Academic literature on the topic 'Medial artery calcification'
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Journal articles on the topic "Medial artery calcification"
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Lehto, Seppo, Leo Niskanen, Matti Suhonen, Tapani Rönnemaa, and Markku Laakso. "Medial Artery Calcification." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 16, no. 8 (August 1996): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.atv.16.8.978.
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Arbustini, Eloisa, Antonio Bozzani, and Francesco Prati. "Medial Artery Calcification." JACC: Advances 2, no. 9 (November 2023): 100652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100652.
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Mandalapu, Aniruddh, and Kathryn J. Stevens. "Imaging findings of arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73: A case study." Journal of Radiology Case Reports 17, no. 12 (February 9, 2024): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v17i12.5175.
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A 52-year-old male developed right knee pain after hiking in Guatemala. On his return he underwent a knee MRI for an indication of medial knee pain, which demonstrated a medial meniscal tear. However, the MRI demonstrated marked tortuosity and dense calcification of the popliteal artery, confirmed on subsequent radiographs. Review of previous CT studies of the abdomen and lower extremities showed severe ectasia and arterial calcification in the femoral and popliteal arteries bilaterally, but no calcifications in the aorta and common iliac arteries. Dual energy CT studies of the extremities demonstrated extensive periarticular soft tissue calcification throughout the wrists, hands, ankle and feet without evidence of uric acid. Review of the electronic medical records revealed a diagnosis of Arterial Calcification due to Deficiency of CD73 (ACDC), a rare genetic disorder presenting with debilitating pain in the wrists and hands, claudication of the calves, thighs and buttocks, progressing to chronic ischemia of the feet which may be limb-threatening. The patient was enrolled in an NIH trial of bisphosphonates and dual-antiplatelet therapy with stabilization of symptoms. This case discusses the imaging findings of this rare condition, differential diagnosis to consider, and current management.
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Meer, Romain, Anna G. Hoek, Emma J. Bouman, Teddo Doesburg, Petra J. M. Elders, Pim A. de Jong, Joline Beulens, and UCC-SMART Study Group. "Association between lower extremity arterial calcification and coronary arterial calcification in a population at increased risk of cardiovascular disease." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 12, no. 1 (February 2024): e003811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003811.
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IntroductionThere is conflicting evidence whether lower extremity arterial calcification coincides with coronary arterial calcification (CAC). The aims of this study were to investigate the associations between (1) femoral and crural calcification with CAC, and (2) femoral and crural calcification pattern with CAC.Research design and methodsThis cross-sectional study included 405 individuals (74% men, 62.6±10.9 years) from the ARTEMIS cohort study at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) who underwent a CT scan of the femoral, crural and coronary arteries. High CVD risk was defined as history/presence of cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, renal artery stenosis, peripheral artery disease or CVD risk factors: diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, hyperlipidemia. Calcification score within each arterial bed was expressed in Agatston units. Dominant calcification patterns (intimal, medial, absent/indistinguishable) were determined via a CT-guided histologically validated scoring algorithm. Multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses were used. Replication was performed in an independent population of individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2 (Early-HFpEF cohort study).ResultsEvery 100-point increase in femoral and crural calcification score was associated with 1.23 (95% CI=1.09 to 1.37, p<0.001) and 1.28 (95% CI=1.11 to 1.47, p=0.001) times higher odds of having CAC within tertile 3 (high) versus tertile 1 (low), respectively. The association appeared stronger for crural versus femoral arteries. Moreover, the presence of femoral intimal (OR=10.81, 95% CI=4.23 to 27.62, p<0.001), femoral medial (OR=10.37, 95% CI=3.92 to 27.38, p<0.001) and crural intimal (OR=6.70, 95% CI=2.73 to 16.43, p<0.001) calcification patterns were associated with higher odds of having CAC within tertile 3 versus tertile 1, independently from concomitant calcification score. This association appeared stronger for intimal versus medial calcification patterns. The replication analysis yielded similar results.ConclusionsHigher femoral and crural calcification scores were associated with higher CAC. Moreover, the presence of femoral intimal, femoral medial and crural intimal calcification patterns was associated with increased CAC. It appears that arterial calcification is a systemic process which occurs simultaneously in various arterial beds.
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Bobryshev, Yuri V., Reginald S. A. Lord, and Dinh Tran. "Chlamydia pneumoniaein foci of “early” calcification of the tunica media in arteriosclerotic arteries: an incidental presence?" American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 290, no. 4 (April 2006): H1510—H1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01055.2005.
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Only a few previous works investigated the involvement of Chlamydia pneumoniae ( Chlamydophila pneumoniae) in arterial calcification. The present study investigated a possible association between C. pneumoniae and medial calcification. Carotid artery segments obtained by endarterectomy from 60 patients were examined by PCR and immunohistochemistry to identify the presence of C. pneumoniae. Arterial specimens showing double-positive ( n = 17), double-negative ( n = 22), and single-positive results ( n = 21) were further analyzed by a combination of histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Medial calcification occurred in 10 of 17 (58.8%) C. pneumoniae double-positive arterial specimens, but no medial calcification was observed in any of 22 C. pneumoniae double-negative arterial specimens. Electron microscopy indicated C. pneumoniae in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in foci of medial calcification. Medial SMCs showing damage to the cytoplasm and basement membrane contained the structures with the appearance of elementary, reticulate, and aberrant bodies of C. pneumoniae. The presence of C. pneumoniae in SMCs was confirmed by electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry. In the extracellular matrix, calcification was observed in C. pneumoniae aberrant bodies that exited the SMCs. The findings offer a new hypothesis of arterial calcification: they suggest that C. pneumoniae infection of medial SMCs may be associated with the pathophysiological events of arteriosclerotic calcification of the tunica media.
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Liu, En-Shao, Nai-Ching Chen, Tzu-Ming Jao, and Chien-Liang Chen. "Dextromethorphan Reduces Oxidative Stress and Inhibits Uremic Artery Calcification." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 12277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212277.
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Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a key factor contributing to cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with osteogenic transdifferentiation play a role in vascular calcification. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcified-medium–induced calcification of VSMCs. This study investigates the effects of dextromethorphan (DXM), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on vascular calcification. We used in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the effect of DXM on artery changes in the presence of hyperphosphatemia. The anti-vascular calcification effect of DXM was tested in adenine-fed Wistar rats. High-phosphate medium induced ROS production and calcification of VSMCs. DXM significantly attenuated the increase in ROS production, the decrease in ATP, and mitochondria membrane potential during the calcified-medium–induced VSMC calcification process (p < 0.05). The protective effect of DXM in calcified-medium–induced VSMC calcification was not further increased by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, indicating that NADPH oxidase mediates the effect of DXM. Furthermore, DXM decreased aortic calcification in Wistar rats with CKD. Our results suggest that treatment with DXM can attenuate vascular oxidative stress and ameliorate vascular calcification.
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Dogan, Omer Faruk, Musturay Karcaaltincaba, Umit Duman, Deniz Akata, Aytekin Besim, and Erkmen Boke. "Assessment of the Radial Artery and Hand Circulation by Computed Tomography Angiography: A Pilot Study." Heart Surgery Forum 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2005): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf98.20041042.
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Objectives: The radial artery (RA) is increasingly being used as a coronary bypass graft. Results of a previous study using Doppler ultrasound and histopathologic examinations indicated that the RA has a higher incidence of preexisting intimal hyperplasia, medial calcification, and atherosclerosis than the internal thoracic artery. The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) to display hand collateral circulation, to define the criteria for an abnormal CTA test result, and to demonstrate usefulness of CTA as an alternative to conventional angiography for evaluation of the radial artery. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting entered this study. We performed 32 examinations of forearm and hand arterial anatomy in these patients. CTA was performed in patients with a normal Allen test result, except 1 patient who had a persistent median artery. Soft tissue density forehand roentgenography was performed in all patients before the CTA evaluation. There was no selection of patients in relation to patient characteristics. As a risk factor for radial artery calcification, 6 of the patients had diabetes mellitus, 6 had aortofemoral occlusive disease, and 4 had a history of smoking. Results: Bilateral forearm arteries were visualized in all patients. Severe RA calcification was found in 1 patient, and distal occlusion was found in another patient. Focal RA calcification was noted in 2 patients. In the remaining patients no radial artery calcification or occlusion was noted. Anatomic variation of the upper limb arteries was shown in 2 patients; these variations were persistent median artery with absence of the radial and ulnar arteries and high bifurcation of the radial artery from the brachial artery. Conclusion: CTA is useful and safe for detection of radial artery calcific disease and assessment of the forehand circulation and its anatomic variations. Preoperative imaging of the RA is a means to avoid unnecessary forearm exploration or inadvertent use of a diseased conduit in coronary artery bypass candidates with multiple risk factors such as diabetes mellitus.
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Liu, Huan, Ning-Yu Ru, Yue Cai, Qiang Lyu, Chi-Hua Guo, Ying Zhou, Shao-Hua Li, et al. "The OPG/RANKL/RANK system modulates calcification of common carotid artery in simulated microgravity rats by regulating NF-κB pathway." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 100, no. 4 (April 2022): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2021-0329.
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Functional and structural adaptation of common carotid artery could be one of the important causes of postflight orthostatic intolerance after microgravity exposure, the mechanisms of which remain unclear. Recent evidence indicates that long-term spaceflight increases carotid artery stiffness, which might present a high risk to astronaut health and postflight working ability. Studies have suggested that vascular calcification is a common pathological change in cardiovascular diseases that is mainly manifested as an increase in vascular stiffness. Therefore, this study investigated whether simulated microgravity induces calcification of common carotid artery and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Four-week-old hindlimb-unweighted (HU) rats were used to simulate the deconditioning effects of microgravity on cardiovascular system. We found that simulated microgravity induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteogenic differentiation and medial calcification, increased receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) and RANK expression, and enhanced NF-κB activation in rat common carotid artery. In vitro activation of the RANK pathway with exogenous RANKL, a RANK ligand, increased RANK and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in HU rats. Moreover, the expression of osteogenic markers and activation of NF-κB in HU rats were further enhanced by exogenous RANKL but suppressed by the RANK inhibitor osteoprotegerin fusion protein (OPG-Fc). These results indicated that the OPG/RANKL/RANK system modulates VSMC osteogenic differentiation and medial calcification of common carotid artery in simulated microgravity rats by regulating the NF-kB pathway.
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Happy, Happy, S. M. Ear E-Mahabub, Nazir Uddin Mollah, Md Emran Hossain, Dr Halima Khatun, and Md Magfur Rahman. "Breast Arterial Calcification on Mammography and Risk of Coronary Artery Disease." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 10, no. 5 (May 24, 2022): 810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2022.v10i05.023.
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Background: Breast arterial calcification (BAC) is generally detected on screening mammography which shows medial calcification of the mammary arteries. On the other hand, CAD is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. BAC is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease specially in patients who underwent screening mammography. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational study that was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University. Dhaka. Bangladesh during the period of January 2018- December 2022. The sample size for this study was 70. Result: The mean ±SD age of the respondents who underwent mammography was 58± 8 years where who had breast arterial calcification it was 62±7 years. Total cholesterol was 5.1±1.9 and 5.2±2.0, ASSIGN score was in 15±10.8 and 18.1±11.0, coronary artery calcium score was in 0(0,52) and 13 (0, 107), any coronary artery disease on CCTA was in 35(50%) and 7(58.3%), obstructive coronary artery disease on CCTA was in 10(14.3%) and 2(16.7%) cases. Coronary artery calcification 5 was found in TP, 14 was in TN, 3 was in FP, 14 was in FN, 2 was in sensitivity, 7 was in specificity, 6 was in PPV, 5 was in NPV and .545 was in AUC and followed by coronary artery calcification (>400 AU) was in 1, 27, 8, 1, 3, 6, 1, 9 and 0.554, any coronary artery disease on CCTA was in 5, 14, 3, 14, 2, 7, 6, 5 and 0.546, obstructive coronary artery disease on CCTA was in 2, 25, 7, 4, 3, 7, 2, 8 and 0.556. Conclusion: BAC on mammography is a potential woman-specific risk predictor for CAD and is also related to the growth of coronary atherosclerosis proven by CCTA having important clinical implications. BAC is also strongly associated with the development of CAC and CAP.
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Niskanen, L., O. Siitonen, M. Suhonen, and M. I. Uusitupa. "Medial Artery Calcification Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With NIDDM." Diabetes Care 17, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 1252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.17.11.1252.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Medial artery calcification"
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Teyssières, Salle Laurence. "Artériopathie des membres inférieurs chez le patient vivant avec un diabète de type 2 : marqueurs du risque et impact des thérapeutiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0031.
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Malgré les avancées diagnostiques et thérapeutiques dans la prise en charge de la maladie cardio-vasculaire, celle-ci reste la première cause de mortalité chez le sujet vivant avec un diabète de type 2 (DT2). Cependant, l’artériopathie des membres inférieurs reste sous-diagnostiquée et sous-traitée alors que le diabète expose à des formes plus atypiques, plus précoces et plus graves. Chez le sujet porteur de DT2, la mesure de l’index de pression systolique (IPS), l’outil de dépistage validé, peut être pris en défaut en raison de la présence de médiacalcose (MAC). Dans une population de 1119 sujets porteurs de DT2 asymptomatiques, nous avons montré que la présence de MAC détectée échographiquement était un facteur associé à la survenue des évènements cardio-vasculaires majeurs (MACE) et des évènements artériels périphériques (MALE) de façon indépendante de l’IPS. Sur l’ensemble de la cohorte, la présence de MAC apparait être un marqueur de risque plus robuste que l’IPS élevé, souvent utilisé comme un équivalent de MAC. Au-delà du dépistage et de l’estimation du risque, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’impact de différentes thérapeutiques sur le risque artériel périphérique du patient vivant avec un DT2. L’arrivée sur le marché de la classe des inhibiteurs du SGLT2 a relancé le débat sur le lien diurétiques et risque artériel périphérique. Notre méta-analyse effectuée sur 5 études a démontré une augmentation significative du risque d’amputation associé à l’utilisation de diurétiques (OR=1,73, p<0,001). Nous avons par la suite effectué une étude rétrospective et observationnelle chez 1309 sujets vivant avec un DT2. En analyse multivariée, les diurétiques étaient significativement associés à la survenue du MALE, après ajustement sur le score de propension (aHR=1,66 ; 1,08-2,56, p=0,020) et pondération inverse de probabilité du traitement (aHR=1,76 ; 1,67-1,84, p<0,001). En analyse en sous-groupe, le risque de MALE sous diurétique était significativement augmenté en cas d’IPS anormal (<0,90 ou 1,40) (aHR=2,29, p d’interaction=0,02), sous diurétiques de l’anse ou thiazidiques mais pas sous diurétiques épargneurs de potassium. La troisième partie du travail a porté sur l’étude du registre XATOA chez le sujet porteur de diabète. L’essai COMPASS a montré le bénéfice d’un traitement combiné anti-agrégation plaquettaire et rivaroxaban (2.5mg 2 fois par jour) sur les MACE et les MALE chez des sujets porteurs de maladie cardio-vasculaire. Ces résultats ont été confirmé par les données de vraie vie du registre XATOA. Les situations d’initiation d’une double inhibition étaient identiques entre les patients diabétiques et non diabétiques. Le bénéfice sur le MACE et le MALE était superposable à celui observé dans l’essai COMPASS. L’ensemble de notre travail a donc mis en lumière la nécessité d’évaluer le risque artériel périphérique chez le sujet vivant avec un DT2, d’utiliser les outils appropriés à son évaluation et de définir les thérapeutiques adaptées au niveau de risqueDespite diagnostic and therapeutic advances in the management of cardiovascular disease, it remains the leading cause of mortality in people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D). While coronary artery disease is increasingly screened for and managed optimally, peripheral artery disease remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, despite diabetes predisposes to more atypical, earlier, and severe forms. In individuals with T2D, the measurement of the ankle-brachial index (ABI), a validated screening tool, may be biased due to the presence of medial arterial calcification (MAC). In a population of 1119 asymptomatic patients with T2D, we demonstrated that the presence of ultrasound-detected MAC was independently associated with the occurrence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) and Major Adverse Lower limb Events (MALE), regardless of the ABI. In the entire cohort, MAC appears as a better risk predictor than high ABI, often considered as a proxy for MAC. Beyond screening and risk estimation, we investigated the impact of different therapies on the peripheral arterial risk of patients living with T2D. The introduction of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, with proven cardio-renal protective effects, re-launched the debate on the link between diuretics and peripheral arterial risk. Our group's meta-analysis highlighted the need to expand literature. Among the 5 included studies, we showed a significant increase in the risk of amputation associated with diuretic use (OR=1.73, p<0.001). Subsequently, we conducted a retrospective observational study involving 1309 patients with T2D. In multivariable analysis, diuretics were significantly associated with the occurrence of MALE after adjustment for propensity score (aHR=1.66; 1.08-2.56, p=0.020) and inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis (aHR=1.76; 1.67-1.84, p<0.001). We identified at-risk profiles with diuretics treatment. In subgroup analysis, the risk of MALE with diuretics was significantly increased with abnormal ABI (<0.90 or 1.40) (aHR=2.29, interaction p=0.02). Loop or thiazide diuretics were associated with an increased risk, but not potassium-sparing diuretics. The third part of the work focused on the XATOA registry in patients with diabetes. The COMPASS trial demonstrated the benefit of double antithrombotic therapy (aspirin and rivaroxaban 2.5mg twice daily) on MACE and MALE in patients with stable cardiovascular disease. The results of this randomized controlled trial were confirmed by real-life data from the XATOA registry. The decisions that drive to double antithrombotic therapy prescription werecomparable between diabetic and non diabetic patients. The benefit on MACE and MALE was similar to that observed in the COMPASS trial.Our work highlights the need to assess peripheral arterial risk in people with T2D, use appropriate assessment tools and define therapies suited to the level of risk
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Zhou, Bo. "DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF CORONARY CALCIUM FROMDUAL ENERGY CHEST X-RAYS: PHANTOM FEASIBILITY STUDY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1481216785398625.
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Laurinavicius, Antonio Gabriele. "Avaliação da aterosclerose subclínica em portadores de HDL-colesterol marcadamente elevado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-06062016-103124/.
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O HDL-c é um fator de risco cardiovascular negativo e sua concentração plasmática apresenta relação inversa com a incidência de eventos cardiovasculares. Entretanto, as evidências relativas ao grupo de indivíduos com níveis de HDL-c acima do percentil 95 da população geral ainda são escassas e o impacto da hiperalfalipoproteinemia (HALP) sobre o risco cardiovascular continua representando motivo de controvérsia na literatura médica. Alguns estudos em populações específicas associam a HALP a aumento do risco cardiovascular. Ao mesmo tempo, outros estudos identificaram populações de indivíduos hipoalfalipoproteinêmicos com marcada longevidade. Assim, demonstrou-se aparente dissociação entre níveis de HDL-c e risco cardiovascular em determinadas populações, reconduzível a aspectos disfuncionais da HDL. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o papel da HALP na determinação do risco cardiovascular; comparar a prevalência de doença cardiovascular subclínica, avaliada por meio da quantificação ultrassonográfica da Espessura Íntimo-Medial Carotídea (EIMC), entre portadores de HDL-c >= 90mg/dL (grupo HALP) e portadores de concentrações de HDL-c atualmente consideradas normais (entre 40 e 50mg/dL para os homens e entre 50 e 60mg/dL para as mulheres); e avaliar características e função da HDL em portadores de HALP por meio do estudo de sua composição, de sua capacidade de efluxo de colesterol, e de sua atividade anti-inflamatória e antioxidante, correlacionando estas características com a presença de doença cardiovascular subclínica avaliada por meio da determinação da EIMC, da Velocidade de Onda de Pulso (VOP) e da presença de Calcificação Arterial Coronariana (CAC) avaliada pela TCMD. Para responder estas perguntas, o presente estudo foi articulado em dois braços: Braço 1: Análise da coorte do estudo ELSA com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência de HALP em uma população geral; definir o perfil demográfico, antropométrico e metabólico dos portadores de HALP; e comparar a prevalência de doença vascular subclínica deste grupo com controles da mesma coorte com níveis normais de HDL-colesterol. Braço 2: Recrutamento de 80 voluntários hígidos e portadores de HALP para avaliação da correlação entre presença de doença vascular subclínica, e aspectos estruturais e funcionais da HDL. Em seus dois braços, o estudo levou a quatro conclusões principais: 1) Níveis marcadamente elevados de HDL-c estão associados a menor espessura íntimo-medial carotídea quando comparados a níveis de HDL-c considerados normais pelas diretrizes vigentes. Embora portadores do fenótipo HALP apresentem, como grupo, um perfil metabólico mais favorável que o encontrado em indivíduos com HDL-c normal, a associação entre EIMC e HALP foi independente dos fatores de risco tradicionais, indicando que a menor prevalência destes últimos em portadores de HDL-c marcadamente elevado justifica apenas parcialmente a menor prevalência de doença vascular subclínica neste grupo; 2) Embora a HALP se apresente como um fenótipo ateroprotetor, há indivíduos com níveis marcadamente elevados de HDL-c que evoluem com doença cardiovascular, clínica ou subclínica. Neste contexto, nossos resultados indicam correlação entre os três métodos avaliados para estudar doença vascular subclínica em portadores de HALP: EIMC, VOP e CAC; 3) Os fatores de risco tradicionais continuam exercendo seu peso na determinação do risco cardiovascular em portadores de HALP. Idade, tabagismo, hipertensão arterial, hipertrigliceridemia e altos níveis de LDL-c apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com a presença de doença vascular subclínica no grupo estudado; 4) A avaliação da composição e da função da HDL em portadores de HALP pode permitir identificar indivíduos especificamente mais suscetíveis à aterosclerose. Nossos resultados indicam que, em particular, a atividade anti-inflamatória da HDL, avaliada pela capacidade de inibição da produção de IL-6; o efluxo de colesterol e a capacidade de transferência de triglicérides apresentaram associação independente com menor espessura íntimo-medial carotídea em portadores de HALP, enquanto níveis mais altos de Apo A-IV se associaram a maior grau de doença cardiovascular subclínicaHDL-c is a negative cardiovascular risk factor and its plasma concentration is inversely related to the incidence of cardiovascular events. However, evidence of benefit among subjects with HDL-c levels above the 95th percentile of the general population is still scarce and the impact of hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HALP) on cardiovascular risk continues to represent matter of debate in the medical literature. Some studies with specific populations indicated an increased cardiovascular risk associated with HALP. In addition, other reports identified groups of patients with marked hypoalphalipoproteinemia and longevity. Hence, there could be a dissociation between HDL-c levels and cardiovascular risk in certain populations, possibly due to dysfunctional HDL particles. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HALP phenotype in determining cardiovascular risk; to compare the prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular disease, assessed by ultrasound measurement of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) among patients with HDL-c >= 90mg/dL (HALP group) and patients with HDL-c currently considered normal (40-50mg/dL for men and 50-60mg/dL for women); and to evaluate HDL functionality in patients with HALP through the study of its composition, its cholesterol efflux capacity, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity; correlating those characteristics with the presence of subclinical cardiovascular disease assessed by CIMT, Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) and Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC). To answer these questions, the present study was articulated into two arms: Arm 1: ELSA-Brasil study cohort analysis in order to assess HALP prevalence in a general population, defining demographic, anthropometric and metabolic profile of HALP individuals; and comparing the prevalence of subclinical vascular disease among HALP subjects with controls with normal HDL-c. Arm 2: Recruitment of 80 healthy volunteers with HALP to study the correlation between subclinical vascular disease and HDL functionality in this group. Our study led to four main conclusions: 1) markedly elevated HDL-c is associated with lower CIMT compared to the control group with normal HDL-c levels. Although individuals with HALP display a more favorable metabolic profile than subjects with normal HDL-c, the association between CIMT and HALP was independent of traditional risk factors, indicating that the lower prevalence of subclinical vascular disease in this group is only partially justified by the lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors; 2) Although HALP can be regarded as an atheroprotective phenotype, there are individuals with markedly elevated levels of HDL-c who develop cardiovascular disease. Our results indicate good correlation of the three methods here adopted to study subclinical vascular disease among HALP patients: CIMT, VOP and CAC; 3) Traditional risk factors continue to exert their weight in determining cardiovascular risk in patients with HALP. Age, smoking, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and high levels of LDL-c were significantly associated with the presence of subclinical vascular disease among HALP individuals; 4) the assessment of the HDL composition and functionality in patients with HALP may allow to identify individuals specifically more susceptible to atherosclerosis. Our results indicate that, in particular, cholesterol efflux capacity, the anti-inflammatory activity of HDL, and triglyceride transfer capacity were independently associated with lower CIMT in HALP individuals, while higher levels of Apo A-IV were associated with a greater burden of subclinical cardiovascular disease
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Miranda, Érique José Peixoto de. "Associação entre doença tireoidiana subclínica, aterosclerose coronariana, índice de espessura de médio-íntima carotídea e rigidez arterial aórtica em análise transversal do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5169/tde-19062017-154141/.
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Introdução: Doenças tireoidianas subclínicas incluem hipotireoidismo e hipertireoidismo subclínicos. A associação entre doença tireoidiana subclínica e morbimortalidade cardiovascular é controversa e os dados sobre a relação entre essas condições clínicas e aterosclerose subclínica são escassos. Objetivos: Este estudo objetiva avaliar a associação entre doença tireoidiana subclínica, calcificação arterial coronariana (CAC), doença arterial coronariana (DAC), índice de espessura de médio-íntima carotídea média (IMT) e velocidade de onda de pulso carotídeo-femoral (cf-VOP) no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Métodos: Incluímos sujeitos eutireóideos, definidos como tendo TSH entre 0,4 e 4,0 mUI/L e T4L entre 0,8 e 1,9ng/dL, indivíduos com hipotireoidismo subclínico, definido como TSH > 4,0 mUI/L e T4L normal, e hipertireoidismo subclínico, definido como TSH < 0,4 mUI/L e T4L normal. Excluímos os indivíduos com as demais disfunções tireoidianas, em uso de medicação que altera a função tireoidiana, e com doença cardiovascular prévia. Na análise de angiotomografia, excluímos também os sujeitos com hipertireoidismo subclínico pelo pequeno número que impedia a análise e, na análise de cf-VOP, doença renal crônica, indivíduos em uso de diuréticos e de anti-hipertensivos. As associações entre quintis de TSH, CAC > 100 e DAC foram avaliadas por regressão logística e as associações entre IMT, VOP (como variáveis contínuas ou categorizadas com ponto de corte no percentil 75 amostral) e níveis de TSH ou doenças tireoidianas subclínicas foram avaliadas por regressões logísticas e lineares multivariadas. Todos os modelos foram ajustados por variáveis demográficas e fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Resultados: A análise de CAC incluiu 3.836 sujeitos, mediana de idade de 49 anos (IQR=44-56), 1.999 (52,1%) mulheres. CAC > 100 associou-se independentemente com o primeiro quintil (OR ajustado=1,57, IC 95%=1,05-2,35, P=0,027), usando o terceiro como referência. Na análise de angiotomografia, foram incluídos 796 sujeitos, mediana de idade de 55 anos (IQR=48-60 anos), 406 (51%) mulheres. O primeiro quintil associou-se independentemente com CAC (OR ajustado=1,76, IC 95%=1,09-2,82, P= 0,02), DAC (OR ajustado=1,73, IC 95%=1,08-2,79, P=0,023), mas não com extensão de doença. Na análise de IMT, foram incluídos 8.623 sujeitos, mediana de idade de 50 anos (IQR=45-57 anos), 4.624 (53,6%) mulheres, na subanálise de hipotireoidismo subclínico, e 8.193, com mediana de idade de 50 anos (IQR=44-57 anos), 4.382 (53,5%) mulheres, na subanálise de hipertireoidismo subclínico. Hipotireoidismo subclínico, mas não hipertireoidismo subclínico, associou-se ao IMT como variável contínua (beta=0,010, IC 95%=0,0004-0,019, P=0,041) e categorizado no percentil 75 ajustado para sexo, idade e raça (OR ajustado=1,30, IC95%=1,07-1,61, P=0,010). Na análise de cf-VOP, foram incluídos 8.341 sujeitos, mediana de idade de 50 anos (IQR=44-56 anos), 4.383 (52,5%) mulheres, na subanálise de hipotireoidismo subclínico, e 7.790, mediana de idade de 50 anos (IQR=44-57 anos), 4.191 (53,8%) mulheres, na subanálise de hipertireoidismo subclínico. Cf-VOP não se associou com doença tireoidiana subclínica. Conclusões: Em análises diferentes, CAC e DAC associaram-se com primeiro quintil de TSH usando-se o terceiro como referência. O IMT associou-se com hipotireoidismo subclínico e a cf-VOP não se associou com disfunção tireoidiana subclínicaIntroduction: Subclinical thyroid disease includes subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Association between subclinical thyroid disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is controversial and data about the relationship between those clinical conditions and subclinical atherosclerosis is scarce. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association between subclinical thyroid disease, coronary artery calcification (CAC), coronary artery disease (CAD), mean common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods: We included euthyroid subjects, defined as TSH between 0.4 and 4.0 mIU/l and FT4 between 0.8 and 1.9 ng/dL, and individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as TSH > 4.0 mIU/l and normal FT4, and subclinical hyperthyroidism, defined as TSH < 0.4 mIU/L and normal FT4. We excluded individuals with other thyroid disorders, subjects who used medication that altered thyroid function, subjects with past of cardiovascular disease. In computed angiotomography analysis, we have excluded subjects with subclinical hyperthyroidism because of the small sample, and in cf-PWV analysis, we have excluded individuals with chronic kidney disease, use of anti-hypertensive and diuretics. The association between TSH quintiles was evaluated in logistic regression models for CAC and CAD, and the association between IMT, cf-PWV (as continuous variables or as factor, categorized at 75th sample\'s percentile) and TSH levels or subclinical thyroid diseases was evaluated by multivariate logistic and linear regression models. All models were adjusted for demographic variables and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: CAC analysis included 3,836 subjects, median of age 49 years (IQR=44-56), 1,999 (52.1%) women. CAC > 100 was independently associated with first quintile of TSH, using the third quintile as the reference (adjusted OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.05-2.35, P=0.027). Computed angiotomography analysis included 796 subjects, median of age 55 years (IQR=48-60), 406 (51%) women. CAD and CAC > 0 was independently associated with first quintile in comparison with third quintile (adjusted OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.08-2.79, P=0.023 and adjusted OR=1.76, 95% CI=1.09-2.82, P= 0.02, respectively), but not with burden of disease. In IMT analysis, 8,623 subjects were included, median of age 50 years (IQR=45-57 years), 4,624 (53.6%) women in the subclinical hypothyroidism subanalysis, and 8,193, median age 50 years (IQR = 44-57 years), 4,382 (53.5%) women, in the subclinical hyperthyroidism subanalysis. Subclinical hypothyroidism, but not subclinical hyperthyroidism, was independently associated with IMT as continuous variable (beta=0.010, IC 95%=0.0004-0.019, P=0.041) or as factor categorized at 75th percentile adjusted for age, sex and race (adjusted OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.07-1.61, P=0.010). In cf-PWV analysis, 8,341 subjects were included, median of age 50 years (IQR=44-56 years), 4,383 (52.5%) women in the subclinical hypothyroidism subanalysis, and 7,790, median age 50 years (IQR = 44-57 years), 4,191 (53.8%) women in subclinical hyperthyroidism subanalysis. Cf- PWV was not associated with subclinical thyroid disease. Conclusion: In separated analysis, CAC and CAD was independently associated with first quintile of TSH using the third as the reference; IMT was independently associated with subclinical hypothyroidism, and cf-PWV was not associated with subclinical thyroid diseases
Books on the topic "Medial artery calcification"
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Holbrook, Anna I. Vascular Calcifications. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0034.
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Vascular calcifications lie within the artery wall, and appear to be linear, usually in association with blood vessels. The parallel or “tram-track” appearance of the calcifications in opposite walls of the artery is pathognomonic. They are more prevalent with age. They are also associated with diabetes, renal disease, hyperparathyroidism, parity, and history of lactation, and possibly, cardiovascular disease. Vascular calcifications in the breast are within the arterial wall media, where they are known as Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis. This chapter reviews the key imaging features, imaging protocols, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations for vascular calcifications. Topics discussed include demographics and comorbidities, linear calcifications, and diagnostic workup.
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Covic, Adrian, Mugurel Apetrii, Luminita Voroneanu, and David J. Goldsmith. Vascular calcification. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0120_update_001.
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Vascular calcification (VC) is a common feature of patients with advanced CKD and it could be, at least in part, the cause of increased cardiovascular mortality in these patients. From a morphologic point of view, there are at least two types of pathologic calcium phosphate deposition in the arterial wall—namely, intima calcification (mostly associated with atherosclerotic plaques) and media calcification (associated with stiffening of the vasculature, resulting in significantly adverse cardiovascular outcomes). Although VC was viewed initially as a passive phenomenon, it appears to be a cell-mediated, dynamic, and actively regulated process that closely resembles the formation of normal bone tissue, as discovered recently. VC seems to be the result of the dysregulation of the equilibrium between promoters and inhibitors. The determinants are mostly represented by altered calcium and phosphorus metabolism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D excess, high fibroblast growth factor 23, and high levels of indoxyl sulphate or leptin; meanwhile, the inhibitors are vitamin K, fetuin A, matrix G1a protein, osteoprotegerin, and pyrophosphate. A number of non-invasive imaging techniques are available to investigate cardiac and vascular calcification: plain X-rays, to identify macroscopic calcifications of the aorta and peripheral arteries; two-dimensional ultrasound for investigating the calcification of carotid arteries, femoral arteries, and aorta; echocardiography, for assessment of valvular calcification; and, of course, computed tomography technologies, which constitute the gold standard for quantification of coronary artery and aorta calcification. All these methods have a series of advantages and limitations. The treatment/ prevention of VC is currently mostly around calcium-mineral bone disease interventions, and unproven. There are interesting hypotheses around vitamin K, Magnesium, sodium thiosulphate and other potential agents.
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Levy, David. Macrovascular complications, hypertension, and lipids. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198766452.003.0008.
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Premature vascular disease is common in Type 1 diabetes, especially in women and those with long duration. Many studies have identified early vascular involvement, using carotid Doppler and coronary artery calcification. Symptoms of coronary heart disease are often absent or muted, and the best methods for identifying occult coronary heart disease in Type 1 patients are not known. The concept of ideal cardiovascular health is valuable in planning preventive lifestyle and medical interventions. ‘Essential’ hypertension in young Type 1 patients is common, and reflects increased arterial stiffness. Hypertension is invariable in patients with any degree of albuminuria or renal impairment. Statin treatment in patients over 40 years old is recommended, but the evidence base is weak. Statins and ezetimibe are the only agents of prognostic value currently available for prevention of vascular events. Primary prevention with aspirin needs individual assessment. Insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome is frequent in Type 1 diabetes.
Book chapters on the topic "Medial artery calcification"
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Kumar PK, Mithun, and Mohammad Motiur Rahman. "Calcifications Attenuation in Left Coronary Artery CT Images Using FDA Domain." In Medical Imaging, 1258–80. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0571-6.ch051.
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The calcification plaque is a one kind of artifacts or noises, which is occurred in the Computed Tomography (CT) images as a very high attenuation coefficient. Computed Tomography (CT) images are more helpful than other modalities (e.g. Ultrasonic Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) etc.) for disease diagnosis but unfortunately, CT image is an affected sometime by calcification plaque. Medical image segmentation cannot be optimum because of having calcification in the CT images, which is absolutely unexpected. The calcification plaque is the major problem for optimal organ segmentation and detection. This proposed task is a subjective as well as an effective for calcification alleviation from CT images. In this paper, Firstly, we applied the Fisher's Discriminant Analysis (FDA) for optimal threshold value estimation. Secondly, the proposed optimal threshold value is used for the optimal threshold image extraction. After this, the morphological operation is used for heavy calcification erosion and the XOR operation is used for adjusting the optimal threshold image with the input image. Finally, we implemented the Extra-Energy Reduction (EER) Function to smooth the desired image. Therefore, our investigated method is the most significant and articulate in order to attenuate calcification plaque from CT images.
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Messerli, Michael. "Thoracic great vessels." In EACVI Handbook of Cardiovascular CT, edited by Oliver Gaemperli, Pal Maurovich-Horvat, Koen Nieman, Gianluca Pontone, and Francesca Pugliese, 255–68. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192884459.003.0030.
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Abstract CT has evolved as the most important imaging tool for the assessment of the great thoracic vessels (i.e. the aortic and pulmonary arteries) owing to its fast acquisition time and high temporal/spatial resolution. Typical CT protocols of the aorta include a non-contrast phase, an arterial phase, as well as a venous phase in some circumstances. The non-contrast phase allows for the assessment of aortic calcifications, intramural haematoma, and surgical material; the arterial phase depicts the lumen of the aorta; and the venous phase may detect leakage of contrast media in the context of prior endovascular repair. Electrocardiogram gating improves image quality of the aortic root and ascending aorta, as artefacts from cardiac motion may mimic dissection flaps and generally degrade evaluation of these structures. Diseases of the pulmonary artery include pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension with arterial enlargement, and the rare pulmonary artery sarcoma.
Conference papers on the topic "Medial artery calcification"
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Delgado, Ana, Pengfei Dong, Mahyar Sameti, Vladislav N. Zimin, Juhwan Lee, Yazan Gharaibeh, Hiram G. Bezerra, David Wilson, Christopher Bashur, and Linxia Gu. "Mechanical Characterization of Calcificaiton in Diseased Coronary Artery with Atomic Force Microscope." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1055.
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Abstract In this work, the mechanical propertied of calcification in diseased coronary artery was evaluated with atomic force microscope (AFM). The heavily calcified coronary artery was harvest from a cadaver’s heart. The artery slices with thickness of 10 um were prepared with cryosectioning. Staining with Alizarin Red has been performed to highlight the calcification region. Results have shown that the calcified areas have a significant larger stiffness compared with the surrounding plaque and the media layer of a healthy artery. The calcification showed a heterogeneous property with larger deviation in stiffness distribution. The staining process affected the mechanical properties. Results will enhance the mechanical property database in the literature.
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Subramaniam, Dhananjay Radhakrishnan, and Mary Beth Kossuth. "Influence of Tissue Prestress and Calcification Levels on Iliac Balloon Angioplasty Biomechanics." In 2024 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2024-1040.
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Abstract Balloon angioplasty is a well-established technique to treat lesions in the common and external iliac arteries. A potential unfavorable post-operative outcome of this procedure is rupture of the diseased artery wall. The objective of our study was to virtually evaluate the biomechanical responses of the diseased iliac artery wall resulting from deployment of a balloon, using finite-element analysis. To achieve this, we created a three-dimensional, anatomically accurate finite-element model of the diseased iliac artery. We prestressed the artery wall and computed the balloon-expansion induced stresses in the artery and plaque for different calcification levels. Our analyses showed that the vessel wall prestress was one order of magnitude smaller than those resulting from balloon expansion. Interestingly, our analyses also showed that moderate calcification levels result in higher arterial stresses when compared to those arising from low and heavy calcification levels. The results of our computational study could potentially assist in enhancing the design characteristics of angioplasty balloons to minimize the risk of post-operative iliac artery rupture.
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Liu, Xiuming, Shice Wang, Yufeng Deng, and Kuan Chen. "Coronary artery calcification (CAC) classification with deep convolutional neural networks." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Samuel G. Armato and Nicholas A. Petrick. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2253974.
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Xie, Yiting, Matthew D. Cham, Claudia Henschke, David Yankelevitz, and Anthony P. Reeves. "Automated coronary artery calcification detection on low-dose chest CT images." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Stephen Aylward and Lubomir M. Hadjiiski. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2043840.
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Liu, Jiamin, Le Lu, Jianhua Yao, Mohammadhadi Bagheri, and Ronald M. Summers. "Pelvic artery calcification detection on CT scans using convolutional neural networks." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Samuel G. Armato and Nicholas A. Petrick. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2255247.
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Lazebnik, R. S., P. B. Sachs, and R. C. Gilkeson. "Improved detection of coronary artery calcifications using dual energy subtraction radiography." In Medical Imaging, edited by Yulei Jiang and Berkman Sahiner. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.709041.
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Xie, Yiting, Shuang Liu, Albert Miller, Jeffrey A. Miller, Steven Markowitz, Ali Akhund, and Anthony P. Reeves. "Coronary artery calcification identification and labeling in low-dose chest CT images." In SPIE Medical Imaging, edited by Samuel G. Armato and Nicholas A. Petrick. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2254125.
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DeVos, Amanda N., and Paul A. Iaizzo. "ANALYSES OF THE DEVICE-TISSUE INTERFACES OF PREVIOUSLY IMPLANTED STENTS WITHIN PERFUSION-FIXED HUMAN HEARTS UTIILIZING MICRO COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY." In 2023 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2023-4061.
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Abstract Coronary artery disease can be caused by partial or total occlusions of the coronaries, leading to cardiac ischemia. Today, the percutaneous implantation of stents is the most common treatment to open such blockages and thus restore oxygen delivery to the myocardium. Subsequent stent calcification or restenosis may hinder the effectiveness of these stents over time. The Visible Heart® Laboratories have a collection of 30 perfusion-fixed human hearts that had a total of 35 such intervention prior to organ donation. Micro computed tomography (micro CT) can be used to study the device-tissue interfaces of stents implanted up to decades prior to recovery. These procedures were scanned with approximately 40-micron resolution. Computational models were generated such that calcification and restenosis could be visualized and quantified. Within this unique data-set, there was a wide variety of stent length, location, and volume of calcification present. Although 90% of the cases had varying degree of calcification present outside the stent only 11% showed any degree of restenosis. This is a unique research opportunity to micro CT scan 35 cases of therapeutically implanted stents in perfusion-fixed specimens. Extensive visualizations and analyses can be performed on generated computational 3D models, so to provide for better understanding of the variations within the device-tissue interfaces of therapeutically implanted stents.
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Svane, Jakob, Tomasz Wiktorski, Trygve Eftestøl, and Stein Ørn. "Machine Learning Methods For Classification of Individuals With Coronary Artery Calcification." In 2024 IEEE 37th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cbms61543.2024.00013.
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Dehlin, M. I., P. Drivelegka, V. Sigurdardottir, O. Angerås, L. T. Jacobsson, and H. Forsblad d’Elia. "FRI0228 Urate correlates to coronary artery calcification but not to intima media thickness." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.1973.
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