legislators'
knowledge and perceptions of medical savings accounts
(MSAs) and the U.S. health care system in order to identify
potential future compromises to health care reform. In
February 2004, 201 state legislators from nine states
(Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Hawaii, Iowa, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Minnesota and Washington) participated in an
on-line survey. The findings from this study revealed
significant differences between Republican and Democratic
state legislators in their attitudes towards MSAs, level of
satisfaction of the U.S. health care system, and overall
perceptions of the current and future health care systems.
Republican state legislators were 24 times more likely to
support MSAs than Democrats. Results also indicated the
following three areas had possible bipartisan support for
future initiatives: making individuals aware of the actual
costs of health care services, providing equitable access
to health care services for all individuals, and providing
equal tax treatment for those individuals without employer-sponsored
health insurance.Graduation date: 2006
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Suh, Julia. "The Paradox of Post-Abortion Care: A Global Health Intervention at the Intersection of Medicine, Criminal Justice and Transnational Population Politics in Senegal." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8BV7DR7.
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Sociologists have used boundary work theory to explore the strategies deployed by professionals to define and defend jurisdictional authority in the arenas of the public, the law and the workplace. My dissertation investigates how medical providers and public health professionals negotiate authority over abortion in Senegal. Although induced abortion is prohibited in Senegal, medical providers are permitted to treat complications of spontaneous and induced abortion, known as post-abortion care (PAC). Introduced to Senegal in the late 1990s, the national PAC program is primarily supported by American development aid. This study explores how medical providers manage complications of abortion and in particular, how they circumvent the involvement of criminal justice authorities when they encounter suspected cases of illegal abortion. I also study how boundary work is accomplished transnationally through the practice of PAC within the policy framework of American anti-abortion population assistance and the national prohibition on abortion. Findings are based on an institutional ethnography of Senegal's national PAC program conducted over a period of 19 months between 2009 and 2011. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews with 89 individuals, observation of PAC services, and review of PAC records at three hospitals. I also conducted an archival review of abortion and PAC in court records, the media, and public health literature. Findings show that medical providers and public health professionals perform discursive, technical and written boundary work strategies to maintain authority over PAC. Although these strategies have successfully integrated PAC into maternal health care, they have reinforced the stigma of abortion for women and health professionals. They have also reproduced gendered disparities in access to quality reproductive health care. PAC has been implemented in nearly 50 countries worldwide with varying legal restrictions on abortion. This study illustrates not only how medical professionals practice abortion care in such settings, but also how they navigate a precarious array of medical, legal and global health obligations.
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Usher, Kimberley. "The politics of health care reform: a comparative analysis of South Africa, Sweden and Canada." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20077.
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Text in EnglishSouth Africa is currently in the process health care reform as the Government has undertaken the task of providing universal health care to all South Africans through the implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHI). This study took an in-depth look at the history and progression of the post-1994 South African health care policy, and applied the Power Resources Theory to the political economy of the current health care reform process in South Africa. Through a comparative study of the pivotal elements in the phases of health reform in Canada and Sweden this study drew lessons for the design and implementation of universal public health care provision in South Africa. This study found that a strong culture of care, strong political will, active civil society participation and a focus on equality as opposed to poverty in the creation of policy is essential to a successful implementation of universal health care.
Sociology
M.A. (Sociology)
Books on the topic "Medical care – Political aspects – Germany"
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1942-, Light Donald, and Schuller Alexander, eds. Political values and health care: The German experience. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1986.
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L' espace politique de la santé: Essai de généalogie. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1996.
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Manow, Philip. Gesundheitspolitik im Einigungsprozess. Frankfurt: Campus, 1994.
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Taiwan yi liao fa zhan shi: Yi zheng guan xi. Taibei Shi: Hong ye wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2006.
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Reyes, Esperanza. En nombre del Estado: Servidores públicos en una microrred de salud en la costa rural del Perú. Lima: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, 2007.
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Health care and politics: An insider's view on managing and sustaining health care in Canada. Montréal, Quebec, Canada: Vehicule Press, 2015.
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Paton, Calum R. Health policy and management: The health-care agenda in a British political context. London: Chapman & Hall, 1996.
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Taillon, Ruth. Prescription for disaster: The impact of health service cuts on West Belfast. Belfast: West Belfast Economic Forum, 1993.
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Carquez, Freddy. La crisis sanitario-asistencial venezolana: Los proyectos privatizadores y las politicas del estado. Valencia, Venezuela: Universidad de Carabobo, 1995.
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Politics and primary medical care: Dehumanization and overutilization. Aldershot, Hants, England: Avebury, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Medical care – Political aspects – Germany"
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Thust, Wolfdieter. "Political-Medical Allocations in the Compulsory Health Insurance Program in the Federal Republic of Germany." In Health Care Systems, 255–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7807-3_14.
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"Clinical aspects of medical and social support for patients with alcohol intoxication in medical emergency care department." In Drug Cultures and Policy in Germany, Central Asia and China, 59–68. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748914037-59.
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Gesler, Wil. "Medical Geography." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0043.
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Medical geographers employ geographical concepts and techniques to study issues related to disease and health. In its early stages of development as a distinct geographic subdiscipline, from the 1950s and into the 1980s, medical geography focused on disease ecology and health-care delivery as topics and spatial analysis as technique. These three areas have maintained their importance and research productivity within them has increased over the last decade. At the same time, since the 1980s, medical geography has evolved into new areas of concern. Both those who continue to call themselves medical geographers and those who do not identify closely with the subdiscipline have moved toward a geography of health that is less concerned with disease and the medical world and more with well-being and social models of health and health care (Rosenberg 1998). Health geography is characterized by an emphasis on place and place meaning, grounding in socio-cultural theory, and a critical perspective on health issues (Kearns and Moon 2000). The evolution of medical geography led to lively debates in the mid-1990s (Kearns 1993; Mayer and Meade 1994; Litva and Eyles 1995; Philo 1996) that have been put into historical perspective by Del Casino and Dorn (1998). By the end of the 1990s, the dichotomy between old and new medical geographers constructed during the debate was giving way to complementarity and synthesis. As examples, disease ecology was opened out to include political economic concerns (Mayer 1996) and multi-level modeling combined aspects of spatial analysis with a focus on place (Duncan et al. 1996; Verheij 1999). The structure of this chapter results from a decision made by the Medical Geography Specialty Group (MGSG) to base its contribution to this volume on papers presented at two special sessions on “Retrospect and Prospect” during the 1998 Association of American Geographers meetings in Boston. The six presenters were Michael Greenberg on disease ecology, Ellen Cromley on health services, Gerard Rushton on spatial analysis, Susan Elliott on women’s health, Jennifer Wolch on mental health, and Joseph Scarpaci on the developing world.
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Gross, Michael L. "Patient Rights and Practitioner Duties." In Military Medical Ethics in Contemporary Armed Conflict, edited by Michael L. Gross, 35–55. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190694944.003.0003.
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In military medicine, the goals of war transform patient rights and practitioner duties. Attention to conserving mission readiness and maintaining one’s fitness for duty limits soldiers’ rights to refuse standard medical care, initiate DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) orders, maintain privacy, and demand confidentiality. At the same time, however, military medical practitioners are expected to maintain impartiality and neutrality. In wartime, both are problematic. The imperative of military necessity may override impartiality while medical staff members tending compatriot warfighters are not neutral. Special, associative duties of care, moreover, may demand preferential treatment for compatriots at the expense of the medical needs of others. Citing dual loyalty, some observers call on military medical personnel to choose between their medical and military obligations. Dual loyalty, however, is a false dichotomy that obscures the moral tension between collective and individual interests coloring all aspects of political and military ethics.
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Riese, Florian. "Switzerland." In Dementia Care: International Perspectives, 273–78. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796046.003.0036.
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It is estimated that 110,000 people in Switzerland are affected by dementia. Access to professional dementia care is good. The Swiss mandatory health insurance extensively covers medical inpatient and outpatient treatment and the cost of medicines, as well as nursing care. Due to the decentralized organization of the Swiss political and healthcare systems, variation exists in dementia services across the country and there are no nationwide integrated care pathways and no disease registry. Despite the availability of 36 memory clinics, the majority of dementia cases are diagnosed and treated outside specialized services. In 2013, a National Dementia Strategy was initiated to promote the expansion, improvement, and standardization of services. Dementia research in Switzerland is particularly strong in neurobiology, while clinical and health services research is only recently receiving more attention. There are three aspects of its dementia care of which Switzerland is particularly proud: (1) the healthcare system offers access to high-quality acute and long-term dementia care covered by mandatory health insurance, (2) dementia is widely accepted as a public health priority in the ageing Swiss society, and (3) Switzerland initiated a National Dementia Strategy in 2014 that is currently in its implementation phase. In terms of improvement, dementia care pathways could improve the coordination of care between sectors and reduce regional variation in care. Family members and informal caregivers need to be recognized more and supported in their work, and planning of care could be facilitated by creating epidemiological databases on dementia.
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Cohen, Mary Ann, and Joseph Z. Lux. "Palliative and Spiritual Care of Persons with HIV and AIDS." In Handbook of AIDS Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372571.003.0016.
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Palliative care of persons with HIV and AIDS has changed over the course of the first three decades of the pandemic. The most radical shifts occurred in the second decade with the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy and other advances in HIV care. In the United States and throughout the world, progress in prevention of HIV transmission has not kept pace with progress in treatment, thus the population of persons living with AIDS continues to grow. Furthermore, economic, psychiatric, social, and political barriers leave many persons without access to adequate HIV care. As a result, persons who lack access to care may need palliative care for late-stage AIDS while persons with access to AIDS treatments are more likely to need palliative care for multimorbid medical illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, pulmonary disease, and renal disease. Palliative care of persons with HIV and AIDS cannot be confined to the end of life. We present palliative care on a continuum as part of an effort to alleviate suffering and attend to pain, emotional distress, and existential anxiety during the course of the illness. We will provide guidelines for psychiatric and palliative care and pain management to help persons with AIDS cope better with their illnesses and live their lives to the fullest extent, and minimize pain and suffering for them and their loved ones. This chapter reviews basic concepts and definitions of palliative and spiritual care, as well as the distinct challenges facing clinicians involved in HIV palliative care. Finally, issues such as bereavement, cultural sensitivity, communication, and psychiatric contributions to common physical symptom control are reviewed. The terms palliative care and palliative medicine are often used interchangeably. Modern palliative care has evolved from the hospice movement into a more expansive network of clinical care delivery systems with components of home care and hospital-based services (Butler et al., 1996; Stjernsward and Papallona, 1998). Palliative care must meet the needs of the “whole person,” including the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of suffering (World Health Organization, 1990).
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Winiger, Fabian. "The Spirituality of Others and the WHO Discourse on Traditional Medicine." In The Spirit of Global Health, 83–112. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865502.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter draws on primary literature published since the early 1970s to reconstruct three distinctive discourses behind the WHO’s interest in ‘traditional medicine’: the hope that it would provide the ‘manpower’ needed to roll out primary healthcare reform in developing countries; the political desire of newly decolonized nations for cultural and economic independence; and the idea that indigenous herbal remedies provided a repository of ‘active ingredients’ that would reduce the cost of medical care. Each rationale produced a distinctive accommodation of the inexplicable, ‘spiritual’ aspects of ‘traditional medicine’. Though the driving forces behind this development are diffuse, this chapter shows that the WHO’s interest in this topic traced a meandering but steady path towards a greater acceptance of non-biomedical healing modalities and alternative epistemologies of healing and caring
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Cahill, Suzanne. "The right to a good quality of life at home and in the community." In Dementia and Human Rights. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447331377.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter addresses the topic of the everyday human rights and fundamental freedoms many of us take for granted but are often denied when a person develops dementia. These include the right to, when worried about our health obtain a medical diagnosis and be advised about this by a qualified primary care physician; the right to post diagnostic services including rehabilitation based on a multi-disciplinary assessment and the right to live in the community including a dementia friendly community and participate fully in all aspects of its civil social, economic and political life. The human rights issues directly relevant to the topics discussed in this chapter include Article 12 (equal recognition before the law), Article 25 (health services and early diagnosis), Article 26 (early rehabilitation based on a multi-disciplinary assessment and Article 19 (independent living and social inclusion).
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Batista, Sharon M., and Harold W. Goforth. "Diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorders." In Handbook of AIDS Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372571.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
As we enter the third decade of the AIDS pandemic, persons with AIDS are living longer and healthier lives as a result of appropriate medical care and advances in antiretroviral therapy. In the United States and throughout the world, however, some men, women, and children with AIDS are unable to benefit from this medical progress because of inadequate access to care. A multiplicity of barriers involving economic, social, political, and psychiatric factors contribute to this lack of access. For this and other reasons, psychiatric factors take on new relevance and meaning in this stage of the pandemic (Cohen, 2008). Psychiatric disorders and distress play a significant role in the transmission of, exposure to, and infection with HIV. They are thus relevant to HIV prevention, clinical care, and adherence to treatment throughout every aspect of illness from the initial risk behavior to death. Psychiatric disorders can result in considerable suffering, from diagnosis to end-stage illness. Persons with HIV and AIDS may have no psychiatric diagnosis at all or any diagnosis described in psychiatric nomenclature (Cohen and Alfonso, 2004; Cohen, 2008). In this chapter, we provide guidelines for the diagnosis of those psychiatric disorders that are most likely to complicate and perpetuate the HIV pandemic and pose diagnostic dilemmas for clinicians. Although we introduce aspects of treatment of each disorder, please see Chapters 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 for detailed descriptions of psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatment approaches to AIDS psychiatry. Consideration of a broad differential diagnosis is paramount in evaluating behavioral disorders in persons with HIV, especially when investigating medical and neuropsychiatric etiological factors related to HIV illness and its treatment. Since few persons with HIV have access to psychiatrists or other mental health clinicians, and even fewer have access to an AIDS psychiatrist, a summary of suggested key questions is provided here to aid HIV clinicians in detecting the underlying psychiatric diagnoses most frequently encountered in persons with HIV and AIDS. While these questions are by no means a substitute for comprehensive psychiatric evaluation (described in detail in Chapter 2 of this handbook), they can inform clinicians of the need for further assessment, emergency intervention, or referral to a psychiatrist.
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Harvey, David. "Uneven Geographical Developments." In A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199283262.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
A moving map of the progress of neoliberalization on the world stage since 1970 would be hard to construct. To begin with, most states that have taken the neoliberal turn have done so only partially–– the introduction of greater flexibility into labour markets here, a deregulation of financial operations and embrace of monetarism there, a move towards privatization of state-owned sectors somewhere else. Wholesale changes in the wake of crises (such as the collapse of the Soviet Union) can be followed by slow reversals as the unpalatable aspects of neoliberalism become more evident. And in the struggle to restore or establish a distinctive upper-class power all manner of twists and turns occur as political powers change hands and as the instruments of influence are weakened here or strengthened there. Any moving map would therefore feature turbulent currents of uneven geographical development that need to be tracked in order to understand how local transformations relate to broader trends. Competition between territories (states, regions, or cities) as to who had the best model for economic development or the best business climate was relatively insignificant in the 1950s and 1960s. Competition of this sort heightened in the more fluid and open systems of trading relations established after 1970. The general progress of neoliberalization has therefore been increasingly impelled through mechanisms of uneven geographical developments. Successful states or regions put pressure on everyone else to follow their lead. Leapfrogging innovations put this or that state (Japan, Germany, Taiwan, the US, or China), region (Silicon Valley, Bavaria, Third Italy, Bangalore, the Pearl River delta, or Botswana), or even city (Boston, San Francisco, Shanghai, or Munich) in the vanguard of capital accumulation. But the competitive advantages all too often prove ephemeral, introducing an extraordinary volatility into global capitalism. Yet it is also true that powerful impulses of neoliberalization have emanated, and even been orchestrated, from a few major epicentres. Clearly, the UK and the US led the way. But in neither country was the turn unproblematic. While Thatcher could successfully privatize social housing and the public utilities, core public services such as the national health-care system and public education remained largely immune.