Academic literature on the topic 'Medial Nuclei of Trapezoid Body'
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Journal articles on the topic "Medial Nuclei of Trapezoid Body"
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Tsuchitani, Chiyeko. "The Brain Stem Evoked Response and Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 110, no. 1 (January 1994): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989411000110.
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Single-unit responses of cat superior olivary complex neurons to acoustic stimuli were examined to determine whether the units' action potentials were sufficiently synchronized to contribute to the brain stem evoked response. The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and lateral superior olive are two major nuclei within the cat superior olivary complex. The first-spike discharge latencies of medial nucleus of the trapezoid body and lateral superior olivary neurons to monaural presentations of tone burst stimuli were measured as a function of stimulus level. Evidence is provided to support the hypotheses that in cat the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body may contribute directly to the monaural brain stem evoked response by producing action potentials synchronized to stimulus onset and may also contribute indirectly to the brain stem evoked response binaural difference wave bc by inhibiting the lateral superior olive unit excitatory responses synchronized to stimulus onset.
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Kuwabara, N., and J. M. Zook. "Projections to the medial superior olive from the medial and lateral nuclei of the trapezoid body in rodents and bats." Journal of Comparative Neurology 324, no. 4 (October 22, 1992): 522–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.903240406.
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Smith, Philip H., Philip X. Joris, and Tom C. T. Yin. "Anatomy and Physiology of Principal Cells of the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body (MNTB) of the Cat." Journal of Neurophysiology 79, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 3127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.6.3127.
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Smith, Philip H., Philip X. Joris, and Tom C. T. Yin. Anatomy and physiology of principal cells of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) of the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 3127–3142, 1998. We have recorded from principal cells of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) in the cat's superior olivary complex using either glass micropipettes filled with Neurobiotin or horseradish peroxidase for intracellular recording and subsequent labeling or extracellular metal microelectrodes relying on prepotentials and electrode location. Labeled principal cells had cell bodies that usually gave rise to one or two primary dendrites, which branched profusely in the vicinity of the cell. At the electron microscopic (EM) level, there was a dense synaptic terminal distribution on the cell body and proximal dendrites. Up to half the measured cell surface could be covered with excitatory terminals, whereas inhibitory terminals consistently covered about one-fifth. The distal dendrites were very sparsely innervated. The thick myelinated axon originated from the cell body and innervated nuclei exclusively in the ipsilateral auditory brain stem. These include the lateral superior olive (LSO), ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, medial superior olive, dorsomedial and ventromedial periolivary nuclei, and the MNTB itself. At the EM level the myelinated collaterals gave rise to terminals that contained nonround vesicles and, in the LSO, were seen terminating on cell bodies and primary dendrites. Responses of MNTB cells were similar to their primary excitatory input, the globular bushy cell (GBC), in a number of ways. The spontaneous spike rate of MNTB cells with low characteristic frequencies (CFs) was low, whereas it tended to be higher for higher CF units. In response to short tones, a low frequency MNTB cell showed enhanced phase-locking abilities, relative to auditory nerve fibers. For cells with CFs >1 kHz, the short tone response often resembled the primary-like with notch response seen in many globular bushy cells, with a well-timed onset component. Exceptions to and variations of this standard response were also noted. When compared with GBCs with comparable CFs, the latency of the MNTB cell response was delayed slightly, as would be expected given the synapse interposed between the two cell types. Our data thus confirm that, in the cat, the MNTB receives and converts synaptic inputs from globular bushy cells into a reasonably accurate reproduction of the bushy cell spike response. This MNTB cell output then becomes an important inhibitory input to a number of ipsilateral auditory brain stem nuclei.
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Schofield, Brett R. "Projections to the cochlear nuclei from principal cells in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in guinea pigs." Journal of Comparative Neurology 344, no. 1 (June 1, 1994): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.903440107.
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Kadner, Alexander, Randy J. Kulesza, and Albert S. Berrebi. "Neurons in the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body and Superior Paraolivary Nucleus of the Rat May Play a Role in Sound Duration Coding." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 3 (March 2006): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00902.2005.
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We describe neurons in two nuclei of the superior olivary complex that display differential sensitivities to sound duration. Single units in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) and superior paraolivary nucleus (SPON) of anesthetized rats were studied. MNTB neurons produced primary-like responses to pure tones and displayed a period of suppressed spontaneous activity after stimulus offset. In contrast, neurons of the SPON, which receive a strong glycinergic input from MNTB, showed very little or no spontaneous activity and responded with short bursts of action potentials after the stimulus offset. Because SPON spikes were restricted to the same time window during which suppressed spontaneous activity occurs in the MNTB, we presume that SPON offset activity represents a form of postinhibitory rebound. Using characteristic frequency tones of 2- to 1,000-ms duration presented 20 dB above threshold, we show that the profundity and duration of the suppression of spontaneous activity in MNTB as well as the magnitude and first spike latency of the SPON offset response depend on stimulus duration as well as on stimulus intensity, showing a tradeoff between intensity and duration. Pairwise comparisons of the responses to stimuli of various durations revealed that the duration sensitivity in both nuclei is sharpest for stimuli <50 ms.
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Garrett, Andrew, Virginia Lannigan, Nathanael J. Yates, Jennifer Rodger, and Wilhelmina Mulders. "Physiological and anatomical investigation of the auditory brainstem in the Fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata)." PeerJ 7 (September 30, 2019): e7773. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7773.
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The fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) is a small (10–20 g) native marsupial endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Currently little is known about the auditory capabilities of the dunnart, and of marsupials in general. Consequently, this study sought to investigate several electrophysiological and anatomical properties of the dunnart auditory system. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were recorded to brief (5 ms) tone pips at a range of frequencies (4–47.5 kHz) and intensities to determine auditory brainstem thresholds. The dunnart ABR displayed multiple distinct peaks at all test frequencies, similar to other mammalian species. ABR showed the dunnart is most sensitive to higher frequencies increasing up to 47.5 kHz. Morphological observations (Nissl stain) revealed that the auditory structures thought to contribute to the first peaks of the ABR were all distinguishable in the dunnart. Structures identified include the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, including a cochlear nerve root nucleus as well as several distinct nuclei in the superior olivary complex, such as the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, lateral superior olive and medial superior olive. This study is the first to show functional and anatomical aspects of the lower part of the auditory system in the Fat-tailed dunnart.
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Balaban, Carey D., David M. McGee, Jianxun Zhou, and Charles A. Scudder. "Responses of Primate Caudal Parabrachial Nucleus and Kölliker-Fuse Nucleus Neurons to Whole Body Rotation." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 6 (December 1, 2002): 3175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00499.2002.
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The caudal aspect of the parabrachial (PBN) and Kölliker-Fuse (KF) nuclei receive vestibular nuclear and visceral afferent information and are connected reciprocally with the spinal cord, hypothalamus, amygdala, and limbic cortex. Hence, they may be important sites of vestibulo-visceral integration, particularly for the development of affective responses to gravitoinertial challenges. Extracellular recordings were made from caudal PBN cells in three alert, adult female Macaca nemestrina through an implanted chamber. Sinusoidal and position trapezoid angular whole body rotation was delivered in yaw, roll, pitch, and vertical semicircular canal planes. Sites were confirmed histologically. Units that responded during rotation were located in lateral and medial PBN and KF caudal to the trochlear nerve at sites that were confirmed anatomically to receive superior vestibular nucleus afferents. Responses to whole-body angular rotation were modeled as a sum of three signals: angular velocity, a leaky integration of angular velocity, and vertical position. All neurons displayed angular velocity and integrated angular velocity sensitivity, but only 60% of the neurons were position-sensitive. These responses to vertical rotation could display symmetric, asymmetric, or fully rectified cosinusoidal spatial tuning about a best orientation in different cells. The spatial properties of velocity and integrated velocity and position responses were independent for all position-sensitive neurons; the angular velocity and integrated angular velocity signals showed independent spatial tuning in the position-insensitive neurons. Individual units showed one of three different orientations of their excitatory axis of velocity rotation sensitivity: vertical-plane-only responses, positive elevation responses (vertical plane plus ipsilateral yaw), and negative elevation axis responses (vertical plane plus negative yaw). The interactions between the velocity and integrated velocity components also produced variations in the temporal pattern of responses as a function of rotation direction. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a vestibulorecipient region of the PBN and KF integrates signals from the vestibular nuclei and relay information about changes in whole-body orientation to pathways that produce homeostatic and affective responses.
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Wei, Liting, Shotaro Karino, Eric Verschooten, and Philip X. Joris. "Enhancement of phase-locking in rodents. I. An axonal recording study in gerbil." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 2009–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00194.2016.
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The trapezoid body (TB) contains axons of neurons in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus projecting to monaural and binaural nuclei in the superior olivary complex (SOC). Characterization of these monaural inputs is important for the interpretation of response properties of SOC neurons. In particular, understanding of the sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs) in neurons of the medial and lateral superior olive requires knowledge of the temporal firing properties of the monaural excitatory and inhibitory inputs to these neurons. In recent years, studies of ITD sensitivity of SOC neurons have made increasing use of small animal models with good low-frequency hearing, particularly the gerbil. We presented stimuli as used in binaural studies to monaural neurons in the TB and studied their temporal coding. We found that general trends as have been described in the cat are present in gerbil, but with some important differences. Phase-locking to pure tones tends to be higher in TB axons and in neurons of the medial nucleus of the TB (MNTB) than in the auditory nerve for neurons with characteristic frequencies (CFs) below 1 kHz, but this enhancement is quantitatively more modest than in cat. Stronger enhancement is common when TB neurons are stimulated at low frequencies below CF. It is rare for TB neurons in gerbil to entrain to low-frequency stimuli, i.e., to discharge a well-timed spike on every stimulus cycle. Also, complex phase-locking behavior, with multiple modes of increased firing probability per stimulus cycle, is common in response to low frequencies below CF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Phase-locking is an important property of neurons in the early auditory pathway: it is critical for the sensitivity to time differences between the two ears enabling spatial hearing. Studies in cat have shown an improvement in phase-locking from the peripheral to the central auditory nervous system. We recorded from axons in an output tract of the cochlear nucleus and show that a similar but more limited form of temporal enhancement is present in gerbil.
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Smith, P. H. "Structural and functional differences distinguish principal from nonprincipal cells in the guinea pig MSO slice." Journal of Neurophysiology 73, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 1653–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.4.1653.
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1. Principal cells in the medial superior olive (MSO) receive low-frequency information from both ears via left and right cochlear nuclei. In vivo extracellular records suggest that some MSO neurons respond optimally only when the binaural acoustic signal has a precise interaural delay. Thus MSO cells, in particular principal cells, are thought to be the first stage in the processing of interaural time difference cues that provides information as to the location of a low-frequency sound in space. 2. Despite this proposed fundamental role for the MSO, certain features of this nucleus make in vivo recordings from any cell type here very difficult to obtain. Only a small number of extracellular records and no intracellular recordings are reported in the literature. Using sharp, neurobiotin-filled glass electrodes to record intracellularly from cells in an in vitro brain slice of the guinea pig superior olivary complex, I have begun to assess the anatomic and physiological features of cells in the MSO that might be relevant to such a functional role in vivo. 3. Two basic MSO cell types, designated principal and nonprincipal, could be distinguished on the basis of certain anatomic and physiological differences. 4. Labeled principal cell bodies were located at all dorsoventral location within the MSO. Labeled nonprincipal cells were located in or around the dorsal aspects of the nucleus. Principal cells typically had thick bipolar dendrites (1 directed medially, 1 laterally) that did not taper or branch significantly except at their terminations. Nonprincipal cells were multipolar with three to nine thinner primary dendrites that did not branch preferentially in a mediolateral direction. Principal cell axons gave off collaterals terminating in and around the dorsal MSO. Nonprincipal cells also had axon in and around the dorsal MSO. Nonprincipal cells also had axon collateral branches innervating dorsal MSO, but these axons could branch more extensively and project further down the dorsoventral aspect of the nucleus. 5. Principal cells typically responded to depolarizing current pulses with one or a few spikes at current onset. When bathed in saline containing 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), they fired repetitively to the same depolarizing current pulses. This would indicate a depolarization-induced nonlinearity similar to that seen in principal cell types of two other auditory brain stem nuclei, the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Nonprincipal cells normally fired repetitively to depolarizing current pulses even close to spike threshold. Both cell types could show a sag in the membrane potential to hyperpolarizing current pulses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Grothe, B. "Interaction of excitation and inhibition in processing of pure tone and amplitude-modulated stimuli in the medial superior olive of the mustached bat." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 706–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.2.706.
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1. In mammals with good low-frequency hearing, the medial superior olive (MSO) processes interaural time or phase differences that are important cues for sound localization. Its cells receive excitatory projections from both cochlear nuclei and are thought to function as coincidence detectors. The response patterns of MSO neurons in most mammals are predominantly sustained. In contrast, the MSO in the mustached bat is a monaural nucleus containing neurons with phasic discharge patterns. These neurons receive projections from the contralateral anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) and the ipsilateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB). 2. To further investigate the role of the MSO in the bat, the responses of 252 single units in the MSO to pure tones and sinusoidal amplitude-modulated (SAM) stimuli were recorded. The results confirmed that the MSO in the mustached bat is tonotopically organized, with low frequencies in the dorsal part and high frequencies in the ventral part. The 61-kHz region is overrepresented. Most neurons tested (88%) were monaural and discharged only in response to contralateral stimuli. Their response could not be influenced by stimulation of the ipsilateral ear. 3. Only 11% of all MSO neurons were spontaneously active. In these neurons the spontaneous discharge rate was suppressed during the stimulus presentation. 4. The majority of cells (85%) responded with a phasic discharge pattern. About one-half (51%) responded with a level-independent phasic ON response. Other phasic response patterns included phasic OFF or phasic ON-OFF, depending on the stimulus frequency. Neurons with ON-OFF discharge patterns were most common in the 61-kHz region and absent in the high-frequency region. 5. Double tone experiments showed that at short intertone intervals the ON response to the second stimulus or the OFF response to the first stimulus was inhibited. 6. In neuropharmacological experiments, glycine applied to MSO neurons (n = 71) inhibited any tone-evoked response. In the presence of the glycine antagonist strychnine the response patterns changed from phasic to sustained (n = 35) and the neurons responded to both tones presented in double tone experiments independent of the intertone interval (n = 5). The effects of strychnine were reversible. 7. Twenty of 21 neurons tested with sinusoidally amplitude-modulated (SAM) signals exhibited low-pass or band-pass filter characteristics. Tests with SAM signals also revealed a weak temporal summation of inhibition in 13 of the 21 cells tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medial Nuclei of Trapezoid Body"
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Bautista, Melissa A. "Ultrastructural Analysis of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses within the Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body of Normal Hearing and Congenitally Deaf Mice." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1229722450.
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Müller, Jochen [Verfasser]. "Two glial cell types make structural and functional contact to the calyx of Held in the mouse medial nucleus of the trapezoid body / Jochen Müller." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1027306357/34.
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Curry, Rebecca J. Curry. "Cellular mechanisms of inhibition in sound localization circuits." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1501505575944901.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Medial Nuclei of Trapezoid Body"
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Bernabeu, Ignacio, Monica Marazuela, and Felipe F. Casanueva. "General concepts of hypothalamus-pituitary anatomy." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 71–81. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.2004.
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The hypothalamus is the part of the diencephalon associated with visceral, autonomic, endocrine, affective, and emotional behaviour. It lies in the walls of the third ventricle, separated from the thalamus by the hypothalamic sulcus. The rostral boundary of the hypothalamus is roughly defined as a line through the optic chiasm, lamina terminalis, and anterior commissure, and an imaginary line extending from the posterior commissure to the caudal limit of the mamillary body represents the caudal boundary. Externally, the hypothalamus is bounded rostrally by the optic chiasm, laterally by the optic tract, and posteriorly by the mamillary bodies. Dorsolaterally, the hypothalamus extends to the medial edge of the internal capsule (Fig. 2.1.1) (1). The complicated anatomy of this area of the central nervous system (CNS) is the reason why, for a long time, little was known about its anatomical organization and functional significance. Even though the anatomy of the hypothalamus is well established it does not form a well-circumscribed region. On the contrary, it is continuous with the surrounding parts of the CNS: rostrally, with the septal area of the telencephalon and anterior perforating substance; anterolaterally with the substantia innominata; and caudally with the central grey matter and the tegmentum of the mesencephalon. The ventral portion of the hypothalamus and the third ventricular recess form the infundibulum, which represents the most proximal part of the neurohypophysis. A bulging region posterior to the infundibulum is the tuber cinereum, and the zone that forms the floor of the third ventricle is called the median eminence. The median eminence represents the final point of convergence of pathways from the CNS on the peripheral endocrine system and it is supplied by primary capillaries of the hypophyseal portal vessels. The median eminence is the anatomical interface between the brain and the anterior pituitary. Ependymal cells lining the floor of the third ventricle have processes that traverse the width of the median eminence and terminate near the portal perivascular space; these cells, called tanycytes, provide a structural and functional link between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the perivascular space of the pituitary portal vessels. The conspicuous landmarks of the ventral surface of the brain can be used to divide the hypothalamus into three parts: anterior (preoptic and supraoptic regions), middle (tuberal region), and caudal (mamillary region). Each half of the hypothalamus is also divided into a medial and lateral zone. The medial zone contains the so-called cell-rich areas with well-defined nuclei. The scattered cells of the lateral hypothalamic area have long overlapping dendrites, similar to the cells of the reticular formation. Some of these neurons send axons directly to the cerebral cortex and others project down into the brainstem and spinal cord.
Conference papers on the topic "Medial Nuclei of Trapezoid Body"
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Disserol, Caio, João Henrique Fregadolli Ferreira, Carolina Magalhães Britto, Maria Clara Spesotto, Carla Guariglia, and Marcos Christiano Lange. "Progressive lacunar stroke presenting as cheiro-oral syndrome, dysarthria and hemiataxia." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.636.
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Context: Lacunar infarcts are small infarcts caused by occlusion of a single penetrating vessel, affecting mostly the basal ganglia, subcortical white matter and pons1. Around 20-30% of patients may progress symptoms over hours to days, and this presentation is associated with disability and poor prognosis2. Case report: A 70-year-old man with history of smoking, hypertension and a previous right occipital stroke reported right upper lip paresthesias since awakening. In 2-hours the right perioral region and his right hand were affected. After 3-hours he noted slurred speech. After 4-hours, imbalance was added to the previous symptoms. On admission, NIHSS was 4, mostly by previous left hemianopia, new right arm ataxia and cerebellar dysarthria. There were no weakness or sensory déficits. Brain MRI showed a subacute lacunar stroke in the left thalamus. Discussion: Thalamic lacunar strokes can present in a wide range of symptoms depending on the affected nuclei. The ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPLn) and the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPMn) carries sensory input from the contralateral body and face, respectively3. Cheiro-oral syndrome (COS) is considered a pure sensory thalamic lacunar syndrome with symptoms that affect the face, hand and/or foot, but may be accompanied by ipsilateral ataxia if the ventral lateral nucleus is also affected4 . Although classically associated with thalamic ischemic lesions, there are descriptions of hemorrhagic strokes5 and multiple different affected regions presenting as COS, including brainstem5 , internal capsule6 , operculum7 , cortex8 , corona radiata9 and thalamus10. Early recognition and diagnosis is essencial to institute adequate early treatment and secondary prophylaxis.