Relevant bibliographies by topics / Medical care, Cost of - China - Hong Kong

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Medical care, Cost of - China - Hong Kong'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Medical care, Cost of - China - Hong Kong"

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Chung, Vincent C. H., Charlene H. L. Wong, Jessica Y. L. Ching, Wai Zhu Sun, Yan Li Ju, Sheung Sheung Hung, Wai Ling Lin, Ka Chun Leung, Samuel Y. S. Wong, and Justin C. Y. Wu. "Electroacupuncture plus standard of care for managing refractory functional dyspepsia: protocol of a pragmatic trial with economic evaluation." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e018430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018430.

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IntroductionThis trial proposes to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) plus on-demand gastrocaine with waiting list for EA plus on-demand gastrocaine in providing symptom relief and quality-of-life improvement among patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre, pragmatic, randomised parallel-group, superiority trial comparing the outcomes of (1) EA plus on-demand gastrocaine group and (2) waiting list to EA plus on-demand gastrocaine group. 132 (66/arm) endoscopically confirmed,Helicobacter pylori-negative patients with FD will be recruited. Enrolled patients will respectively be receiving (1) 20 sessions of EA over 10 weeks plus on-demand gastrocaine; or (2) on-demand gastrocaine and being nominated on to a waiting list for EA, which entitles them 20 sessions of EA over 10 weeks after 12 weeks of waiting. The primary outcome will be the between-group difference in proportion of patients achieving adequate relief of symptoms over 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes will include patient-reported change in global symptoms and individual symptoms, Nepean Dyspepsia Index, Nutrient Drink Test, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), and 7-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD7). Adverse events will be assessed formally. Results on direct medical costs and on the EuroQol (EQ-5D) questionnaire will also be used to assess cost-effectiveness. Analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle using appropriate univariate and multivariate methods. A mixed model analysis taking into account missing data of these outcomes will be performed. Cost-effectiveness analysis will be performed using established approach.Ethics and disseminationThe study is supported by the Health and Medical Research Fund, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. It has been approved by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong – New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and be disseminated in international conference.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IPC-15007109; Pre-result.
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Shen, Jiayi, Jiebin Chen, Zequan Zheng, Jiabin Zheng, Zherui Liu, Jian Song, Sum Yi Wong, et al. "An Innovative Artificial Intelligence–Based App for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM-AI): Development Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): e21573. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21573.

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Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can cause adverse consequences to both mothers and their newborns. However, pregnant women living in low- and middle-income areas or countries often fail to receive early clinical interventions at local medical facilities due to restricted availability of GDM diagnosis. The outstanding performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in disease diagnosis in previous studies demonstrates its promising applications in GDM diagnosis. Objective This study aims to investigate the implementation of a well-performing AI algorithm in GDM diagnosis in a setting, which requires fewer medical equipment and staff and to establish an app based on the AI algorithm. This study also explores possible progress if our app is widely used. Methods An AI model that included 9 algorithms was trained on 12,304 pregnant outpatients with their consent who received a test for GDM in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, a local hospital in South China, between November 2010 and October 2017. GDM was diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2011 diagnostic criteria. Age and fasting blood glucose were chosen as critical parameters. For validation, we performed k-fold cross-validation (k=5) for the internal dataset and an external validation dataset that included 1655 cases from the Prince of Wales Hospital, the affiliated teaching hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, a non-local hospital. Accuracy, sensitivity, and other criteria were calculated for each algorithm. Results The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of external validation dataset for support vector machine (SVM), random forest, AdaBoost, k-nearest neighbors (kNN), naive Bayes (NB), decision tree, logistic regression (LR), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) were 0.780, 0.657, 0.736, 0.669, 0.774, 0.614, 0.769, 0.742, and 0.757, respectively. SVM also retained high performance in other criteria. The specificity for SVM retained 100% in the external validation set with an accuracy of 88.7%. Conclusions Our prospective and multicenter study is the first clinical study that supports the GDM diagnosis for pregnant women in resource-limited areas, using only fasting blood glucose value, patients’ age, and a smartphone connected to the internet. Our study proved that SVM can achieve accurate diagnosis with less operation cost and higher efficacy. Our study (referred to as GDM-AI study, ie, the study of AI-based diagnosis of GDM) also shows our app has a promising future in improving the quality of maternal health for pregnant women, precision medicine, and long-distance medical care. We recommend future work should expand the dataset scope and replicate the process to validate the performance of the AI algorithms.
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Jiang, Xinchan, Jiaqi Yao, and Joyce Hoi-Sze You. "Cost-effectiveness of a Telemonitoring Program for Patients With Heart Failure During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Hong Kong: Model Development and Data Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): e26516. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26516.

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused patients to avoid seeking medical care. Provision of telemonitoring programs in addition to usual care has demonstrated improved effectiveness in managing patients with heart failure (HF). Objective We aimed to examine the potential clinical and health economic outcomes of a telemonitoring program for management of patients with HF during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of health care providers in Hong Kong. Methods A Markov model was designed to compare the outcomes of a care under COVID-19 (CUC) group and a telemonitoring plus CUC group (telemonitoring group) in a hypothetical cohort of older patients with HF in Hong Kong. The model outcome measures were direct medical cost, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the model assumptions and the robustness of the base-case results. Results In the base-case analysis, the telemonitoring group showed a higher QALY gain (1.9007) at a higher cost (US $15,888) compared to the CUC group (1.8345 QALYs at US $15,603). Adopting US $48,937/QALY (1 × the gross domestic product per capita of Hong Kong) as the willingness-to-pay threshold, telemonitoring was accepted as a highly cost-effective strategy, with an incremental cost-effective ratio of US $4292/QALY. No threshold value was identified in the deterministic sensitivity analysis. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, telemonitoring was accepted as cost-effective in 99.22% of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations. Conclusions Compared to the current outpatient care alone under the COVID-19 pandemic, the addition of telemonitoring-mediated management to the current care for patients with HF appears to be a highly cost-effective strategy from the perspective of health care providers in Hong Kong.
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Chan, Fredric, Raymond Wong, Gregory Cheng, and Joyce You. "Cost-effectiveness of two models of management for patients on chronic warfarin therapy – a Markov model analysis." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 90, no. 12 (2003): 1106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th03-06-0367.

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SummaryAllocation of additional resources for establishing or expanding anticoagulation clinic (AC) services is a significant concern for healthcare decision-makers when the payer is also the provider of the healthcare system. The majority of anticoagulated patients in Hong Kong are managed by routine medical care (RMC) instead of ACs, possibly due to the lack of local cost-effectiveness analysis of the AC setting. The aim was to compare the clinical and economic outcomes of anticoagulated patients who were managed by AC or RMC from the perspective of a public health organization in Hong Kong. A Markov model was designed to simulate, over 10 years, the economic and clinical outcomes of patients receiving chronic warfarin therapy managed by AC or RMC. The transition probabilities were derived from literature. Resource utilization was retrieved from patients managed by AC and RMC in Hong Kong. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the robustness of the model. The total number of events per 100 patient-years and the direct medical cost per patient-year in the AC and RMC groups were 9.5 and USD 840, and, 19.3 and USD 1,179, respectively. The results of the model were sensitive to the variation of the probability of major bleeding in the AC group. In conclusion, the coordinated care provided by an anticoagulation clinic appears to be more cost-effective than routine medical care in the management of warfarin therapy from the perspective of public health organization in Hong Kong.
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Shive, Glenn. "Refugees and Religion in Hong Kong: 1945–1960." International Journal of Asian Christianity 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25424246-00301007.

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This article points to the importance of religion for refugees and the migration process. After World War II and civil war in China, many refugees flocked to Hong Kong (HK) for safe haven in the British colony, and possible subsequent migration abroad. Christian congregations in HK, and missionaries who themselves were refugees from China, offered hospitality and support services across refugee groups. They advocated for the colonial government to help settle refugees by building low-cost urban housing, schools, medical clinics and new infrastructure. This new workforce was crucial to HK’s industrialization which took-off in the 1950s. With the decline of HK’s trade economy due to the Cold War embargo of China, many refugees became entrepreneurs-of-necessity by starting family businesses that absorbed migrant labour. Religiously-inspired assistance to refugees, from within one’s group and beyond, made a big difference in assimilating newcomers and helping them to rebuild their lives in adverse conditions. Beyond Christian responses, the article also explores the role of the Wong Tai Sin Taoist temple in Kowloon, itself uprooted from Guangzhou and replanted in HK. It reassured displaced people with cultural continuity to their ancestor halls and offered psycho-social assistance through spirit-writing divination, herbal medicine and Taoist worship adapted from rural Chinese villages to urban workers struggling to improve their lives and adapt to Hong Kong.
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Zhu, Lina. "Establishing Zhaoqing Medical Service System to Build the Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao Health Community." Advanced Emergency Medicine 9, no. 2 (July 14, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/aem.v9i2.163.

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<p>The construction of the Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao health community is not only an inherent requirement for the economic development and social progress of the Pearl River Delta region, but also an inevitable requirement for the realization of the healthy China strategy and the internationalization and modernization of medical and health care in the three cities. This article discusses answers to issues related to the Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao health community. It takes the construction of Zhaoqing medical service system in Guangdong Province as an entry point.</p>
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Lau, Joseph T. F., Edward M. F. Leung, and H. Y. Tsui. "Predicting Traditional Chinese Medicine's Use and the Marginalization of Medical Care in Hong Kong." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 29, no. 03n04 (January 2001): 547–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x01000575.

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The study examined the importance of socio-demographic factors, health conditions, health beliefs and health seeking behaviors in predicting the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in Hong Kong. A sample of 4,339 respondents was randomly selected and interviewed. Among the 1,651 respondents who had consulted a doctor in the three months prior to the survey, 8.6% consulted a TCM doctor. Besides, 13.5% of the entire sample reported that they had been using TCM drugs frequently or occasionally. Socio-demographic factors, health conditions, health beliefs and health seeking behaviors were all found predictive of the use of TCM. In particular, those who were older, female, new immigrants, unemployed, retired, had chronic disease such as rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, and those taking non-prescribed medication and not seeking treatment when falling ill were more likely to use TCM. Perceived difficulty in obtaining medical services and high medical cost also predicted TCM use. In sum, the findings suggest that TCM users are likely to be those who have been marginalized in obtaining medical care.
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Chan, E. Y. Y., P. P. Y. Lee, and J. M. S. Leung. "(P1-85) Health Seeking Behavior Post-Unintentional Household Injury in Hong Kong." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004171.

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BackgroundUnintentional household injuries are a major public health problem that affects large numbers of people. Various population-based surveys from the literature showed > 40% of households reporting an injury that required medical attention. However, there is a general lack in comprehensive population surveys to highlight the risk of post-injury, help-seeking behavior and its associated financial cost. This study is part of the urban, home-based injury epidemiological study series (2007–2010) in Hong Kong.MethodsA population-based, cross-sectional, random telephone survey was conducted using the last birthday method in 2009. A study instrument was developed and validated based on the modified Chinese World Health Organization guidelines for injury and violence surveys.ResultsThe study population comprised of non-institutionalized, Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong residents (n = 6,570). Among the 39.4% self-reported injuries within the past 12 months, only 8.6% of injured people had sought medical care. Respondents tended to seek medical care from the private setting in the first episode of post-injury treatment. Among health seekers, 70% of the injured participants reported having to seek a second treatment and the care-seeking pattern shifted from private to public medical service delivery setting. Predictors of service preferences were identified and discussed.ConclusionsMedical care seeking patterns post-unintentional household injury was identified. Medical and emergency services providers may wish to consider health service implications.
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Croll, P., B. Li, C. P. Wong, S. Gogia, A. Faud, Y. S. Kwak, S. Chu, et al. "Survey on Medical Records and EHR in Asia-Pacific Region." Methods of Information in Medicine 50, no. 04 (2011): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me11-02-0002.

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SummaryObjectives: To clarify health record background information in the Asia-Pacific region, for planning and evaluation of medical information systems.Methods: The survey was carried out in the summer of 2009. Of the 14 APAMI (Asia-Pacific Association for Medical Informatics) delegates 12 responded which were Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Taiwan.Results: English is used for records and education in Australia, Hong Kong, India, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan. Most of the countries/regions are British Commonwealth. Nine out of 12 delegates responded that the second purpose of medical records was for the billing of medical services. Seven out of nine responders to this question answered that the second purpose of EHR (Electronic Health Records) was healthcare cost cutting. In Singapore, a versatile resident ID is used which can be applied to a variety of uses. Seven other regions have resident IDs which are used for a varying range of purposes. Regarding healthcare ID, resident ID is simply used as healthcare ID in Hong Kong, Singapore and Thailand. In most cases, disclosure of medical data with patient’s name identified is allowed only for the purpose of disease control within a legal framework and for disclosure to the patient and referred doctors. Secondary use of medical information with the patient’s identification anonymized is usually allowed in particular cases for specific purposes.Conclusion: This survey on the health record background information has yielded the above mentioned results. This information contributes to the planning and evaluation of medical information systems in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Luk, Shik, Alex Yat Man Ho, Tak Keung Ng, Iris Hoi Ling Tsang, Eliza Hoi Ying Chan, Kin Wing Choi, Ngai Chong Tsang, et al. "Prevalence, Prediction, and Clonality of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusCarriage at Admission to Medical Units in Hong Kong, China." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 35, no. 1 (January 2014): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/674393.

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Objective.To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) colonization at the time of admission to acute medical units and to develop a cost-effective screening strategy.Methods.Nasal and groin screening cultures were performed for patients at admission to 15 acute medical units in all 7 catchment regions in Hong Kong. All MRSA isolates were subjected tospatyping.Results.The overall carriage rate of MRSA was 14.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.5–15.1). MRSA history within the past 12 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.60 [95% CI, 3.28–6.44]), old age home residence (adjusted OR, 3.32 [95% CI, 2.78–3.98]), and bedbound state (adjusted OR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.75–2.74]) were risk factors selected as MRSA screening criteria that provided reasonable sensitivity (67.4%) and specificity (81.8%), with an affordable burden (25.2%).spatyping showed that 89.5% (848/948) of the isolates were clustered into the 4spaclonal complexes (CCs):spaCC1081,spaCC032,spaCC002, andspaCC4677. Patients colonized with MRSAspatypes t1081 (OR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.49–2.09]) and t4677 (OR, 3.09 [95% CI, 1.54–6.02]) were more likely to be old age home residents.Conclusions.MRSA carriage at admission to acute medical units was prevalent in Hong Kong. Our results suggest that targeted screening is a pragmatic approach to increase the detection of the MRSA reservoir. Molecular typing suggests that old age homes are epicenters in amplifying the MRSA burden in acute hospitals. Enhancement of infection control measures in old age homes is important for the control of MRSA in hospitals.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical care, Cost of - China - Hong Kong"

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何知行 and Chi-hang Bruce Ho. "Health care financing options for Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966822.

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Fan, Yun-sun Susan, and 范瑩孫. "Medical insurance: the solution to health care financing in Hong Kong?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964047.

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Hon, Wai-ping Tiki, and 韓慧萍. "An analysis of policy options to tackle the problem of expanding expenditure in public healthcare in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965842.

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Cheng, Sau-kong, and 鄭守崗. "Diabetic end-stage renal disease (ESRD): can health care costs be saved through blood pressure control?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39723951.

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Ho, Chi-hang Bruce. "Health care financing options for Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25139526.

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Chan, Hung-yee, and 陳鴻儀. "Health care delivery and financing in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966445.

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So, Ping-cham, and 蘇炳湛. "Development of medical services in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43780556.

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Fan, Yun-sun Susan. "Medical insurance : the solution to health care financing in Hong Kong? /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13236404.

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Wong, Oi-ling Irene, and 黃愛玲. "Medical ecology of inpatient service utilization in Hong Kong: a population survey." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971337.

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Ho, Chi-wan Nelson, and 何志雲. "Factors affecting one's health care choice." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220873.

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Books on the topic "Medical care, Cost of - China - Hong Kong"

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Bedside manner: Hospital and health care in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1999.

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Hutcheon, Robin. Bedside Manner: Hospital and Health Care in Hong Kong. Hang Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1999.

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Hutcheon, Robin. Bedside Manner: Hospital and Health Care in Hong Kong. Hang Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1999.

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Estimates of domestic health expenditures 1989/90 to 1996/97, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. Colombo: Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, Health Policy Programme, 1996.

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Institute of Policy Studies (Colombo, Sri Lanka). Health Policy Programme., ed. Provisional functional classification system for domestic health expenditures 1989/90 to 1996/97, of Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China. Colombo: Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, Health Policy Programme, 1996.

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Aging In Hong Kong A Comparative Perspective. Springer, 2012.

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W, Chan Cecilia L., and Rhind Nancy, eds. Social work intervention in health care: The Hong Kong scene. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1997.

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Health Policy and Disease in Colonial and Post-Colonial Hong Kong, 1841-2003. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Leung, Yuen-Sang, Ka-che Yip, and Man Kong Timothy Wong. Health Policy and Disease in Colonial and Post-Colonial Hong Kong, 1841-2003. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Plague, SARS, And the Story of Medicine in Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Medical care, Cost of - China - Hong Kong"

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Tong, Carrison K. S., and Eric T. T. Wong. "Picture Archiving and Communication System for Public Healthcare." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 1162–70. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch158.

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For the past 100 years, film has been almost the exclusive medium for capturing, storing, and displaying radiographic images. Film is a fixed medium with usually only one set of images available. Today, the radiologic sciences are on the brink of a new age. In particular, Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) technology allows for a near filmless process with all of the flexibility of digital systems. PACS consists of image acquisition devices, storage archiving units, display stations, computer processors, and database management systems. These components are integrated by a communications network system. Filmless radiology is a method of digitizing traditional films into electronic files that can be viewed and saved on a computer. This technology generates clearer and easier-to-read images, allowing the patient the chance of a faster evaluation and diagnosis. The time saved may prove to be a crucial element in facilitating the patient’s treatment process. With filmless radiology, images taken from various medical sources can be manipulated to enhance resolution, increasing the clarity of the image. Images can also be transferred internally within hospital departments and externally to other locations such as the office of the patient’s doctor or medical specialist in other parts of the world. This is made possible through the picture-archiving and communication system (Dreyer, Mehta, & Thrall, 2001), which electronically captures, transmits, displays, and saves images into digital archives for use at any given time. The PACS functions as a state-of-the-art repository for long-term archiving of digital images, and includes the backup and bandwidth to safeguard uninterrupted network availability. The objective of the picture-archiving and communications system is to improve the speed and quality of clinical care by streamlining radiological service and consultation. With instant access to images from virtually anywhere, hospital doctors and clinicians can improve their work processes and speed up the delivery of patient care. Besides making film a thing of the past, the likely benefits would include reduced waiting times for images and reports, and the augmented ability of clinicians since they can get patient information and act upon it much more quickly. It also removes all the costs associated with hard film and releases valuable space currently used for storage. According to Dr. Lillian Leong, Chairman of the Radiology IT Steering Group of the Hong Kong Medical Authroity, a single hospital can typically save up to 2.5 million Hong Kong dollars (approximately US$321,000) a year in film processing cost (Intel, 2007). The growing importance of PACS on the fight against highly infectious disease such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is also identified (Zhang & Xue, 2003). In Hong Kong, there was no PACS-related project until the establishment of Tseung Kwan O Hospital (TKOH) in 1998. The TKOH is a 600-bed acute hospital with a hospital PACS installed for the provision of filmless radiological service. The design and management of the PACS for patient care was discussed in the first edition of this encyclopedia (Tong & Wong, 2005). The TKOH was opened in 1999 with PACS installed. At the beginning, due to immature PACS technologies, the radiology service was operating with film printing. A major upgrade was done in 2003 for the implementation of server clustering, network resilience, liquid crystal display (LCD), smart card, and storage-area-network (SAN) technologies. This upgrade has greatly improved the reliability of the system. Since November 2003, TKOH has started filmless radiology service for the whole hospital. It has become one of the first filmless hospitals in the Greater China region (Seto, Tsang, Yung, Ching, Ng, & Ho, 2003; Tsou, Goh, Kaw, & Chee, 2003).
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