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Malindi, Zaria. "Photoimmunotheranostic targeting of CSPG4-positive melanoma cells using SNAP-tag technology." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31064.
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Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and inherently resistant cancers and the most dangerous skin cancer. While it accounts for fewer than 5% of skin cancer cases, 80% of skin cancer related deaths are attributed to melanoma. While resection remains the gold standard for melanoma treatment, surgery is only effective in providing local control of the disease if the cancer is detected in the early stages. Once melanoma enters the later stages, and particularly in the metastatic phase, recurrence is probable, and no adequate treatment exists. Previous work in this group has shown that photodynamic therapy (PDT) presents an opportunity to induce cell death in melanoma cells through the production of ROS and singlet oxygen at doses high enough to overwhelm the resistance mechanisms of the cancer. In this study, we investigated the use of recombinant SNAP-tag-based antibody fusion proteins as a means of delivering phototoxic molecules directly to cancer cells expressing the CSPG4 and PD-L1 cell surface receptors. SNAP-tag is an engineered version of the human DNA repair enzyme O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase. It reacts autocatalytically and in a strictly 1:1 coupling chemistry with substrates that have been modified with benzylguanine (BG). Through genetic fusion of this self-labelling protein with a tumour targeting antibody, we developed a recombinant immunoconjugate able to carry BG-modified photosensitizers to selectively target and eliminate malignant melanoma cells. Conjugation of the SNAP-tag fusion protein with the fluorescent dye Alex Fluor 488 showed that anti-CSPG4-SNAP binds specifically to melanoma cells expressing the CSPG4 surface antigen. Binding was tested across a range of cell lines presenting melanoma in its radial and vertical growth phases, in the metastatic growth phase, in its chemoresistant form, and in both its pigmented and unpigmented forms. This binding data thus confirms CSPG4 as a suitable targeted for this treatment strategy. Conjugation of the fusion protein with the BGmodified photosensitizer IRDye 700DX (IR700) has produced no phototoxicity as of yet. In light of the convincing binding analysis, it is concluded that inefficient solubilization of the lyophilized product resulted in inadequate conjugation of BG-IR700 with SNAP-tag. Nonetheless, steps have been planned to resolve the problem in future ongoing work on this project, and we remain confident in the applicability of this technology. The results for the PD-L1 fusion protein were inconclusive. In summary, SNAP-tag technology offers a simple and efficient method for immunofluorescent detection of cancerous cells. These fusions proteins are versatile as they 1) can contain any antibody targeting a tumour-associated or tumour-specific antigen of choice and 2) can be endowed with a wide variety of substrates, as long as the latter contains the BG moiety.
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Jordaan, Donrich W. "Medical biotechnology law in South Africa : a human rights analysis of selected topics." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13868.
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Includes bibliographical references.In this thesis I analyse the human rights dimensions of the South African law on four topical medical biotechnology subjects, namely human embryo research, the use of human gametes, autologous tem cell therapy, and private stem cell banking. In all four cases, my analyses give specific prominence to two research themes: first, human dignity as touchstone of the South African human rights regime, and secondly legal certainly. The analyses show that the legal rules governing three of the four selected medical biotechnology subjects are not aligned with the country's human rights regime.
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Ramsin, Chelsea, Johanna Lidman, Frida Boström, Vendela Andersson, Sigrid Mack, Per Lindbom, and Zad Elnaz Samadian. "Development of sensitive and rapid cancer diagnostic assyas." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412138.
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Brunet, Nicolas. "Study of a valorisation process for biomass industrial waste involving acid cooking and enzymatic hydrolysis." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278738.
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Lignocellulosic biomass has potential to chip in the chemical and biofuels supplies in future societies,even though lignocellulose is a recalcitrant structure that has to be treated in several steps. After theirproper life cycle, wood-derived materials such as particleboards have few outcomes today apart fromenergy recovery for heat production. Then, they may be used as lignocellulosic biomass sources in theproduction of molecules of interest. Fermentation from wood-derived monosaccharides imposespreliminary sugar retrieval, for instance through pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. This studyfocuses on the potential of particleboards waste for chemical and biofuel production by comparingsaccharification through simulated steam explosion pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis betweennative and particleboard-derived wood, with an insight in subsequent fermentation by Saccharomycescerevisiae. Urea-Formaldehyde bound particleboard was investigated, as well as some aspects ofMelamine-Urea-Formaldehyde bound particleboard. Pre-treatment resulted in apparition of lignocellulosic degraded compounds in a much larger extent innative wood than in particleboard, which seemed to be only superficially impacted. Formation ofdegraded compounds from sugars – furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural – was enhanced when pretreatmentwas prolonged. Removal of a substantial fraction of the adhesive contained in theparticleboards was observed, leading to comparable concentrations in free urea, its degradedproducts, and formaldehyde between native wood and particleboards during enzymatic hydrolysis.Enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulases and hemicellulases highlighted a critical role of pre-treatment toenhance final yields, both in native wood and in Urea-Formaldehyde particleboard. Adding 20 minutessteam-explosion type pre-treatment at 160 °C resulted in glucose yields increase from 18.5 % to 32.8% for native wood and from 15.6 % to 37.4 % for particleboard. Prolonging pre-treatment residencetime to 35 minutes resulted in much better glucose extraction for native wood but only slight progressfor the particleboard, as glucose yields reached 64.5 % and 41.1 % respectively. Maximalconcentrations achieved were 277 and 184 mg/gbiomass respectively. Fermentation brought to light high inhibition from both native wood and particleboard sources ofmedia, which were attributed to components or degraded products of lignocellulose that were notanalysed in this project. Ethanol was formed during fermentation, with reduced productivity butincreased yields as compared with the control sample. Inhibition was so strong that no difference couldbe given between native and particleboard wood. In this situation, no inhibition potential of resin orits degradation products could be proved.Lignocellulosic biomassa har potential att bidra till kemikalier och biobränsletillförsel i framtidasamhällen, trots att lignocellulosa är en rekalcitrant struktur som måste behandlas i flera steg. Idagträmaterial som spånskivor bara används för energiåtervinning och värmeproduktion efter deraslivscykel. De kan därför användas som råvara för framställning av värdefulla molekyler.Fermenteringsprocesser behöver frisättningen av trä monosackarider genom förbehandlingsprocesseroch enzymatisk hydrolys. Studien fokuserar på potentialen för avfall från spånskivor för kemisk ochbiobränsleproduktion. Vi har jämfört sackarifiering mellan nativt trä och spånskivor genom simuleradångaxplosion och enzymatisk hydrolys, med en inblick i efterföljande fermentering av Saccharomycescerevisiae. Spånskivor bunden av urea-formaldehyd undersöktes, liksom vissa aspekter av spånskivorbundna med melamin-urea-formaldehyd. Förbehandlingen producerade högre koncentration av lignocellulosa nedbrytningsprodukter frånnativt trä jämfört med spånskivor. Bildningen av nedbrytningsprodukter från sockerarter - furfural och5-hydroxymethylfurfural - ökade med längre förbehandlingar. En väsentlig fraktion av limmet borttogsfrån spånskivorna, vilket ledde till jämförbara koncentrationer i fri urea, dess nedbrytningsprodukteroch formaldehyd mellan naturligt trä och spånskivor under enzymatisk hydrolys. Enzymatisk hydrolys med cellulaser och hemicellulaser avslöjade den kritiska rollen av förbehandlingför att förbättra utbytet, både i naturligt trä och i urea-formaldehyd spånskiva. Längre (20 minuter)ångexplosion vid 160° C resulterade i högre glukosutbytet (från 18,5% till 32,8% för naturligt trä ochfrån 15,6% till 37,4% för spånskivor). Förlängning av uppehållstiden före behandlingen till 35 minuterresulterade i mycket bättre glukosekstraktion för nativt trä (64,5%) men endast liten framsteg förspånskivan (41,1%). Detta resulterade i maximalt utbyte av 277 mg Glc/g biomassa och 184 mg Glc/ gbiomassa för nativt trä och spånskivor, respektive. Fermentering visade hög hämning från lignocellulosa nedbrytningsprodukter som inte analyserades iprojektet för både nativt trä och spånskällor för media. Etanol bildades under fermentering medreducerad produktivitet men ökade utbyten jämfört med kontrollprovet. Hämningen var så stark attingen skillnad kunde ges mellan naturligt trä och spånskivor. I denna situation kunde ingenhämningspotential för lim eller dess nedbrytningsprodukter bevisas.
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Abuamra, Ola A. E. "Effect of IL-6 modulation on feeding behaviour and learning and memory in the ventral hippocampus." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20507.
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In the last decades, the prevalence of obesity increased dramatically worldwide. According to the WHO, 2.1 billion people (30% of the population) around the world are obese or overweight. Effective ways to decrease food intake are needed. Evidence from emerging studies indicates an association between feeding behavior and the IL-6 expression in the central nervous system (CNS). The study aimed to investigate the effect of IL-6 modulation on feeding behavior and learning and memory process in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC). To implement this aim two groups of rats were used, the first group was exposed to the reduction of the IL-6 expression (knockdown), whereas the other one to microinjections of exogenous IL-6 (EX IL-6). Both experimental groups were subjected to a set of behavioral and molecular tests specific for investigating memory process, emotional/affective behavior and food intakes like novel object recognition, Morris water maze, and social interaction test. The results for IL-6 knockdown (KD) showed improvement in the short term memory, but did not affect the food intake. On the other hand, EX IL-6 caused an increase in the locomotor’s activity and the food intake during the 24 hours, but at the same time caused impairment in the spatial and learning memory. Taken together, these results provide new insight on the role of IL-6 outside of inflammation highlighting its ability to modulate hippocampus-dependent mnemonic process, and affective and feeding behaviors in the vHPC, however several questions still remain not addressed and the study require further investigation.
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Odén, Österbo Ina, Malin Åslund, Linnea Flinkfeldt, Josef Pelcman, Vilhelm Book, and Joakim Lindström. "Hur hittas HIV? : Två metodförslag för koncentrationsmätning av virioner i blodplasma." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323192.
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Litteraturstudier har genomförts med syftet att utveckla minst en ny detektionsmetod som skulle kunna ersätta den metod som företaget Cavidi använder sig av idag. Cavidi hade specificerat krav som metodförslaget skulle uppfylla. Dessa krav var att metoden skulle vara snabb, lättanvänd, billig, ha hög känslighet och kunna förvaras i rumstemperatur. Två lovande metoder som baseras på två olika principer valdes ut. Den ena metoden bygger på att enkelsträngat DNA med en specifik nukleinsyrakomposition syntetiseras. Denna sekvens har egenskapen att spontant bilda en sekundärstruktur som kan bilda komplex med en fluorofor. Detta ökar dess fluorescens. Ökningen detekteras med fluorescensspektroskopi. Den andra metoden baseras på ett optomagnetiskt fenomen vilket innebär att ett magnetiskt fält påverkas av polariserat ljus. Metoden går ut på att virioner först renas fram från blodplasma och att de fäster på jonbytarkulor under rådande buffertförhållanden. Magnetiska nanopartiklar tillsätts som binder till jonbytarkulornas lediga ytor. Om många virioner har bundit till jonbytarkulorna finns det en större mängd fria nanopartiklar i lösningen. Antalet fria nanopartiklar i lösningen är proportionellt mot mängden HIV i provet och kan då detekteras med en fotodetektor. Fördelarna med dessa metoder är att processen blir billigare, snabbare och har en hög känslighet. Metoderna är lättanvända och använder färre komponenter jämfört med Cavidis nuvarande metod. Därmed blir Cavidis produkter billigare och tillgängliga för fler människor.
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Koller, Daniela. "Processing of Optical Coherence Tomography Images : Filtering and Segmentation of Pathological Thyroid Tissue." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-161988.
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In the human body, the main function of the healthy thyroid gland is the regulation of the metabolism and hormone production. Included in the thyroid are organized structured and uniformly shaped follicles ranging from 50-500 μm in diameter. Pathologies lead to morphological changes of these follicles, affecting the density and size, but can also lead to an absence. In this study optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to examine pathological thyroid tissue by extracting structural information of the follicles from image segmentation. However, OCT images usually include a high amount of speckle noise which affects the segmentation outcome. Due to that, the OCT images need to be improved. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the appropriate filtering methods to enhance the images and thus improve the segmentation outcome. The images of pathological thyroid tissues with a size of 0:5-1 cm where scanned by a spectral domain OCT system (Telesto II, Thorlabs GmbH, Germany) using a center wavelength of 1300nm. The obtained 2D and 3D images were saved as .oct file as well as implemented and visualized in a MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) for further processing. For image improvement, four filtering enhancement methods were applied to the 2D images such as the enhanced resolution imaging (ERI), adaptive Wiener filter, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and multi-frame wavelet transform (WT). The processed images were further converted to grayscale and binary images for intensity-based segmentation. The output of all methods were compared and evaluated using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), enhanced number of looks (ENL), edge profiles and outcome of the segmented images. It was demonstrated that the complex DWT (cDWT) with a higher threshold and the multi-frame WT using the haar wavelet showed enhanced results over the other filtering methods. The computed SNR could be increased up to 52% and the ENL value up to 4802%, applying the multi-frame WT, while the CNR could be increased up to 106% for cDWT. The lowest obtained gradient was equal to an intensity decrease of -61% and -68% for multi-frame WT and cDWT, respectively. The filtering method could increase the smoothness of the image while the edge sharpness could be kept. The segmentation could detect both small and large follicles. ERI did not show any improvement in the segmentation but could enhance the structural detail of the image. Larger neighbourhoods of the adaptive Wiener filter showed a highly blurred image and led to merged follicles in the image segmentation. The wavelet filters DWT and multi-frame WT gave most satisfying results since high and low frequencies were divided into subbands, where individual information on vertical, horizontal and diagonal edges was stored. Applied cDWT had an even higher amount of subbands, so that more information on signal and speckle noise could be specified. Due to this fact, it was possible to achieve a decreased noise level while edge sharpness where maintained. Using a multi-frame image an increased SNR was obtained, as the intensity information stayed constant over the individual frames while the noise information changed. Wavelet based filtering showed higher improved results in comparison to the adaptive Wiener filter or the ERI in the 2D domain. By applying filtering methods in higher dimensions such as 3D or even 4D, better results in noise reduction are expected. Improved settings for the individual filtering methods as well as enhancement in segmentation are part of the future work.
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Johansson, Hampus. "Nox2/4 inhibition in NB69 during ischemia/reperfusion : Inhibition of ROS-production using M4, M107, and M114." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17941.
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Cerebral stroke has become one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. During an ischemic stroke, oxygen and nutrient deprivation occurs, which combined lead to cell starvation, anoxia, and eventually cell death. However, when blood flow is restored, reperfusion damage occurs resulting in increased cell death through several mechanisms. One of the main reasons behind ischemia/reperfusion damage is oxidative stress due to elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during reperfusion. There are several proteins and processes that are thought to be involved in elevated oxidative stress and the formation of ROS during reperfusion, among which the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family is suggested to be the main contributor of ROS.To examine this hypothesis, in the present work, we inhibited activity of the Nox2 and Nox4 enzymes during ischemia/reperfusion with the Glucox Biotech AB (Sweden) inhibitors M4, M107, and M114 to evaluate whether reducing Nox activity could reduce the ischemia/reperfusion-induced cell death, hence be used as a potential stroke treatment, the cell viability was measured with MTS after ischemia/reperfusion induction and treatment with the Nox substances. We also examined the gene expression levels of the Nox enzymes Nox2 and Nox4 with qPCR after induced ischemia/reperfusion in the neuroblastoma cell line NB69.Our results showed a decrease in Nox4 gene expression after 1h ischemia/8h reperfusion and an increased expression after 1h ischemia/24h reperfusion in NB69 cells. Treatment with M114 resulted in increased cell viability after 2h ischemia/72h reperfusion. However, the toxic effect of ischemia/reperfusion-induced response was found to be inadequate, as indicated by extensive proliferation and lack of cell death. This unfavorable outcome is suggested to be excess of oxygen in medium, metabolization of L-glutamine, and effects of growth factors in the serum used in cell culture medium during the ischemic phase. Therefore, the cell culture protocol was modified to the use of PBS instead of glucose-free medium under serum-free condition during the ischemia. The altered ischemic conditions resulted in continuous reduction in cell viability at increasing ischemic time points with total cell death at 2h ischemia, suggesting applicable conditions for ischemia/reperfusion studies. Even though a conclusion could not be made about the inhibitors M4, M107, and M114 as the cell viability assay was performed under insufficient conditions; the Nox inhibitors shows high potential as future ischemic stroke treatments, which may help save lives and improve life quality for affected patients.
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Ramachandraiah, Harisha. "Microfluidic based isolation of circulating tumor cells from whole blood for cancer diagnostics." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Proteomik och nanobioteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-203889.
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Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood is indicative of early recognition of tumor progression and such an important biomarker for early diagnosis, staging, monitoring and prognosis of cancer. However, CTC are found in very low concentrations and reliable isolation of these rare cells is challenging. Microfluidics enables precise manipulation of fluids and cells and is ideal for cell sorting methods for clinical diagnostics. The thesis contributes towards the development of microfluidic based CTC isolation methods from peripheral blood. The methods are based on size and immunoaffinity. The first part of the thesis describes the phenomenon of inertial focusing for size based cell separation at high throughputs. In paper 1, we demonstrate continuous filtration of leukocytes from diluted blood, with an efficiency of 78% at a flow rate of 2.2ml/min. In the paper 2, separation of total and subpopulation of leukocytes with a purity of 86% for granulocytes and 91% for lymphocytes is demonstrated. Furthermore, cancer cells spiked into whole blood could be separated at a yield of 88%. Finally, in paper 3 and 4 we unravel parts of the unexplored elasto-inertial microfluidics and was utilized to precisely focus the cells, as part of an integrated optofluidic micro flow cytometer device, capable to simultaneously measure fluorescence and scattering of cells and particles at a rate of 2500 particles/sec (paper 4). Second part of the thesis focuses on acoustophoresis. In (paper 5), a multifunctional acoustic microdevice was developed for isolation of cancer cells from red blood cells with a separation efficiency of 92.4% and trapping efficiency of 93%. In (paper 6), microbubbles activated acoustic cell sorter was developed for affinity based cell separation. As a proof of principle, cancer cells in a suspension were separated at an efficiency of 75%. In the third part, using cellulose nano fibrils (paper 7), we demonstrate efficiently capture and release of cancer cells at a release efficiency of 95%. Finally, a novel, single step self-assembly of spider silk proteins is introduced inside microfluidic channels for effective capture of cancer cells with 85% capture efficiency and subsequent release of captured cells with 95% release efficiency (paper 8). The novel recombinant silk modified microfluidic device was validated using pancreatic cancer patients. In summary, we have developed different microfluidic based isolation technologies for the capture and characterization of CTC.QC 20170321
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Odell-West, Amanda. "Should the medical exclusion within patent law be amended or removed?" Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606774.
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The main concern of this thesis is whether the medical exclusion in patent law should be retained unamended, redrafted or removed in light of the various legal problems and policy considerations. Income generation by NHS bodies is assuming increasing importance in the Department of Health. The IP strategy for the NHS launched in 2002 places a responsibility on NHS employees to generate and identify IP arising in the course of their duties. The Government may wish to consider removing the medical exclusion in the commercial interests of the country in accordance with its wider IP policy for public sector research establishments and its market-based reforms for the NHS.There are four key purposes of this thesis. The first is to establish the importance of the medical exclusion for doctors and their practice in terms of function and validity. The second is to ascertain the compatibility of the patent process with medical professionalism and tradition. The third is to investigate whether doctors think a specific category of medical method patents could be acceptable (in terms of medical practice) and fourthly, to ascertain the degree to which doctors think patents on gene-based diagnostic tests interfere with their practice, research and development. The empirical research reveals views from 275 NHS Trust consultants and GPs in Sheffield about the medical exclusion, a new substantial development criterion in patent law, the effects of the patent process on aspects of medical practice and the effects of patented genetic diagnostic test methods on medical research and practice. Analysis of the results reveals a number of disadvantages of the existing legal regime, which lead to proposals for reform.
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Folasire, Oladayo. "Comparing the caveolae mediated endocytosis of two DNA-chitosan polyplexes." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for fysikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14200.
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Understanding intracellular processing of gene vectors will help to improve vector design in gene therapy. Chitosan nanoparticles have been previously identied as safe and non toxic gene vector. Linear chitosan oligomer (LCO) and self branched trisaccharide chitosan oligomer (SBTCO) have been shown to be able to pack DNA, balancing betweencomplexation and intracellular unpacking . However, the transfection ecacies of thesetwo chitosans diers considerably with the level of transgene expression higher for SBTCOcompared to LCO. SBTCO have been recently reported to be taken up solely by caveolaemediated endocytosis (CvME) while LCO uses both clathrin mediated endocytosis (CME)and CvME.In the present study, the CvME was studied. An immunostaining protocol for detectionof caveolin (cav) was established. Polyplexes of SBTCO seemed to trigger the formationof more caveosomes than did LCO polyplexes. SBTCO polyplexes were more localisedin the caveosome than LCO polyplexes at 3 hours incubation period. These ndingssuggested that SBTCO polyplexes delivers more DNA into the cell than LCO polyplexesand that SBTCO polyplexes are processed intracellularly solely via the CvME pathway.Likewise, it suggested LCO polyplexes have preferred intracellular processing pathwaywhich is not CvME. Collectively, these results demonstrated that SBTCO is protectedfrom the degradative endosome and might therefore be an ecient and good tool to delivertherapeutic DNA.
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Wright, Alice Ann. "The Genomic Sequence and Annotation of Bacteriophage HK239." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/208.
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Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and they are the most numerous biological entities on Earth. Temperate phage can adopt two different lifestyles. In the lytic lifestyle, a phage injects its genome into the host and a controlled developmental program ensues. The phage DNA is replicated, phage genes are expressed and new viral particles are assembled. Ultimately, the host cell lyses and the phage particles are released into the environment. In the lysogenic lifestyle, a phage integrates its genome into the host chromosome, creating a prophage. The cell containing the prophage is known as a lysogen. Most prophage genes are not expressed. However, those that are encode a wide variety of functions. One function is exclusion, or the prevention of a different phage type from successfully infecting the lysogenic cell. Most exclusion systems are limited to a specific phage. Bacteriophage HK239 is unique in that it has a wide range of exclusion including Lambda, P1vir, P2, HK022, and T4rII. To learn more about HK239, the genome was sequenced and annotated. The genome is 41,538 bp in length and there are 71 open reading frames. It has a genomic organization similar to other lambda phage and is most closely related to bacteriophage HK022. No additional genes that share homology with known exclusion functions were identified through the sequence analysis of the HK239 genome. It is possible that an open reading frame for which no database matches were found may indeed encode an exclusion function.
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Fiorillo-Buonomano, Daniela. "Das Zustimmungserfordernis bei der Patentierung von biotechnologischen Erfindungen unter Verwendung menschlichen Materials." Bern Stämpfli, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3013860&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Tanikawa, Aline Aki [UNESP]. "Avaliação da resistência primária aos inibidores de integrase em pacientes soropositivos para o HIV-1." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88084.
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A falta de um kit otimizado para avaliação da resistência aos inibidores de integrase no Brasil conduziu à necessidade da padronização de uma técnica inhouse para o estudo de mutações no gene da integrase do HIV-1, possibilitando, assim, a avaliação da resistência a esta classe de antirretrovirais recentemente liberada no país. RNA viral plasmático foi utilizado como fonte para amplificação por RT- Nested PCR e sequencimento do gene da integrase do HIV-1 de 60 pacientes para análise do padrão de resistência, o qual foi avaliado utilizando o algoritmo proposto pela Universidade de Stanford. Cinquenta e quatro (90%) amostras obtiveram sucesso na amplificação e sequenciamento, sendo que destas dez foram amplificadas por protocolos alternativos que envolveram a utilização de enhancer, de enzimas com maior especificidade, RT-PCR one-step e alterações nas condições de ciclagem, o que possibilitou com sucesso o estudo da região de interesse e a análise de resistência. A metodologia in-house mostrou ser uma alternativa metodológica viável para avaliação da resistência aos inibidores de integrase, principalmente nos casos em que há falha terapêutica a esta nova classe de medicamento, uma vez que a técnica permite o estudo completo da região de interesse
The absence of an optimized kit to evaluate the resistance to integrase inhibitors in Brazil led to the necessity for standardization of an in-house technique to study the mutations in the HIV-1 integrase gene, thus enabling the evaluation of resistance to these novel antiretroviral agents recently released in the country. Plasma viral RNA was obtained from 60 patients and used as source for RT- Nested PCR amplification and automatic sequencing of the HIV-1 IN gene to analysis of the pattern of drug resistance, which was evaluated using the algorithm proposed by Stanford University. Fifty-four (90%) samples were successfully amplified and sequenced, and ten of these samples were amplified using alternative protocols involving the use of enhancers, enzymes with more specificity, RT-PCR one step and changes in the conditions of cycling, which allowed the successful study of the region of interest and analysis of resistance. The in-house methodology showed to be a viable alternative to assess resistance to integrase inhibitors, especially in cases when there is therapeutic failure to this new class of antiretroviral, since the technique allows the complete study of the region of interest
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Persson, Anna. "Non-vitamin K dependent oral anticoagulants (NOACs) controls." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148558.
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In recent years non-vitamin K dependent oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have started to replace warfarin for treatment and prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and stroke in patients with and without atrial fibrillation. There is a need for a simple and rapid method to detect the presence of these drugs in patient plasma. To meet these new demands, MediRox is developing a screening assay based on a novel prothrombin time (PT) method for rapid detection of NOACs in plasma. The assay is semi-quantitative and by dividing the International Normalised Index (INR) from a NOAC sensitive PT method with the INR from a NOAC insensitive PT method, NOAC containing samples be detected while plasma from normal donors and with warfarin are excluded. The purpose of this project is to develop prototypes of assay quality controls for detection of NOACs in plasma. The results show that the method used for the NOAC control prototypes is applicable and the PT ratio is comparable to patient samples for the low, medium and high concentrations of NOAC. The effect of lyophilisation indicates that the PT ratios for the NOAC control prototypes were nearly unaffected by the lyophilisation. The in-use stability at room temperature (20-25oC) for all NOAC control prototypes were at least 24 hours. The methodology for production needs to be further optimised to increase the commutability to patient samples with very high concentrations of NOAC. The data indicates that the effect of lyophilisation is minimal and the stability of the NOAC control prototypes are satisfying, which is promising for future product development of NOAC controls.
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Andersson, Klara. "Characterization of nsP-specific nanobodies targeting Chikungunya and Semliki Forest Virus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414971.
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Viral infections are constantly increasing and impose a large threat to the public health. Alphaviruses are responsible for several animal and human diseases and have a large medical importance with few treatments available today. Alphaviruses are small, spherical single stranded RNA viruses, and are most often transmitted by mosquito vectors. Alphaviruses contains a domain of nonstructural proteins that compose the replication machinery. The domain is crucial for viral replication to occur and is therefore an interesting target for antiviral therapy. With the focus on Chikungunya and Semliki Forest Virus this work investigates the events in the cells on molecular level during infections. To do this a panel of Camelid derived single domain antibodies are developed to target the nonstructural proteins of Chikungunya and Semliki Forest Virus. Binding of the produced nanobodies to the viral proteins was investigated by biochemical methods including immunoprecipitations, western blot, and ELISA. Cell lines that express nsP-specific nanobodies in the cytosol were employed for infection- and plaque assays with Semliki Forest Virus in order to determine the antiviral potential of the new nanobodies. Three of the nanobodies proved to bind two different nonstructural proteins of the viruses, providing opportunities for further investigations and a possible use of these nanobodies to identify viral vulnerabilities that could be exploited for antiviral intervention.
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Fridh, Benjamin. "Mapping of spontaneous biological phosphorous removal in MBR-process." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278572.
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An unexpected biological removal of phosphorous in IVL Hammarby Sjöstadsverket pilot membrane bioreactor (MBR) wastewater treatment process was investigated by three distinct methods. a) Investigation and quantification of the biological phosphorous uptake (bio-P) capacity by phosphate release tests (PRT), b) validation of bio-P occurrence by granular polyphosphate (poly-P) staining and microscopy and c) metagenomic community structure analysis to map the sludge habitat. Validation of phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) was successfully performed using the Neisser Methylene Blue Metachromatic staining protocol. Quantification by a novel staining protocol gave indications of the relative activity of bio-P in the bioreactor process line. The bio-P activity by PRT showed high capacity of phosphate accumulation in the treatment process. Furthermore, the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) to induce stressful conditions was successfully shown to increase the release rate and depletion of intracellular poly-P of PAO. Finally, the impact of temperature dependency in PRT was investigated.A metagenomic community structure analysis by 16S rRNA successfully prepared 28 samples for sequencing and analysis. The project has successfully validated and quantified bio-P with an improved methodology as a foundation for upcoming studies of the treatment process.En oväntad biologisk fosforrening (bio-P) i IVL Hammarby Sjöstadsverkets membranreaktorpilot undersöktes med tre distinkta metoder. Kvantifiering av det biologiska fosforupptaget undersöktes med fosforsläppstest (PRT). Validering av förekomsten av fosfatackumulerande organismer (PAO) via infärgning av polyfosfatgranuler med Neissers protokoll för infärgning med metylenblå. Ett nytt protokoll för kvantifiering av polyfosfatgranulkluster gav indikationer på relativ aktivitet av bio-P i reningsprocessens bioreaktorer. Bio-P aktiviteten som uppmättes med PRT visade på hög kapacitet av biologisk fosforackumulation. Vidare visades framgångsrikt att stresspåslag av PAO med etylendiamintetraättiksyra (EDTA) ökade fosfatsläppshastigheten och uttömningen av intracellulär poly-P. Slutligen undersöktes temperaturberoendet i PRT. En 16S rRNA metagenomikstudie gav 28 st prover redo att sekvensieras och analyseras. Projektet har framgångsrikt validerat och kvantifierat bio-P med en utvecklad metodologi som kan utgöra grunden för kommande studier vid reningsverket.
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Tanikawa, Aline Aki. "Avaliação da resistência primária aos inibidores de integrase em pacientes soropositivos para o HIV-1 /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88084.
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Resumo: A falta de um kit otimizado para avaliação da resistência aos inibidores de integrase no Brasil conduziu à necessidade da padronização de uma técnica inhouse para o estudo de mutações no gene da integrase do HIV-1, possibilitando, assim, a avaliação da resistência a esta classe de antirretrovirais recentemente liberada no país. RNA viral plasmático foi utilizado como fonte para amplificação por RT- Nested PCR e sequencimento do gene da integrase do HIV-1 de 60 pacientes para análise do padrão de resistência, o qual foi avaliado utilizando o algoritmo proposto pela Universidade de Stanford. Cinquenta e quatro (90%) amostras obtiveram sucesso na amplificação e sequenciamento, sendo que destas dez foram amplificadas por protocolos alternativos que envolveram a utilização de enhancer, de enzimas com maior especificidade, RT-PCR one-step e alterações nas condições de ciclagem, o que possibilitou com sucesso o estudo da região de interesse e a análise de resistência. A metodologia in-house mostrou ser uma alternativa metodológica viável para avaliação da resistência aos inibidores de integrase, principalmente nos casos em que há falha terapêutica a esta nova classe de medicamento, uma vez que a técnica permite o estudo completo da região de interesseAbstract: The absence of an optimized kit to evaluate the resistance to integrase inhibitors in Brazil led to the necessity for standardization of an in-house technique to study the mutations in the HIV-1 integrase gene, thus enabling the evaluation of resistance to these novel antiretroviral agents recently released in the country. Plasma viral RNA was obtained from 60 patients and used as source for RT- Nested PCR amplification and automatic sequencing of the HIV-1 IN gene to analysis of the pattern of drug resistance, which was evaluated using the algorithm proposed by Stanford University. Fifty-four (90%) samples were successfully amplified and sequenced, and ten of these samples were amplified using alternative protocols involving the use of enhancers, enzymes with more specificity, RT-PCR one step and changes in the conditions of cycling, which allowed the successful study of the region of interest and analysis of resistance. The in-house methodology showed to be a viable alternative to assess resistance to integrase inhibitors, especially in cases when there is therapeutic failure to this new class of antiretroviral, since the technique allows the complete study of the region of interest
Orientador: Maria Inês de Moura Campos Pardini
Coorientador: Rejane Maria Tommasini Grotto
Banca: Paulo Inácio da Costa
Banca: João Manuel Grisi Candeias
Mestre
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Lindén, Matilda. "Potentiellt cancerpreventiva effekter av Sulforafan : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-87516.
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Sulforafan är en isotiacyanat som beskrivs ha effektiva cancerpreventativa egenskaper. Kemikalien görs tillgänglig för människan genom konsumtion av korsblommiga grönsaker så som broccoli och grönkål. Cancer är vanligt, och i Sverige räknar man med att var tredje människa kommer att drabbas under sin livstid. I följande litteraturstudie var syftet att sammanställa information om på vilket sätt sulforafan påverkar koloncancerceller, samt söka evidens för att konsumtion av sulforafanrika grönsaker bidrar till minskad risk att drabbas av koloncancer. Sulforafan har cancerpreventativa egenskaper i cellkultur så som inhibering av histondeacetylas-aktivitet, inducering av cellcykelarrest och apoptos och minskad proliferation hos cancercellerna. Det minskar även uttryck av gener som är inblandade i angiogenes.Det finns inte nog med evidens om broccolikonsumtion, på grund av sitt höga innehåll av sulforafan, skulle vara cancerpreventativt hos människan.Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate that is described as having chemopreventative effects. The phytochemical is made available to humans by dietary consumption of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and kale. Cancer is a common disease, and in Sweden it is estimated that one in three will be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. This review study aims to summarize the effect of sulforaphane on human colon cancer cells, and seek evidence that consumption of cruciferous vegetables reduces the risk of developing colon cancer. Sulforaphane is considered chemopreventative in vitro through inhibition of histone deacetylas activity, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and through reduction of cell proliferation. It has also been shown to reduces expression of genes involved in angiogenesis.There is not enough evidence to confirm that dietary broccoli consumption, through its high content of sulforaphane, would be chemopreventative.
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Lu, Andy. "Forensic analysis on wireless medical devices." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2541.
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The number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is forecast to grow to over 25 billion by 2030, with the healthcare IoT market projected to grow to 25.9% of IoT devices by 2028 worldwide. However, with new and growing technologies come new types of risks. Current risk assessment and risk management methods haven’t been designed to anticipate or predict these risks. IoT risks relate to openness and lack of standardisation, linking and connectivity between the devices and the lack of skilled support for IoT devices and networks. These factors put medical IoT devices and, by extension, their users at risk from cyber threats. Additionally, the attack surface for the medical IoT has not been fully mapped, nor have the risks been fully assessed. The lack of coverage means increased risk for manufacturers, medical facilities, and potentially, patients. This project evaluates the effectiveness of how new and emerging wireless and connected medical devices can be managed and analysed through a digital forensic framework. An initial analysis of the currently available frameworks showed that they did not address the nuances of implementing a wireless or connected medical device into a healthcare organisation.
Digital forensic frameworks that were deemed relevant to wireless medical devices were selected and tested against several currently available wireless medical devices. Four frameworks were tested across four devices each. The outcome was that none of the frameworks was fully able to effectively manage wireless medical devices (at least in terms of the objectives of digital forensics), with each missing elements that would aid an investigator or a hospital organisation in the case of a cyber-related incident.
These results led to the synthesis and testing of a framework that addressed the missing elements. The framework emphasises forensic readiness planning and risk management. The synthesised framework was tested against a new device. The results of the test found that the synthesised framework was effective in both the proactive digital forensics approach and reactive approach. The testing found that the framework performed better than the other tested frameworks, containing additional phases and steps that were advantageous in preparing and reacting to incidents involving wireless medical devices.
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Chung, Chao-Chen. "Government, governance and the development of the innovation systems : the example of the Taiwanese biotechnology and related sectoral policies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/government-governance-and-the-development-of-the-innovation-systems-the-example-of-the-taiwanese-biotechnology-and-related-sectoral-policies(504024b2-cb76-4624-a31b-3572e4a7fa57).html.
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This thesis focuses on the research of RTDI policies (research, technology, development and innovation), and the main theme of this thesis is to link the three variables together: RTDI policy-making process, the contents of RTDI policies, the appropriateness of RTDI policies on configuration of the national, the sectoral and the technological innovation systems. We assume the policy-making process of RTDI policies would shape the contents of the RTDI policies. Once the contents of RTDI policies are implemented, the RTDI policies would influence, whether appropriate or inappropriate, on configuration of the three innovation systems. We define the configuration of the three innovation systems as national, sectoral and technological innovation system (NSTIS). We use the Taiwanese biotechnology and related sectoral policies as the empirical examples. Biotechnology in Taiwan configures with three sectors, i.e. pharmaceuticals, agriculture and medical device. Between 2000 and 2008, the Taiwanese government intensively promoted many policies in order to support the development of biotechnology and related sectors. Among the various policies, we choose the National Science and Technology Programs and the regulation policies (in terms of Law of Pharmaceutical Affairs and the Agro-pesticides Management Act) as our two empirical cases and set up the in-depth discussion for the policy-making process of the two policies.On the basis of the empirical cases of Taiwan, we explore the influence of the RTDI policy-making process on the contents of RTDI policies which further shapes the development of the NSTIS.
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Rufatto, Luciane Corbellini. "Estudo bioguiado da Própolis Vermelha Brasileira visando à atividade antibacteriana." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/2156.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES.
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Mehyeddine, Katya. "The Impact of Compressive and Cyclic Loading Frequency on Longitudinal Growth, Given a Constant Amplitude." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230806.
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Mechanical stress exerted on long bones stimulate ossification and it has been shown that the mechanical variable frequency promotes osteogenesis. This ex-vivo study aimed to investigate how compressive and cyclic loading frequency impacts longitudinal growth of long bones. Three separate experiments were performed utilizing fetal Sprague-Dawley rat bones as experimental model. In the first two trials metatarsals where used while tibias were tested in the third trial. The bones were loaded once with a material testing system, cultured in an incubator and had their length measured on several occasions throughout their growth period. Loading protocol and days of length measurement differed between the trials. The first trial failed, since all of the control bones decreased in length in relation to the day of loading, while they should at least have grown 30% on the fifth day after loading. The results obtained from the second trial indicate that the frequency 0.4 Hz has a great impact on longitudinal growth, with a length increase of 50%-60% in relation to the day of loading. A conclusion regarding the other frequencies studied could not be made due to high spread of length alteration data. The tibias from the last trial did not show any significant results. Moreover, it was concluded that compressive and cyclic loading do promote longitudinal growth, despite the great variation in length alteration for most of the bones, including the control bones. The findings of this study could serve as a foundation for a research study further investigating the relation between frequency and longitudinal growth.
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Forss, Elin. "Evaluation of OSTE-hybrid materials for acoustophoresis applications." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277052.
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This project aimed at exploring new hybrid materials to be used for acoustophoresis applications. Acoustophoresis can be used to manipulate particles inside a microfluidic channel by creating ultrasound standing waves within the channel [1]. This can be used for cell separation [2] or trapping of particles [3]. The intent of this project was to create materials for use in microfluidic channels that would be cheaper and easier to manufacture than those traditionally used, while still having adequate acoustic properties to allow for use in acoustopheresis. This was done by investigating whether the addition of glass-beads or glass-bubbles could increase the acoustic properties of an off-stoichiometry-thiol-enes (OSTE) based polymer. Hybrid samples with different volume fractions of glass-beads or glass-bubbles added to the OSTE polymer were manufactured and characterised according to their acoustic properties using the pulse-echo buffer-rod method. The acoustic properties measured were the density, attenuation, acoustic impedance and the reflection coefficient between water and the material. The addition of glass-beads was found to increase the acoustic impedance while the inverse was found for the addition of glass-bubbles. Both the addition of glass-beads and glass-bubbles were found to increase the attenuation. The hybrid material that was found to have the most suitable acoustic properties was OSTE/Glass-beads 40%, whose acoustic impedance had been increased ∼60% compared to pure OSTE. Consequently, the OSTE/Glass-beads 40% material was used to manufacture a microfluidic channel. A particle trapping experiment showed that the OSTE/Glass-beads 40% microfluidic channel was able to obtain bead trapping. This means that a standing wave was able to be generated within the channel and that it was strong enough to trap particles in the centre of the channel. However, evaluation of the particle trapping efficiency of the channel showed that it was not as effective as those using traditional materials. Therefore, future work is recommended to optimise a channel design for the OSTE/Glass-beads 40% material to increase the particle trapping efficiency.I detta projekt undersöktes ett nytt hybridmaterial för användning i applikationer inom akustofores. Akustofores kan användas till att manipulera partiklar inuti mikrofluidkkanaler genom att generera ståendevågor i kanalen med hjälpav ultraljud [1]. Detta kan användas till cellseparation [2] eller till att fånga partiklar [3]. Målet i detta projekt var att skapa material som skulle bli billigare och möjliggöra enklare fabricering av kanalerna som används inom akustofores än de material som traditionellt används, med bibehållande av tillräckliga akustiskaegenskaper. Detta genomfördes genom att undersöka om tillsättning av glaspärlor eller glasbubblor kunde förbättra de akustiska egenskaperna av en off-stoichiometry-thiol-enes (OSTE) baserad polymer. Hybridprover gjorda på OSTE-polymeren med olika volymandelar av glaspärloroch glasbubblor tillverkades och kategoriserades med avseende på deras akustiska egenskaper med hjälp av pulseeko buffertstång metoden. De akustiska egenskaperna som uppmättes var densitet, attenuering, akustisk impedans och reflektions koefficienten mellan vatten och materialet. Resultatet av projektet visade att tillsättning av glaspärlor ökade den akustiska impedansen i motsatts till glasbubblorna som visade sig minska den. Vidare visade det sig att både tillsättningen av glaspärlor och glasbubblor ökade attenueringen. Det hybridmaterial som visade sig ha de mest lämpliga akustiska egenskaperna var OSTE/glaspärlor med en 40% volymandel av glaspärlor. Den akustiska impedansen hade förhöjts med cirka 60% jämfört med vanlig OSTE. Därför valdes det hybrid-materialet till att tillverka en mikrofluidikkanal. Därefter genomfördes ett partikelfångstexperiment som visade att, OSTE/glaspärlor med en 40% volymandel av glaspärlor, kunde erhålla partikelfångst i kanalen. Detta innebär att en stående våg kunde genereras i kanalen och att den var tillräckligt stark för att kunna fånga partiklarna i mitten av kanalen. Däremot visade utvärdering av kanalens partikelfångsteffektivitet att den inte var lika effektiv som kanaler gjorda av traditionellt använda material. Därför rekommenderas framtida arbete till att designa en optimerad kanaldesign med OSTE/Glas-pärlor 40% materialets egenskaper i åtanke för att förhoppningsvis kunna öka partikelfångst effektivitet.
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Babaoglu, De Bruyne Basak [Verfasser]. "The Assessment of Gene Patents Granted in Medical Biotechnology Area in the EU and the US: A Law and Economics Approach / Basak Babaoglu De Bruyne." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231436093/34.
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Alterman, Julia F. "A CNS-Active siRNA Chemical Scaffold for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases." eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1027.
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Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a promising class of drugs for treating genetically-defined diseases. Therapeutic siRNAs enable specific modulation of gene expression, but require chemical architecture that facilitates efficient in vivodelivery. siRNAs are informational drugs, therefore specificity for a target gene is defined by nucleotide sequence. Thus, developing a chemical scaffold that efficiently delivers siRNA to a particular tissue provides an opportunity to target any disease-associated gene in that tissue. The goal of this project was to develop a chemical scaffold that supports efficient siRNA delivery to the brain for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Huntington’s disease (HD).
HD is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that affects 3 out of every 100,000 people worldwide. This disorder is caused by an expansion of CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene that results in significant atrophy in the striatum and cortex of the brain. Silencing of the huntingtin gene is considered a viable treatment option for HD. This project: 1) identified a hyper-functional sequence for siRNA targeting the huntingtin gene, 2) developed a fully chemically modified architecture for the siRNA sequence, and 3) identified a new structure for siRNA central nervous system (CNS) delivery—Divalent-siRNA (Di-siRNA). Di-siRNAs, which are composed of two fully chemically-stabilized, phosphorothioate-containing siRNAs connected by a linker, support potent and sustained gene modulation in the CNS of mice and non-human primates. In mice, Di-siRNAs induced potent silencing of huntingtin mRNA and protein throughout the brain one month after a single intracerebroventricular injection. Silencing persisted for at least six months, with the degree of gene silencing correlating to guide strand tissue accumulation levels. In Cynomolgus macaques, a bolus injection exhibited significant distribution and robust silencing throughout the brain and spinal cord without detectable toxicity. This new siRNA scaffold opens the CNS for RNAi-based gene modulation, creating a path towards developing treatments for genetically-defined neurological disorders.
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Petersson, Nina. "Optimisation of capillary gel electrophoresis method for enhanced separation of mRNA shortmers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - BMC, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-351119.
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Advancements in the field of modified messenger RNA (mRNA) has led to new ventures in the pharmaceutical industry. However, new drug products demand new analytical methods to ensure the efficacy and purity of the drug. Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) with UV detection shows great potential for separation of mRNA samples due to the equal mass-to-charge ratio of mRNA and the flexible parameters of the CGE methods. This thesis investigates the optimal parameters of the capillary electrophoresis method, sample treatment procedure and sieving medium composition for enhanced shortmers separation of mRNA by CGE analysis. An RNA ladder with 100-1000 nucleotides and EPO mRNA with 900 nucleotides were used as model compounds. The effect of capillary dimensions and separation temperature on the resolution of the RNA peaks was established through comparative experiments. Sample treatment processes were evaluated to achieve an optimal conformation of the mRNA for CGE analysis. By heating the mRNA sample for 15 min at 80°C all multimers were seemingly eradicated. Moreover, it was found that addition of 4 M of urea to mRNA sample before heating resulted in improved peak shape. A sieving medium consisting of a mix of the two polymers polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) proved to have beneficial qualities for separation. The addition of sucrose as viscosity modifier in the sieving medium surprisingly further enhanced the resolution. Moreover, during the project a heavy wash was established which drastically improved repeatability of the analyses through more efficient regeneration of the capillary. ISSN:
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Marinho, Flávio Ferreira. "Tabernaemontana catharinensis : caracterização de metabólitos secundários e atividade citotóxica." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2014. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/984.
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Avik, Joonas. "Deciphering mechanisms underlying tumor heterogeneity using Multi-Omics approaches." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278700.
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Cancer is a complex disease and presents one of the greatest challenges in modern medicine. Despite remarkable advances in treatment of several cancer types, relapse and resistance to therapy remain recurring outcomes in patients, which underscores a need for personalized treatment approaches. These complications have been related to the high genetic diversity observed within tumors, termed intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). While specific mutational profiles have been associated with the development of heterogeneous tumors, the relationship between ITH and phenotype could unveil features that undergo selection and convey fitness. Features presented in the transcriptome, as markers of heterogeneity, might therefore be valuable biomarkers. In this project, these features are explored by assuming a linear relationship between genetic ITH measures and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas samples. By first reducing the number of variables among the transcriptome to the differentially expressed genes between low and high ITH samples, the association between specific gene expression profiles and ITH is sought with a linear model. By using two different methods for estimating ITH, called Expands and PhyloWGS, the association was modeled with each method. Interestingly, the model based on Expands captured the elevated expression of a chaperone gene DNAJC18 as being consistently associated with lower ITH in four cancer types. On the other hand, models based on PhyloWGS presented lower predictive power. These results demonstrate that the transcriptome can be used to predict genetic ITH, although this depends on the method used for characterizing ITH.Cancer är en komplex sjukdom och en av de största utmaningarna i dagens medicin. Trots stora framsteg i behandlingen av flera cancerformer är återfall och terapiresistens återkommande problem vilket talar starkt för behov av individualiserad behandling. Dessa komplikationer har relaterats till den höga genetiska variabiliteten som observeras inom tumörer, även kallad intratumoral heterogenitet (ITH). Undersökning av relationen mellan ITH och fenotypisk data kan ta fram markörer som är involverade i cancerutvecklingen som bidragare till heterogenitet. Genom att modellera associationen mellan transcriptomen och ITH kan man även hitta kliniskt relevanta biomarkörer. I detta projekt undersöks relationen mellan genutryck och ITH genom att applicera linjär regression. Genom att först reducera antalet variabler i transkriptomen till de diferentiellt utryckta gener, används linjära modellen för att ta fram specifika gener vars utryck kan relateras till ändringar i ITH uppskattad för The Cancer Genome Atlas prover. ITH uppskattas med två algoritmiska metoder, kallade Expands och PhyloWGS. Resultaten visade att förhöjd uttryck an genen DNAJC18 är associerad med lägre ITH uppskattad med Expands bland fyra cancer typer. Trots detta visade inte genutryck och ITH uppskattat med PhyloWGS lika starkt linjärt samband.
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Zandian, Arash. "Array-based Autoantibody Profiling and Epitope Mapping." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Proteomik och nanobioteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-213689.
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Antibodies are a class of proteins that are made by the immune system to recognize harmful organisms and molecules. Their exceptional capability of specifically recognizing molecules has been investigated for over a century and information thereof has been utilized for a variety of applications including vaccine and generation of therapeutic antibodies. Occasionally, instead of protecting the host against pathogens, antibodies can recognize constituents of the host and thereby cause an autoimmune reaction that eventually can lead to a disease. Therefore, it is of great interest to understand what the antibodies bind to and their specificities. The last decades of technical development and availability of protein and peptide microarrays have enabled large-scale profiling of antibodies and precise determination of their specificities through epitope mapping. In this thesis the aim was to use affinity proteomics tools to profile antibodies, determine their specificities, and discover potential associations of autoantigens to disease by analyzing blood-derived samples with microarray-based methods. In Paper I, 57 serum samples from patients with the suggested autoimmune disease narcolepsy, were analyzed on planar antigen microarrays with 10,846 human protein fragments. Verification on an independent sample collection consisting of serum samples from 176 individuals, revealed METTL22 and NT5C1A as two potential autoantigens. In Paper II, antibodies from 53 plasma samples from patients with first-episode psychosis, a condition suggested to have a partial autoimmune component, were analyzed on planar antigen microarrays with 2,304 human protein fragments. After a follow-up study of the patients, antibodies toward an antigen representing the three proteins, PAGE2, PAGE2B, PAGE5, was found associated to an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. In Paper III, serum and plasma samples from patients with the autoimmune diseases multiple sclerosis and narcolepsy, were epitope mapped on high-density peptide microarrays with approximately 2.2 million peptides. Technical and biological verification, by using other microarray technology and analyzing samples from 448 patients, revealed one peptide for multiple sclerosis and narcolepsy, representing the proteins MAP3K7 and NRXN1, with higher antibody reactivity towards in each group, respectively. In Paper IV, purified polyclonal antibodies raised against a surface antigen found on malaria-infected erythrocytes, were profiled on the peptide microarrays representing all proteins found on malaria-infected erythrocytes derived from Plasmodium falciparum. Then, different Plasmodium falciparum strains were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy and western blots, using the epitope mapped antibodies. The performance of the immunoassays were compared to the identified epitopes, and validated by RNA sequencing. In conclusion, these investigations describe multiplex methods to identify and characterize antibodies, their disease association and epitopes. Follow-up studies are needed to determine their potential use and clinical value.QC 20170905
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Wallbing, Linus. "Characterization of heterogeneity of biomolecular interactions using 3rd generation biosensor." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215130.
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A new tool for kinetic evaluation of kinetic rate constants is enabled by a 3rd generation biosensor. The tool is developed to meet the need of reliably experimental information and communication between pharmaceutical companies and regulatory agencies to increase the productivity and decrease the associated risks. Too obtain the necessary competences and resources for this, a project consisting of Attana AB, AstraZeneca AB, Waters Nordic AB and Karlstad University was established. The main aim of the project is to achieve a comprehension understanding of interactions of different character e.g. fast and slow kinetics. This report concerns a fast interaction system. By analyzing a parathyroid hormone system using standard biosensor assays and single cycle kinetics with Attana Cell™ 200 instruments the fast interaction was characterized. The experimental data was analyzed using standard kinetic evaluation and an adaptive interaction distribution algorithm. The latter tool is developed at Karlstad university in order to describe the heterogeneity of interactions. The idea is to use the heterogeneity information as a decision support in drug development. A sub aim was to investigate the feasibility of the single cycle kinetic assays compared to the standard biosensors assays. The results shows a decrease of experimental time by 70% for homogene interaction and the protocol enables assay without or with less regeneration.
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Ståhl, Olivia. "Heterologous expression and purification of Nicotiana benthamiana Cellulose synthase-like B (NbCslB)." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278581.
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Hemicelluloses are synthesized by proteins encoded by genes from the cellulose synthasegene superfamily. One subgroup of this gene family is the cellulose synthase-like B, which islargely uncharacterized and unexplored. The common model organism Nicotianabenthamiana has one such gene in its genome, NbCslB, encoding a membrane protein. Theexpression of this gene has previously been studied in vivo, but in order to study the protein invitro a viable solubilization and purification protocol is required. This study evaluated the useof the detergent n-Dodecyl β-D-maltoside (DDM) for solubilization, followed by purificationusing immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC), and thereafter reconstitutionof the protein into proteoliposomes. SDS-PAGE as well as Western blot analyses showed thatthe purification was successful and provided a pure sample of protein. Throughout theanalyses performed, an anti-FLAG antibody was discovered to bind well to the protein, andthereby be especially useful for analysis. An activity assay was performed on the purifiedprotein, to characterize its function and evaluate whether the protein had maintained itsactivity and conformation after the steps of purification and reconstitution. No activity couldbe detected in the enzymatic assay, which indicated that the purification protocol may havebeen too rough on the protein, that the reconstitution was not successful, or that the assayconditions were not optimal. These results can be used as a base for future research, where theprotocols for solubilization, purification, and reconstitution should be further refined in orderto obtain an end result where the purified protein is active. When an active and pure proteinsample is achieved, it will be possible to perform further attempts at characterizing thefunction of the protein using enzymatic activity assays. Additionally, the results showed thatthe choice of antibody can be crucial for proper analysis of this protein.Hemicellulosa syntetiseras av proteiner vars gener återfinns i genfamiljen cellulosasyntas. Enundergrupp till denna genfamilj är cellulosasyntasliknande B, en grupp som till stor del ärokarakteriserad och outforskad. Den vanliga modellorganismen Nicotiana benthamiana haren sådan gen i sitt genom, NbCslB, som kodar för ett membranprotein. Hur denna genuttrycks har tidigare studerats in vivo, men for att kunna studera proteinet in vitro krävs etthållbart protokoll för solubilisering och rening. Denna studie utvärderade användningen avlösningsmedlet n-Dodecyl β-D-maltoside (DDM) för solubilisering, följt av rening medimmobiliserad metalljon-affinitetskromatografi (IMAC), och efter det rekonstitution avproteinet till proteoliposomer. SDS-PAGE och Western blot analyser visade att reningen varlyckad, och att ett rent proteinprov erhållits. När analyserna genomfördes upptäcktes att enanti-FLAG antikropp band särskilt väl till proteinet, och därmed var mycket användbar vidanalys. En aktivitetsanalys genomfördes med det renade proteinet för att karakterisera dessfunktion och utvärdera huruvida proteinet hade bevarat sin aktivitet och konformation efterrening och rekonstitution. Ingen aktivitet kunde detekteras i den enzymatiskaaktivitetsanalysen, vilket indikerade att reningen eventuellt var för hård mot proteinet,alternativt att rekonstitutionen inte var lyckad, eller att förhållandena för analysen inte varoptimala. Dessa resultat kan användas som en bas för framtida forskning om proteinet, därprotokollen för solubilisering, rening och rekonstitution bör vidareutvecklas för att uppnå ettslutresultat där det renade proteinet är aktivt. När ett aktivt och rent proteinprov uppnåtts ärdet möjligt att genomföra ytterligare försök att karakterisera proteinets funktion medenzymatiska aktivitetsanalyser. Resultaten visade också att valet av antikropp kan varaavgörande för att ordentligt kunna analysera detta protein.
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Mazzaferro, Eugenia. "Identification and characterization of causal genes for LDL cholesterol levels and downstream effects on atherosclerosis." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-14650.
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Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and results from progression of atherosclerosis, which is triggered in part by elevated plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol. Genome-wide association studies have identified many loci that are associated with circulating lipid levels and bioinformatics tools have been implemented to prioritize positional candidate genes. This project aims to better understand the genetics underlying the regulation of plasma LDL levels and their effect of atherosclerosis using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system. A multiplex line with the genes abcg5, abcg8, myrf, col4a3bpa, col4a3bpb, st3gal3, ywhaqa and ywhaqb targeted by CRISPR/Cas9 technique was established using zebrafish with fluorescently labeled macrophages (Tg[mpeg1:mCherry]) and neutrophils (Tg[mpo:EGFP]). Monodansylpentane cadaverase was used to visualize lipids droplets, together with macrophages and neutrophils, in 384 overfed larvae, allowing the visualization and quantification of vascular atherogenic traits at 10 days post-fertilization. Euthanized larvae were homogenized for the quantification of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, glucose and protein levels. DNA was extracted and larvae were paired-end sequenced for the CRISPR-targeted sites. Linear regression analysis to compare the wild-type larvae against homozygous mutants and additive models for orthologous genes were performed. The lower accumulation of lipids and the lower co-localization of macrophages and neutrophils in the vasculature suggested that the larvae with mutations in the gene abcg5, abcg8, col4a3bpb, and ywhaqb resulted in larvae more protected against atherosclerotic phenotype. The study suggested that loss of function of the targeted genes was associated with atherogenic traits, helping to understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Ying-Chia, Huang, and 黃英家. "Medical Biotechnology Industry and National Innovation System." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65709165110527760984.
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碩士國立中山大學
企業管理研究所
86
Comparing with the past cross-section studies exploiting static data, I investigate the development of the medical biotechnology industries (MBTI) of 4 advanced countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, German, Japan) from the holistic and dynamic views, and then try to find the national context that makes the development of MBTI available.By analyzing the secondary data and interviewing experts, I construct a conceptual model of the national innovation system (NIS) for MBTI development, and identify the critical factors of the system. The critical factors of NIS for successful MBTI development reveal as below:1. Copiousness of research fund that depends upon long term GDP growth and large portion of budget allocated to biomedical basic research;2. Plenty of research manpower that depends upon the national educational context and international exchange;3. Abundance of technology sources that depend upon the stock and flow mechanism of knowledge of universities and institutes;4. Generous venture capital that depends upon motivating taxation and supportive financial market;5. Effective new drug governance that depends upon efficient officials with excellent administrative ability;6. High level of technology of related industries that depend upon good medical and pharmaceutical environment;7. Stock of system operation knowledge that depends upon good training system for management teams.By using the NIS model, I then examine Taiwan''s environment and context that cultivate the MBTI, and then raise some stretch and leverage strategies that promote the development of the industry.
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Chen, Mei-Ju, and 陳玫汝. "Business Model Analysis of Biotechnology and Medical Companies in Taiwan." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12662089558365979531.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
92
Under the favorable policy support and a well-established legal environment, the biotechnology and medical industry in developed countries prosper with vigorous market growth and leading technologies. In the past, only few very large pharmaceutical companies were able to finish the whole process of new drug research and development on their own. In contrast, the trend is towards specialization in a particular section of the value chain. The specialization allows small biotech companies to focus on and leverage their core competences through strategic alliances and interdependency. This development provides opportunities for companies in Taiwan with constrained endowments to go across the territory of new drug development. The biotechnology and medical industry in Taiwan faces critical limits in technology and resources. Under such circumstances, how do these biotech and pharmaceutical companies organize their scarce capital assets, construct their business model to strengthen core competences, avoid business risk, cooperate with foreign companies, and eventually enter the new drug development field? We also want to find out which kind of business model is more suitable under Taiwan’s situation (both on a macro and micro level). In order to fully understand the operating models in the stages of growth, we choose Vita, Genovate, Maywufa and TTY as our research targets, and combine with related business model theories to analyze Taiwan’s medical industry and companies’ business models (business scope, profit capture, value proposition, strategy control), cooperative models, and growth paths. The conclusion will set forth the conditions and limits that different models will confront, thus providing a reference for incumbents and new entrants.
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ZENG, RONG-SHUN, and 曾頌舜. "Biotechnology research medical industry of the structure, conduct and performance." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58072473196103307807.
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碩士中華大學
企業管理學系碩士班
103
The life cycle of the species is inseparable from illness and death, how to make human life better quality medical care, survival is more dignified old age each of us must be concerned about the issue. Quality of life and survival of the biotech industry and human health has importance inextricably linked, since the extension of human life, consumption levels increase, resulting in the elderly population aging and an increased incidence of chronic and predictable global biotechnology healthcare industry will continue to expand. According to the medical industry Corp. National Biotechnology Policy Council of 2014.12.02 released data show: in 2013 the company Business Monitor International (BMI) report, the global medical equipment market size of 3,046 billion US dollars, is expected to 2017, up to 4,297 one hundred million US dollars , compound growth rate of 2012 and 2017 of up to 7.1%, while in the pharmaceutical market is expected to 2017 global pharmaceutical spending up to $ 1.2 trillion, a 3.6% annual rate of increase growth, pharmaceutical and medical equipment market in terms of size and growth figures We are very alarming. In summary, the main purpose of this study is to discuss the current situation of China's listed for the medical industry of biotechnology and the use of industrial economics Mason-Bain's "structure - conduct - performance" theory, analysis of industry market structure, firm behavior and operational performance. This paper will (1) The maximum concentration ratio of the top five vendors Hayes measure of market concentration, (2) investigate the behavior and business strategy firm. (3) to measure the performance of the industry change from a financial point of view and adopt regression analysis to investigate the medical biotechnology industry per unit of capital revenue and earnings per share relevant. The results found the following, Taiwan biotech medical industry: (1) That the market concentration, this market revenue belongs in low oligopoly markets. (2) From the manufacturer learned behavior, there are obvious differences in behavior between Taiwan listed biotech medical industry manufacturers. (3) The revenue and earnings per share per unit of capital were positively correlated.
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WANG, JIAN-REN, and 王建仁. "The Study of Development and Investment for Taiwan Biotechnology and Medical Industry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66z28z.
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碩士大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
107
This study concentrates on the comparison of pharmaceutical, medical device, and health care stocks subordinate to the biotechnology sector in terms of return on investment(ROI), return on assets(ROA), research and development(R&D) expenses, earnings per share(EPS), and revenue growth rate. The findings reveal that large-cap companies could produce much higher ROIs. The higher the revenue growth rate is achieved, the higher ROI is yield. Nevertheless, there is no significant difference in the annualized rate of return among pharmaceutical, medical device, and health care stocks. In the aspects of ROA and EPS, pharmaceutical shares are superior to medical device and health care shares, though pharmaceutical firms spend the most on R&D. One biotech company spending more on R&D or suffering declines in market capitalization would incur a significant EPS loss. Health care firms spend the least on R&D and medical device firms spend nearly the same amount as health care firms. Moreover, pharmaceutical companies achieve the highest growth rate in revenue and medical device companies have the lowest revenue growth rate while no significant differences are found among the three groups of biotech stocks.
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Chaw, Shu-Miaw, and 趙淑妙. "A Star of Tomorrow? Taiwan Biotechnology and Medical Industry — The Role of Patent." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jsptdh.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融組
103
This study investigates the stock performance of 72 firms listed in TSEC biotechnology and medical index (TBMI) during the period from 2007Q3 to 2014Q2. The main objective of the empirical analysis is to investigate whether firms with new patents outperformed those firms without new patents. The impact of new patents on performance is assayed with stock return rate, whether a new patent issued in previous quarter in a firm, the three-factor Fama-French asset pricing model as well as panel-data-regressions. In the regression analysis we also include a dummy variable for arresting the time effect on the fluctuating stock market and a patent variable, new patent number in the present quarter. The empirical evidence suggests that (1) The firm with new patents in previous quarter and the patent number being only one have a positive impact on the stock return (%) of listed firms, (2) but negative impact on the OTC firms; that (3) increase of new patents has no positive impact on the next quarter in both Listed and OTC firms, and (4) that if there is a newly issued patent in this quarter, additional new patent will not affect the stock return of the next quarter.
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Chou, Teh-Ying, and 周德盈. "A Study of Industry-Government-Academia Cooperation Model in Biotechnology and Medical Care." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02759770535138491363.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
國際企業管理組
104
Biotechnology is a very important and prospective investment currently and its applications are used in a variety of areas of science such as agriculture and medicine. The universities and research institutions are long taken as the origin of knowledge for industries. Through a well-designed cooperation, that is, industry-government-academia cooperation, those intellectual property rights, patents and technology generated from academic organizations could be applied in the industries to bolster industrial competency and economic growth. Although government in Taiwan has advocated and subsidized the industry-government-academia collaboration for many years, there are still certain regulations needed to be reformed and problems happened during the cooperation have to be contemplated especially in terms of biotechnology and medicine care fields. The thesis reviews the related literatures about the motives and models of industry-government-academia liaison in biotechnological field and describes the background of biotechnology, current development status, and future growth potentials. Also, the article compiles the norms and regulations with respect to intellectual property rights, patents, and technology transfer produced during the collaboration. Additionally, by analyzing case study “National medical center and Private biomedical enterprise Joint Research and Development” to identify the problems and potential obstacles happened in the time period of collaboration. Finally, the end of the thesis points out the difficulties including IP management, patent licensing, conflict of interests, the regulations for faculty promotion, medical dispute and contents of contract and recommends some resolutions for the universities, research institutions and governments accordingly.
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Chen, Yi-Siou, and 陳怡秀. "Study on IPO Age and Firm Value for Taiwan Biotechnology and Medical Industry." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46518959353100387405.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院碩士在職專班管理科學組
99
Previous studies have showed that there is a substantial difference in enterprise performance on short-term and long-term after going public and firm value is also affected by industry category. This study discusses the relationship of IPO age and P/B ratio in Taiwan’s biotechnology and medical industry. A total of 29 listed Taiwanese companies, including 15 from pharmaceutical industry and 14 from medical device industry, were selected as the targets for this study. A total of 122 effective samples were generated from 2001 to 2007. The data were analyzed with the method of independent sample t-test and regression analysis. The first step of this study involves categorizing the samples into different groups based upon their industry categories. This study also employs regression analysis to examine the relationship between enterprise value and enterprise scale, Return on Asset (ROA), debt ratio, IPO age, and different biotech industry categories. The results of this study are summarized as the following: (1) In Taiwan’s biotechnology and medical industry, IPO age and industry category may negatively influence P/B ratio. (2) After the company goes public, the short-term performance generates better results than the long-term performance because the information is not transparent enough and the investors’ expectation to company performance usually exceeds company operation. (3) The IPO age may influence investment return and company growth. Specifically, when IPO age is longer, investment return may tend to be lower and the company growth may be reduced. Keywords: Biotechnology and medical industry, P/B ratio, Industry category, IPO Age, Firm Value, Regression Analysis
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KUO, KUN-CHANG, and 郭昆昌. "Evaluation on the Business Performance of Biotechnology and Medical Industry by TOPSIS Method." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fs7pkt.
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碩士萬能科技大學
經營管理研究所在職專班
106
Due to global enter the aging society and emerging countries of business opportunities for the biotechnology medical development, the government has included the biotechnology medical as a key technology industry in 1982, and the scale of this biotechnology and medical industry is also accompanied by the distribution of domestic and foreign markets by related companies continue to grow rapidly year by year. This research data downloads biotechnology medical industry the financial reports from Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE) Market Observation Post System (MOPS) study business performance. According to the financial reports of six listed biotechnology medical companies from 2014 to 2016.This study used CRITIC method to calculated the weight objective of evaluation index in the financial reports, and the TOPSIS method is used to the CRITIC/TOPSIS model, calculates and ranks the sample companies rankings of various financial evaluation index and overall business performance, and then learns the good performance of each company in business performance. The result research shows that during each year, each sample company has different performance changes in each item in the annual financial reports. Profitability and overall business performance affect each other more, and it can be understood from this research the value of the company's investment, and can be used as a reference for investors in the formulation strategies.
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Li, Jyun-sian, and 李俊憲. "The Operating Performance of Taiwan’s Biotechnology and Medical Industry：An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7nk6ad.
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碩士國立屏東商業技術學院
國際企業所
102
In recent years, with advances in biotechnology and medical, in order to improve the quality of life and increase life expectancy, demand for the biotechnology and medical industry is also growing. Whether private or official, investment in human capital and the biotechnology and medical industry continues to increase, more and more cases of large-scale investment, biotechnology and medical industry has gradually become an integral part of an important industry. The purpose of this study was to understand what are the main reasons for the competitiveness of biotechnology and medical industry's most influential. This study uses data envelopment analysis, with two inputs (operating costs, operating expenses) and two outputs (operating revenue and operating income), to analyze Taiwan-listed eighteen biotechnology and medical companies operating efficiency during 2010-2012. The results showed, whether overall technical efficiency, scale efficiency, pure technical efficiency, has been declining and regress in biotechnology and medical industry. A segment industries in a situation of diminishing returns to scale, need to expand to the most suitable management scale. In addition, Taiwan's biotechnology and medical industry there have been problems in production efficiency, and deviate from the fixed or long term returns to scale the optimal scale, is the biotechnology and medical industry needs improvement.
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LI, Jimmy, and 李明吉. "Performance Evaluation of Biotechnology Medical Device Industry Using Fuzzy Multi-Objective Data Envelopment Analysis." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62759415199243272645.
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碩士大葉大學
工業工程與科技管理學系
97
In recent years, because of the fast progress of gene decoding , the array picture of the human genome has already been drawn successfully in 2003, under the government's active promotion, encouragement and investment of the hot twine, progressive biotechnologies day by day make the biotechnology industry of Taiwan growing, which already have embryonic form and effect for the first time, but in technology, developed experiences had disparity of a certain degree with the advanced countries of the world. The paper uses the Fuzzy Multi-objects DEA method and the traditional DEA method to analysis of production efficiency of 13 biotechnology medical device manufacturer in Taiwan from 2005 to 2007. Actual example indicates that, the efficiency of (biotechnology) medical device manufacturers in Taiwan has the sign of soaring year by year, among them it is most obvious to improve with ApexBio and Health & Life . The paper uses the Fuzzy Multi-objects DEA method to analyze the production efficiency of 13 (biotechnology) medical device manufacturers in Taiwan, and the paper analyzes by slack analysis, efficiency analysis, striving direction in order to improve the future of (biotechnology) medical device manufacturer in Taiwan efficiency. After the actual example, the Fuzzy Multi-objects DEA method is not only superior to the traditional DEA in calculating but also relatively have discriminability in assessing the result, the paper conclude the fuzzy model has the higher practicability and effectiveness even more than the traditional DEA method .
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WU, TSUNG-HSIN, and 吳宗信. "Corporate Governance and Performance in Publicly Listed Biotechnology and Medical Care Companies in Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69e6fr.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
105
This study focuses on the relationship between the corporate governance and business performance in publicly listed biotechnology and medical care companies in Taiwan. Based on the samples of 104 biotechnology and medical care companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2016, we use multiple regression analysis to explore the relationship between business performance and the seven corporate governance variables, which are included in the composition of the board and shareholding structure. The results show that the shareholding ratio of directors and supervisors, the shareholding ratio of managers, the proportions of shares owned by institutional investors, the chairman of the board as the general manager are positively correlated with business performance. However, our results indicate that the size of Board, the proportion of independent directors are positively and negatively correlated with business performance. There is no significant correlation between the shareholding ratio of major shareholders and business performance. Company size and debt ratio are positively and negatively correlated with business performance. R & D expenditure ratio and the year of the two variables have no significant influence. We also investigated the differences in companies of various R & D expenditure levels, regarding the influence of corporate governance variables on business performance. We found that in the high R & D expenditure group company, the shareholding ratio of directors and supervisors, the chairman of the board as the general manager have a more positive impact on business performance. The shareholding ratio of major shareholders, the proportion of independent directors have a more negative impact on business performance. The proportions of shares owned by institutional investors, the shareholding ratio of managers have positive and negative impact on business performance.
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Cheng, Kai-Hsiang, and 張凱翔. "Research of Loyalty by Skin Care Products of Biotechnology Pluralism in HS Unite Medical Group." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qv4st9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士開南大學
商學院碩士在職專班
104
Nowadays, the conscious of fashion dressing and cosmetic appearance has raised, and not only women, but also men have begun to care for their appearance. Cosmetic user's purpose is to make themselves look healthier and younger. In an array of cosmetic commodities, consumers have to choice in many commodities. Therefore, understanding the use loyalty of the consumer can help firm in decision-making of marketing. In our study, conducted through questionnaires in subjects from July 16, 2015 to Oct 15, 2015, 407 questionnaires were collected, 355 valid questionnaires, the effective rate are 87.2%. Our study found that consumer does not influence from its education, age, area of residence or the price of their skin care product and lead consumer to not focus on their user loyalty. The conclusion of our study has proposed two ways to contact with the customer. The first one is to hold some workshop or experience briefings. The second is to engage social network, because consumers will often collect some information from the internet when they are going to buy any kind of products.
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Lin, Yin-Chun, and 林吟純. "The Determinants of Patent Diversification：An Empirical Study of U.S. Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical, and Medical Instrument Industry." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36063505948497780814.
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碩士逢甲大學
企業管理所
98
In the era of knowledge economy, firm can improve overall competitive advantage by R&D and continually innovation. To achieve target of maximal profit and sustainable development, enterprises not only from the patent to understand the current competitive position in the industry, but also implement diversify strategies to maintain the existing business’s growth. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explore the determinants of patent diversification in U.S. Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Medical Instrument Industries. The observation time is from 2003 to 2008 and the data set include 216 Biological observations, 296 Pharmaceutical observations and 182 Medical Instrument observations in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database. We used the multinomial logistic regression to extract the determining factors of patent citations. This study includes 7 factors of affecting patent diversification: R&D intensity, capital expenditures, firm sizes, firm risk, firm age, diversification, and patent positions. We find that firm age and patent positions are significant in the Biological industry. Firm sizes and diversification are significant in the Pharmaceutical industry. Capital expenditures, firm sizes, diversification, and patent positions are significant in the Medical Instrument industry. Firms can use capital expenditures, firm sizes, firm age, diversification and patent positions to improve patent diversification.
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Jung-Mao, Lin, and 林榮茂. "Amendment of Medical Devices Regulations and Its Impacts on Stock Prices in Taiwan Biotechnology Industry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5235vd.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
管理學院經營管理碩士學位學程碩士在職專班
107
As most of the countries make certain regulations of Biotechnology, the regulation plays an important role in the company’s policy and operation. The companies will need to increase the cost due to the change of the regulations and it also impacts their margin. Those companies that don’t follow the regulations will face criminal punishment and the reputation will decrease as the result in. Furthermore, the stock price will be impacted. Hence, this research explores the influence on stock price in Taiwan Biotechnology industry with the amendment of EU medical device regulation. The results showed the announcement of regulation amendment has negative impact on stock price in Taiwan Biotechnology industry. Furthermore, since turnover of Biotechnology industry comes from exportation, experimental group and control group were surveyed. The results showed us after the announcement of the regulation amendment, the stock price of these two groups all has a negative abnormal return. The study concluded that the amendment of EU medical device regulation influenced not only the stock price of experimental group but also control group.
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Grangeia, Ana Isabel Fernandes. "Prevalence of Cystic Fibrosis and spectrum of CFTR gene mutations in a Portuguese population." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/89277.
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Tavares, Pedro Miguel de Miranda. "Development of a Smart Sensor Node based on BITALINO." Master's thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/89316.
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This dissertation is framed in the scope of the European Project SelSus, which aims to develop a new life cycle based and distributed upon probabilistic diagnostic and predictive maintenance environment for repairing and renovation activities. To promote all the previously addressed issues, the innovative concept of Sensor Cloud is presented. This concept is intimately related with the development of both Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA), along with capabilities for processing, reduction and generation of sensor data. As a point of interest and ease of implement of this Sensor Cloud, the Smart Node concept is explored as intermediate between sensors, considered lower capacity devices, and components that may require certain services from the Cloud. The application scenario is the automotive industry. The main purpose of this dissertation is the study how this Smart Node's concept can be extended in order to include humans in the sensing process, both for accessing their conditions (Body Wearable Sensors) and to use the human as an active sensor (Sensor Probe), promoting the integration of a diverse type of sensors (like ECG, EMG, ACC, Vision, etc) and software algorithms that will be embedded within this platform to facilitate collaboration and decision making on a distributed peer-to-peer basis. This new node will use BITALINO (http://bitalino.com/) as main implementation platform.
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Santos, Ana Isabel Alves de Sá e. Sousa. "Using different data sources for the identification of asthma patients and those at high risk of adverse outcomes." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/122304.
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