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White, Philippa Anne Reynolds. "Representations of children in a monopoly print medium." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0104.
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This research explores the representation of children and young people in a newspaper. The objective was to develop a 'case study' profile of representations in a monopoly daily newspaper in a geographically-isolated Australian capital city. News content with a primary focus on people aged zero to eighteen years was collected for a 12-month period, and analysed from a constructionist perspective, using agenda-setting, news source, media framing and critical linguistics media analysis techniques. Distinctive features of the research design include the combination of these four analytic techniques and the breadth of the age cohort in the research sample. A large body of research literature is used to 'benchmark' the primary analysis of data, and to inform the analyses of age, 'race' and gender. These data are consolidated in three thematic frames: the Promotional Child, Victim Child and Deviant Child, which underpin the aggregated profile of representations developed in this research. Numerous images are reproduced from the research sample and appear throughout the thesis, embedded in relevant discussions. The concluding chapter of the thesis foregrounds a perception of children as voiceless, vulnerable and violent characters, featured in a discourse on social control. Key observations highlighted in this research include disparities in the degree of overt vernacular criticism applied to children and other minority population groups; and the over-representation of marginalised cohorts in compromising newspaper images. The extensive use of children in promotional contexts appears to be partially obscured by the altruistic function of non-commercial promotions and advocacy campaigns. 'Collisions' between altruistic values and news values were found to be predictive of outcomes coinciding with the interests of a target audience; negative outcomes for socially disadvantaged children; and consistent 'collateral benefits' for the news medium seemingly regardless of outcomes experienced by other stakeholders.
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Anter, Miro. "Refugee children or Afghan men? - A critical discourse analysis of representations of unaccompanied youth in Swedish newspapers." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-396171.
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Hodges-Popova, Mary Margaret. "Mandela's Children and Youth Day: Representations of National Identity in South African News Media." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196077.
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Following the demise of apartheid, legislative, political and social practices were dramatically changed to promote equality and shared access for all South Africans. Newspapers and other mass media texts give insight to the co-construction of ethnic identity post-apartheid and evidence the emergence of a new dominant cultural narrative. In this new dominant cultural narrative, the trope of a colorblind national identity is frequently referenced. Another key component in this narrative construction is the memorialization of past traumatic events. This dissertation examines the news coverage of the 30th anniversary of the Soweto Uprisings, which occurred on June 16, 2006. The Soweto Uprisings will be framed as a "cultural trauma" (Alexander et al., 2004) and methods of critical discourse analysis will be used to examine the public construction of national identity in the post-apartheid era.The following questions guide the analysis of news media discourse: What changes to the South African national identity are evidenced in news stories covering the anniversary of the Soweto Uprisings? Do racially distinctive communities participate equally in the creation of this media discourse? In what ways are South African ethnic minorities "othered" in news features? How did/does the dominant cultural narrative evidenced in the media discourse influence the construction and management of racial identities in the larger context of South African society? The examination of the co-construction of national and racial identities in these news features draws upon an amalgamation of CDA methodologies outlined in Fairclough (1995, 1999), van Dijk (1988, 1991), and Wodak (Wodak & Weiss, Eds., 2003). The creation and re-creation of a shared history from the collective trauma of forcefully imposed, restrictive racialized communities is a dimension of national identity construction saliently evidenced by changes in the public discourse or dominant/counter narratives. Media discourse illustrates the emergence of colorblind national identity as the desirable, or default, national identity in post-apartheid South Africa and highlights the journalistic role in the creation and management of racial and national identities, liberation narratives, and reconciliatory discourses.
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Hay, Stephanie A. "Sesame Street and the media the environments, frames, and representations contributing to success /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2003. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1058215112.
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Tamm, Maare. "The semiotic function : studies in children's representations." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65879.
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The main purpose of this thesis was to explore if there existed one single underlying semiotic function for representation. The problem was examined from both a theoretical and an empirical point of view. In the first part of this thesis the theoretical considerations about Piaget's hypothesis of a single semiotic function are described and compared with a number of alternative approaches. The hypothesis is critically analyzed and its limitations are pointed out. In the second part of this thesis the empirical studies are reported. One of the guiding lines for the experiments performed was the distinction made by Piaget between figurative and operative aspects of representation. The main conclusions to be drawn from the four studies were that they all supported, however tentatively, Piagets hypothesis of a single underlying semiotic function. In terms of figurative and operative aspects of cognition it was concluded that the underlying form (the operative aspect) at different ages is constant across the different representation modes. The differences found in the figurative aspect of representation were bound to the representation media, and could vary as a function of media, task demands and individual differences. In the third part of this thesis problems with representation media and task demands are discussed together with research in related areas of the semiotic function. The general conclusions drawns from this thesis were that there might exist a single underlying semiotic function for representation. The issue is neither simple nor uncomplicated. The distinction made between the figurative and operative aspect of representation is considered as one attempt to narrow down the generality of the hypothesis, and to distinguish between what is expected to be a universal aspect of the semiotic function and what varies as a function of media, task demands and individual-, social- , and cultural differences.digitalisering@umu
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McGraw, Tammy M. "The Effects of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Stimuli on Spatial Representation in Drawings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30315.
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Visual learning experiences are becoming increasingly prevalent in education as symbols, imagery and simulations replace traditional text-based materials. Although the utilization of images for instructional purposes is not a new occurrence, most images used in instruction have been two-dimensional representations, giving learners little experience working with three-dimensional images. Little research has been done to explain the effects of two-dimensional and three-dimensional stimuli on the learning process.
This study examined the effects of two-dimensional and three-dimensional stimuli on spatial representation in drawings. Through the use of stereopsis, a scene was projected as both a two-dimensional image and as a three-dimensional image. Students wore polarizing glasses to enable them to perceive the superimposed images as a three-dimensional scene; whereas a single slide was projected when the image was to be perceived as a two-dimensional scene. Four test groups were established from eighth grade students who elected to take art. Participants in Group A were ask to draw the scene from the two-dimensional stimulus and, a week later, from the three-dimensional stimulus. Group B was asked to draw the scene from the three-dimensional stimulus and, a week later, from the two-dimensional stimulus. Group C drew only from the two-dimensional stimulus while Group D drew only from the three-dimensional stimulus.
In all groups, participants were asked to draw the scene as realistically as possible using a graphite pencil. The completed drawings were evaluated for evidence of spatial cues and the students' perception and response to spatial information.Ph. D.
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Ferruzzi, Gabriela Amorin [UNESP]. "As representações sociais sobre o consumo infantil de mães e crianças de Álvares Machado e suas relações com a propaganda televisiva." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152430.
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A presente pesquisa, inscrita na linha de pesquisa “Processos formativos, ensino e aprendizagem” do programa de Pós - Graduação em Educação da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Presidente Prudente, teve por objetivo geral identificar e analisar as representações sociais do consumo infantil para mães e crianças no município de Álvares Machado e suas possíveis relações com a propaganda televisiva. Para alcançar tal objetivo, foram delineados os seguintes objetivos específicos: identificar e analisar as representações sociais das mães sobre a propaganda dirigida às crianças; identificar e analisar as representações sociais de crianças sobre a propaganda dirigida a elas; identificar e analisar as representações sociais de mães sobre o consumo/consumismo infantil e identificar e analisar as representações sociais de crianças sobre o consumo/consumismo infantil. O estudo se justifica como uma possibilidade para compreender o papel das mídias e da família para estabelecer noções de consumo e consumismo em crianças de sete a nove anos, permitindo refletir sobre quais são as representações sociais estabelecidas sobre o consumo e de como elas se manifestam na percepção da criança entre diferenciar o supérfluo do necessário ao se realizar uma compra. A pesquisa assumiu uma abordagem qualitativa, com características do tipo descritivo-explicativo e se dividiu em duas fases de coleta de dados: aplicação de questionários às mães e entrevistas semiestruturadas com crianças de escolas pública e privada da cidade de Álvares Machado. A análise dos dados se deu por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo de L. Bardin. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que as mães machadenses tem a representação do consumo atrelada com a propaganda infantil televisiva, e esta se apresenta com recursos apelativos na intenção de interferir no modo consumo de seus filhos. No entanto, a maioria afirmou que se consideram e consideram seus filhos como consumidores, uma vez que, só realizam compras necessárias. Sobre as crianças, a pesquisa revelou que elas raramente ouvem falar em consumo/consumismo no sentido de comprar ou consumir em excesso, pois apresentaram pouco conhecimento em relação a estes termos e nas poucas vezes que conseguiram fazer alguma associação com essa palavra foi no sentido de consumir (gastar) água ou energia. Já em relação à propaganda infantil, a maior parte das crianças disse que costuma prestar atenção e pedir para os pais comprarem os itens que são divulgados. Dessa forma, os resultados da pesquisa apontam que mesmo diante dos inúmeros debates acerca das propagandas infantis elas fazem parte do cotidiano das crianças e cabe a nós, professores e pais, a função de alertá-las sobre as estratégias mercadológicas que visam apenas o consumismo e prepará-las para um consumo consciente, por meio de uma educação voltada a uma leitura crítica dos meios.
The present research, enrolled in the research line "Formative processes, teaching and learning" of the Post-Graduation Program in Education of the Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus of Presidente Prudente, had the general objective to identify and analyze the social representations of the infantile consumption for mothers and children in Álvares Machado city and their possible relations with television advertising. In order to achieve this goal, the following specific objectives were outlined: identifying and analyzing the mothers' social representations about advertising directed at children; identifying and analyzing the social representations of children about advertising directed at them; identifying and analyzing the social representations of mothers about child consumption / consumerism and identify and analyze the social representations of children about child consumption / consumerism. The study is justified as a possibility to understand the role of the media and the family to establish notions of consumption and consumerism in children of seven to nine years, allowing to reflect on what are the established social representations about consumption and how they are manifested in the perception of the child between differentiating the superfluous from the necessary when making a purchase. The research took a qualitative approach, with characteristics of the descriptive-explanatory type and was divided into two phases of data collection: questionnaire application to mothers and semi-structured interviews with children from public and private schools in Álvares Machado. The analysis of the data was done through the technique of content analysis of L. Bardin. The results of the research indicate that mothers in Alvares Machado have the representation of consumption linked to television advertising for children, and this presents appealing resources in order to interfere in the consumption mode of their children. However, most stated that they consider themselves and their children as consumers, since they only make necessary purchases. Of the children, the research revealed that they rarely hear of consumption / consumerism in the sense of buying or consuming in excess, because they had little knowledge about these terms and in the few times that they could make any association with that word was in the sense of consume (spend) water or energy. Concerning child advertising, most children said they usually pay attention and ask their parents to buy the items that are advertised. Thus, the research results point out that even in the face of countless debates about children's advertisements, they are part of children's daily lives, and it is up to us, teachers and parents, to alert them to marketing strategies that aim only at consumerism and to prepare them for a conscious consumption, through an education directed to a critical reading of the means.
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Payne, Georgina. "After the panic : an investigation of the relationship between the reporting and remembering of child related crime." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16783.
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This thesis considers why some crimes persist beyond the moment of newsworthiness and how they are able to transcend this period of intense reporting to become a feature of popular memory. The central argument is that the popular memory of a crime is built up over time through a synthesis of public discourses, which are predominantly developed in news reporting, people s everyday experience and the normative social frameworks of everyday life. A temporally sensitive analysis of two case studies, the murder of James Bulger and the murder of Sarah Payne, tests this hypothesis by exploring the connections and disconnections between the ongoing reporting of these crimes and the remembering of them. The study finds that the personal past and public discourse intertwine in remembered accounts of these crimes and considers that this is evidence of the ways audiences utilise crime news as an imaginative resource for understanding crime and criminality more broadly. It can thus be said that audiences use the news to frame, but not define their understandings of the world around us.
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Sass, Eddy. "Re-Constructing the Image of the Voluntarily Childfree: An Ethnographic Exploration of Media Representation and the Childless by Choice." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000424.
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Wennerhov, Hanna. "Konstruktionen av "ensamkommande barn" i regional media : en diskursanalys av representationer, i ljuset av "flyktingkrisen" 2015." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64784.
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Author: Hanna Wennerhov Title: The construction of “unaccompanied children” in regional media – a discourse analysis of representation, in the light of the “refugee crisis” 2015 [Translated title] Supervisor: Barzoo Eliassi Assessor: Ulf Drugge The purpose of this study was to problematize how unaccompanied children were depicted in news articles in regional media, in the light of the so called “refugee crisis” of 2015. 18 news articles concerning unaccompanied children have been analysed from a social constructive perspective, using discourse theory, the concept of representation and Michel Foucault’s perspective on power. Through this analysis, I have been able to identify two main discourses, where unaccompanied children were represented mostly by individuals in power position. The category was thus represented in two diverse ways, on the one hand as exposed and in need of help and protection, on the other hand as encumbering to the society. They were at the same time depicted as a homogenous group, passive in relation to the surrounding society. I have further been able to illustrate how unaccompanied children were being excluded from the discourses, through their limited participation and opportunity to represent themselves through the articles. When given this opportunity in one of the articles, four young people categorised as “unaccompanied children” represented the category as active, responsible individuals, thus presenting an alternative portrayal of unaccompanied children. With this study, I aimed to gain a deeper understanding of what kind of portrayals of unaccompanied children that may have become a premise from which people think of and treat these young people. I also aimed to raise awareness of how the power of medias portrayal of diverse groups of people can affect the conception of individuals that are categorised into these groups, as well as those individuals’ conception of themselves. Keywords: Unaccompanied children, construction, representation, media, discourse analysis Nyckelord: Ensamkommande barn, konstruktion, representation, media, diskursanalys
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Gordon, Emma Faith. "A critical analysis of the print media representation of children and young people during transition from conflict in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.675464.
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At a time of political, economic and social change in Northern Ireland, this thesis analyses the print media representation of children and young people, and its impact, in a society transitioning from conflict. The theoretical framework is derived in critical analysis within criminology. The study focuses on the media's role in creating negative representations and maintaining negative ideological constructions of children and young people, in particular those who are the most marginalised and those 'in conflict with the law'. The timing of this study, as policing and justice was devolved 'to the Northern Ireland Assembly, provided an opportunity to examine the UK's legacy regarding criminal justice and youth justice legislation, policy and practice, and its inheritance or contestation by the devolved administration. The research methods employed enable thorough analysis of media content. Covering six months (March 2010 to August 2010) of print media in depth, it explores the language and imagery to establish key themes. A case study of the portrayal of young people's involvement in what was represented as 'sectarian' rioting in July 2010 develops more fully those key themes. In the context of the content analysis and case study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with editors and journalists. Interviews with politicians and a spokesperson from the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) demonstrate the relationship between the media, the state and state agencies. Children, young people and advocates presented their experiences of the impact of negative media representations. The findings confirm that the negative reputation ascribed to children and young people through popular discourse often brings them into conflict with the law whi le neglecting the structural and institutional relations which contextualise their marginalisation and exclusion. This is heightened in communities that continue to be divided by sectarianism yet are attempting to accommodate a gradual transition from conflict.
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Macedo, Joana de Negrier Almeida e. "Trabalho infantil: representações sociais nos media." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3314.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Sociologia das Organizações e do TrabalhoO trabalho infantil é um fenómeno global que viola direitos fundamentais das crianças prejudicando a sua saúde e o seu desenvolvimento mental, físico, social e moral para além de as privar de frequentar a escola ou as obrigar a um abandono precoce. Nesta tese para além do enquadramento conceptual e jurídico essencial à delimitação do fenómeno propomo-nos analisar a representação social do trabalho infantil nos media portugueses durante o ano de 2008 com base nas categorias seleccionadas designadamente “Região”, “Sexo”, “Idade” e “Sector de Actividade”. Para o efeito utilizámos uma metodologia “mista” quantitativa e qualitativa. As principais conclusões deste estudo apontam para o seguinte: tendencial sazonalidade da prestação, associada às férias escolares; dominância no trabalho no domicílio e no trabalho artístico; predominância do grupo etário dos 14 aos 17 anos; maior incidência no Norte do território; valoração social negativa.
Child labour is a global phenomenon that violates fundamental rights of children arming their health and their mental, physical, social and moral as well as depriving them from attending school or forcing them to an early exit. In this thesis beyond the conceptual framework and legal framework essential to defining the phenomenon we will consider the social representation of child labour in the Portuguese media over the years of 2008 based on the selected categories such as "Region", "Sex ", "Age" and "Activity Sector. " To this end we used a 'mixed' methodology quantitatively and qualitatively. The main conclusions of this study indicate the following: seasonal trend of performance, linked to school holidays, the dominance at housework and artistic work; predominant age group from 14 to 17 years, higher incidence in northern territory; negative social valuation
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Block, Frida, and Jessica Johansson. "Modig eller rar, vad sa far? : En studie om Kamratpostens framställning av flickors och pojkars fritid." Thesis, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-5720.
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The aim of this study was to shed light on how journalists describe the child’s world and what gender labels are used in their descriptions. We wanted to get a better understanding of what happens when gender is constructed.
In order to study how gender is constructed, we chose to examine how the children’s magazine Kamratposten describes children’s spare time. We chose Kamratposten because it turns to both girls and boys. In order to analyze the paper, we chose to do a discourse analysis, and used Norman Fairclough’s and Ylva Brune’s analytical models. When we analyzed the texts we studied previous research and theories about children, gender and media.
We analyzed how Kamratposten constructs girls and boys spare time. We made a qualitative content analysis of 20 articles and found that the 1700s views on gender still exist.
Thus Kamratposten ascribes girls and boys different gender roles, different behavior and activities in the articles studied. Girls seem to still be positioned in the private surroundings of the home, while boys are positioned in the public sphere. Another difference noted between the genders is the construction of a serious passive and productive girl, and a playful active mostly non-productive boy.
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Blomberg, Astrid, and Özden Ünal. "Men problemet är att man aldrig har facit i handen : Några socialsekreterares uppfattningar om deras arbete med barn och ungdomar." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8262.
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The opinion of social workers towards their work with children and young persons was
studied in this essay. Even their point of view with reference to the term the child’s best
interest has being considered and special focus was laid on the social workers attitudes
towards media coverage and its criticism towards their work. A qualitative approach was used
consisted of six interviews. The theoretical frameworks were based on the theory about
freedom of action and the theory of social representations. Our result showed that almost all
of the interviewees felt a relatively high freedom of action in their work within the framework
of the law and other policies and that despite the difficulties this can imply, they still enjoy
working with this target group. Concerning the term the child’s best interest, all of
interviewees said that it is very good that it exists but that it is also difficult to define since it
depends on whom one asks. Nearly all of the social workers thought that media coverage is
one-sided and very negative.
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Mareuse, Marcia Aparecida Giuzi. "A representação infantil da violência na mídia: uma perspectiva para repensar a educação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-05072009-210229/.
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A proposta deste estudo foi conhecer a representação de violência que as crianças constroem nas relações sociais e com a mídia, a partir do desenho animado, desdobrando-se em dimensionar o impacto de suas representações no processo de socialização e de construção da subjetividade na infância, e em explicitar a possível relação entre violência na mídia e violência individual e social. Compreendeu um estudo descritivo, de natureza qualitativa e incluiu pesquisa bibliográfica e levantamento junto às crianças e adultos. A partir de um exercício de descrição, comparação e análise dos discursos de crianças e de seus pais, com suporte em referenciais teóricos sobre cultura contemporânea, violência e representação social, foi possível constatar que as crianças reconhecem diferentes dimensões do fenômeno, discriminam entre a violência real e ficcional e identificam gêneros televisivos e situações, às quais se sentem vulneráveis. Reconhecem imitar os personagens e seus comportamentos nas brincadeiras, porém afirmam que não matariam na vida real.The purpose of this study is to investigate the representation of cartoon-related violence that children build into their social relationships and with the media. The study also aims to size the impact of their representations in the process of socializing and subjectivity building during childhood, and to show the possible relationship between violence in the media and individual and social violence. This is a descriptive and qualitative study which includes bibliographic research and surveys with children and adults. By describing, comparing and analyzing the language from children and their parents, theoretical references on contemporary culture, violence and social representation, it was possible to verify that children recognize different dimensions of the phenomenon, differentiate between real and fictional violence, and identify television genres and situations to which the feel vulnerable. Children recognize they emulate characters and their behavior, but claim they would not kill in real life.
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Hausmann, Elke. "Media representations of euthanasia." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405001.
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Nolan, Alexander. "Adults' mental representations of children." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/59035/.
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The introductory chapter provides a brief exploration of the history of childhood, and childhood representations, in Western popular thinking over the last 500 years. It also provides a brief discussion of the implications of these representations on policy, the study of children, and adult social cognition. In Chapter 2, two experiments explore the potential effects of including children in representations of outgroups on attitudes towards the outgroup, with inconclusive findings. In Chapter 3, three experiments explore the effects of priming the category of children on impressions of a novel ambiguous target (the Donald paradigm). Methodological issues and inconsistent findings mar the interpretation of effects, but an improved set of category labels for future studies of child category priming are considered in the general discussion. In Chapter 4 I take a step back and systematically explore the ways in which different childhood age groups (babies, toddlers, children, and teenagers) are represented. The first stage of data collection determined the typical age boundaries identified for children and the labels by which we delineate these different age groups. The next stage identified the emotions, beliefs, and behaviours relevant to attitudes to these groups in an open-ended listing exercise. There were differences in the content and endorsement of attitude components towards the age groups, with broadly more negative components towards older child groups than younger ones. In addition, there were fewer nurturing related components but more reparative behaviours as the age of the child increased. Chapter 5 built on these findings by developing the Child Attitude Component Scale (CACS) and testing the convergent and discriminant validity of this scale. Scores on the CACS were related but distinct from scores on measures about beliefs about humanity in general, such as the Humanity Esteem Scale and Polarity Scale. The CACS was also distinct from individual differences in emotional regulation and appraisal, self-esteem, social desirability responding and beliefs about social hierarchy. Potential spheres for testing the CACS as a predictive tool in situations concerning children are discussed alongside limitations and future directions in Chapter 6.
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Critten, Sarah. "Spelling and reading representations in children." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/2260.
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This thesis sought to conceptualise children’s spelling and reading representations in a novel way based upon the implicit-explicit framework proposed by the Representational-Redescription (RR) model (Karmiloff-Smith, 1992). The children studied were aged 4-7 years. Existing models of spelling and reading (e.g. Frith, 1985, Ehri, 1998, 1999, 2002) describe the developmental process as a series of stages/phases. An alternative approach adopted here is derived from the author’s previous research (Critten et al. 2007). It employs a coding scheme that analyses children’s explanations of and performance on, recognition tasks that reveal varying levels of explicitness in understanding of spelling. In this thesis the levels are empirically validated for both spelling and reading. It begins with an attempt to show that young children represent spelling knowledge implicitly. A longitudinal study then elucidates the developmental trajectory of both spelling and reading over the course of a year demonstrating that changes occur in the explicitness of children’s underlying representations. By comparing the co-development of spelling and reading it was possible to demonstrate that phonological information is often explicitly used first in spelling before reading, lending support to Frith’s (1985) “pace maker” notions. The final study examined how context, previously known to facilitate children’s reading ability can also facilitate their spelling development. This effect occurs not just for reading and spelling performance but for explicit understanding, building on the Lexical Quality Hypothesis (Perfetti & Hart, 2002) that proposes a role for semantic information in successful spelling and reading. These findings are integrated into a proposal for a new model of development: the Spelling and Reading Explicitation Model (SREM). This model postulates that children develop beyond implicit recognition to form “active” explicit representations, accounting for generalisation errors and characterised as being consciously accessible and verbalisable. It proposes that the development of reading and spelling skill is based upon processes of abstraction, interpretation and application of phonological and morphological knowledge.
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Sales, Michael F. "Context Dependent Numerosity Representations in Children." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557146188226533.
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Bayhantopçu, Esra. "Analysis of the social representation of the marriage of underage girls problem in Turkey : between the narrative of experienced actors and symbolic presentation of Turkish print and social media." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D090.
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Les enfants constituent la valeur primordiale dans les mécanismes de reproduction de la société. C’est pourquoi les groupes ont cherché à s’emparer du «choix» des acteurs sociaux avant qu’ils n’accèdent à la capacité de décision. Pourtant du fait de la progression de la subjectivation et des droits individuels, les mariages d’enfants constituent de plus en plus un problème social dans les mondes sociaux à la fois traditionnels et modernes, notamment en Turquie. L’objectif de cette thèse a pour objet d’apporter un regard critique mais compréhensif sur les mariages d’enfants de sexe féminin en Turquie, d’en comprendre les causes et conséquences et de révéler les expériences des femmes s’étant mariées avant l’âge mineur (18 ans) et de voir comment elles perçoivent la question du mariage d’enfants. Deuxièmement, nous avons cherché à analyser les articles parus à ce propos, dans la presse écrite turque et les messages Twitter afin de constater comment les médias choisissent de refléter ce problème et de comprendre si le discours adopté au cours de ces articles de presse et messages Twitter correspondent au discours adopté par les femmes en question. La thèse mobilise deux types de sources : un travail sur le terrain et une analyse d’un corpus de journaux. Dans une première étape, des entretiens face-à-face, semi-structurés ont été réalisés avec des femmes s’étant mariées avant l’âge de 18 ans. Dans une seconde étape, des articles parus dans la presse écrite et les messages sur Twitter ont été étudiés. Finalement, les données obtenues lors de ces deux recherches ont été comparées. Cette thèse, inspirée par la théorie du féministe est composée de cinq chapitres principaux qui déclinent une démonstration révélant la complexité d’un phénomène où les acteurs sociaux dévoilent une multiplicité de représentations et de trajectoiresChildren are the most important value and future of a society. However, today, one of the important societal problems in Turkey as well as in the problem of marriage of underage girls. The aim of this thesis is firstly to look critically at the marriages of underage girls in Turkey to find out its reasons and results and reveal the experiences of women who married before age of 18 and how these women perceive the child marriage problem. Secondly, it is aimed to analyze related news in Turkish print media and across Twitter posts and to find out how the media reflects this problem and if these news reports and Twitter posts’ discourses correspond to the discourses of the women in question. The thesis consists of two types of field research. In the first stage of the research, a face-to-face, semi-structured interview is conducted with the women who married before their age of 18. In the second research, related news reports in Turkish print media and posts on Twitter are examined. Finally, the findings of two types of research are compared. This thesis, which is based on feminist framework theoretically, consists of five main chapters. In this study, the relation between the way that these underage married women identified themselves and statements of media are investigated. In this regard, the study aims to make a contribution to the literature in terms of discussing the problem from the sociological perspective and it is hoped to make contribution to the solution of the problem to decrease the number of underage married girls in Turkey
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Chu, Yawen. "LGBT Representations on Facebook : Representations of the Self and the Content." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-36353.
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The topic of LGBT rights has been increasingly discussed and debated over recent years. More and more scholars show their interests in the field of LGBT representations in media. However, not many studies involved LGBT representations in social media. This paper explores LGBT representations on Facebook by analysing posts on an open page and in a private group, including both representations of the self as the identity of sexual minorities, content that is displayed on Facebook and the similarities and differences in two different settings (a private group and an open page). This study aims to fill the gap of self- representations of sexual minorities in non-anonymous online settings. Main concepts in this study include communication, gender, and sexuality, media representation, power, identity, stereotypes, self-representations, and discourse. A content analysis was conducted on posts from an LGBT open page and a private group with CDA (Critical Discourse Analysis) being used as the method. Results suggest that both the open page and private group express values of non- discrimination, equality, and respect by presenting links, images and with an extra form of representation - personal statements in the group. Compared to the neutral environment on the open page, more personal emotions are involved in the private group and some of them tend to be negative. However, some images can go extreme, they overemphasise same-sex marriages but neglect other ones.
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Painter, James. "Media representations of uncertainty about climate change." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2015. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/970qy/media-representations-of-uncertainty-about-climate-change.
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This commentary first explains why it is important to study media representations of uncertainty around climate change. It then surveys the extensive literature on climate change and the media, and within this, the two bodies of scholarship relevant to media representations of uncertainty: i) ‘uncertainty’ as a dominant frame or discourse in media treatments; and ii) the presence of scepticism, in its various manifestations, in traditional and new media. The commentary then shows how the four submitted works have added to the existing literature: i) they have deepened understanding of the country differences between a wide variety of ‘Anglosphere’ countries and non-‘Anglosphere’ countries. Three of the works stand out for including three of the BRIC countries (Brazil, China and India) who are major emitters and major players in international negotiations; ii) they were the first to apply a taxonomy of scepticism to the content analysis, which gave a more nuanced appreciation of what type of climate scepticism can be found in which part of which newspaper in which country; iii) together they provide very large data sets over a period stretching from 2007 to 2012, which have not been replicated in the academic literature; and iv) one of the studies was the first to compare an uncertainty framing with other dominant frames such as ‘disaster’ and ‘explicit risk’. A critique is then given of the heavily quantitative approach used in the content analysis found in the works. It argues that a combination of a quantitative and a qualitative approach would have supplied more nuanced results. It revisits articles in the UK print media in 2009/10 and applies a different research method. The results suggest that a newspaper’s ideological leaning is an important driver of the treatment of climate science and scientists not just in its opinion pages, but in its news pages too. It concludes by placing this finding and others demonstrated in the submitted works within future priority areas of research identified by other scholars: the global characteristics of climate reporting and the drivers of country differences; the changing nature of sceptical discourse; and the role the media plays in fuelling, or reflecting, the political polarisation around climate change.
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Franaszczuk, Monika Cecilia. "Chopin Onscreen: Media Representations of Frederic Chopin." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1531241114714343.
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Poole, Elizabeth Anne. "British Islam : media representations and social meanings." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30546.
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This thesis examines meanings circulating about British Muslims in both sections of the British press and its audience. It addresses theoretical questions that have been raised which suggest that in the current political epoch, with its New World Order, Islam has been constructed as the necessary enemy of 'the West'. Consequently, Islam has been demonised in the Western media. This study attempts to verify these arguments and address criticisms of them, specifically the homogenisation of Islam, the West and its media, by concentrating on a specific genre within a specific context: the British national press. The first part of the study entails a quantitative analysis of 800 texts from two British broadsheets, The Times and The Guardian , providing their 'news frameworks' with regards to British Islam. This provides the context for the second part of the research, a qualitative discourse analysis of 159 texts, including two tabloid papers, The Mail and The Sun. Having established the 'preferred' meanings of Islam in a range of papers, reception analysis was included to establish the range of audience meanings, recognising that meanings are not fixed in texts. Particular attention was paid to the variable of cultural proximity, based on the hypothesis that contact with Muslims would work to counter media constructions. Three types of groups were used, Muslims, and non-Muslims with regular, and no contact with Muslims. The findings of this study shows that there is a consistent and limited 'news framework' with some differences between papers in terms of news values, style, presentation and in particular, political orientations. The non-Muslim audience shares their discursive construction of 'Islam within' as a cultural, ideological threat. Contact with Muslims appears to make little difference in understandings of Islam, as race is the dominant signifier. This thesis provides a detailed analysis of the meanings of British Islam circulating within a specific context, in all their forms and variations.
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Terzopoulos, Aris. "Word representations of bilingual adults and children." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2018. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/3f58b001-dcba-4ef9-bdc2-cba7b88f581b.
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The focus of the current thesis is to examine the linguistic and non-linguistic factors that affect bilingual performance with different language tasks. The aim of the investigation is twofold: on the one hand it examines the role of translation similarity in processing words in the two languages. Specifically, if processing of cognates (translations that share form) and non-cognates (translations with no form overlap) differ as a function of orthographic and phonological overlap between Greek and English. This pair of languages is not commonly researched in bilingual studies and the benefit of investigating them stems from their partial only similarity. Greek and English differ phonologically and orthographically although they are both alphabetic and have an etymological relationship. This makes it an interesting pair because their partial similarity in both codes is not as usual as in more commonly studied language pairs, where there is either only phonological (e.g., Chinese - English cognates) or more extensive orthographic and phonological similarity (with identical alphabets, e.g., Spanish-English cognates). By studying languages with partial similarity, it is possible to compare translations with various degrees of orthographic and phonological similarity. The current study also examines whether adult and children bilinguals with minimal usage of the second language and tested in their first language environment would show differences in processing translations that appear in their first or second language. Of particular interest here is that two groups of adults and children are tested that have either Greek or English as their first language, which provides the opportunity to examine group effects cross-linguistically and as function of age while ensuring that language dominance and testing environment are controlled.
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Ainsworth, Stephanie. "Development of phonological representations in young children." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-phonological-representations-in-young-children(91cb6b48-d2fe-46bd-acf4-f0792df69501).html.
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The development of phonological representations remains a hot topic within both the developmental and neural network literature. Historically, theoretical accounts have fallen within one of two camps: the accessibility account which proposes that phonological representations are adult-like from infancy (Rozin & Gleitman, 1977; Liberman, Shankweiler & Liberman, 1989) and the emergent account which proposes that phonological representations become gradually restructured over development (Metsala & Walley, 1998; Ventura, Kolinsky, Fernandes, Querido & Morais, 2007; Ziegler & Goswami, 2005). Within this thesis we tested predictions made by the accessibility account and key variants of the emergent account using data from both behavioural (Chapters 2, 3 and 4) and neural network studies (Chapter 5). The novel measures used within Chapters 2 to 4 were devised to allow us to contrast implicit measures of phonological representation (PR) which probe the segmentedness of the representations themselves, with explicit PR measures which tap into children’s conscious awareness of phonological segments. Within Chapter 2 we present evidence that while explicit awareness of phonological structure is dependent on letter-sound knowledge, implicit sensitivity to the segments within words emerges independent of literacy. Within Chapter 3 a longitudinal study investigated the segmentedness of children’s phonological representations at the rime and phoneme level. These results demonstrate that implicit sensitivity to both rime and phoneme segments is driven by vocabulary growth and is not dependent on letter-sound knowledge. The results within Chapter 3 also suggest that, while awareness of rime segments emerges naturally through oral language experience, explicit awareness of individual phonemes is related to letter-sound knowledge. In Chapter 4 we explored the idea of global versus phonemic representation using a mispronunciation reconstruction task. We found that sensitivity to both global and phonemic similarity increased over time, but with global sensitivity reaching adult levels early on in development. In Chapter 5 a neural network was trained on the mappings between real acoustic input and articulatory output data allowing us to simulate the development of phonological representations computationally. The simulation data provide further evidence of a developmental increase in sensitivity to both global and phonemic similarity within a preliterate model. Taken together, the results provide strong evidence that as children’s vocabularies grow they become increasingly sensitive to both the global properties and segmental structure of words, independent of literacy experience. Children’s explicit awareness of phonemes, on the other hand, seems to emerge as a consequence of learning the correspondence between letters and sounds. Within the context of the wider literature, the current results are most consistent with the PRIMIR framework which predicts early detailed phonetic representations alongside gradually emerging phonemic categories (Werker & Curtin, 2005). This thesis underlines the importance of using implicit measures when trying to probe the representations themselves rather than children’s conscious awareness of them. The thesis also represents an important step towards modelling the emergence of segmental representation computationally using real speech data.
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Bobo, Kirsti Ann. "Representations of Anglo-Saxon England in children's literature /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd666.pdf.
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Provorova, Elizaveta. "MEDIA LITERACY EDUCATION, GENDER, AND MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS IN THE HIGH SCHOOL CLASSROOM." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/343553.
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Media & CommunicationPh.D.
The media impact how people perform their gender, and play an important role in the reproduction of gender binary. Media representations of gender can be described as hegemonic in the sense that, because of their complexity, they contribute to the reproduction of gender norms by otherwise agentic audiences. Media literacy education offers useful strategies for helping audiences question media representations of gender, allowing them to trouble the hegemonic system that keeps inequalities in place. This dissertation answers the question: How do high school students respond to the instruction in a media literacy program informed by gender studies and scholarship on media representations? To answer this question, I used ethnographic methods and the case study approach. My main findings are: (1) Classes that involve analysis of media representations of gender have an agenda-setting effect on students, helping them notice problematic media messages and connect them to social problems and inequalities. (2) Media and gender classes can encourage students to engage in social action, even without the teacher’s prompting. (3) Media and gender classes are not part of a standard curriculum, and teachers choose to include them because they are passionate about gender inequalities. This is why these teachers might lean towards the protectionist approach. (4) Students might embrace teachers’ message about the value of gender equality and diversity, but keep their implicit biases unchecked. Teachers should think of ways to address these biases in the classroom. (5) In order to help students acquire a balanced set of media literacy skills, it is important to work on all competencies of the AACRA model of media literacy education: Access, Analyze, Create, Reflect, and Act.
Temple University--Theses
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Mawadza, Aquilina. "The Zimbabwean threat: media representations of immigrants in the South African media." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4423.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis thesis is a multimodal discourse analysis of the media representations of Zimbabwean immigrants in the South African media. The aim of the investigation is to illustrate how Zimbabwean immigration and Zimbabwean immigrants are portrayed in the print media in South Africa. For the theoretical and analytical framework, the study mainly combines critical discourse analysis (CDA) (Fairclough, 1992, 1995, Van Dijk, 1988, 1991, 1993, Wodak, 1999) and multimodal analysis approaches (Kress and Van Leeuwen, 2006). These approaches are augmented by insights from the cognitive theory of metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) and from sociologists such as Stanley Cohen (1972) who have researched on moral panic. The study analyses the coverage of Zimbabwean immigrant stories in the South African print media from the year 2000 to date. A total of five hundred and seventy five articles were randomly selected from the SA Media Database. The SA Media Database is a comprehensive collection of all newspapers published in South Africa. These data are supplemented by articles from newspaper cuttings collected during the course of the study. The focus of the analysis is on how the arrival of Zimbabwean immigrants is ‘problematized’ and transformed into a discursive crisis through the construction of anti-immigrant metaphors and generation of a moral panic. The data are grouped into emerging themes, and data analysis is guided by a multimodal critical discourse analysis approach in which the verbal and visuals are read as text. Although the findings of this study generally support earlier studies which argue that the media representation of Zimbabwean immigrants is negative, the multimodal analysis suggests a more balanced and positive image. Thus, although this study supports studies that show that media discourses represent Zimbabwean immigrants as ‘others,’ and often as criminals, the multimodal analysis of the images of Zimbabwean immigrants suggests that media discourse is much more complex. In the media, the Zimbabwean immigrants are presented as either victims or abusers of the system in South Africa. This reflects a broader discourse on migration which constructs Zimbabweans as ‘aggressors and victims.’ Through discourses of moral panic, the analysis of metaphors, the representation of female immigrants, and the multimodal analysis of language and visual data, this thesis shows an extensive deployment of discursive strategies used for the representation of us and them, characteristic of media discourse on migration. On the other hand, the South African media, through visual images, portrays a sympathetic view toward Zimbabwean immigrants and their difficulties. Thus, while the study supports Woods and King (2001), who note that media discourses represent immigrants as ‘others’ and often as criminals, the multimodal analysis of the images of Zimbabwean immigrants tend to be multivocal, in that they tend to also depict migrants as victims of circumstances beyond their control. Therefore, one conclusion that can be made is that the verbal and visual texts in the South African media do not always tell the same story. In some cases, two or more stories are being told at the same time. The study also concludes that multimodality offers the tools through which the different voices, some of which are contradictory, can be read and heard. Images evoke readers’ schemas and frames of experiences, for instance, of pain and human suffering. In fact, visual images are presented as authentic and objective pieces of evidence, not as representations of reality, but, in a sense, as reality itself (Dauber, 2001).Thirdly, the images of Zimbabwean immigrants convey additional information, beyond the journalist’s intention. With images, readers can quickly elicit a strong emotional response. This is different from a textual description. Therefore, images are not only excellent communicators, but also quickly affect us mentally and emotionally. In this study, for instance, images of Zimbabwean immigrants in long queues at the immigration department enduring cold weather, or bloodied victims of attack, or an image of a helpless Zimbabwean child eating from an empty platter seemingly abandoned and alone, by design or default, draw sympathy from the readers. Because multimodal images tend to tell more than one story, such images can also elicit anger and resentment from the readers.Lastly, this study contributes to our understanding of Zimbabwean immigration to South Africa by focusing on how the media multimodally constructs representations of Zimbabwean immigrants in the South African media. Thus, this study also fills a gap that exists in the study of the interplay between verbal texts and immigration images in the media in African contexts; and specifically contributes to the understudied representations of immigrants in South Africa. Another significant contribution is that this is the only study that has combined cognitive theory of metaphor, the sociological notion of moral panic, critical discourse analysis and current theorization on multimodality to comprehensively account for media representations of immigrants. This study points to the need for a multi-semiotic approach to the analysis of the verbal texts and images of immigration in the South African media for a comprehensive appreciation of the relationship between the verbal and visual texts.
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Simmons, Charlotte. "Children, media and regulation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13748.
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Each new medium of communication that has emerged over the past century and more has generated concern over its alleged negative effect on children. This concern has (in most cases) generated a moral panic, involving campaigning by moral guardians and office spokespeople, calls for greater regulation and subsequent response from the government or designated regulators. Based on continued inconclusive media effects research and debates over adults' and children's rights, regulation has become increasingly problematic. Such questions as how far you should restrict and protect children and how it may be possible to balance protection with rights, are complex and fraught with practical difficulties. These are the kind of questions that regulators have currently to consider. In addition, media convergence and internet technology threaten traditional regulatory structures. Such developments pose a further regulatory quandary. How are regulators attempting to tackle these issues? The thesis attempts to examine this question by exploring how regulators have responded to panics over children's media and whether their attempts have resulted in robust regulatory systems. The regulation systems analysed embrace advertising and obesity, internet chat-rooms and grooming, video games and violence and cinema regulation (the 12A classification). Case studies of these particular areas of current concern show how regulation has developed and how it works in practice, assess whether such regulation is effective and if not, recommends ways in which it could be improved.
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Arican, Ebru. "Representations Of Children In Kemalettin Tugcu&." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607884/index.pdf.
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This thesis is an attempt to analyze the narrative structure of Kemalettin Tugcu’
s novels for children that became popular in the 1960s and the 1970s. It examines the representations of childhood, adulthood, orphanhood, richness and poverty in Tugcu&
#8217
s books through the relations between the child and the adult and the rich and the poor. The poor orphan child that is portrayed especially as savior and virtuous is the main character of Tugcu&
#8217
s novels. Socio-cultural hierarchies are represented primarily through the encounter and the relationship of the poor orphan child with the adults and the rich. This study argues that Kemalettin Tugcu&
#8217
s novels represent orphanhood and poverty primarily as moral-spiritual states and not simply a materialeconomic situation. The thesis also pays attention to the conservative themes in Tugcu&
#8217
s books.
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Kang, Yaeri. "Maternal representations of their children and their parenting." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559251.
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The purpose of this thesis was to investigate mothers' internal views ofthe relationship with their children as a key mechanism of understanding parenting behaviours. A 5 year, longitudinal study (study 1; N= 122 primiparous mothers and babies) of the stability and changes in mothers' thoughts and feelings about their babies from pregnancy to the postpartum period addressed questions in relation to parenting practices and child socio-emotional development. Results revealed that there was moderate stability in maternal perceptions of the child during the transition to parenthood and that child temperament and environmental risk factors were associated with maternal perception to some degree. Contrary to hypotheses, some inverse correlations between mothers' positive prenatal! postnatal perception of the relationship and less optimal parenting behaviours at 5 years were found. Moderating effects of child temperament on the link between maternal characteristics and child adjustment were found for parenting, but not for maternal perceptions. Findings suggested that the mother-child relationship was gradually established over time, through repeated interactions, and that the maternal internal model of the relationship with the child also appeared to undergo some degree of modification. In a cross-sectional study (study 2; N= 79 mothers and 1.5 year aged children), mothers' generalized thoughts and feelings about the relationship with their children, situation-specific cognitive processing and disconfirmed expectations were investigated before and after a challenging parenting situation with their children. The results demonstrated that mothers' positive generalized views of the child were associated with disconfirmed expectations; however, this effect disappeared after controlling for the child's actual behaviours. Moreover, these mothers who held positive views of the child did not differ in their perception of the child's behaviours from observers after the event happened. Mothers' thinking styles in a narrative interview was found to be related to parenting behaviours. Mothers who held a balanced view about the child's emotional behaviour in the specific situation demonstrated the most sensitive and adaptive parenting behaviours. In contrast, mothers whose thinking style was characterized as defensive positivity showed remote behaviours compared to mothers whose thinking style was affectively over- 4 activated. Overall, the findings indicate the importance of mothers' moment to moment thinking processes during the interaction compared to mothers' generalized views of the child at the conscious level.
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Doolan, Moira. "Mothers' representations of their children with conduct problems." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433645.
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Lin, Pei-Ling. "Media representations and public attitudes towards nanotechnology in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22085/.
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In order to provide a comprehensive and clear investigation of media representation and public attitude toward Nanotechnology (Nano) in Taiwan, this thesis includes three studies. Study 1 investigates the media representation of Nano in Taiwan and the relationship among different Nano-based themes, frames, and media attitudes in the Taiwan. Study 2 is attempts to make salient the most visible actors of Nano-related news in the Taiwanese media discourse and how the relationship among main actors, framing effects, and media attitudes toward Nano Study 3 explores the overview of the Taiwanese public attitude toward Nano and how the Taiwanese public attitude toward Nano is influenced by framing effects and public confidence in news sources. In short, the results of the above studies showed that the Taiwanese media attitude and public attitude toward Nano are both overwhelmingly positive. The impression and role of Nano in the Taiwanese media has been shaped as an emerging scientific idol which not only benefits public daily life but also increases the national interest and competitiveness of Taiwan. This is of concern, since there is little evidence that the public understands the risks associated with Nano. This lackluster public and media-related risk awareness regarding Nano is exacerbated by a weak connection between the public and scientists. Nano has become a vital component of future science and technology development and a potential competitive economic benefit for Taiwan in the global economy. However, the importance and necessity of increased and enhanced science communication regarding Nano has not kept pace with public interest or commercial production of Nano-based products that are quickly becoming ubiquitous in Taiwanese society.
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Stumpf, Bianca. "Representations of Environmentally Displaced People In Canadian Print Media." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39641.
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Context: This thesis analyzes media coverage in Canada of environmentally displaced people (EDP) due to their recent prominence in political discussions on a national and international level as well as in the literature.
Objectives: This thesis has three goals, notably (1) to raise awareness of EDP as a social phenomenon; (2) to understand how EDP are currently constructed in the public sphere; and (3) to analyze whether Canadian media characterizes EDP within discourses of victimization and/or devictimization. Ultimately, this thesis investigates: How does Canadian print media represent environmentally displaced people?
Methodology: A total of 149 (132 English and 17 French) Canadian news articles, appearing from 2000 to 2017, were selected for analysis through a search strategy that included specific key words. The articles selected appeared in the Toronto Star, Globe & Mail, Montreal Gazette, Ottawa Citizen, Vancouver Sun, Le Journal de Québec, La Presse, and Canada Newswire.
Results: The results were analyzed by using a frame analysis. Based on this analysis, a few key points were commonly used to represent EDP, including the uncertainty over which terms to use, their quantification, as well as a scare tactic to entice action towards climate change. Overall, the media tended to portray EDP using themes of devictimization.
Conclusion: Future research should be conducted to continue to analyze media representations of those displaced. It is also imperative to collect more data on EDP in order to resolve the debate around their definition and officially recognize one term to help facilitate research and increase the legitimacy of those displaced - whether they are recognized as migrants or refugees.
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Murphy, Neil Anthony. "The influence of media representations on mental health practitioners." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2015. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/582934/.
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The debates related to the representation of the mentally ill in the media have been wide ranging over the last 20 years. Emergent representations have often been stigmatizing, claiming that the mentally ill are violent and dangerous. This study used an emergent methodological design to explore what the current representations of the mentally ill were and identify a case study from the available representations. It then examined the influence that the case study had on the thoughts and practice of experienced mental health practitioners. The study involved 8 practitioners and identified thoughts influenced by reading the case study and an academic article. Practitioner’s thoughts were captured over 3 separate interviews and by practitioners providing written reflections. At the last interview, practitioners were asked to provide comments as to what the experience of taking part in the study had meant to them. Generic themes related to risk, blame and professionalism all emerged. The study also found that practitioners were able to reflect on the influence that the material had on them, finding that only after discussing the reflections in the interviews that they became aware of some of their defensive thoughts and actions. The outcome of the study is that the media continue to present a negative representation of the mentally ill and mental health care, and that practitioner’s thoughts and actions are influenced by the media representation.
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Newbon, Peter Jonathan. "Representations of childhood in the Wordsworth circle." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610729.
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Weston, Alexandra C. "Valkyries Handbook: Representations of Women in Comics." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/616.
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This thesis delves into the surprisingly uniform treatment of the female character in comic storytelling, across all media, and will examine how this has evolved over time. It further explores what these changes represent for the stories, the characters, the creators, and the readers. The focus of the production aspects of this project is on the curation and development of a feminist perspective on comic books, their narrative and the industry that forms them. Looking at specific examples from historical and modern comics, as well as creative
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Fan, Lillian Patricia. "Re(media)l portrayals representations of sexuality and race in contemporary United States media /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Kort, Samia. "Metaphor in media discourse : representations of 'Arabs' and 'Americans' in American and Arab news media." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2018. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/32627/.
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The present study explores the representations of ‘Arabs’ and ‘Americans’ in American and in Arab news media discourse between 2001 and 2011 through an evaluation of the metaphors used to describe each group. The study chiefly argues that metaphors in Arab and American news media discourse are used for rhetorical and ideological motives. The main research aims of this study are to find out what metaphors used to represent Arabs and Americans occur in the New York Times (the NYT) on the one hand, and in the Al Jazeera English and the Arab News (the ANM) on the other hand, whether there are similarities or differences between metaphors in each news media source, and to explain the purposes underlying the choice of these metaphors. The study is based on the experientialist cognitive linguistic Conceptual Metaphor Theory developed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and the rhetorically, cognitively and corpus oriented approach to metaphor Critical Metaphor Analysis developed by Charteris-Black (2004). The main corpus approach that this study uses is Metaphor Pattern Analysis proposed by Stefanowitsch (2006) for the collection of metaphor data. The corpus used consists of news articles about Arabs and Americans extracted from the online editions of the NYT, and the ANM between 2001 and 2011. Findings on the metaphors used to describe Americans and Arabs in the NYT demonstrate that the use of metaphors describing Americans is noticeably but not always motivated by the ideological purpose of representing them as a unique and exceptional nation thus supporting the Myth of American Exceptionalism. It is additionally argued that the use of metaphors referring to Arabs can be explained partly by the rhetorical ideological goal of associating them with danger, violence and threat. In ANM, findings revealed that a number of metaphors describing Americans have underlying rhetorical and ideological motives similar to those in the NYT. The image of Americans as a unique nation is reiterated in the ANM. As regards the use of metaphors occurring in collocation with Arabs in the ANM, the findings demonstrated that they are partially motivated by an underlying belief that associates them with powerlessness, passivity and incapability. Furthermore, and despite the importance of rhetorical ideological purposes, the findings also show that metaphors used do not always necessarily convey positive evaluations of the self or negative evaluations of the other. In addition to its contribution to our understanding of the dominant representations of Americans and Arabs in two inherently different news media sources, the thesis has proposed adjustments to Critical Metaphor Analysis as relevant to this project, and has also contributed to research in critical discourse analysis.
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Tarasova, Maria. "The Image of Russia : Comparison between representations in Russian English-speaking media and Global Media." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-22930.
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The thesis focuses on the analysis of representations of Russia in relation to the Nation Branding theory of Simon Anholt (Anholt, 2007, 2010). The empirical study examines the representation of the country in the output of Russian English-speaking media and transnational media. The aim of the research is to compare them in the end. The bidding process for the right to host World Football Cup 2018 is chosen as a case study.Previous research has shown that during similar events in other countries, even when there were attempts to manage the branding process and change the image of the country, transnational media have usually a critical approach to the coverage, while domestic outlets are more loyal and create more positive image to their country of origin. (Barr, 2011; Berger, 2010; Ding, 2011; Han, 2011; Latham, 2009; Manzenreiter, 2010; Hoppe, 2011)The theoretical framework of the study is based on the representation theory and the construction of meaning in media texts. The theoretical part uses works by Fairclough (1995), van Dijk (1991) and Hall (1997). It talks about the most important notions of the theory, discusses the ways meaning is constructed in articles and outlines linguistic and narrative tools that are the most important for the empirical study. Among them are metaphors, hyperboles, topics, actors and the usage of sources.The research has a mixed-methods approach and combines content-analysis and discourse analysis.The findings demonstrate that there is indeed a difference in the coverage by Russian English-speaking media and transnational media. They have different approaches to the tone and angle of the articles, as well as the representation of sources. Moreover, it is confirmed that transnational media have critical approaches to portraying Russia. They discuss problems of Russia in relation to hosting Football Championship and sometimes there are more negative propositions in global media’s texts. At the same time Russian media seem to be biased and willing to present Russia in a more optimistic way. They focus more on positive developments that Russian is going to go through and present it as a country that is ready for change.
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Wo, Emily. "Beyond the Color Line: Asian American Representations in the Media." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/114.
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This thesis examines the stereotypical ideology of Asian Americans that persists in mainstream contemporary television and argues that these representations manifest themselves in viewers’ minds. It also illustrates the shifting paradigm within the media from producer-created to consumer-created content through social media demonstrated by the Jeremy Lin phenomenon. Lastly, this thesis argues that it takes alternate channels to convey race in an accurate way using Asian American independent media as a source of positive representation.
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Bouhid, Souad. "A computer-aided investigation of cultural representations in media discourse /." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116026.
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The aim of this study was to explore cultural representations conveyed in the media discourse using a content-analysis software called ALCESTE. Our exploration focused on a sample of written media discourse in the Quebecois linguistic context, the Michaud affair, comparing and contrasting two different perspectives. We retrieved from the Internet all the articles published between December 2000 and January 2001 related to the case under study from two English Canadian newspapers, the National Post and The Gazette . The two corpora were submitted to ALCESTE software.Using the factorial correspondence analysis of ALCESTE, we identified four different lexical worlds in the corpora of over fifty thousand words. Those lexical worlds correspond to the different positions of the utterers vis-a-vis the issue under study.
Specific vocabulary from the lexical worlds were found to convey cultural representations. Our study has permitted to uncover differences and similarities in the analysis of the Michaud affair reported in the National Post , an English newspaper in Toronto, Ontario, and in The Gazette , an English newspaper edited in Montreal, Quebec.
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Macnamara, Jim R., University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Education and Early Childhood Studies. "Representations of men and male identities in Australian mass media." THESIS_CAESS_EEC_Macnamara_J.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/735.
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Gender has been identified as a key element of human identity. Feminism has focussed particular attention on gender issues over the past five decades. Gender discourse has been dominated by discussion of women and women’s issues - “feminists have somehow set the agenda for men’s studies” as well as women studies. Mass media have been identified as key sites of discourse in feminist studies. Numerous studies have examined representations of women in mass media and argued that these have significant effects on women, on men, and on societies. A number of researchers have found that the treatment of men in mass media is not unproblematic and say that that feminist-led discourses have presented pictures of men as rapists, batterers, pornographers, child abusers, militarists, exploiters, and images of women as targets and victims. But studies of representations of men have been far fewer than those focussing on women. Furthermore, some media content analyses have been limited or unreliable because of small samples or lack of methodological rigorDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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ALMEIDA, CRISTIANE DAVILA LYRA. "FANTASY IN THE MOUNTAIN: REPRESENTATIONS OF PETROPOLIS IN PRESS MEDIA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7724@1.
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FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROPensar como a Cidade Imperial se converteu em espelho da modernidade e do cosmopolitismo da sociedade carioca, no final do século XIX e início do século XX, exige analisar as representações desta cidade nos meios de comunicação de massa e na literatura. Para isso, irá se recorrer às fontes primárias de pesquisa, reportagens publicadas em jornais e revista de Petrópolis entre os anos de 1898 e 1906 (governos republicanos de Campos Sales e de Rodrigues Alves, quando se promoveu a reforma urbana do Rio de Janeiro), além dos romances Vida e Morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá (1919), de Lima Barreto, e A profissão de Jacques Pedreira (1913), de João do Rio, para averiguar como se construiu, por intermédio das narrativas jornalísticas e literárias, o imaginário, a memória e a identidade de Petrópolis no período citado. No tema abordado, a história, a imprensa e a literatura agem como suporte para a costura do tecido imagético da cidade de Pedro. Pretende-se, assim, por meio de leituras múltiplas, situando o estudo no contexto da cidade moderna, utópica, racionalmente planejada com vistas ao progresso, descortinar uma possível legibilidade de Petrópolis.
Thinking how the Imperial City has converted itself into a mirror of modernity and cosmopolitism for the society of Rio de Janeiro, during the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, demands an analisis of this city`s representations in the mass media and literature. In order to do that, this research will rely on primary sources of information, news articles published in newspapers and magazines between the years of 1898 e 1906 (Republican government of Campos Sales and Rodrigues Alves, time when the urban reform of the city of Rio de Janeiro took place), as well as the novels Vida e Morte de M. J. Gonzaga de Sá (1919), by Lima Barreto, and A profissão de Jacques Pedreira (1913), by João do Rio. During this analisis, it becomes clear how, during that period of time, through both literary and journalistic narratives, the imaginary, the memory and the identity of the city of Petrópolis was built. According to this main theme, history, press and literature play the role of sewers of the imagetic fabric that is Peter`s city. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to reach an overview of the modern, utopic and racionaly planned city of Petrópolis, based on multiple readings of it.
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Edward, Mark Douglas. "Caribbeanism : An analysis of new media representations of the Caribbean." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531732.
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Gkountouma, Maria. "Cartoon representations of the migrant crisis in Greek new media." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23162.
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The increasing and irregular flow of migrants in Europe had lead to an unprecedented crisis which European and International stakeholders have been struggling to manage in a challenging context of financial insecurity, political instability, fragile foreign relations and controversial steps and policies. This current context questions Europe’s image as a powerful global key-player and a civilized privileged space/entity and also shutters migrants’ dreams and illusions of a promise-land. Inevitably, the migrant crisis has emerged as top news in most old and new media around Europe and extensive coverage of the topic has been informing the audience almost on a daily basis. Of course, cartoonists have been affected and inspired by the situation, as well. In a time period of twelve months, from April 2015 to March 2016, in Greek new media alone, three hundred and seven cartoons were published on the topic. This project set out to examine the cartoons published in new media over the allocated time period in order to find out what were the main foci of the artists’ attention in relation to the migration crisis and how they related to domestic and international political affairs and further international interests by major stakeholders. It also explored the way immigrants have been depicted, the way Europe is depicted as a promise-land, how all involved stakeholders have handled the crisis and the artists’ degree of active judgment or influence. A mixed research method, combining content analysis, which falls into the realm of quantitative research methods, with elements of psychoanalysis and social semiotics, which observe matters, analyse the visual and critically interpret it was employed. Results showed that the migrant crisis was a favorable topic for Greek cartoonists publishing in Greek new media. They explored the topic from various aspects, including politics, values, everyday life, religion, war and art, shifting from mockery and heavy criticism to sympathy, guilt and a sense of worry about the fellow human depending on their personal political orientation and the aspect of the topic they were commenting on. Evidently, the migrant crisis is a strong humanitarian crisis placing a bomb to fundamental and consolidated values, policies and relations among all stakeholders.
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Ndzamela, Viwe. "Representations of women in women's magazines." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002930.
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Women’s magazines as a popular form of entertainment are among the media products that have been criticised for misrepresenting women. These popular magazines are often condemned for their failure to represent women in a positive light although they claim to target women as their market. The objective of this research is to assess and analyse representations of women in selected women’s magazines. Because women’s magazines are part of popular culture, which is not only concerned with the production process but also takes into consideration the needs of the readers, the research seeks to find out whether these magazines meet the expectations of its readers. The study is a combination of qualitative analysis, which looks at the frequency and the manner in which women are represented, with a qualitative interpretation of women’s roles within those representations. The issue of representations of women in women’s magazines is a very complex one as magazines, like other cultural texts are open to multiple interpretations. Consequently, multiple conclusions have been reached and the outcome of the study is therefore a series of three conclusions based on feature articles, advertisements and at a theoretical level.
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Shanadi, Govind. "Hollywood representations of biotechnology /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1421624771&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ramtohul, Venita S. "Lexical access and representations in children : naming and word learning." Thesis, Open University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446288.
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