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Journal articles on the topic 'Medicago sativa'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Basch, Ethan, Catherine Ulbricht, Michelle Harrison, David Sollars, Michael Smith, Cathi Dennehy, and Philippe Szapary. "Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Journal Of Herbal Pharmacotherapy 3, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j157v03n02_09.

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2

Eremenko, R. F., L. N. Maloshtan, and E. Yu Yatsenko. "Experimental study of hypoglycemic effect of medicago sativa leaves extract." Kazan medical journal 95, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1843.

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Aim. To study the hypoglycemic effect of the Medicago Sativa leaves extract in intact rats and in rats with a glucose load. Methods. At the first stage, hypoglycemic effect of Medicago Sativa leaves extract was determined in intact rats. 50 mg/kg of metformin and 18 mg/kg of herbal anti-diabetic «Arfazetin» tea were used as comparator drugs. At the second stage, hypoglycemic effect of Medicago Sativa leaves extract was determined in rats with glucose load. Blood samples for glucose analysis were taken before and in 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after loading. Blood glucose level was determined by glucose oxidase method. Results. Medicago Sativa leaves extract showed hypoglycemic effect both in intact animals and in animals with glucose load. 25 mg/kg of Medicago Sativa leaves extract decreased blood glucose level in intact animals at 4, 6 and 8 hours by 1.04, 1.14 and 1.11 times compared to the baseline level; the effect was comparable with herbal anti-diabetic «Arfazetin» tea and was inferior to metformin. A single 25 mg/kg dose of Medicago Sativa leaves extract showed hypoglycemic effect in animals with glucose load and significantly reduced blood glucose level in 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes compared to control. Conclusion. The findings suggest that 25 mg/kg of Medicago Sativa leaves extract can be used as a herbal medication in the complex treatment of type II diabetes mellitus for its hypoglycemic properties.

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3

Milentyeva, Irina Sergeevna, Anastasiya Igorevna Dmitrieva, Lyudmila Konstantinovna Asyakina, and Yulia Vladimirovna Golubtsova. "Analysis of individual biologically active compounds from root crop extracts of purple alfalfa (medicago sativa) in vitro." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 2 (May 18, 2021): 564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202172864p.564-574.

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The authors selected the parameters for obtaining root cultures in vitro Medicago sativa. The number of cell culture lines studied is 15. The duration of the growth cycle is less than 50 days. The number of processed explants is 75. The growth characteristics of root cultures of in vitro purple alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were studied. The growth index for the dry biomass of the in vitro root culture of alfalfa was 31. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of BAS in the biomass of the obtained root cultures of in vitro alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was carried out. Unique biologically active substances (not previously described for alfalfa) were identified.): apigenin, naringenin, myricetin, chrysoeriol, coumestrol, and scopoletin. Rational parameters of isolation of individual BAS from the extract of root cultures of in vitro alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were selected. The degree of extraction of individual BAS is 80%. Methods of purification of individual BAS Medicago sativa have been developed. The degree of purification of individual BAS is 95%.

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4

Blondon, François, Dominique Marie, Spencer Brown, and Adam Kondorosi. "Genome size and base composition in Medicago sativa and M. truncatula species." Genome 37, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-037.

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The genome size (1C value) and base composition of 14 ecotypes of two species of tetraploid and diploid Medicago have been assessed by flow cytometry. These parameters vary both between and within species. The diploid annual Medicago truncatula Gaertn. had the smallest genome of the group studied (which also covered M. sativa L. subsp. sativa, M. sativa L. subsp. caerulea (Less. ex Ledeb.) Schmalh., M. sativa L. subsp. quasifalcata Sinsk., M. sativa L. subsp. × varia (Martyn) Arcangeli; however, its ecotypes revealed substantial intraspecific variation. The smallest M. truncatula genome observed was ecotype 108-1 with 1C = 0.49 pg and 38.1% GC and the largest was Jemalong with 1C = 0.57 pg and 38.6% GC. The degree of polysomaty in these Medicago was low, although in some tissues the frequency of cells with 4C nuclei reached 50%.Key words: Medicago, genome size, base composition, flow cytometry, symbiosis.

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5

Natelson, S. "Canavanine in alfalfa (Medicago sativa)." Experientia 41, no. 2 (February 1985): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02002625.

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6

Chaudhary, Anjali, Shivam ., Neetu Sachan, and Phool Chandra. "A Comprehensive Review: Medicago sativa." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 65, no. 1 (November 15, 2020): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.47583/ijpsrr.2020.v65i01.029.

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7

Segovia-Lerma, A., R. G. Cantrell, J. M. Conway, and I. M. Ray. "AFLP-based assessment of genetic diversity among nine alfalfa germplasms using bulk DNA templates." Genome 46, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-100.

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Improving commercial utilization of perennial Medicago collections requires developing approaches that can rapidly and accurately characterize genetic diversity among large numbers of populations. This study evaluated the potential of using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA markers, in combination with DNA bulking over multiple genotypes, as a strategy for high-throughput characterization of genetic distances (D) among alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) accessions. Bulked DNA templates from 30 genotypes within each of nine well-recognized germplasms (African, Chilean, Flemish, Indian, Ladak, Medicago sativa subsp. falcata, Medicago sativa subsp. varia, Peruvian, and Turkistan) were evaluated using 34 primer combinations. A total of 3754 fragments were identified, of which 1541 were polymorphic. The number of polymorphic fragments detected per primer combination ranged from 20 to 85. Pairwise D estimates among the nine germplasms ranged from 0.52 to 1.46 with M. sativa subsp. falcata being the most genetically dissimilar. Unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis of the marker data produced two main clusters, (i) M. sativa subsp. sativa and M. sativa subsp. varia, and (ii) M. sativa subsp. falcata. Cluster-analysis results and D estimates among the Chilean, Peruvian, Flemish, and M. sativa subsp. varia germplasms supported the hypothesis that Peruvian was more similar to original Spanish introductions into Central and South America than Chilean. Hierarchical arrangement of the nine germplasms was supported by their respective geographic, subspecific, and intersubspecific hybrid origins. Subsets of as few as seven highly informative primer pairs were identified that produced comparable D estimates and similar heirarchical arrangements compared with the complete dataset. The results indicate that use of primer-pair subsets for AFLP analysis of bulk DNA templates could serve as a high-throughput system for accurately characterizing genetic diversity among large numbers of alfalfa populations.Key words: Medicago sativa, DNA bulking, genetic distance.

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8

Sharma, Prashant, Sujit Das, and Tanmay Mohanta. "A Study on the Wound Healing Properties of Medicago sativa." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 4 (July 15, 2021): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i4.4940.

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There are lots of herbal plants are using for various treatment, food remedy etc from the prehistoric time. India has taken a great part to garage lots of herbal plants. 3-12 years lifespan containing and cool climate growing Medicago sativa is one of them good rank holder herbal plant. After studying the chemical constituents of M. sativa, it contains vitamin C, vitamin K, genistein which have great wound healing activity as well as it can cure kidney pain, cough, sore muscle, asthma etc. But it cannot take those people who are suffering breast cancer, ovarian cancer etc. At last, after overall study, Medicago sativa has great reflection on human and animals. Keywords: Medicago sativa, wound healing, vitamin C, vitamin K, genistein, food remedy.

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9

R, Gomathi, Banu S, and Usha K. "PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF MEDICAGO SATIVA SEEDS." Kongunadu Research Journal 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj82.

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Phytochemical analysis and in vitro free radical scavenging activities were analyzed in the various extracts of Medicago sativa seeds. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, phytosterols, tannins, terpenoids and phenols. Among the various extracts, phytochemicals were extracted best in ethanol. Free radical scavenging activities such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl, superoxide, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferrous ion chleating activity and non radicals such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide were analyzed in the various extracts of Medicago sativa seeds and were compared with standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. All the extracts of Medicago sativa seeds scavenged the free radicals in a concentration dependent manner. The antioxidative activity of all the extracts was found to be more pronounced than that of the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid. Among the various extracts, the antioxidant activity was found to be more pronounced in ethanolic extract of Medicago sativa seeds

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10

Molor, Adiyasuren, Altantsetseg Khajidsuren, Uuganzaya Myagmarjav, and Enkhchimeg Vanjildorj. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF MEDICAGO L. PLANTS UNDER STRESSED CONDITIONS." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 19, no. 3 (January 10, 2017): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v19i3.733.

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As a perennial forage crop, alfalfa (Medicago L.) can be cultivated in marginal lands and has a high yield and good quality of high-protein content. Alfalfa has deep vertical roots; this species is able to absorb even depth waters about 5 m depth and more. This advantage saves plant’s life in long term drought. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of drought stress during germination and growth stage of 2 species (Medicago sativa, Medicago falcata) and 2 varieties (Mongolian Medicago varia Marthz var.Burgaltai and Inner Mongolian Medicago varia Martyn var.Nutag Belcheer-2) in laboratory condition. In order to expose the drought stresses in plant by polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) with 0 (control), -0.3, -0.5 and -1.0 MPa for 2 weeks respectively. The results represented that Medicago sativa had higher seed germination percentage than other species and varieties. Water uptake, dry matter index are observed in M.sativa higher than others.The highest chlorophyll content was in Medicago varia Marthz var.Burgaltai. The highest result of root, shoot length and weight were observed in Medicago sativa. In contrast, the significantly lowest result of morphological parameters was in Mediago varia Martyn var.Nutag Belcheer-2. M.sativa is highly tolerant to drought stress among species. M.varia Marth var.Burgaltai was moderately tolerant to drought stress among varieties.

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11

McCoy, T. J., C. S. Echt, and L. C. Mancino. "Segregation of molecular markers supports an allotetraploid structure for Medicago sativa × Medicago papillosa interspecific hybrid." Genome 34, no. 4 (August 1, 1991): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-088.

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Cytogenetic analysis has indicated there is little genomic affinity between the genomes of Medicago sativa L. and Medicago papillosa Boiss. The objective of this study was to determine whether disomic segregation of alleles at isozyme and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci occurs in F1 hybrids of M. sativa × M. papillosa. We examined segregation of alleles at seven isozyme loci and 13 RFLP loci. Of the 20 loci analyzed, 11 exhibited a disomic pattern of inheritance, indicative of strict species-specific chromosome pairing in the M. sativa × M. papillosa hybrids. The other nine loci generally followed disomic inheritance, with exceptions. The results provide significant evidence in support of the concept that M. sativa × M. papillosa hybrids are basically allotetraploids with limited genomic affinity between the genomes. This report also represents the first documentation of the utility of RFLP markers in genetic analysis of alfalfa, a species with an essentially nonexistent genetic map.Key words: isozymes, genomic affinity, alfalfa, introgression, restriction fragment length polymorphism.

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12

McCoy, T. J. "Interspecific hybridization of Medicago sativa L. and M. rupestris M. B. using ovule–embryo culture." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-035.

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An ovule–embryo culture method was used to produce the first interspecific hybrids between alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Medicago rupestris M. B. Culture of fertilized ovules from the cross diploid (2n = 2x = 16) M. sativa (jpjp) × diploid (2n = 2x = 16) M. rupestris began 14 days after pollination. After 5 days in culture, the interspecific hybrid embryo was removed and transferred to fresh medium, where development into a plant occurred. Forty-six M. sativa – M. rupestris F1 hybrids have been recovered using this technique. All but one of the 46 F1 hybrids were diploid (2n = 2x = 16); the only exception was tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32). The most frequent meiotic configurations observed in the F1 hybrid plants were eight bivalents or seven bivalents and two univalents, indicating significant homology between M. sativa and M. rupestris genomes. However, pollen stainability (0–12%) and pollen germination (0–6%) were extremely low. Similar to the production of the F1, no first backcross (BC1) plants were obtained from seed; however, the ovule–embryo culture method was found to be a very effective method for recovering BC1 plants and hundreds of BC1 plants have been produced. The BC1 plants from crossing the F1 with diploid M. sativa were predominantly diploid. Medicago rupestris can now be considered a potential germplasm source for alfalfa improvement. The ovule–embryo culture method represents the first successful recovery of Medicago interspecific hybrids via some form of embryo rescue. Importantly, it appears this technique can be applied to other interspecific hybrid combinations in the Medicago genus.Key words: Medicago, alfalfa, embryo culture, interspecific hybrid.

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13

Small, Ernest. "Taxonomy of glandular wild alfalfa (Medicago sativa)." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1986): 2125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-280.

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Yellow-flowered plants of Medicago sativa L. sensu lato with coiled pods covered with glandular trichomes are treated as M. sativa subsp. glomerata (Balbis) Rouy, and those with yellow flowers and uncoiled glandular pods as M. sativa subsp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli var. viscosa (Reichenb.) Posp. Synonymy of these and common hybrid forms is given.

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14

Mackie, J. M., P. M. Pepper, K. F. Lowe, J. M. Musial, and J. A. G. Irwin. "Potential to increase yield in lucerne (Medicago sativa subsp. sativa) through introgression of Medicago sativa subsp. falcata into Australian adapted material." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 12 (2005): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05085.

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The effect of interspecific heterosis in crosses between Medicago sativa subsp. sativa and M. sativa subsp. falcata was assessed. Three sativa and 3 falcata plants were crossed in a diallel design. Progeny dry matter yield and natural plant height were assessed in a replicated field experiment at Gatton, Queensland. Yield data were analysed using the method of residual maximum likelihood (REML) and Griffing’s model 1. There were significant differences between the reciprocal, general combining ability (GCA), and specific combining ability (SCA) effects. As expected, S1 populations were lower yielding than their respective intraspecific cross and falcata × falcata crosses were significantly lower yielding than sativa × sativa crosses. Some of the interspecific crosses indicated substantial SCA effects, yielding at least as well as the best sativa × sativa crosses. We have demonstrated the potential usefulness of unselected M. sativa subsp. falcata as a heterotic group in the improvement of yield in northern Australian adapted lucerne material, and discuss how it could be incorporated into future breeding to overcome the yield stagnation currently being experienced in Australian programs.

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15

Shah, Safdar Hussain, S. J. Wainwright ., and M. J. Merrett . "Regeneration and Somaclonal Variation in Medicago sativa and Medicago media." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 6, no. 9 (April 15, 2003): 816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2003.816.820.

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16

Hoori, F., A. A. Ehsanpour, and A. Mostajeran. "Comparison of Somatic Embryogenesis in Medicago sativa and Medicago truncatula." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 15, 2007): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.481.485.

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17

Calderini, O., F. Pupilli, P. D. Cluster, A. Mariani, and S. Arcioni. "Cytological studies of the nucleolus organizing regions in the Medicago complex: sativa–coerulea–falcata." Genome 39, no. 5 (October 1, 1996): 914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g96-115.

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A cytological examination of the nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) of three species from the Medicago sativa complex was conducted to evaluate the structural and functional evolution of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) loci that encode the 18S, 5.8S, and 26S rRNAs. Mitotic chromosomes in root-tip preparations from tetraploid M. sativa and diploids Medicago coerulea and Medicago falcata were visualized by four methods that provide new data. Fluorescent in situ hybridization using the M. sativa 18S gene as probe localized the structural rDNA to the constricted regions of the satellited chromosomes only. Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining identified these chromosomal segments as the most GC-rich regions in the alfalfa karyotype. Medicago falcata exhibited fewer DAPI bands and chromocenters than did M. sativa and M. coerulea. Positive silver nitrate staining showed that all four rDNA regions in M. sativa (located in two chromosome pairs) and both rDNA sites in both diploid species remain transcriptionally active. Counts of nucleoli confirmed that all rDNA regions are independently capable of nucleolus organization. Thus, the number of active NORs in M. sativa is double the number found in M. coerulea or M. falcata. Consequently, if M. sativa originated from sexual hybridization of 2n gametes involving one or both diploid species, no major reorganization or loss of structural or functional rDNA loci has occurred. Key words : alfalfa evolution, CMA3 banding, DAPI banding, fluorescent in situ hybridization, silver nitrate staining.

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18

Zhao, Bing Qin, Zhen Yao Xia, Wen Nian Xu, and Zheng Jun Zhou. "Studies on the Time-Varying Effect of Root Morphology and Soil Reinforcement of Two Kinds of Herbs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.323.

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The roots can significantly increase the soil reinforcement of vegetation, and the fractal theory provides a new perspective for vegetation roots studies. This article applied the Fractal Fox software to calculate the fractal dimension of medicago sativa and cynodon dactylon roots in different growth periods and proved that the two species show fractal characteristics. The conclusions from the analysis are as follows: ①The fractal dimensions of the two plant roots tend to be stable with the increase of growth period; ②The fractal characteristic value of cynodon dactylon root is more significant than medicago sativa root; ③Compared with medicago sativa root, cynodon dactylon root is more effective in increasing the shear strength of soil.

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19

HANNA, M. R., and H. C. HUANG. "BARRIER ALFALFA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 3 (July 1, 1987): 827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-116.

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Barrier is the first Canadian cultivar of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) developed with resistance to verticillium wilt disease. It also has very good resistance to bacterial wilt. Barrier is adapted to the irrigated areas in Southern Alberta and British Columbia where these diseases are prevalent.Key words: Medicago sativa L., alfalfa, cultivar description, verticillium wilt, bacterial wilt

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20

Nesic, Zorica, Zorica Tomic, S. Vuckovic, and Dragana Ruzic-Muslic. "The effect of N fertilization on share of alfalfa leaf and protein content in grass-leguminous mixtures." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 23, no. 1-2 (2007): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0702089n.

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Different ratio of plant organs means that their role and contribution to forming of total yield and quality is different. Objective of this research was to monitor changes in the share of alfalfa leaf in mixtures depending on the type of mixture and N fertilization. Trial was set in the period 2003-2004 as twofactorial trial according to method of random block system in four repetitions. Research included three mixtures: alfalfa+cocksfoot (Medicago sativa + Dactylis glomerata); alfalfa+cocksfoot+tall fescue (Medicago sativa + Dactylis glomerata+Festuca arundinaceace); alfalfa+cocksfoot+tall fescue +sainfoin Medicago sativa + Dactylis glomerata+ Festuca arundinaceace+Onobrychis sativa) and pure alfalfa (Medicago sativa) crop as control variant, as well as four fertilization variants 0, 70, 140 and 210 kg N ha-1. Statistically highly significant differences in the effect of both investigated factors on the share of alfalfa leaf were established only in the first investigation year. The lowest share of leaf was determined in pure alfalfa crop 53.7%, whereas the mixture II had the highest share of leaf of 58.2%. The greatest share of leaf was established in treatments with 210 kg ha-1 - 58.0%, and the lowest share of alfalfa leaf in total yield was determined in treatments without N - 53.3%.

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21

Yang, Guochen, and Marihelen Kamp-Glass. "Direct Shoot Organogenesis of Medicago sativa." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 628f—628. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.628f.

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An efficient and reliable protocol of in vitro shoot regeneration must be first established to have a successful genetic transformation. As a member of legume family, alfalfa is very difficult for direct shoot regeneration. There is no published information on direct shoot organogenesis, although success has been well documented on embryogenesis, which must go through callus stage. Different plant growth regulators at various concentrations were evaluated for callus initiation, development, and direct shoot regeneration. Multiple shoots were produced directly from each individual explant. This will provide an efficient means for production of transgenic alfalfa plants. Therefore, genetic transformation of Medicago germplasm will be significantly expedited.

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22

Carrera, Alejo Pérez, and Alicia Fernández Cirelli. "Arsenic biotransference to alfalfa (Medicago sativa)." International Journal of Environment and Health 7, no. 1 (2014): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijenvh.2014.060123.

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23

Tava, Aldo, and Luciano Pecetti. "Volatiles from Medicago sativa complex flowers." Phytochemistry 45, no. 6 (July 1997): 1145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00119-2.

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24

Watson, Bonnie S., Zhentian Lei, Richard A. Dixon, and Lloyd W. Sumner. "Proteomics of Medicago sativa cell walls." Phytochemistry 65, no. 12 (June 2004): 1709–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.04.026.

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25

Ballance, G. M., and R. A. Dixon. "Medicago sativa cDNAs Encoding Chalcone Reductase." Plant Physiology 107, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 1027–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.3.1027.

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26

Bray, RA, and JAG Irwin. "Medicago sativa L. (lucerne) cv. Quadrella." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 2 (1992): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920263.

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27

Waterhouse, DB, and RW Williams. "Medicago sativa L. (lucerne) cv. Aquarius." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 2 (1993): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930257.

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28

Williams, RW, and RR Young. "Medicago sativa L. (lucerne) cv. Genesis." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 4 (1996): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960521.

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29

Rosellini, D., F. Lorenzetti, and E. T. Bingham. "Quantitative ovule sterility in Medicago sativa." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 97, no. 8 (December 1998): 1289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051021.

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30

Hall, J. W., and W. Majak. "Effect of time of grazing or cutting and feeding on the incidence of alfalfa bloat in cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas95-041.

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More bloat occurred after early than after late morning feeding. Cattle were either grazing or fed cut alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for 4 h once a day. Rumen chlorophyll concentrations were higher before the early feeding. There were no consistent differences in plant DM, ADF, NDF, chlorophyll or total or soluble N. Key words: Cattle, bloat, legumes, Medicago sativa L.

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31

LENSSEN, A. W., E. L. SORENSEN, G. L. POSLER, and L. H. HARBERS. "TOTAL CELL WALL AND FIBER CONCENTRATIONS OF PERENNIAL GLANDULAR-HAIRED AND EGLANDULAR Medicago POPULATIONS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-055.

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Host-plant resistance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is insufficient for control of the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) or the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae), two of the most important insect pests of alfalfa. Some wild Medicago species, which have erect glandular hairs, possess adequate host-plant resistance for control of both pests. We established a field trial (Wymore silty clay loam) in 1985 to determine the effects of erect glandular hairs on forage quality of several perennial Medicago species. Glandular and eglandular (without erect glandular hairs) plant populations were selected from the diploids, M. prostrata Jacq. and M. glandulosa David, and the tetraploids, M. glutinosa Bieb., M. sativa × M. glutinosa, and M. sativa × M. prostrata. Eglandular M. sativa ’Riley’ and M. sativa subsp. caerulea (Less, ex Ledeb.) Schmalh. were included as controls. Foliar diseases and insects were controlled. Leaves and stems were separated for three harvests in 1985 and one in 1986. The presence of erect glandular hairs did not significantly affect concentrations of neutral or acid detergent fibers, hemicellulose, lignin, or cellulose of leaves or stems within the species or hybrids tested. Neutral and acid detergent fibers and cellulose concentrations were generally lower in stems and higher in leaves of diploids than in corresponding parts of the tetraploid alfalfa cultivar Riley.Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago sp., glandular hairs, forage quality

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32

Zhang, Xue Kun, and Chun Hua Zhao. "Experimental Research on Cracking Resistance of Alfalfa Seed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 1165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.1165.

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The compression properties of three varieties of alfalfa seeds, such as Medicago sativa L. cv. Gannong No.3, Medicago sativa L. Longdong and Medicago sativa L. cv. Golden Empress, are studied by extrusion experiments using SANS universal material testing machine. The results of Longdong alfalfa seed show that the fracture load has relation with shape and size of the alfalfa seeds. For both of ellipsoidal seed and arched seed, the fracture load of single seed is about 19N to 30N. The fracture load increases linearly with the thickness of plump seed with the ratio of thickness to width greater than 0.75. These inclusions for other two varieties are the same with Longdong alfalfa seed. This research could offer a technical basis of designing and developing of the alfalfa seeder and seed harvesting machine.

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33

Small, Ernest. "Morphological differentiation in Medicago sativa s.l. in relation to ploidy." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1747–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-245.

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A study was undertaken of the yellow-flowered and violet-flowered diploid (2n = 2x = 16) and tetraploid phases of Medicago sativa s.l., excluding the widespread hybrid derivatives between the two flower-colour variants. It was found that diploid and tetraploid yellow-flowered plants (M. sativa ssp. falcata collectively) exhibit substantially overlapping morphological variation. However, among violet-flowered plants, the examined samples of diploids (M. sativa ssp. caerulea) and tetraploids (M. sativa ssp. sativa) proved to be completely separable by discriminant analysis. Most characters of ssp. sativa are quantitatively greater than those of ssp. caerulea. This and other considerations are consistent with an autopolyploid origin.

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Sarri, Efi, Aikaterini Termentzi, Eleni M. Abraham, George K. Papadopoulos, Eirini Baira, Kyriaki Machera, Vassilis Loukas, Fotios Komaitis, and Eleni Tani. "Salinity Stress Alters the Secondary Metabolic Profile of M. sativa, M. arborea and Their Hybrid (Alborea)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 4882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094882.

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Increased soil salinity, and therefore accumulation of ions, is one of the major abiotic stresses of cultivated plants that negatively affect their growth and yield. Among Medicago species, only Medicago truncatula, which is a model plant, has been extensively studied, while research regarding salinity responses of two important forage legumes of Medicago sativa (M. sativa) and Medicago arborea (M. arborea) has been limited. In the present work, differences between M. arborea, M. sativa and their hybrid Alborea were studied regarding growth parameters and metabolomic responses. The entries were subjected to three different treatments: (1) no NaCl application (control plants), (2) continuous application of 100 mM NaCl (acute stress) and (3) gradual application of NaCl at concentrations of 50-75-150 mM by increasing NaCl concentration every 10 days. According to the results, M. arborea maintained steady growth in all three treatments and appeared to be more resistant to salinity. Furthermore, results clearly demonstrated that M. arborea presented a different metabolic profile from that of M. sativa and their hybrid. In general, it was found that under acute and gradual stress, M. sativa overexpressed saponins in the shoots while M. arborea overexpressed saponins in the roots, which is the part of the plant where most of the saponins are produced and overexpressed. Alborea did not perform well, as more metabolites were downregulated than upregulated when subjected to salinity stress. Finally, saponins and hydroxycinnamic acids were key players of increased salinity tolerance.

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35

Spaner and A. G. Todd, D. "Farmer-directed on-farm experimentation examining the impact of companion planting barley and oats on timothyalfalfa forage establishment in central Newfoundland." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-020.

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Oats (Avena sativa L.) or barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sown at increasing seeding rates of 23, 45 and 68 kg ha-1 with a timothy (Phleum pratense L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixture (harvested at cereal soft dough) resulted in increasing forage yields containing decreasing alfalfa, crude protein, P and Ca percentage in the planting year. Barley out-yielded oats by 11% in the planting year. Oats or barley sown at seeding rates up to 68 kg ha-1 do not impede underseeded forage establishment or forage production in the subsequent year in central Newfoundland. The implications of farmer-directed on-farm experimentation are discussed. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., Avena sativa L., Phleum pratense L, Medicago sativa L., underseeding

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Krochko, Joan E., and J. Derek Bewley. "Seed storage proteins in cultivars and subspecies of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Seed Science Research 10, no. 4 (December 2000): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500000477.

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AbstractSeed storage proteins were analysed in 27 varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.); these included five subspecies (glomerata, caerulea, falcata, hemicycla, praefalcata), seven of the nine sources of Medicago germplasm introduced into North America and a sample of additional cultivars. The protein patterns were remarkably consistent for all of these taxa. One-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed only minor differences in polypeptide composition within each of the three major classes of storage protein (7S globulin, 11S globulin, 2S albumin). The slight variations that were found provided no information on either parentage or evolutionary relationships amongst these particular taxa. Nonetheless, persistent and reproducible heterogeneity of some minor polypeptides of 11S globulin (medicagin) may be useful under other circumstances for cultivar identification in alfalfa. Both subfamilies (I and II) of the 11S globulin were strongly expressed in all of the cultivars and subspecies examined. It was concluded that this structural divergence within the 11S storage protein family predated the evolution of the M. sativa L. species complex. Most of the variability in storage proteins was quantitative. However, even this variability was reduced when data were standardized with respect to seed dry weights. The consistent similarities in qualitative and quantitative expression of seed storage proteins amongst all of these taxa suggest a high degree of uniformity in both seed physiology and genetics within the alfalfa species complex.

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Tesfaye, Mesfin, Kevin A. T. Silverstein, Bruna Bucciarelli, Deborah A. Samac, and Carroll P. Vance. "The Affymetrix Medicago GeneChip® array is applicable for transcript analysis of alfalfa (Medicago sativa)." Functional Plant Biology 33, no. 8 (2006): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp06065.

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The recently released Affymetrix GeneChip® Medicago Genome Array contains approximately 52 700 probe sets representing genes in both the model legume Medicago truncatula Gaertn. and the closely related crop species Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa). We evaluated the utility of the Medicago GeneChip® for monitoring genome-wide expression of M. truncatula and alfalfa seedlings grown to the first trifoliate leaf stage. We found that approximately 40–54% of the Medicago probes were detected in leaf or root samples of alfalfa or M. truncatula. Approximately 45–59% of the detected Medicago probes were called ‘present’ in all replicate GeneChips of Medicago species, indicating a considerable overlap in the number and type of Medicago probes detected between root and leaf organs. Nevertheless, gene expression differences between roots and leaf organs accounted for approximately 17% of the total variation, regardless of the Medicago species from which the samples were harvested. The result shows that the Medicago GeneChip® is applicable for transcript analysis for both alfalfa and M. truncatula.

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38

Fu, Yuhao, Yujing Zhang, and Peng Zhou. "Cloning and Analysis of Glutathione S-Transferase MsGSTU21 Gene in Medicago Sativa." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 2 (June 22, 2022): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v2i.576.

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As the perennial herb of the Leguminosae and Medicago L., Medicago sativa is the herbage crop widely used in countries all over the world, and it is the cornerstone of the development of animal husbandry in many big powers. Under abiotic stress, plants produce excess peroxides, peroxides damage the cell membranes of plants and attack some macromolecular substances in plants. In toxicology, glutathione can be combined with cellular biological macromolecules, thereby preventing some toxic exogenous chemicals from covalently bonging to it, avoids damage to the organism, and make the body complete life activities normally to achieve the effect of interpretation. It appears that it is particularly important to help improve the stress resistance of Medicago sativa.

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39

Kupiyanov, Oleg, Andrey Kupiyanov, and Baurjan Turalin. "Degree of naturalization of non-native plants on dumps." BIO Web of Conferences 31 (2021): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213100014.

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The presence of non-native plants on dumps in Kuzbass was studied. 26 plants included in the Black Book of Flora of Siberia were identified: Acer negundo, Amoria hybrida, Atriplex sagittata, Conium maculatum, Conyza canadensis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Echinocystis lobata, Echium vulgare, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Epilobium adenocaulon, Hordeum jubatum, Impatiens glandulifera, Lactuca serriola, Lepidium densiflorum, Lepidotheca suaveolens, Lupinus polyphyllus, Malus baccata, Medicago sativa, Melilotus officinalis, Oenothera villosa, Pastinaca sativa, Plantago lanceolata, Senecio vulgaris, Solidago сanadensis, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Ulmus pumila. Non-native plants occur at all stages of syngenesis and are of great importance in the formation of the vegetation on dumps. Colonophytes-agriophytes and epecophytes have a high degree of naturalization: Amoria hybrida (mountain taiga subbelt), Epilobium adenocaulon, Medicago sativa, Melilotus officinalis, Oenothera villosa (mountain taiga subbelt), Pastinaca sativa, Tripleurospermum inodorum, Ulmus pumila (southern forest-steppe subzone).

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40

Wang, Dan, Muhammad Khurshid, Zhan Min Sun, Yi Xiong Tang, Mei Liang Zhou, and Yan Min Wu. "Genetic Engineering of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Protein & Peptide Letters 23, no. 5 (April 11, 2016): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866523666160314152618.

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41

Smith, S. E., E. T. Bingham, and R. W. Fulton. "Transmission of chlorophyll deficiencies in Medicago sativa." Journal of Heredity 77, no. 1 (January 1986): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110163.

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42

Dalkin, Karen, Robert Edwards, Brent Edington, and Richard A. Dixon. "Stress Responses in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Plant Physiology 92, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.92.2.440.

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43

Jorrin, Jesus, and Richard A. Dixon. "Stress Responses in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Plant Physiology 92, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.92.2.447.

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44

Kessmann, Helmut, Robert Edwards, Paul W. Geno, and Richard A. Dixon. "Stress Responses in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Plant Physiology 94, no. 1 (September 1, 1990): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.94.1.227.

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45

Choudhary, Arvind D., Christopher J. Lamb, and Richard A. Dixon. "Stress Responses in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Plant Physiology 94, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 1802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.94.4.1802.

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46

Gowri, Ganesan, Robert C. Bugos, Wilbur H. Campbell, Carl A. Maxwell, and Richard A. Dixon. "Stress Responses in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)." Plant Physiology 97, no. 1 (September 1, 1991): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.97.1.7.

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47

Echt, C. S., K. K. Kidwell, S. J. Knapp, T. C. Osborn, and T. J. McCoy. "Linkage mapping in diploid alfalfa (Medicago sativa)." Genome 37, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-008.

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A genome map of cultivated alfalfa was constructed using segregating restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) in a diploid backcross population generated from noninbred parents. Among the 153 loci scored in 87 progeny, four segregation ratios were observed for codominant and dominant markers: 1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:1:1, and 3:1. Deviations from expected Mendelian ratios (p < 0.05) were observed for 34% of the loci studied. A genome map was assembled from two separate linkage maps, each constructed from a subset of the segregation data. One linkage map was constructed from 46 RFLP and 40 RAPD markers segregating 1:1 from the F1 parent of the backcross and the other linkage map was constructed from 33 RFLP and 28 RAPD markers segregating 1:1 from the recurrent parent. Sixteen loci with alleles segregating 1:1 from both parents were used as locus bridges to align individual linkage groups between the two maps. The combined use of RFLPs and RAPDs was an effective method for developing an alfalfa genome map.Key words: genome mapping, RAPD, RFLP, locus bridges.

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48

Small, Ernest. "Adaptations to herbivory in alfalfa (Medicago sativa)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-102.

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) possesses numerous adaptations to herbivores. As with other wild plants, general chemical defences (notably medicagenic acid in alfalfa) and general anti-insect structures (notably trichomes) provide some protection against a wide spectrum of polyphagous insects. Several morphological adaptations protect alfalfa against specialized insect feeders, especially those that consume the seeds. Alfalfa has been disruptively selected by man to possess morphological adaptations and tolerance for two contrasting classes of herbivory: continuous grazing by livestock and intermittent harvesting for hay. Domestication of alfalfa has lowered the effectiveness of several natural adaptations against insects. Occasionally, however, artificial selection for resistance against certain insect species has, often unintentionally, resulted in selection for structural features discouraging these insects. Preadaptations of wild alfalfa for the horse facilitated this plant's domestication as a specialized horse feed, despite the fact that horses are poorly adapted in the wild to such a nutritious forage. Under conditions of domestication, however, alfalfa appears to offer horses several invaluable dietary advantages, and is much more suited to the horse than to man's other grazing herbivores. Anti-herbivorous hemolytic saponins are present in high concentrations in certain alfalfa lineages and cultivars. Horses in southern Europe and Asia have been fed low-saponin alfalfa for millenia, whereas high-saponin alfalfa has been utilized in northern Europe and much of the New World only since about the 16th century. While these compounds are poisonous for most herbivores, they could be beneficial for the horse. A very high degree of herbivorous coadaptation exists between alfalfa and its specialized pollinator, the alfalfa leafcutter bee (Megachile rotundata), and there is evidence that this relationship has coevolved. As the world's most efficient protein crop, alfalfa is preeminently adapted to mankind's future need for increased direct consumption of plant proteins. Keywords: adaptation, alfalfa, fodder, forage, herbivory, Medicago sativa.

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Bejerman, Nicolás, Humberto Debat, Claudia Nome, Dariel Cabrera-Mederos, Verónica Trucco, Soledad de Breuil, Sergio Lenardon, and Fabián Giolitti. "Redefining the medicago sativa alphapartitiviruses genome sequences." Virus Research 265 (May 2019): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2019.03.021.

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50

Lai, Fang-Ming, Tissa Senaratna, and Bryan D. McKersie. "Anaerobic Stress in Medicago sativa Cell Suspensions." Journal of Plant Physiology 139, no. 3 (January 1992): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)80346-9.

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