Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mediation Analyses'
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Kawamura, Morgan A. "Youth Prevention Programs: A Framework for Conducting Mediation Meta-Analyses." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7458.
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Often for prevention program designs, researchers are interested in understanding the processes through which a program impacts a targeted outcome. Mediation analysis assists in identifying not only how a program influences an outcome, but also which intermediate variables (i.e., mediators) cause the effects between a program and an outcome to occur. Mediation analysis explains why a program works, which is useful for program developers in creating effective prevention and intervention-based programs.
To make use of mediation analysis findings for preventive intervention programs, researchers need a comprehensive understanding of the mediators between various programs and outcomes. However, a comprehensive examination into which mediators are most effective has yet to take place. This is likely due to the lack of theoretical and quantitative guidance on conducting a comprehensive comparison study for mediated effects. As such, this work establishes a framework for measuring mediated effects in a comprehensive context. This thesis establishes a framework under which to evaluate mediated effects across multiple studies, demonstrates the application of this framework, and discusses the broader implications of this approach. Identifying the most effective mediators through the proposed approach lends a valuable understanding to practitioners and policymakers about critical actions for preventing a given outcome.
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Chen, Chen. "Bayesian Analyses of Mediational Models for Survival Outcome." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313684054.
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Eshelman, Lee Renee. "The Impact of Substance Use on Women's Risk Perception and Risk for Sexual Revictimization: A Prospective Moderated-Mediation Analyses." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399126729.
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Chandran, Pillai Aiswarya Lekshmi Pillai. "Bisphenol-A and the Metabolic Syndrome: Analyses using the 2005-2010 adult NHANES data." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1339717737.
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Li, Zhen. "Epidemiological Study of Diet, Obesity and Asthma in the French EGEA Study." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS087/document.
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L’objectif principal de la thèse était d’étudier les effets de l’alimentation et de l’obésité sur l’asthme et son évolution, en prenant en compte des facteurs de médiations spécifiques.La première partie de la thèse visait à étudier le rôle de l’alimentation dans l'asthme, en prenant en compte l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) comme un médiateur potentiel, et en évaluant l’effet modificateur du tabac dans ces associations. Ce travail a d’abord porté sur le rôle de la consommation de charcuterie, récemment classée cancérogène. Parmi 971 adultes de l’étude des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux de l’asthme (EGEA), nous avons montré qu’une consommation élevée de charcuterie (au moins 4 fois par semaine) était associée de façon directe à l’aggravation des symptômes de l’asthme, et que seulement 14% de l’association entre la consommation de charcuterie et l’asthme était expliqué par l’IMC (effet indirect). Ce travail a ensuite porté sur le rôle de la qualité globale de l’alimentation, évaluée par le score alimentaire Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010. Parmi 969 participants d’EGEA, nous avons montré qu’une alimentation de qualité était associée de façon directe à une amélioration des symptômes de l’asthme chez les non-fumeurs. L’effet indirect lié à l’IMC n’était pas significatif. La deuxième partie de la thèse visait à mieux comprendre l'association entre l'obésité et l'activité de l’asthme, en prenant en compte la leptine, une adipokine pro-inflammatoire, comme un médiateur potentiel. Parmi 331 adultes d’EGEA avec un asthme actif à l’inclusion, les analyses ont montré que différentes mesures élevées de la composition corporelle étaient associées à une activité persistante de l’asthme, avec un effet indirect très fort de la leptine dans ces associationsThe general aim of the thesis was to study the role of diet and obesity in asthma, while accounting for potential mediators in these analyses.The first part of the thesis aimed to investigate the role of dietary factors in asthma at a “macro-level”, considering body mass index (BMI) as a potential mediator, and to evaluate effect modification by smoking. We first focused on processed meat intake, a recent carcinogen. Among 971 participants from the Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy (EGEA), analysis showed that high processed meat intake (at least 4 servings/week) was associated with worsening asthma symptoms over time, through a direct effect and to a lesser extent an effect mediated by BMI. We then focused on the overall diet quality assessed by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010. Among 969 participants from the EGEA study, the analyses showed that a greater adherence to a better diet quality was associated with improved asthma symptoms over time in never smokers only and was not mediated through BMI. The second part of the thesis aimed to better understand the association between obesity and asthma at a “micro-level”, considering leptin, an inflammatory biological marker related to obesity, as a mediator. Including 331 participants from the EGEA study with current asthma at baseline, analysis showed that high body adiposity estimated by different measures was associated with persistent asthma activity, likely mediated by leptin
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Janson, Emma. "Mediating with God : Quantitative Analysis on Mediation and Religiosity - What effect does severity of conflict have on mediation onset in religious conflicts?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-373136.
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The number of conflicts with religious dimensions has been steadily increasing over the last few decades. Previous research has found that religious conflicts are less likely to end by mediation whilst little research has been done as to what makes them initiate mediation. Building upon Ripeness Theory, this paper argues that the religious component makes religious parties less sensitive towards mutually hurting stalemates, but not immune to them, due to their heterogenous nature. This proposition is analysed by examining the empirical pattern of mediation onset in conflicts over religious incompatibilities using a logistic regression analysis. The findings suggest that higher numbers of average battle-related deaths, together with the duration of conflict and presence of crude oil reserves, increase the likelihood of mediation onset, whilst differentiations in centrality of a religious goal or religious identity divides have no statistically significant effect.
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Bocquier, Aurélie. "Contribution à la compréhension des liens entre statut socio-économique et comportements de santé." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0713.
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Cette thèse visait à contribuer aux connaissances sur les différenciations sociales des comportements de santé en France et à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes sous-jacents à ces différenciations. Nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés au rôle de certains facteurs sociocognitifs (perceptions, croyances…) inspirés de théories issues de la sociologie du risque et de la déviance. En utilisant les données des enquêtes Baromètre cancer 2010 et Baromètre santé 2016, nos travaux ont porté sur des comportements relatifs à la prévention primaire de certains cancers (consommation d’alcool et protection solaire) et des maladies infectieuses (vaccinations infantiles). Un faible statut socio-économique était associé à une relativisation accrue du risque de cancer lié à la consommation d’alcool et à des connaissances et croyances vis-à-vis du risque solaire plus éloignées du « savoir expert ». Ces derniers facteurs expliquaient en partie la moindre utilisation des moyens de protection solaire chez les personnes ayant un faible statut socio-économique. Dans le domaine de la vaccination, nous avons constaté une prévalence plus élevée de l’hésitation vaccinale chez les parents ayant un niveau de diplôme supérieur ou égal au baccalauréat. Cette association s’expliquait en partie par le fait que les parents diplômés avaient un moindre niveau de confiance dans les autorités et la médecine conventionnelle et un degré d’implication dans les décisions de santé accru. Ces résultats fournissent des pistes pour conduire des actions de promotion de la santé tenant compte du contexte social dans lequel sont inscrits les comportements des individus, plus efficaces et équitablesThis thesis aimed to contribute to current scientific knowledge about the social differentiation of health behaviours in France and to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this differentiation. We focused on the role of specific sociocognitive factors (perceptions and beliefs) based on theories derived from the sociology of risk and the sociology of deviance. This work used data from the 2010 Baromètre cancer survey and the 2016 Baromètre santé survey to examine health behaviours related to primary prevention of some cancers (alcohol consumption and sun protection) and infectious diseases (childhood vaccinations). People of low socioeconomic status were more prone to relativize the alcohol-related risks of cancer and to have substantially less knowledge about sun health and more “false beliefs” about sun protection than people of high socioeconomic status. This knowledge and these false beliefs were significant mediators of the positive association between socioeconomic status and sun-protection behaviours. In the field of vaccination, we found a higher prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among parents who had at least passed the “bac”. This association was partly explained by their lower level of trust in health authorities and mainstream medicine than among the least educated group and by their greater commitment to making “good” health-related decisions. From a public health perspective, these results furnish avenues for designing health promotion interventions that take into account the social context in which people’s health behaviours are embedded to improve both effectiveness and equity
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Wang, Wei. "CAUSAL MEDIATION ANALYSIS FOR NON-LINEAR MODELS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1332961697.
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Hill, Chris. "A pragmatic analysis of family mediation." Thesis, Bangor University, 2007. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-pragmatic-analysis-of-family-mediation(c7c254b4-b9f8-4c94-8f98-9a2f5e0fd9e5).html.
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Family (or divorce) mediation aims to assist couples who are separating or divorcing to come to agreed arrangements regarding children, property and finances. In the UK it is a service which is offered as an alternative to litigation and is not, at this stage, compulsory. Family mediation is an interactional setting which combines elements of both formality and informality: in theory mediators control the process of the encounter, whilst clients control the outcome. Mediators are also charged with conducting themselves in a manner which is neutral as to outcome, and impartial as to process. In reality, of course, the language behaviours of both practitioners and clients are not so clearly delineated. This research is based upon audio recordings of mediation sessions in the North Wales Service and takes an interactional pragmatic approach. The primary analytic `tools' are the concepts of complex illocutionary acts and discourse roles as developed by Thomas (1995,2004,2006 and forthcoming). A number of topics are considered, in particular the verbal enactment of mediator impartiality and neutrality, and of power and politeness by both clients and practitioners.
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Valeri, Linda. "Statistical Methods for Causal Mediation Analysis." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10690.
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Mediation analysis is a popular approach in the social an biomedical sciences to examine the extent to which the effect of an exposure on an outcome is through an intermediate variable (mediator) and the extent to which the effect is direct. We first develop statistical methods and software for the estimation of direct and indirect causal effects in generalized linear models when exposure-mediator interaction may be present. We then study the bias of direct and indirect effects estimators that arise in this context when a continuous mediator is measured with error or a binary mediator is misclassified. We develop methods of correction for measurement error and misclassification coupled with sensitivity analyses for which no auxiliary information on the mediator measured with error is needed. The proposed methods are applied to a lung cancer study to evaluate the effect of genetic variants mediated through smoking on lung cancer risk and to a perinatal epidemiological study on the determinants of preterm birth.
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Sy, Oumar Sekou. "Multilevel mediation analysis estimation and applications /." Search for this dissertation online, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Deng, Yiheng. "Neutrality and Power Distribution in Chinese Mediation: Discourse Analysis on Some Contemporary Chinese Mediation Strategies Based on Real Mediation Sessions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195644.
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The study aims to discover the strategies and techniques used by community mediators in the People's Republic of China. Previous research argues that mediator legitimacy in China draws on state authorization and the mediator's community standing. In contrast to Western conceptions of the mediator's role as a neutral facilitator of dispute resolution, research suggests that Chinese mediators openly speak on behalf of community norms, calling on disputants to subordinate personal preferences in the interest of maintaining harmonious relationships and governmental policies and legal regulations. The legitimacy of the mediation process depends more on a persuasive articulation of community norms than an impression of mediator neutrality. However, this account of Chinese mediation has been based solely on interview and questionnaire data. How (and whether) this contrast between self-report measures and mediation techniques in practice actually manifests itself in mediator discourse, at what stages, and to what degree has not really been observed or analyzed. This study records and analyzes community mediation cases to better understand what features are prevalent in mediation discourse. Cases were selected in both rural and urban areas. Discourse analysis is applied to transcripts so as to provide direct and detailed picture of how mediation is conducted in reality. Strategies typical of Chinese mediation, relative to American mediation are identified and illustrated with excerpts from the transcripts. Neutrality and power distribution are discussed and compared with their roles in American mediation. Their implications for political, social and cultural aspects are drawn to provide a glimpse of contemporary Chinese society and how resolution is created. Future research directions are pointed out with regard to mediator's gender difference, the location where the mediation happens (urban and rural) and the socio-economic class of disputants (e.g., migrant workers) involved in the mediation.
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Gao, Tianming. "Bayesian Causal Mediation Analysis with Multiple Mediators." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1512649229134385.
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Rockwood, Nicholas John. "Advancing the Formulation and Testing of Multilevel Mediation and Moderated Mediation Models." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1489578419777238.
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Baspaly, Dave. "Analysis of community mediation programs in North America." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54546.pdf.
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Zheng, Ning. "Mediation modeling and analysis forhigh-throughput omics data." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256318.
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There is a strong need for powerful unified statistical methods for discovering underlying genetic architecture of complex traits with the assistance of omics information. In this paper, two methods aiming to detect novel association between the human genome and complex traits using intermediate omics data are developed based on statistical mediation modeling. We demonstrate theoretically that given proper mediators, the proposed statistical mediation models have better power than genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to detect associations missed in standard GWAS that ignore the mediators. For each ofthe modeling methods in this paper, an empirical example is given, where the association between a SNP and BMI missed by standard GWAS can be discovered by mediation analysis.
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Kinzel, Holger. "The Use of Mediation and Mediative Elements to Improve the Integration of the Human Factor in Risk Assessments in Order to Enhance the Safety in the International Oil and Gas Industry." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-226583.
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The work of an engineer is closely intertwined with safety. An engineer’s perception of the “safety” task is traditionally inherent in his or her design. However, in the technical world most machines and systems designed by engineers contain a human element, which engineers have to consider in their work.
In the oil and gas upstream industry – especially drilling, production and workover operations – petroleum engineers (including drilling and production engineers) are responsible not only for design but also for operational and organizational aspects. The human factor becomes more important in complex offshore operations. Incorporating safety into a sys-tem design requires identifying, analyzing and evaluating risks and ensuring that any not accounted for are taken into consideration. This process requires communication among everyone involved in the process. Analysis of accidents in the oil and gas industry shows that often a lack of that communication led to incident triggering events.
In this thesis, the author proposes a novel communication model that improves this exchange of information and supposedly makes the process of risk assessment more effective. In addition, the new model also incorporates factors such as emotions, feelings, needs and imagination into the risk assessment process. This broadens the information base for the risk identification and analysis and creates an atmosphere of psychological ownership for the stakeholders in the process, which leads to a perceived safety climate in the organization where the new model is applied.
The innovative communication or consultation model, as it is also referred to in risk assessments, is based on a structured process used in conflict resolution called mediation. Mediation is an alternative conflict resolution process that is centered on mutual under-standing and listening to each other’s needs. The process is composed of elements that characterize it. These elements of mediation are used to assess other communication processes and to develop new communication models. The application of the elements of mediation and the safety-mediation consultation into the risk assessment process enables this process to be enhanced with human factors such as emotions, feelings, intuition and imagination. The inclusion of all stakeholders creates psychological ownership, improves communication, enables organizational learning and expands the knowledge base for risk analysis.
The applicability of the safety-mediation consultation process for a human factor-based risk assessment is presented and tested using illustrative examples and field cases from the international oil and gas industry. Possible concerns and limitations are also discussed.
This thesis shows that mediation and elements of the mediation process can be applied to improve communication in the international oil and gas industry. This is facilitated by educated safety mediators, who help the petroleum engineer and operational crew on a drilling rig to achieve a better understanding by ensuring that they hear and fully register each other’s needs.
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Peng, Xiaobo. "Mediation on XQuery Views." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5442/.
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The major goal of information integration is to provide efficient and easy-to-use access to multiple heterogeneous data sources with a single query. At the same time, one of the current trends is to use standard technologies for implementing solutions to complex software problems. In this dissertation, I used XML and XQuery as the standard technologies and have developed an extended projection algorithm to provide a solution to the information integration problem. In order to demonstrate my solution, I implemented a prototype mediation system called Omphalos based on XML related technologies. The dissertation describes the architecture of the system, its metadata, and the process it uses to answer queries. The system uses XQuery expressions (termed metaqueries) to capture complex mappings between global schemas and data source schemas. The system then applies these metaqueries in order to rewrite a user query on a virtual global database (representing the integrated view of the heterogeneous data sources) to a query (termed an outsourced query) on the real data sources. An extended XML document projection algorithm was developed to increase the efficiency of selecting the relevant subset of data from an individual data source to answer the user query. The system applies the projection algorithm to decompose an outsourced query into atomic queries which are each executed on a single data source. I also developed an algorithm to generate integrating queries, which the system uses to compose the answers from the atomic queries into a single answer to the original user query. I present a proof of both the extended XML document projection algorithm and the query integration algorithm. An analysis of the efficiency of the new extended algorithm is also presented. Finally I describe a collaborative schema-matching tool that was implemented to facilitate maintaining metadata.
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Miles, Caleb Hilliard. "Semiparametric Methods for Causal Mediation Analysis and Measurement Error." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845420.
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Chapter 1: Since the early 2000s, evidence has accumulated for a significant differential effect of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment outcomes, such as CD4 response and viral load suppression. This finding was replicated in our data from the Harvard President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program in Nigeria. Investigators were interested in finding the source of these differences, i.e., understanding the mechanisms through which one regimen outperforms another, particularly via adherence. This amounts to a mediation question with adherence playing the role of mediator. Existing mediation analysis results, however, have relied on an assumption of no exposure-induced confounding of the intermediate variable, and generally require an assumption of no unmeasured confounding for nonparametric identification. Both assumptions are violated by the presence of drug toxicity. In this paper, we relax these assumptions and show that certain path-specific effects remain identified under weaker conditions. We focus on the path-specific effect solely mediated by adherence and not by toxicity and propose a suite of estimators for this effect, including a semiparametric-efficient, multiply-robust estimator. We illustrate with simulations and present results from a study applying the methodology to the Harvard PEPFAR data.
Chapter 2: In causal mediation analysis, nonparametric identification of the pure (natural) direct effect typically relies on fundamental assumptions of (i) so-called ``cross-world-counterfactuals" independence and (ii) no exposure-induced confounding. When the mediator is binary, bounds for partial identification have been given when neither assumption is made, or alternatively when assuming only (ii). We extend these bounds to the case of a polytomous mediator, and provide bounds for the case assuming only (i). We apply these bounds to data from the Harvard PEPFAR program in Nigeria, where we evaluate the extent to which the effects of antiretroviral therapy on virological failure are mediated by a patient's adherence, and show that inference on this effect is somewhat sensitive to model assumptions.
Chapter 3: When assessing the presence of an exposure causal effect on a given outcome, it is well known that classical measurement error of the exposure can seriously reduce the power of a test of the null hypothesis in question, although its type I error rate will generally remain controlled at the nominal level. In contrast, classical measurement error of a confounder can have disastrous consequences on the type I error rate of a test of treatment effect. In this paper, we develop a large class of semiparametric test statistics of an exposure causal effect, which are completely robust to classical measurement error of a subset of confounders. A unique and appealing feature of our proposed methods is that they require no external information such as validation data or replicates of error-prone confounders. The approach relies on the observation that under the sharp null hypothesis of no exposure causal effect, the standard assumption of no unmeasured confounding implies that the outcome is in fact a valid instrumental variable for the association between the error-prone confounder and the exposure. We present a doubly-robust form of this test that requires only one of two models -- an outcome-regression and a propensity-score model -- to be correctly specified for the resulting test statistic to have correct type I error rate. Validity and power within our class of test statistics is demonstrated via multiple simulation studies. We apply the methods to a multi-U.S.-city, time-series data set to test for an effect of temperature on mortality while adjusting for atmospheric particulate matter with diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less (PM2.5), which is well known to be measured with error.Biostatistics
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Sajeev, Gautam. "Mediation Analysis in Understanding Mechanism of Alzheimer’s Disease Risk." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16121154.
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Although studies often show reduced risk of dementia with late-life cognitive activity, concerns about residual confounding and reverse causation cast doubt on these findings. In Chapter 1 of this dissertation, we review epidemiologic studies of cognitive activity and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and all-cause dementia, and conduct a bias analysis that indicates the observed inverse associations are likely robust to unmeasured confounding, and probably only partially explained by reverse causation. While pursuing enjoyable cognitive activities may reduce dementia risk, better characterization of the type, duration, and timing of activity associated with late-life cognitive benefit is needed to develop recommendations applicable over the lifecourse.
The apolipoprotein episilon4 allele (APOE e4) is the most well established genetic risk factor for AD, and is also a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease (CVD). In Chapter 2, we use the counterfactual approach to mediation analysis to investigate the degree to which the negative effect on cognition of the e4 allele is attributable to its effects on CVD. Using neuroimaging and neuropsychological data from approximately 4,000 participants of the population-based Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility–Reykjavik Study, we found that 9% of the e4 effect on cognition was jointly mediated by white matter lesion volume and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). While our finding that the e4 effect largely operates through non-vascular pathways aligns with previous research and present understanding of the action of apoE in AD and CVD pathogenesis, our study is the first to show a small effect specifically via markers of CVD pathology.
In Chapter 3, we investigate the role of CMBs further using the newly developed four-way decomposition approach. We found that when comparing e4 heterozygotes to e4 non-carriers, the e4 effect on memory was independent of CMBs. By contrast, when comparing e4 homozygotes to e4 heterozygotes, the e4 effect on memory was attributable to interaction between the effects of e4 alleles and CMBs, perhaps suggesting a greater vascular contribution for these individuals. Similar analyses in other population-based studies will be needed to confirm these findings and further elucidate the contributions of CMBs and CVD to the e4 effect on cognition.Epidemiology
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Lin, Sheng-Hsuan. "Causal Mediation Analysis With Time-Varying and Multiple Mediators." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201718.
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The assessment of direct and indirect effects with time-varying and multiple mediators is a common but challenging problem, and standard mediation analysis approaches are generally not applicable in this context. This dissertation focused on extending mediation analysis into a setting with time-varying and multiple mediators. An interventional approach has been used to define and identify the direct and indirect effects as well as path specific effects based in a causal inference framework, propose a parametric approach to estimate these effects, and provide an algorithm as well as corresponding software for practical application.
In the first paper, we develop a parametric estimation approach to the mediational g-formula, including a feasible algorithm implemented in a freely available SAS macro. In the Framingham Heart Study data, we apply this method to estimate the interventional analogues of natural direct and indirect effects of smoking behaviors sustained over a 10-year period on blood pressure when considering weight change as a time-varying mediator. Compared with non-smoking, smoking 20 cigarettes per day for 10 years was estimated to increase blood pressure by 1.18 (95 % CI: -0.68, 2.69) mm-Hg. The direct effect was estimated to increase blood pressure by 1.52 (95 % CI: -0.25, 2.90) mm-Hg, and the indirect effect was -0.34 (95 % CI: -0.52, -0.13) mm-Hg, which is negative because smoking leads to lower weight which leads to lower blood pressure. These results provide evidence that weight change in fact partially conceals the detrimental effects of cigarette smoking on blood pressure. Our work represents the first application of the parametric mediational g-formula in an epidemiologic cohort study.
The second paper proposes an approach to conduct mediation analysis for survival data with time-varying exposures, mediators, and confounders. We identify the direct and indirect effects through a survival mediational g-formula and provide the required assumptions. We also provide a feasible parametric approach along with an algorithm and software to estimate these effects. We apply this method to analyze the Framingham Heart Study data to investigate the causal mechanism of smoking on mortality. The risk ratio of smoking 30 cigarettes per day for ten years compared with no smoking on mortality is 2.34 (95 % CI = (1.44, 3.70)). Of the effect, 7.91 % is mediated by coronary artery disease. The survival mediational g-formula constitutes a powerful tool for conducting mediation analysis with longitudinal data.
Finally, the third paper further proposes a method, defining a randomly interventional analogue of path-specific effect, which can always be non-parametrically identified under assumptions of no unmeasured confounding. This method also allows settings with mediators dependent on each other, interaction, and mediator-outcome confounders which are affected by exposure. In addition, under linearity and no-interaction, our method has the same form of traditional path analysis for path-specific effect. Furthermore, under a single mediator without a mediator-outcome confounder affected by exposure, it also has the same form of the results of causal mediation analysis. We also provide SAS code for settings of linear regression with exposure-mediator interaction and perform analysis in Framingham Heart Study dataset, investigating the mechanism of smoking on systolic blood pressure mediated by both cholesterol and body weight. Allowing decomposition of total effect into several analogues of path-specific effects, our method contributes to the investigation of complicated causal mechanisms in settings with multiple mediators.
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Fretter, Judith M. "Effective mediation in international disputes: A comparative analysis of mediation by the United Nations and regional organisations 1945-1995." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4682.
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This dissertation comparatively analyses the use and effectiveness of international mediation by the United Nations and six regional organisations namely, The League of Arab States (AL), the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), the European Union (EU) the Organisation of American States (OAS), the Organisation for African Unity (OAU) and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). When reviewing the literature it became evident that a comparative expose of organisation mediation was overdue. Research on international mediation posits that mediation success is contingent on several contextual and process factors. This thesis sought to determine which of the contextual factors affecting international mediation also influenced organisation mediation. Secondly, similarities and differences between UN and regional organisation mediation are identified and examined.
In addition to considering the effect of contextual factors on mediation, the analysis takes into consideration the impact of various levels of interorganisational cooperation. The UN and regional organisations are obligated to cooperate in the peaceful settlement of international disputes, however very little is known about the effectiveness of their joint mediation efforts. Indeed, the nature of interorganisational relations in international mediation has never been empirically examined. Taking into account actual mediator experiences, inter organisational mediation activities are categorised to reflect three different levels of cooperation: independent participation, coordination and cooperation. This research takes a unique look at the impact of organisation cooperation on mediation to gain more insight into how organisations function in a 'mediating relationship'. The analysis leads to a re-evaluation of systemic cooperation once the reality of interorganisational cooperation is revealed.
This study enlarges an extensive data set of international mediation to analyse specific elements of organisation mediation. New data was coded to comply with the existing data set and was fitted to' conform to the framework of the contingency model. The empirical analysis, using bivariate and multivariate methods, identifies several organisational characteristics and differences. While this study does not provide definitive answers on how to apply mediation more effectively, the results have some predictive value in determining the strengths and weaknesses in organisation mediation practices. Findings suggest that though the UN and regional organisations mediate effectively in different dispute conditions, cooperative mediation offers the greatest potential. Despite the intense conditions in which cooperation occurred and the fact that organisation cooperation is still largely ad hoc, lacking structure and recognition, cooperative mediation was remarkably successful.
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Tomasulo, Gregory C. "A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Abusive Experiences and Negative Outcomes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1281352650.
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Barrett, Tyson S. "Marginal Mediation Analysis: A New Framework for Interpretable Mediated Effects." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6963.
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Mediation analysis is built to answer not only if one variable affects another, but how the effect takes place. However, it lacks interpretable effect size estimates in situations where the mediator (an intermediate variable) and/or the outcome is categorical or otherwise non-normally distributed. By integrating a powerful approach known as average marginal effects within mediation analysis—termed Marginal Mediation Analysis (MMA)—the issues regarding categorical mediators and/or outcomes are, in large part, resolved. This new approach allows the estimation of the indirect effects (those effects of the predictor that affect the outcome through the mediator) that are interpreted in the same way as mediation analysis with continuous, normally-distributed mediators and outcomes. This also, in turn, resolves the troubling situation wherein the indirect plus the direct effect does not equal the total effect (i.e., the total effect does not equal the total effect). By offering this information in mediation, interventionists and lawmakers can better understand where efforts and resources can make the greatest impact. This project presents the development and the software of MMA, describes the evaluation of its performance, and reports an application of MMA to health data. The approach is successful in several aspects: 1) the software works across a wide variety of situations as the MarginalMediation R package; 2) MMA performed well and was statistically powered much like other mediation analysis approaches; and 3) the application demonstrated the increased amount of interpretable information that is provided in contrast to other approaches.
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Trams, Kai. "Die Mediationsvereinbarung : eine vertragsrechtliche Analyse /." Marburg : Tectum-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991376692/04.
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Siegrist, Gerald R. "An analysis of Gregorc's mediation styles among California public school superintendents." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2219.
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Schweizer, Daniel. "Mediation als Instrument in komplexen Krisensituationen - Eine Analyse des gescheiterten Mediationsverfahrens um den Zürcher Flughafen Unique." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02605483001/$FILE/02605483001.pdf.
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Kuperman, Renee Louise. "An analysis of rhetorical situation in the context of community mediation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289109.
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This dissertation is a rhetorical study of mediation that theorizes ways in which people can use language to consistently achieve peaceful resolutions of conflicts. In this study, I analyze community mediation at the Our Town Community Mediation Program, which provides free or low cost dispute resolution services. Disputants engage in a conflict defined by a particular rhetorical situation with its own exigence and constraints. The major finding of this study is that once the disputants have entered into a mediation, they become engaged in a second rhetorical situation that is in a dynamic relationship with the first. Thus the mediation experience involves a "rhetorical system" of situations. The primary exigence is defined as the urgency that obliged the unresolved conflict. The primary constraints are those factors that determined the rhetorical discourse. Through interviews with four mediators and a case study of a mock mediation, I identify eleven new constraints in the secondary situation that give presence to a secondary exigence, namely, miscommunication. The secondary situation values conciliatory rhetoric, making a mutually satisfactory resolution possible. In this way, rhetorical situation is itself used as a rhetorical device to elicit a resolution. I begin by arguing that mediation is a rhetorical activity that resembles ideal public discourse as described by Chaim Perelman and Kenneth Burke. Qualities such as on going dialog and situationally specific justice make mediation a useful model for critiquing deliberative democratic discourse. In Chapter Two, I explain that my research methodology serves to acknowledge mediation as a living process. In Chapter Three I explore the rhetorics of mediation taking into account, for example, its unusual use of argument and its transformative goals. In Chapter Four, I analyze the data from my research, redefining concepts such as neutrality, agency, good communication and conflict. And in Chapter Five, I explore the possibility of a wider application for the concept of rhetorical system, concluding that while the discourse of mediation may be too situationally specific to apply whole cloth to other forms of public discourse, the concept of rhetorical system has wide ranging applications.
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Johns, Alicia. "Methods for Estimating the Optimal Time Lag in Longitudinal Mediation Analysis." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6042.
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Interest in mediation analysis has increased over time, with particular excitement in the social and behavioral sciences. A mediator is defined as an intermediate in the causal sequence between an independent and dependent variable. Previous research has demonstrated that the cross-sectional form of mediation analysis is inherently flawed, evidenced by the inability of the cross-sectional mediation model to account for temporal precedence and estimation of the indirect effect being biased in nearly all situations. For these reasons, a longitudinal model is recommended. However, a method for determining the exact time points to measure the variables used in mediation analysis has not been adequately examined. In this study, we examined methods for determining an appropriate time lag when designing a mediation study. The methods implemented include correlation analysis, the quadratic and exponential forms of the lag as a moderator approach, and knot estimation using basis splines. The data for the study was simulated for three distinct trends generated using a linear piecewise model, a sigmoid model, and a sigmoid piecewise model. Additionally, two sampling approaches, an intense sampling approach and a three-measure approach, were examined as well as six sample sizes and three effect sizes for the total effect on the outcome. The estimation methods were additionally compared by considering different types of error structures used in data generation as well as by examining equal and unequal time lag lengths between the predictor and mediator, and the mediator and outcome. The intent of the study is to provide methods so that researchers can estimate the best time to evaluate mediator and outcome measurements that will be used in mediation analysis. The results from this study showed that the best estimation method varied depending on the lag being estimated, the sampling approach, and the length of the lag. However, the knot estimation approach worked reasonably well in most scenarios considered even with small sample sizes of 5 or 10 per group. The findings from this study have the potential to improve study design for research implementing longitudinal mediation analysis by reducing bias in the estimate of the indirect effect when adequate time points are used.
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Dheka, Gilbert. "A comparative analysis of community mediation as a tool of transformation in the litigation systems of South Africa and the United States of America." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5514.
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Au, Corinna von. "Führen mit Mediationskompetenz? : eine Analyse des erforderlichen und adäquaten Einsatzes von Mediationskompetenz im betrieblichen Führungsalltag /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2219-0.htm.
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Zhao, Xianjie. "Mediation a popular choice of dispute resolution in family problems : an analysis of reasons, advantages and practice in mainland China and Hong Kong /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22052422a.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Sept. 7, 2007) "LW6409A, dissertation of MA arbitration and dispute resolution" Includes bibliographical references.
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Touliatou, Georgia. "Diegetic stories in a video mediation : a narrative analysis of four videos." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397132.
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Engel, Sarah Louise. "Self-compassion in Adult Survivors of Child Maltreatment: A Moderated-Mediation Analysis." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1624293044541376.
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Odallo, Beatrice N. "Analysis of the post 2007 general election conflict mediation process in Kenya." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/16765.
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In December 2007, Kenya held what by all accounts were historic presidential, parliamentary and local elections which pitted the then President Mwai Kibaki and his Party of National Unity (PNU) against Mr. Raila Odinga, the leader of the Orange Democratic Party (ODM), Mr. Kalonzo Musyoka, head of ODM-Kenya, and six other candidates. There was however, even before the elections were in progress, several indicators of conflict such as pervasive use of inflammatory campaign rhetoric.
Within minutes of the Electoral Commission of Kenya’s declaration of President Kibaki's victory, tribe-based rioting and violence broke out across the country. The results announced showed both a rapid disintegration of Odinga’s previously large lead during the tallying of votes, and a 2.5% margin between the two leading candidates. As a result, suspicions of tampering were high, not least because the opposition had won 99 seats to PNU’s 43 at the parliamentary level.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010.
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Paulo Comoane of the Faculty of Law, University of Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique. 2010.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Lourens, Ann Sharon. "Analysis of strategies used by an organisation to manage conflict." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18.
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This research study addresses the problem of determining the strategies that can be used to manage conflict effectively. To achieve this objective a comprehensive literature study was performed to determine the views on conflict and various models of conflict. The study also included the reasons for and sources of conflict and the effects of conflict on an organisation. The next step was to identify the conflict management strategies that were revealed by the literature study. The appropriate conflict handling styles, how to improve organisational practices and special rules and structures were discussed as well as various suggestions from different authors on how to resolve a conflict situation. Based on the information obtained from the literature study a model was developed to serve as a guide to organisations to manage conflict effectively. Managers from a specific organisation were requested to complete questionnaires in order to determine the strategies used by their organisation to manage conflict. The questionnaire was developed in accordance with the findings from the research. The answers of the respondents were analysed and compared to the findings of the literature study. The information obtained from the literature study and from the respondents resulted in various recommendations and conclusions. The previously mentioned model that was developed was applied to the organisation, specifically addressing the pertinent issues as indicated by the respondents.
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Muvingi, Ismael James. "Actualizing human rights norms in distanced spaces an analysis of the campaign to eliminate conflict diamonds and the capital market sanctions (Sudan) campaigns in the United States /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2895.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Mason University, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 21, 2008). Thesis director: Agnieszka Paczynska Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Conflict Analysis and Resolution. Vita: p. 375. Includes bibliographical references (p. 350-374). Also available in print.
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Montoya, Amanda Kay. "Conditional Process Analysis in Two-Instance Repeated-Measures Designs." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1530904232127584.
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Handing, Elizabeth. "Mediation and Moderation Analysis of Nutrition, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Cognition in Older Adults." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5696.
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Nutrition can be viewed as a modifiable factor related to maintaining and preserving health in older adults. Previous studies have found that nutritional factors can influence cognitive abilities, however few studies have examined macronutrients and micronutrients as they relate to cognitive functioning. Research has yet to examine the mechanisms related to nutrition, cognition and aging in an older adult population from a holistic and interactive perspective.
This dissertation examined three research questions to better understand the relationship between age, nutrition, cognition, and inflammatory biomarkers. First, is nutrition related to cognition beyond demographic factors? Do individual nutrients serve as mediators? Second, are inflammatory biomarkers significant mediators to cognitive performance? Third, do nutrients and inflammatory markers interact as moderators to cognitive performance?
This study examined 1,317 adults 60 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). Macronutrients were collected from a retrospective 24-hour dietary recall, micronutrient values were obtained from blood serum/plasma for vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, homocysteine, iron, folate, and inflammatory biomarkers values were obtained from blood serum/plasma for C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and ferritin. Cognition was measured by 6 tasks: immediate and delayed word recall, immediate and delayed story recall, orientation, and digit subtraction. All tasks were then combined to form a global cognitive measure.
Results for question one found that after controlling for age, sex, education, and total calorie intake, higher intake of polyunsaturated fat was related to better global cognition and delayed story recall score (std β= .08, p= .028, std β= .08, p=.04 respectively). Greater than 28% of calories from carbohydrate indicated worse global cognition and delayed story recall (std β= -.013, p= .028, and std β= -.158, p= .01). Higher intake of saturated fat and protein were related to worse digit subtraction scores (std β= -.160, p= .02, std β= -.064, p= .02). Higher serum vitamin C, D, and folate levels were related to better global cognition and digit subtraction. Additionally, higher serum vitamin C and D were associated with better orientation score, and folate was related to better immediate and delayed story recall. Building from these relationships, individual mediation models found that serum vitamin C, vitamin D, folate, and ferritin were significant mediators between age and the previously mentioned cognitive tasks.
Results for question two examined mediation between inflammatory markers and cognition and found that higher fibrinogen was related to worse global cognition and digit subtraction. Higher ferritin was associated with better delayed word recall.
Question three investigated the moderating relationship between age, nutrients, and biomarkers, and results found that folate and fibrinogen were significant moderators. Higher serum folate was related to better global cognition and immediate story recall. Ferritin values below 1.2 and above 3.2g/l indicated worse digit subtraction performance. Evidence for a dose-dependent relationship was confirmed.
Results from this project demonstrated that select nutrients (polyunsaturated fat, vitamin C, D, and folate), and inflammatory markers (ferritin and fibrinogen) were associated with cognitive performance across various cognitive domains. Consuming a diet rich in healthy fatty acids, and antioxidants may be beneficial for cognitive health. Future studies should continue to examine the underlying mechanisms connected to maintaining, preserving, and protecting cognitive abilities in older adults.
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Distelhorst, Karen S. "Transitional Care, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Heart Failure Hospital Readmission: A Moderated Mediation Analysis." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent158613074205556.
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Litson, Kaylee. "A Structural Equation Modeling Approach Combining Multitrait-Multimethod Designs with Moderated Mediation Analysis." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7541.
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Researchers who study clinical and developmental psychology are often interested in answering questions such as how interventions work, when treatment begins to improve health outcomes, or for whom treatment has the greatest impact. Answers to these and similar questions impact the general understanding of health and behavior, and can be imperative for effectively implementing intervention and prevention programs. To evaluate such complex relationships among variables, researchers have turned to moderated mediation analysis. Moderated mediation analysis is a statistical tool used to identify the conditional processes among observed or latent variables. However, in developmental and clinical psychology, variables are regularly measured using multiple sources or multiple methods. In fact, best practice recommendations in clinical psychology suggest measuring variables with multiple methods (Achenbach, 2006). The question arises how to use multimethod assessments in statistical analyses such as moderated mediation analysis. The objectives of the present study were to create a multimethod moderated mediation model, apply the model to an extant dataset of child developmental behaviors, and evaluate conditions under which the model performed well using a Monte Carlo simulation study. Results from the application showed that the indirect path from hyperactivity to academic impairment through oppositional defiant behavior was significant but not moderated by inattention. Results from the simulation study indicated that excluding true method effects from a moderated mediation model resulted in unacceptable parameter and standard error bias. These results point to the advantages of using the M4 model to evaluate moderated mediation in the presence of multimethod data.
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Al, Saleh Abdullah R. "Conflict Analysis: Exploring the Role of Kuwait in Mediation in the Middle East." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3208.
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The Middle East is a large geographical area, and while people think of it as a homogeneous area in terms of language and culture, the region IS actually more of a melting pot of ethnic, religious, racial and linguistic groups. Understanding the distinctions between these groups is of paramount importance to understanding the region. Historical rivalries between some groups, for example, Sunni and Shia Muslims, go back hundreds, perhaps thousands, of years. Yet, people continue with life. How do countries continue to deal with each other when there are open, unsettled questions, such as boundaries or control of islands? Is there a resolution method that will finalize these issues for once and ever?
Chapter One will discuss methodology and research implementation. Chapter Two will review theories of conflict resolution as described in the literature. Chapter Three will review the historical background of conflict in the Middle East in general, these four conflicts in particular and the role that Kuwaiti diplomats played (to the limited extent that it can be determined). Chapter Four offers overall conclusions and suggestions.
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Zhang, Cheng. "Developing methods for causal mediation analysis of parenting interventions to improve child antisocial behaviour." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developing-methods-for-causal-mediation-analysis-of-parenting-interventions-to-improve-child-antisocial-behaviour(1fe3d7e6-0c70-440e-86ca-3ae3afed9b69).html.
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Parenting programmes are the most effective intervention to change persistent child antisocial behaviour and are widely used, but little is known about the mechanisms through which they work and hence how to improve them. This PhD project aims to bridge this gap by performing formal mediation analyses partitioning total effects of parenting programmes on child outcome into indirect effects (mediated through aspects of parenting) and direct effects (non-mediated effects). This thesis focuses on further developing methods for mediation analysis to cover complex scenarios and applies them in three trials (SPOKES, CPT and HCA) of parenting programmes. This project improves traditional methods for trials that assume no putative mediator-outcome confounding in three ways: Firstly, the mediator-outcome relationship is adjusted for observed confounding variables. The newly developed MI-BT method facilitates the application of Multiple Imputation to handle missing data and the use of linear mixed models to reflect trial design, and generates non-parametric inferences via a bootstrap approach. The application of this method to the SPOKES trial showed statistically significant indirect effects for two mediators (parental warmth and criticism). Secondly, the MI-BT method is extended to combine with instrumental variables method and become the IV-MI-BT method which allows for unmeasured confounding of the mediator-outcome relationship in the presence of missing data. The application of this method to the SPOKES trial showed that while IV estimators of mediation effects were similar in value compared to MI-BT estimates, their confidence intervals were inflated. Finally, methods were further developed to enable pooling of individual participant data from multiple trials and so provide for potentially more precise and more generalizable mediation analyses. A framework for systematically conducting such an IV-MI-BT IPD meta-mediation analysis is described. Meta-analysis of the three contributing trials did not detect any evidence for between-trial heterogeneity in mediation effects of interest. Pooling of the studies resulted in smaller and non-significant overall indirect effect estimates and provided a considerable precision gain compared to the SPOKES only analysis.
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Rejeb, Bouzgarrou Asma. "Analyse des formes morpho-fonctionnelles urbaines : mise en place d'un indicateur de mutations paysagères de la ville de Monastir entre 1956 et 2013." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0004/document.
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Le paysage urbain contemporain tunisien, caractérisé par une forte hétérogénéité paysagère s’interroge quant aux facteurs de son émergence. La ville de Monastir en constitue un bon exemple d’analyse des transformations urbaines. Elle se caractérise, notamment, par un taux d’urbanisation élevée de 100% et une croissance différentielle dans le temps et dans l’espace. Cette recherche s’intègre dans les domaines de l’architecture, de l’urbanisme, de la syntaxe spatiale et de la planification territoriale. Elle s’interroge sur l’évolution du paysage urbain de la commune de Monastir (de 1956 à 2013). Le but est de chercher des indicateurs de visibilité quant à la dynamique de la commune dans son contexte d’hétérogénéité morpho-fonctionnelle. Ce travail a entrepris une logique progressive d’appréhension de l’ensemble de l’environnement urbain et de sa continuité culturelle. La mise en place d’une approche globale de la structure spatiale de la commune de Monastir qui porte, d’une part, sur l’analyse diachronique, et d’autre part, sur l’analyse synchronique, a permis de dégager plusieurs faits de paysages urbains. Ils se matérialisent, notamment, par l’identification de la genèse des centralités diffuses associée à des formes non hiérarchisées socio-spatiales. Ces disparités phénoménologues urbaines nous ont conduit à adapter la syntaxe spatiale pour mieux cerner la réalité de l’environnement de la commune de Monastir dans sa totalité où la médiation paysagère y prédomineThe contemporary Tunisian urban landscape, characterized by a strong heterogeneity, wonders about the factors of its emergence. The city of Monastir is an excellent example of the analysis of urban transformations. This city is characterized, especially, by a high urbanization rate of 100% and differential growth in time and space. This research lies into the fields of architecture, urbanism, space syntax and territorial planning. This work questions the evolution of the urban landscape of the municipality of Monastir from 1956 to 2013. An objective is to search for a series of visibility indices on the city dynamics in its context of morphofunctional heterogeneity. This work undertook a gradual logic of apprehension of the urban environment and its cultural continuity.The establishment of a global approach to the spatial structure of the municipality of Monastir, on the diachronic analysis, and on the synchronic analysis, respectively, allowed us to model several facts of urban landscapes. This materializes, in particular, by identifying the genesis of diffuse centralities associated with non-hierarchical socio-spatial forms. These urban phenomenologists’ disparities have led us to adapt current spatial syntax measures in order to provide a better understanding of the reality of the whole environment of the municipality of Monastir, and where the landscape mediation dominates
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Tsuruhara, Toshiyasu. "Relational transformation through dialogue : conflict mediation in a secondary school in the UK." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/280235.
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This paper examines dialogue between disputing students and the teacher/facilitator in conflict mediation meetings, and discusses what kind of teacher/facilitator’s actions help disputing students find a constructive solution, or even relational transformation. Key theories that inform my research are taken from Martin Buber and Carl Rogers. Buber argues that a human needs to set him/herself at a distance to see the other as an independent existence, and that humans enter relationship through self-becoming, and confirmation of the other’s existence. This is very difficult to achieve in a conflict situation, but Rogers’ core conditions of Person Centred Therapy: Unconditional positive regard; Empathy; Genuineness, fill this gap. The conflict mediator can help this process. Data for the study is taken from twenty video recordings in a secondary school in England, where diversified students, including those who were born abroad, learn together. I examine the outcomes of twenty video-recorded meetings, grouped into three categories: Relational Transformation; Resolution Only; Conflict not transformed. I describe how I have selected three meetings each (nine in total) for thematic coding and conversation analysis. Elicitive and empathetic facilitation appeared most frequently in Relational-Transformation cases, whereas judgmental and directive facilitation were observed most frequently in Conflict-not-transformed cases. As for student’s actions, openness and expansiveness appeared most frequently in Relational-Transformation cases, and attacking and defiance appeared most frequently in Conflict-not-transformed cases. Resolution-Only cases lie between these two categories. These findings suggest that conflict mediation favours elicitive and empathetic facilitation, and leads to the transformation of students’ relationships. When the facilitator/teacher shows judgment and directiveness, students respond with attacking and defiance, which impairs transformative process. It was also revealed that students were only able to acknowledge the other student’s feelings and experiences after their own feeling had been acknowledged.
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Simone, Melissa. "Latent Difference Score Mediation Analysis in Developmental Research: A Monte Carlo Study and Application." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7061.
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Developmental and prevention researchers aim to determine how unhealthy behaviors emerge. Mediation analysis offers a statistical tool that allows researchers to describe the processes underlying early risk and later health outcomes. Among existing longitudinal mediation models, latent difference score mediation stands out due to its unique ability to capture variations in changes both within and across individuals, as well as its ability to examine non-linear change over time. However, the literature currently lacks sample size guidelines for latent difference mediation models, which has proven to make the use of these models difficult. The current project addresses this limitation by offering an empirical set of sample guidelines for a variety of latent difference mediation score models through a Monte Carlo simulation study. By offering empirical sample size guidelines for latent difference score mediation models, future developmental and prevention researchers can make informed sampling decisions prior to data collection.
Moreover, women who misuse alcohol have been found to experience more severe medical consequences than men. However, minimal research has evaluated how gender specific risk factors influence its onset. The current project addresses this limitation by applying latent difference score mediation to evaluate how disordered eating behaviors among adolescent girls influence alcohol misuse among adult women.
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Cano, Moreno Manuel. "Acculturation-related Measures, Ethnic Discrimination, and Drinking Outcomes Among U.S. Latinos:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108351.
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Thesis advisor: Thomas O'HareWith implications for chronic disease and mortality, alcohol-related problems represent a threat to population health. Among U.S. Latinos, the process of acculturation has traditionally been identified as a predictor of drinking outcomes. However, past research on the relationship between acculturation and drinking has varied widely, leaving uncertainties regarding the circumstances under which the relationship operates or the reasons why the relationship is observed. The present study therefore explored the intricacies of the relationship between acculturation-related measures and drinking outcomes among U.S. Latinos, highlighting within-group variation based on sex and heritage country/region and the importance of examining mediators. Using a population-based probability sample of U.S. adults (NESARC-III, 2012-2013), the present study examined data from 7,037 self-identified Latinos. Using multivariable regression analyses, the study tested relationships between various conventionally-used acculturation measures (including proxy measures and an acculturation scale) and a range of drinking outcomes: drinking status, average daily ethanol intake, and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder. Moderation analyses examined the role of sex and heritage country/region. Finally, the study employed mediation analysis to test the hypothesized role of self-reported perceived ethnic discrimination as a mediator in the relationship between acculturation-related measures and drinking outcomes. Results indicated a significant and positive, albeit modest, relationship between acculturation-related measures and a range of drinking outcomes. Many of these relationships varied by sex or heritage country/region, depending on the specific acculturation-related measure and drinking outcome examined. Notably, the link between acculturation-related measures and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder was consistent for men and women. For Latino men, results of mediation analyses indicated that self-reported perceived ethnic discrimination acted as a partial mediator in the relationship between two acculturation-related measures and past-year DSM-5 alcohol use disorder. This finding lends credence to the notion that ethnic discrimination and experiences of “othering”—which can accompany the process of acculturation—may help explain problem drinking in U.S. Latino adult men. Further research is needed to uncover the variety of experiences or structures of discrimination involved in problem drinking among U.S. Latinos. Mediators in the relationship between acculturation and problem drinking may provide opportunities for intervention to weaken this detrimental relationship
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Davitti, Elena. "Dialogue interpreting as intercultural mediation : integrating talk and gaze in the analysis of mediated parent-teacher meetings." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dialogue-interpreting-as-intercultural-mediationintegrating-talk-and-gaze-in-the-analysis-of-mediated-parentteacher-meetings(590f73d9-d375-4aa0-a813-a872da49dd19).html.
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This study explores how the positioning of dialogue interpreters is shaped in mediated interaction through the combined investigation of two main units of analysis, i.e. assessments and gaze. The data used consists of a small corpus of authentic, video-recorded, mediated interactions in English and Italian. These encounters take place in pedagogical settings; in particular, the specific type of institutional talk analysed is that of mediated parent-teacher meetings, which represents uncharted territory for interpreting studies. An interdisciplinary approach encompassing conversation analysis and studies on non-verbal communication is adopted to explore how interactants orient to both verbal and non-verbal activities (mainly gaze) in the production and monitoring of each other's actions, in the initiation and maintenance of social encounters, and in the co-construction of meaning and participatory framework. As for the verbal dimension, this thesis focuses on assessments, given that evaluative talk characterises the interactions under scrutiny. In particular, some tendencies (namely upgrading and downgrading renditions) in the way interpreters handle utterances embedding evaluative assessments have been identified, explored and linked to issues of identity and epistemic authority. One of the most innovative aspects of this work lies in the exploration of how positioning is realised not only verbally, but also nonverbally, by accounting for non-verbal features in the analysis of verbal interaction. Although non-verbal features have been recognised as part and parcel of human social interaction as well as important vectors of meaning and co-ordination (e.g. Goodwin 1981; Kendon 1990), their sequential positioning in relation to the production of the ongoing flow of talk and their use by interpreters to complement/replace specific verbal features is uncharted territory for interpreting studies. Since the groundbreaking work by Lang (1976, 1978), little research has integrated gaze in the analysis of the interpreter’s (and participants) verbal output (e.g. Wadensjö 2001; Bot 2005). To enable its investigation, gaze is systematically encoded alongside specific conversational cues via the ELAN software, which interfaces audio-video input in a user-friendlyhypertextual transcription. A specific gaze-encoding system has been developed for triadic interaction, building on Rossano’s (2012) one for dyadic interaction. These symbols have been mapped onto the verbal transcript of specific sequences, with a view to investigating how gaze is used as an interactional resource in conjunction with verbal behaviour when producing such sequences. Through analysis of the actions performed via talk and gaze, the thesis investigates how displays of knowledge and epistemic authority are achieved and the impact of the interpreter’s shifting positioning on the unfolding interaction. The micro-analysis of transcripts is placed within a macro-analytical framework to explore whether interpreters work as intercultural mediators when they display an engaged behaviour and act as ratified participants. Findings show that the specific moves isolated, although trying to establish a common ground with the mothers, do not seem to contribute to participants’ empowerment and participation, thus suggesting the need for a more nuanced conceptualisation of intercultural mediation.
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Briggs, Nancy Elizabeth. "Estimation of the standard error and confidence interval of the indirect effect in multiple mediator models." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158693880.
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Campbell, Fiona Catherine Brown. "The analysis of environmental information a study of the dissemination, mediation and interpretaion of news." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296196.
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