Journal articles on the topic 'Media portrayed idealised images'
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Monro, Fiona, and Gail Huon. "Media-portrayed idealized images, body shame, and appearance anxiety." International Journal of Eating Disorders 38, no. 1 (2005): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.20153.
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Monro, Fiona J., and Gail F. Huon. "Media-portrayed idealized images, self-objectification, and eating behavior." Eating Behaviors 7, no. 4 (November 2006): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2005.12.003.
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Lin, Chyong-Ling, and Jin-Tsann Yeh. "Comparing Society’s Awareness of Women: Media-Portrayed Idealized Images and Physical Attractiveness." Journal of Business Ethics 90, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0026-z.
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Mulgrew, Kate E., and Marika Tiggemann. "Form or function: Does focusing on body functionality protect women from body dissatisfaction when viewing media images?" Journal of Health Psychology 23, no. 1 (July 4, 2016): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316655471.
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We examined whether shifting young women’s ( N =322) attention toward functionality components of media-portrayed idealized images would protect against body dissatisfaction. Image type was manipulated via images of models in either an objectified body-as-object form or active body-as-process form; viewing focus was manipulated via questions about the appearance or functionality of the models. Social comparison was examined as a moderator. Negative outcomes were most pronounced within the process-related conditions (body-as-process images or functionality viewing focus) and for women who reported greater functionality comparison. Results suggest that functionality-based depictions, reflections, and comparisons may actually produce worse outcomes than those based on appearance.
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Thayer, Colette, and Laura Skufca. "Media Image Landscape: Age Representation in Online Images." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.332.
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Abstract This study looked at the extent to which the 50-plus population is portrayed in media images online. A random sample of images was drawn from 2.7 million images downloaded from professional and semiprofessional domains and social distributions for brands and thought leaders. Natural language processing technology was employed to find images using topical guides chosen to be reflective of online images. Results of this study showed that while some media has moved toward more positive visual representation of older people, the 50-plus population is still not accurately portrayed in the media. For example, while nearly half of the U.S. adult population is age 50-plus, only 15% of images containing adults include people this age. In addition, when the 50-plus are shown, they are more likely to be portrayed negatively than those under age 50. The 50-plus population is often portrayed as dependent and disconnected from the rest of world although most are actively engaged in their communities. They are rarely shown with technology and in work settings. Furthermore, while a myriad of vibrant personalities come across in images of adults under age 50, the representation of people 50-plus starts to homogenize and exaggerate stereotypical and outdated physical appearance characteristics. This study demonstrates the need for visual representations that reflect greater diversity and authenticity of the 50-plus population as these images affect the attitudes, expectations, and behaviors of older and younger people alike. Keywords: ageism, reframing aging, media image representation
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Ali, Rabia, and Saira Batool. "Stereotypical Identities Discourse Analysis of Media Images of Women in Pakistan." Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies 4, no. 2 (June 25, 2015): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/generos.2015.1502.
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<p>Stereotypical portrayal of women through images and text in the media has been discussed and debated widely across the globe. The area remains relatively under published in the context of the third world especially Pakistan. To fill this gap this paper is an attempt to examine the role of the media in creating gender identities. Data for this study comes from selected English language newspaper namely “THE NEWS”. Discourse analysis of text and images - the most common way of producing and transmitting social meaning attached to social realities was employed to interpret of the data. The data reveals that the images and text produced through the media are biased, patriarchal and they reinforce male hegemony and control over women’s bodies and their minds. By doing this the media is strengthening the existing power structure of the Pakistani society. The images of women produced are those of victims of violence both domestic and public, sex objects, passive, dependent, weak and engaged in domestic roles. Consequently, standard images of feminity are idealized and normalized in the real world. Such practices act as barrier for women to escape traditional gender roles and expectations. The study argues that such images reinforce stereotypical roles and hence promote gender inequality instead of emancipation.</p>
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Giffard, C. Anthony, and Nancy K. Rivenburgh. "News Agencies, National Images, and Global Media Events." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 77, no. 1 (March 2000): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700102.
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One strategy used by nations to enhance their image is to host global media events. This study examines Associated Press, Reuters, and Inter Press Service coverage of six major U.N. summit meetings for their presentation of the host nations. Three of the conferences took place in western capitals; three were held in the developing world. While hosting a summit resulted in a nation getting a higher profile than it would if only a participant, western hosts received more overtly positive coverage than those from the developing world. The topic of the U.N. summit also influenced how news agencies portrayed a host nation.
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Sampson, Ariane, Huw G. Jeremiah, Manoharan Andiappan, and J. Tim Newton. "The effect of viewing idealised smile images versus nature images via social media on immediate facial satisfaction in young adults: A randomised controlled trial." Journal of Orthodontics 47, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312519899664.
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Introduction: The objective of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to investigate the effect of a social networking site (SNS) on body dissatisfaction, facial and smile dissatisfaction, and face-related discrepancy, and whether these effects differ from the use of appearance-neutral Instagram images. We also aimed to investigate whether there are trends in increased self-reported use of social media and increased body dissatisfaction, facial and smile dissatisfaction, and face-related discrepancy. Methods: Undergraduate students were randomly allocated to an experimental group with idealised smile images or to a control group with neutral nature images. They completed pre-exposure questionnaires, then perused for 5 min their allocated images on individual Apple iPads via the Instagram application. Participants then completed the post-exposure surveys. The main outcome was facial dissatisfaction. Body dissatisfaction and total facial and body dissatisfaction were secondary outcomes. Simple randomisation was achieved with a computerised random number generator. Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and multivariate regression analyses. Results: A total of 132 participants (mean age = 20.50 ± 2.21 years) were randomised to either the experimental group with idealised smile images (n=71) or the control group with neutral nature images (n=61). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups and no participants were lost. Exposure to ‘ideal’ facial images on social media decreases facial satisfaction (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85–1.05; P < 0.0001). Individuals with high baseline self-discrepancy scores are less satisfied with their facial features and body appearance (95% CI = 0.04–1.16; P = 0.036). Conclusion: This study shows that viewing SNSs with high visual media reduces satisfaction with facial appearance in the short term in men and women. This effect is greater in those with high self-discrepancy scores. Increased media usage was not correlated with increased dissatisfaction. Wearing braces or having had braces was shown not to influence post-exposure dissatisfaction.
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Robinson, Lily, Ivanka Prichard, Alyssa Nikolaidis, Claire Drummond, Murray Drummond, and Marika Tiggemann. "Idealised media images: The effect of fitspiration imagery on body satisfaction and exercise behaviour." Body Image 22 (September 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.06.001.
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Shanahan, Nicola, Cathy Brennan, and Allan House. "Self-harm and social media: thematic analysis of images posted on three social media sites." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e027006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027006.
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ObjectivesTo explore the nature of images tagged as self-harm on popular social media sites and what this might tell us about how these sites are used.DesignA visual content and thematic analysis of a sample of 602 images captured from Twitter, Instagram and Tumblr.ResultsOver half the images tagged as self-harm had no explicit representation of self-harm. Where there was explicit representation, self-injury was the most common; none of these portrayed images of graphic or shocking self-injury. None of the images we captured specifically encouraged self-harm or suicide and there was no image that could be construed as sensationalising self-harm.Four themes were found across the images: communicating distress, addiction and recovery, gender and the female body, identity and belonging.ConclusionsFindings suggest that clinicians should not be overly anxious about what is being posted on social media. Although we found a very few posts suggesting self-injury was attractive, there were no posts that could be viewed as actively encouraging others to self-harm. Rather, the sites were being used to express difficult emotions in a variety of creative ways, offering inspiration to others through the form of texts or shared messages about recovery.
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Hermann, Enno. "‘Sale of the Millennium’: The 2000 Olympics and Australia's Corporate Identity." Media International Australia 94, no. 1 (February 2000): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009400116.
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This article argues that discourses of ‘the national’ in Australia have increasingly come to be treated in commodified terms — that is, in the language of advertising. It looks at the advertising campaign that accompanies the upcoming Sydney Olympic Games, where Australia features as a tourist spectacle of an idealised global culture. Images of natural beauty, multicultural harmony and particularly Indigenous culture are highlighted in this unprecedented opportunity for Australia to sell itself to the world. Treating the Sydney Olympics in this way, as a global media event, allows for some reconsideration of the processes and the images employed in Australia's national imagining.
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Mohamad, Emma. "Normalising breastfeeding." Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 23, no. 2 (December 18, 2013): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.23.2.02moh.
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This paper argues that the media can play a role to help normalise breastfeeding in society, particularly in Malaysia. This deduction is reached following an analysis of local media portrayals of breastfeeding, particularly by observing where and how breastfeeding is being portrayed, as well as delving into the division of space between breastfeeding and formula feeding. In addition to the media analysis, the study also looks into several media production issues by interviewing a parenting magazine editor. Findings suggest that local media plays an important role to reinforce breastfeeding as a private activity and subtly divide public/private space through the way producers locate breastfeeding stories and images. The study suggests that in order to normalise breastfeeding, the media should make an effort to portray local women in breastfeeding images and highlight these images in general media outlets.
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Nur, Iffatin. "Perempuan dan Media Massa." Musãwa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam 5, no. 4 (October 29, 2007): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/musawa.2007.54.559-577.
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The role of mass media is not only providing information to the public to fulfill their 'right to know' and 'right to expression', but also leading the creation of societies' images, myths, behavior, knowledge, even ideologies. Mass media produce new realities through texts, define facts or reality which amongst the semiotics such process is called creating the second reality from the first reality by the media. The media have created new realities in which men are portrayed as superior and engaging in all public spheres, whereas women are visualized as the weak. The production of mass media is also closely related to capitalist system of economy, which sometimes requires certain to become the victims; and women have been the victims in this capitalist system.
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Stice, Eric, Diane Spangler, and W. Stewart Agras. "Exposure to Media-Portrayed Thin-Ideal Images Adversely Affects Vulnerable Girls: A Longitudinal Experiment." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 20, no. 3 (September 2001): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.20.3.270.22309.
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Pettersson, Lucas. "Changing images of the USA in German media discourse during four American presidencies." International Journal of Cultural Studies 14, no. 1 (January 2011): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877910384182.
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•This article presents a study of how images of the United States have changed in German media discourse since the end of the Cold War. Two leading German news papers, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and Süddeutsche Zeitung, have been analysed during four time periods — from 1984 to 2009 — covering four American presidencies. The results show that the image of the USA was far more critical in 2004, during the Bush era than during the other presidencies, where positive and trustful images had a more prominent place in the discourse. Even anti-American images were found. However, the critical images were, in general, more focused on what the USA does, not what it is — even during the Bush era. Furthermore, the relationship between the USA and Germany was portrayed as being close and friendly — like a father—son relationship — with the exception of 2004, when relations were presented as somewhat strained. •
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Colburn, Alayna, and Lisa A. Melander. "Beyond Black and White: An Analysis of Newspaper Representations of Alleged Criminal Offenders Based on Race and Ethnicity." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 34, no. 4 (July 18, 2018): 383–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986218787730.
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Media has a substantial role in providing knowledge about crime to the public; however, many representations of crime and criminality perpetuate damaging racial stereotypes. The purpose of this study is to identify how minorities are portrayed in print media as compared to their White counterparts. The study includes an ethnographic content analysis of newspaper crime stories and accompanying images from widely circulated newspapers published between August 1, 2014, and October 31, 2014. Findings reveal minorities are not only overrepresented in crime story images, but closer examination uncovers nuanced differences in the type and quality of pictures by race and ethnicity.
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Kurebwa, Jeffrey, and Prosper Muchakabarwa. "Media Images of Islamophobia on Cable News Network (CNN) and Implications for International Relations." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 9, no. 1 (January 2019): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2019010103.
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This study focuses on media images of islamophobia as portrayed by Cable News Network (CNN) and its implications for international relations. The study employed qualitative methodology. Data was collected using key informant interviews, while documentary search was done using CNN current affairs videos. The study findings indicated that the media has the power to influence human perceptions towards stereotyping Islam as a terrorist organisation and conflating the Islamic religion and the Muslim culture with terrorism. The study also found out that islamophobia really has a relationship with how Muslims are represented in the media. The study recommends that media houses should have media ethics, laws and policies which force journalists to be more accountable and objective when reporting issues of religion, race and culture as a way of eliminating offensive communication and religious intolerance.
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Jaffe, Alexandra. "Sociolinguistic diversity in mainstream media." Thematising Multilingualism in the Media 10, no. 4 (December 5, 2011): 562–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.10.4.05jaf.
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This article explores the attribution of authority and authenticity to speakers of “accented” or dialectal speech portrayed in the American documentary on dialectal diversity, “Do You Speak American?”. The focus is on the role of mediation and mediatization in this fundamentally political and ideological process: that is, the extent to which particular sequences of the documentary foreground the work of representation being done by media producers. The central claim made in the analysis is that speakers’ authenticity is produced through the backgrounding of this work of representation, but that speakers are attributed greater authority when they are depicted as having some control over how their images and speech are mediated and mediatized. Speakers who have both authority and authenticity benefit, it is argued, from media verisimilitudes: they are understood by media audiences as having control over the believable rather than the “real”.
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Mastro, Dana E., and Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz. "Latino Representation on Primetime Television." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 82, no. 1 (March 2005): 110–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900508200108.
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This study analyzes the frequency and quality of depictions of Latinos during the 2002 primetime television season. Research on cultivation theory and social identity theory provides insight into the potential implications of exposure to these images. Findings suggest that while advances have been made in terms of the quality of depictions of Latinos, many of these images remain tied to a few, longstanding media stereotypes. In addition, the rate at which Latinos are portrayed on television remains dramatically below that of the real-world population.
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Wetzel, Christopher. "Envisioning Land Seizure." American Behavioral Scientist 56, no. 2 (September 12, 2011): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764211419354.
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Although land seizure is designed to be an evocative and provocative tactic for social movement organizations, how are groups’ members, goals, and claims portrayed in subsequent media coverage? Focusing on the Indians of All Tribes’ occupation of Alcatraz Island, this article qualitatively analyzes photographic representations of protest in three national newspapers. Images published during the occupation (1969 to 1971) represent Indian activists as lazing or inactive, politically ineffectual, and invisible. When foregrounding contention, photographs showed negatively affected non-Natives or Indians being arrested. By contrast, images published after the occupation (1972 to 2000) generally concentrate on the physical space of the island as a tourist destination rather than a site of conflict. Social scientists should critically assess the media’s role in shaping collective perceptions about social movements through visual images, particularly when tactics are designed to garner media attention.
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al Makmun, Muhammad Taufiq, Diah Kristina, Karunia Purna Kusciati, and Fenty Kusumastuti. "The Images of Donald Trump on Online News Media in Indonesia Through Photojournalism: Media Construction and Readers’ Perception." Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 36, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 308–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2020-3604-19.
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This study aims to find out the representation of the President of the United States of America, Donald Trump, through photojournalism which is used to support the news coverage of the president in the Indonesian online news media. It is reader-response research examining photography representation in the Indonesian online news media: okezone.com, tribunnews.com, and detik.com in 2017-2020 to view the media construction and readers’ perception. The respondents consisted of the students of English Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia were chosen to represent the digital native online news readers in Indonesia. In order to get the readers’ perception, they were asked to “read” 15 photos of President Trump, 12 of them were taken from news coverages of three online news media: okezonecom, tribunnews.com, and detik.com; whereas the other three photos were taken from the White House official website. The finding shows that Donald Trump tends to be portrayed differently with those used by the White House official website. Furthermore, readers are able to recognize the official presidential photos among the photojournalism. Despite their awareness of the photo selections by the media, each photojournalism used in the survey is perceived both negatively and positively by the readers. Keywords: Photojournalism, online media, media construction, reader-response, Donald Trump.
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Khrais, Sura M., and Hana A. Daana. "The Self and the Other in "The Land of Dreams"." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0901.11.
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This paper is a study of the post-colonial polarity of the Self/the Other in Hanan Al Shaykh's short story "The Land of Dreams". It investigates the sub-textual tensions between her admiration of the European model (the Self) and her status as an Arab writer representing the Other. Thus, Al Shaykh presents a prejudiced text in which the Other is misrepresented and rather stereotypically portrayed. While the Self is civilised and a savior-like figure, the Other (Yemini men and women) is primitive, superstitious and ignorant. Furthermore, the researcher will show that what seems to be a meaningful connection across the racial line where the Self (Ingrid; the civilised European) and the Other (Yemini people) find a contact zone is no more than an illogical oversimplification of the relationship. While Hanan Al Shaykh introduces this model of racial liberation through unification of the Self and the Other, the question remains to what extent would that relationship sustain the pressures of the primitive culture of the Other? Indeed, Al Shaykh tends to simplify and generalise the relationship to the point of producing romantic and idealised images of a human contact beyond cultural and racial gaps, which strikes the reader as naïve and unrealistic.
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WADA, MINEKO, LAURA HURD CLARKE, and W. BEN MORTENSON. "‘I am busy independent woman who has sense of humor, caring about others’: older adults’ self-representations in online dating profiles." Ageing and Society 39, no. 5 (December 4, 2017): 951–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17001325.
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ABSTRACTSimilar to their younger counterparts, older adults (age 60+) are increasingly turning to online dating sites to find potential romantic and sexual partners. In this paper, we draw upon qualitative data from a thematic analysis of 320 randomly selected online dating profiles posted by Canadian heterosexual older adults who self-identified as Asian, Black, Caucasian or Native American. In particular, we examined how the older adults’ self-presentations varied according to race/ethnicity, age and gender, and how the language they used to describe themselves and their preferred potential partners reflected and reinforced idealised images of ageing. Our analysis identified five primary ways in which the older adults portrayed themselves. They depicted themselves as active and busy with cultural/artistic, social and adventurous activities; and also as physically healthy and intellectually engaged. Third, they emphasised the ways in which they were productive through work and volunteer activities. Fourth, they accentuated their positive approach to life, identifying themselves as happy, fun-loving and humorous individuals. Finally, they highlighted their personable characteristics, portraying themselves as trustworthy and caring. We discuss our findings with a particular focus on gender differences, drawing on literature on masculinity and femininity, and also look at capital and power relations by considering the online dating setting as a field in the Bourdieusian sense.
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Holiday, Steven, Harper D. Anderson, Matthew J. Lewis, and Rachel C. Nielsen. "“You are what you are in this world”: visual framing and exemplification in media coverage of the Guttenfelder Instagram photographs from North Korea." Visual Communication 18, no. 2 (November 15, 2017): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357217739336.
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In 2013, photojournalist David Guttenfelder became one of the first people granted access to post images of life within North Korea to Instagram in real-time. This quantitative content analysis examines themes portrayed in Guttenfelder’s Instagram photos and whether news sources that featured Guttenfelder’s work proportionately represented the captured themes or perpetuated stereotypical views of North Korean totalitarianism. Results indicate significant differences in some sources’ depictions of totalitarianism. The study discussed potential media and societal implications.
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Hussain, Syed Ejaz. "History as Memory: Alexander in South Asian Demotic Literature and Popular Media." Asian Review of World Histories 9, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 157–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340092.
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Abstract The diversity and range of existing archives on the history and romance of Alexander have projected on him a multiplicity of images. Alexander’s conquests, military achievements, romance, myths, and legends have fascinated writers, scholars, historians, poets, filmmakers, the media, and designers of websites around the world. His invasion of India in 326 BCE left an indelible influence on Indian art, history, and literature. The present essay takes up a theme on which not much work has been done in modern scholarship. It focuses on the nature and diversity of the historical memory of Alexander in modern South Asia, particularly as reflected in modern Urdu and Hindi, the two major languages of the subcontinent. It also examines how Alexander is portrayed in popular culture and India’s nationalist discourse.
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Clarke, Jean, and Catherine S. O’Neill. "An Analysis of How The Irish Times Portrayed Irish Nursing During the 1999 Strike." Nursing Ethics 8, no. 4 (July 2001): 350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973300100800407.
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The aim of this article is to explore the images of nursing that were presented in the media during the recent industrial action by nurses and midwives in the Republic of Ireland. Although both nurses and midwives took industrial strike action, the strike was referred to as ‘the nurses’ strike’ and both nurses and midwives were generally referred to by the generic term ‘nurses’. Data were gathered from the printed news media of The Irish Times over a period of one month - 4 October to 4 November 1999 - which included the nine days of the strike. Although we limited the source of our data to just one newspaper, the findings do provide an image of how nurses and nursing care are viewed by both health professionals and the public. This image appeared to give a higher value to masculine cultural codes and the performance of technical skills, whereas acts associated with feminine cultural codes of caring were considered of lower value.
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Kondryko, A., and M. Klueva. "ВІЗУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ОБРАЗУ ЖІНКИ НА ШПАЛЬТАХ ЖУРНАЛЬНИХ МЕДІА ДЛЯ ЧОЛОВІКІВ." State and Regions. Series: Social Communications, no. 2(42) (March 18, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/cpu2219-8741/2020.2(42).6.
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<div><p><em>The article describes the main media visualization tools and describes typical gender images that are portrayed in the media. The influence of media on the creation, change and dissemination of stereotypes is outlined. The process and consequences of the transformation of gender roles, depending on the socio-historical context and the features of their contemporary identification in the magazine media for men, are examined. Monitoring of periodicals illustrated, on the one hand, the existing system of imagery (illustrations, dies, lines, footnotes, cuts, color, free space, various decorative elements) and components of illumination of a certain media image – on the other. Emphasis is placed on the ratio of visual and textual content in this plane.</em></p></div><p><em>It has been found that in the counters of modern men’s magazines there is a considerable number of photographs depicting women, mostly thought leaders in their fields. As a rule, in most of the photos the woman is shown in a certain role: «Barbie-woman», «Cinderella», «glamor maiden», «bitch-woman», «superwoman», «cosmo-woman», «feminist», «caregiver», «a militaristic woman»</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Among the most common female media images portrayed in the mass media GQ, Esquire and Men’s Health is named «cosmo-woman», «glamor maiden» and «Cinderella», which allowed to state: modern magazines for the general public, in particular for men, aimed at depicting women in the popular nowadays.</em></p><p><em>As a result of a practical study of magazines, stereotypes that are no longer indicative of the current information world have been identified, as well as factors that influence the emergence or, on the contrary, the disappearance of gender roles in the media environment.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> visualization, gender, image, media, stereotype, mass culture.</em></p>
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Mills, Hailey L. "Avatar Creation: The Social Construction of “Beauty” in Second Life." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 95, no. 3 (September 5, 2017): 607–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699017722105.
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Rooted in the theory of Social Construction of Reality and informed by media portrayal of female beauty and virtual community research, this study examined how beauty is socially constructed by gatekeepers in Second Life. A content analysis of 360 still images of female avatars was conducted to understand the extent to the beauty types that appear in the virtual world. Findings suggest trendy and sex kitten/sensual beauty types were the most-portrayed beauty types. Most female avatars had the ideal body size and light colored skin. In addition, this study found a significant difference in beauty type among different types of products.
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Gregory, Mara. "‘BEAMED DIRECTLY TO THE CHILDREN’: SCHOOL BROADCASTING AND SEX EDUCATION IN BRITAIN IN THE 1960s AND 1970s." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 25 (September 8, 2015): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440115000092.
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ABSTRACTThis paper presents findings from a larger research project that addresses the production, content and reception of sex education broadcasts produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation and Independent Television in the 1960s and 1970s. More than educational aids, these programmes were vehicles of communication with explicit and implicit messages regarding sexual morality and the nature of childhood. With a focus on the broadcast media and their modes of address to children, this paper connects sex education content with classroom practice and broadly questions how broadcasts portrayed and authorised certain images, types of knowledge and methods for teaching children about sex.
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Xue, Yue, Tao Huang, Qilin Sun, and Ning Tang. "Media portrayal of sportswomen in East Asia: A systematic review." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 54, no. 8 (April 12, 2018): 989–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690218768206.
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It has been widely recognized that women in Western countries are marginalized in the sports field, and sports media is one of the institutions that strengthens such trivialization. However, there are very few studies investigating women in sports in countries outside of Europe and the USA. The aim of this study is to review how sportswomen are portrayed in sports media in China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea. East Asian media is congruous in its disparities regarding quantity of coverage between domestic athletes and abroad athletes, between sportsmen and sportswomen, and between international events and local events. Narratives and commentary focus on nationalism, appropriate femininity, non-sports related aspects of sportswomen’s lives, and the dual identities of sportswomen. Some slight differences regarding quantity, narratives and commentary exist between the four countries. In its current state, scholarly research on media images of sportswomen is contradictory and too limited. Overall, more studies regarding how sportswomen are represented in East Asian media are needed, with further considerations of social media and media autonomy while making essential connections to social and cultural contexts.
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Carini, Robert M., and Jonetta D. Weber. "Female anglers in a predominantly male sport: Portrayals in five popular fishing-related magazines." International Review for the Sociology of Sport 52, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690215580101.
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Kim Bain-Moore galvanized public interest as the first female competitor in the 2009 Bassmaster Classic fishing tournament. To examine the extent to which women were depicted by the fishing media during and after this watershed event, as well as how they were portrayed, we analyzed the content of five for-profit, fishing-related magazines from 2009–2012. Female anglers were numerically underrepresented relative to a national estimate of participation in the USA (27%); they were depicted on just 10% of covers and in 9% and 6% of fishing and ‘hero’ images, respectively. Women authored only 1% of feature articles and were often sexualized, noted for physical beauty, or portrayed as obstacles to fishing for men. More positive portrayals included women as experts on fishing or ecology, competent anglers, or valued fishing partners to men. However, the last reinforces fishing as a male-centric activity, particularly when there were virtually no instances of women fishing alone or with other women. Further, the emphasis on the performance ethic in these magazines may dissuade women, who tend to be motivated to fish more by social factors than men. These findings contribute to research on how the media influences the socialization of women in predominantly male sports/leisure.
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King, Michael. "Profiting from a tainted trade: private investigators’ views on the popular culture glamorisation of their trade." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 7, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-07-2020-0050.
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Purpose The public fascination for private investigators has led to an abundance of imagery in popular culture media. This study aims to examine the views of practising private investigators regarding their professional images of dirty work. Design/methodology/approach To fill the gap in the literature, this study used data collected from semi-structured interviews with 33 industry practitioners from 3 Australian states. The paper investigates private investigator’s perceptions about themselves/job roles and the public perceptions of private investigators in Australia. Interviews were recorded and transcripts created. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was undertaken. Findings Private investigators were drawn from a range of professions, including public policing and government regulation. The findings indicate that the reality differs from the images typically portrayed in popular culture. Interviewees discussed the contrasts between media images and reality, providing a more complex portrayal of private investigation and what private investigators find satisfying and challenging about their work. Practical implications This study is helpful for improving the understanding of private policing, the media views of policing, those who conduct work within an environment considered to be tainted and their views of self. Originality/value Using a qualitative research design, this paper offers insights into the challenges facing private investigators and how they reconcile being in a tainted occupation with providing a necessary service to the community.
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Banerjee, Smita C., Vivian M. Rodríguez, Kathryn Greene, and Jennifer L. Hay. "Trending on Pinterest: an examination of pins about skin tanning." Translational Behavioral Medicine 9, no. 4 (April 10, 2018): 737–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby036.
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Abstract Rates of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers are on the rise in the USA with data revealing disproportionate increase in female young adults. The popularity of intentional skin tanning among U.S. adolescents is attributed to several factors, including prioritization of physical appearance, media images of tanned celebrities, ease of availability of artificial tanning facilities, and more recently, the prevalence and celebration of tanned skin on social media. Pinterest, as the third most popular social media platform, was searched for “pins” about skin tanning. The resultant “pins” were examined to understand the extent and characteristics of skin tanning portrayed on Pinterest. We analyzed pins on Pinterest about skin tanning (n = 501) through a quantitative content analysis. Overall, results indicated an overwhelmingly protanning characteristic of pins about skin tanning on Pinterest, with over 85% of pins promoting tanning behavior. The pins were generally characterized by the portrayal of a female subject (61%) and provided positive reinforcement for tanning (49%). Use of tanning for enhancing appearance was the main positive outcome expectancy portrayed in the pins (35%), and nudity or exposure of skin on arms (32%) and legs (31%) was evident in about a third of pins. With overwhelmingly positive pins promoting tanning, use of female subjects, exhibiting nudity, and appearance enhancement, there seems be to a consistent targeting of female users to accept tanning as a socially acceptable and popular behavior. The findings indicate a need for developing sun protection messages and the leveraging of social media for dissemination of skin cancer prevention and detection messages.
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Batool, Sumera, Maria Naeem, and Feroza Batool. "Gender Construction And Media Narratives: Representations Of Gender In Animated Movies." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 15, no. 1 (September 8, 2017): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v15i1.135.
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Media, as an important and powerful social institution, contributes in the construction and reinforcement of perceptions and beliefs about gender. The media images of gender have been found stereotypical and discriminated while there have been many debates on the under representation and biased treatment of gender related issues. This research study particularly analyzed how media narratives play a part in the construction of gender identities in animated movies. The study focused to investigate how femininity and masculinity have been build up in movies, which sort of roles have been assigned to both genders and which identities have been emphasized in the animated movies of Time Warner and Walt Disney during the time period of 2008 to 2013. Gender schema and social learning theories gave implications to the research findings. Both quantitative and qualitative content analysis of fourteen animated movies was conducted. The study concluded that there is stereotypical representations of gender in movies. The women are under-represented and usually negatively portrayed while the men have shown with more societal powers.
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Uusitalo, Niina. "Unveiling unseen climate practices on Instagram." Novos Olhares 9, no. 1 (July 10, 2020): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2238-7714.no.2020.171996.
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Climate change is often portrayed through stereotypical, extreme or controversial messages, with the role of human agency attached to consumption and demonstrations. Such depictions can be demotivating and cause issue fatigue. There is a need to broaden and elaborate our understanding of human connections to climate change. The aim of this paper is to identify a wide array of climate practices expressed by social media users. An empirical study of 42 Finnish ecological Instagram accounts was conducted. The textual and visual contents of climate-related posts were qualitatively analyzed to identify climate practices and the role visual images play in these representations. Six types of climate practices were identified in the data: detaching, reforming, transilluminating, persevering, caring and consolidating. The visualization of climate practices should be expanded in the media to broaden the understanding of potential human agency in the climate crisis.
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Einsiedel, Edna F. "Framing science and technology in the Canadian press." Public Understanding of Science 1, no. 1 (January 1992): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/1/1/011.
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This paper reports on a content analysis of science coverage in seven major Canadian daily newspapers. The study focused specifically on the images of science promoted in the media via the topics portrayed more frequently, the patterns of source use, and types of news formats. Also examined were the stories' overall tone, the consequences of science presented, and the ways in which processes of science were described. Underlying these descriptions were the theoretical notions of `agenda-setting' and `framing'. Results showed that science and technology stories were not prominent in terms of their frequency and placement. They tended to be hard news stories—that is, they tended to be event-oriented, time-bound reports—and were more often originated by the wire services rather than by local efforts. The majority were medical stories, followed by environmental items. These science stories were predominantly positive in tone. Consequences portrayed tended to vary with type of story; that is, environmental stories were more likely to highlight negative consequences while stories about new technologies in such areas as communications and defence tended to emphasize positive outcomes. Finally, science stories were more likely not to include information on processes of science. Findings are discussed in terms of the different cultures of scientists and journalists, organizational constraints on media workers, and science as a news product.
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Shreve, Adam T. "Religious Films in Zimbabwean Contexts." International Journal of Public Theology 9, no. 2 (June 2, 2015): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341392.
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This article presents the author’s original research of a reception study of religious films amongst Shona peoples in the Gora and Chikara villages, which are located in the Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe. The two central questions of the author’s study are: First, in what ways might pre-existing Shona images of Jesus shape Shona responses to and interpretations of Jesus as he is portrayed in The Jesus Film (1979) and in indigenous, short, Jesus films in Zimbabwe today? Secondly, how might the viewing of these films affect these images of Jesus? This article addresses how indigenous, short Jesus films in Zimbabwe have manifested different representations of Jesus from the pervasive European image of Jesus that is perpetuated by The Jesus Film. This research is particularly relevant to current trends in media and technology, as the indigenous, short Jesus films are being distributed via mobile phones in Zimbabwe.
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Palmer, Jamie L. "Ineffective Masculinity." Men and Masculinities 21, no. 4 (March 13, 2017): 455–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x17696184.
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Advancing literature on Cuban–American relations through an analysis grounded in hegemonic and relational, or “subordinate” masculinities, this work explores representations of Cuban male leaders in the US media. Using ethnographic content analysis to examine 763 articles on Cuba from 1959 to 2010 in Time and Newsweek, data reveal narratives of ineffective masculinity as articulated through emergent themes and images that portray Cuban men involved in the revolutionary or political process as (a) simultaneously hypermasculine, that is, motivated by anger, violence, or idealism and (b) hypomasculine or displaying inadequacies in either their professional efforts and/or their physical characteristics. The findings supported by ineffective masculinity add to the literature by recognizing that these male leaders are deemed deficient; however, this deficiency does not rely on tropes of femininity. It is through this analysis that one may recognize the ways in which representations of Cuban male leaders may relate but differ from portraits of other nonwhite men. These findings might reasonably pave the way for possible variations in portrayals of “ineffective masculinity” and hegemonic masculinity where future research may question what role the trope ineffective masculinity may have on the maintenance of racial inequalities and ideologies especially of men of color in international relations with the United States.
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KESSLER, EVA-MARIE, KATRIN RAKOCZY, and URSULA M. STAUDINGER. "The portrayal of older people in prime time television series: the match with gerontological evidence." Ageing and Society 24, no. 4 (July 2004): 531–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x04002338.
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Empirical studies in several disciplines including sociology, psychology and communications science have investigated images of older people in the mass media, but analyses to date have failed systematically to apply gerontological concepts and to compare the portrayal of old age with ‘real-world’ evidence. A model of older people's internal and external resources was used to assess the portrayal of older people in prime-time television drama series. Three hours of programmes broadcast over six weeks in 2001 of 32 prime-time television series on the four German networks with the largest market shares were examined. The age of 355 portrayed characters were estimated, and the socio-economic, health-related and psychological resources of the 30 characters rated as 60 years or older were assessed. Observational categories and rating dimensions were developed on the basis of the resource model. Older people were heavily under-represented, especially women and those of advanced old age. Furthermore, the representation of older people's social participation and financial resources was overly positive. Finally, older women and men were portrayed in traditional gender roles. The antecedents and consequences of the biased portrayals (of old and young people) are discussed from a psychological perspective.
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EL Kandoussi, Mohamed. "Moroccan TV Programming in Ramadan: An Analysis of Gender Representations." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 8 (March 31, 2017): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n8p121.
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The purpose of this article is to explore how gender representations are portrayed through the examination of the salient images and messages latent in a prime-time comic series entitled Kenza FDouar (Kenza in the village) that was aired during the holy month of Ramadan in 2014 on 2M which is a Moroccan state-owned television channel. The study adopts the textual representation approach and draws heavily on the critical discourse analysis. The findings point to the absence of a coherent and consistent policy by the domestic outlet towards the gender issue in the series. The paper also reveals that the gender representations as manifested in the program are not compatible with the institutional endeavor to counter the perpetuation of stereotypical portrayals on the national media.
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Xiao, Zhiwei. "A Century of America on Chinese Screens." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 17, no. 4 (2010): 305–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656111x566007.
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AbstractNo serious study has been published on how Chinese filmmakers have portrayed the United States and the American people over the last century. The number of such films is not large. That fact stands in sharp contrast not only to the number of "China pictures" produced in the United States, which is not surprising, but also in contrast to the major role played by Chinese print media. This essay surveys the history of Chinese cinematic images of America from the early twentieth century to the new millennium and notes the shifts from mostly positive portrayal in the pre-1949 Chinese films, to universal condemnation during the Mao years and to a more nuanced, complex, and multi-colored presentation of the last few decades.
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Barnes, Richard C., and Stephen Earnshaw. "Mental illness in British newspapers (or My Girlfriend is a Rover Metro)." Psychiatric Bulletin 17, no. 11 (November 1993): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.11.673.
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The main source of topical information in most parts of the world is through the mass media – principally newspapers and television. Television news and current affairs have a duty to remain impartial, as they provide a service for the whole population. Newspapers, on the other hand, have a greater journalistic and editorial freedom as they target subgroups. British newspapers are currently being scrutinised as to how they report both factual and speculative information of a general kind. At the same time there seems to be an increase in their interest in psychological matters. However, work on newspaper reporting of psychiatric disorders (Day & Page, 1986; Matas et al, 1986) has shown that the mentally ill are usually portrayed in a rather negative light with few positive images.
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Gerbner, George. "Essay Reviews: The Hidden Message in Anti-Violence Public Service Announcements." Harvard Educational Review 65, no. 2 (July 1, 1995): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.65.2.k102244j40633615.
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In this essay, George Gerbner reviews eight television public service announcements (PSAs) that deal with urban violence and are produced by the media conglomerate HBO/Time Warner. Gerbner couches his critique of the PSAs in terms of the historical tension between the commercial nature of television in the United States and broadcasters' mandated role to serve the public. In creating a framework to understand the anti-violence PSAs, Gerbner broadens the discussion to include both the media industry in the United States and the demand for violence television programming in the international marketplace. Although he acknowledges the high production value of the PSAs, Gerbner contends that the race, age, and gender of the characters, as well as the situations depicted, constitute a hidden message of stereotyped violence. Gerbner argues that the images portrayed in the PSAs reflect the type of violence that is presented by the television industry itself, not the kinds of violence that may actually exists in the United States.
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Richards, Sarah. "Everybody’s Child: An Exploration of Images of Children that Shocked the World." Genealogy 4, no. 3 (July 7, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy4030073.
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Despite the passivity and vulnerability of childhood as a social construction, the image of the child is both powerful and transformative. Such is the power of images of the child they can and have shaped the history of nation states, shifted policy and become emblematic of a cry for change. In journalism, filmmaking, and news media the child can become the symbol of a nation, a conflict, a tragedy and the failure of policy, or indeed the adult world, to care and protect childhood itself. Using evocative images from across the 20th and 21st century, this paper interrogates how idealised notions of childhood become focal and challenged by images which reveal the death, deprivation and destruction of children. The image of 3-year-old Alan Kurdi’s body on a Turkish Beach in 2015 resonated around the world. It became the biggest trending photo on Twitter within 24 h and graced the front of hundreds of global newspapers the following day. It also demanded a political response, as presidents and prime ministers scrambled to hold press conferences and generate policy to respond to the Syrian and wider so-called Mediterranean crisis. This is just a recent example in a long line of iconic images of ‘the child’ that have shaped policy and shifted hearts and minds. The power and influence of these photographs is traced here to highlight where the discursive vulnerability of a single child becomes emblematic of the failures of the powerful: adults, governments, nation states, and global governance. Using the examples of famine stricken South Sudan (1993) and the ‘migrant crisis’ of the Mediterranean Sea (2015), how these hitherto anonymous children briefly become everybody’s child is explored here.
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Day, David M., and Stewart Page. "Portrayal of Mental Illness in Canadian Newspapers." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 9 (December 1986): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378603100904.
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The present article reports results from a content analysis of 103 newspaper reports taken from eight major Canadian newspapers, and selected at random from the Canadian Newspaper Index. The portrayal of mental illness and mentally ill persons in these reports was compared with that in samples of articles taken from two comparison mental health publications not receiving popular circulation. As compared with these latter publications, the content analysis indicated that the newspapers portrayed mental illness and the mentally ill in a manner which could be described as essentially pejorative, thus seeming to support frequent observations and complaints from the mental health establishment about inadequate or unfair coverage of mental illness in the popular print media. At the same time, the newspaper medium appeared to present more favourable images of nontraditional (example: community-based) mental health practices, than of traditional (example: hospital-based) practices. Implications of such results for the attitudes and beliefs of the general public vis-À-vis mental illness are offered, with special reference to the influence of the print media.
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Das, Rik, Sudeep Thepade, Subhajit Bhattacharya, and Saurav Ghosh. "Retrieval Architecture with Classified Query for Content Based Image Recognition." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1861247.
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The consumer behavior has been observed to be largely influenced by image data with increasing familiarity of smart phones and World Wide Web. Traditional technique of browsing through product varieties in the Internet with text keywords has been gradually replaced by the easy accessible image data. The importance of image data has portrayed a steady growth in application orientation for business domain with the advent of different image capturing devices and social media. The paper has described a methodology of feature extraction by image binarization technique for enhancing identification and retrieval of information using content based image recognition. The proposed algorithm was tested on two public datasets, namely, Wang dataset and Oliva and Torralba (OT-Scene) dataset with 3688 images on the whole. It has outclassed the state-of-the-art techniques in performance measure and has shown statistical significance.
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Efendi, Efendi, and Bartholomeus Budiyono. "Religious and Multi-cultural Values in Character-Based English Education." JET ADI BUANA 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/jet.v4.n2.2019.2073.
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The present study portrayed the discourse product When English Rings the Bell presumably containing religious and cultural information as extended values and the teachers’ integration of the information into classroom, manifesting character-based English education herewith. Under quantitative and qualitative descriptive research design, it unfolded religious information to encompass more lexical units of English words (153 events), fewer Indonesian (9), and few non-lexical units of images (65). Meanwhile, multi-cultural information included more lexical units of English words (99 events), fewer Indonesian (40), and few non-lexical units of images (66). Religious values were, then, synthesized from the most occurrences of wearing particular religious clothes (of 58 events). Meanwhile, multi-cultural values were deduced from the utmost events of communicating and being friendly (of 12 events). Outstandingly, the teachers deployed their creativities of teaching-learning media tailored with the problem-, cooperative-, task-, project-, and service-based strategies to foster the students’ English skills. They also suggested the students be creative in their learning to perceive the very religious and multi-cultural information, aimed to alleviate stereotyping cases of certain religious and cultural discourse contents, and promoted peace and unity in Indonesia
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Basch, Corey H., Jan Mohlman, and Charles E. Basch. "An assessment of violent imagery in advertisements on city buses in Manhattan, New York City." Health Promotion Perspectives 10, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2020.26.
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Background: Violence or violent imagery, defined as any image that conveys an imminent physical or existential threat to person(s), property, or society, with or without weaponry, is often featured in advertising. However, the effects of exposure (sporadic or chronic) to such imagery are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and types of violence portrayed in advertising on public buses in New York City (NYC). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, from April to July 2019, researchers catalogued and coded the print advertising images present on the passenger entry side of all Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) bus lines in Manhattan to determine whether images of violence or violent acts were present. Unlike images of alcohol and tobacco products (banned from MTA property in 2017 and 1992, respectively), there are no similar restrictions on violence or violent imagery. Results: A total of 23 out of 136 (17%) observed advertisements included images of violence and/or actual or imminent violent acts. One hundred percent of images involving violence were embedded in advertisements for mass media/entertainment purposes often featuring well known and favorably regarded actors and entertainment personalities or companies. Conclusion: People of all ages and backgrounds are passively exposed to bus advertisements in a variety of settings. This study contributes to the literature regarding the extent to which the public is passively exposed to violent advertising. Additional study is required to further understand the link between violent imagery and attitudes toward/tolerance of violence.
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Mitra, Saumava. "‘Picturing Afghan Women’ for Western audiences: The Afghan perspective." Journalism 21, no. 6 (May 15, 2019): 800–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884919849359.
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As the United States engages with the Taliban in a peace process that might return them to influence within Afghanistan, concerns are rising regarding the future status of Afghan women. In this background, this article returns to the much studied subject of the portrayal of Afghan women in Western news media through Orientalist stereotypes. Noting the lack of Afghan perspectives in previous research on this topic, the study investigates the views and practices of Afghan photojournalists, who have today come to replace international photojournalists in the country, when it comes to ‘picturing Afghan women’ for Western audiences. It sheds light on the day-to-day professional activities of these photojournalists when producing images of Afghan women for Western audiences. It goes on to explore Afghan photojournalists’ perceptions about how Afghan women have been and are being portrayed in Western news media. Finally, it reports on how most of these Afghan photojournalists may perpetuate the same stereotypes about Afghan women for Western audiences because hierarchies in the international ‘visual gatekeeping chain’ supersede the Afghan photojournalists’ power to shape visual narratives and coupled with the need to earn an income as precarious labor, their individual self-reflexivity regarding picturing Afghan women are suppressed. The study also notes how photographing Afghan women causes risks for Afghan photojournalists as well as the Afghan women who are photographed. Attention is called to this hitherto invisible ethical concern that lives are jeopardized to validate Western savior narratives regarding Afghan women through images.
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Narušytė, Agnė. "Dislocation: The Conflict of Photographic and Cinematographic Representations of War in Soviet Lithuania." Art History & Criticism 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mik-2017-0004.
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Summary The Cold War that shaped the societies of late modernity had penetrated everyday life with constant messages about the nuclear threat and demonstrations of military power. On the one hand, Soviet republics such as Lithuania were occupied by the enemy of Western democracies, and the nuclear threat would apply to their territory as well. On the other hand, many people secretly sided with the West. But information about the world behind the Iron Curtain was filtered ideologically. Images of Vietnam War and civil unrest in Western countries were broadcasted by the state controlled media as a counterpoint to the orderly and optimistic Soviet life idealised in chronicles and photographs. This positive image was shown to rest on the victory of the Great Patriotic War as well as October Revolution. Those events were represented by iconic monuments in the public space as well as by memorialization rituals taking place every half-year. Their visual documentation was an important part of Soviet culture. Photo journalists like Ilja Fišeris were assigned to record the parades of May the 1st, the 9th and November the 7th. Art photographers treated such images as a tribute to authorities exchanged for a measure of artistic freedom. But in the 1980s, the memorialization rituals, the monuments and other ideological signs became the focus of “rogue” art photographers and cinematographers: Artūras Barysas-Baras, Vytautas Balčytis, Vitas Luckus, Alfonsas Maldutis, Algirdas Šeškus, Remigijus Pačėsa and Gintaras Zinkevičius. Their ironic and reflective images worked as dislocating counter-memorials against the stale reconstructions of the past. Referring to theories of Svetlana Boym, Verónica Tello and Ariella Azoulay, the paper discusses the complicated relationships between the different memorializations of war, including the absence of the Holocaust in collective memory.