Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Médecine – Recherche – Informatique'
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Tietse, Samuel. "Internet et capitalisation des connaissances en médecine : construction de la valeur d'usage des outils de l'Internat par les médecins hospitalo-universitaires." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10112.
Full textEl, Fadly Abdennaji. "Re-use : plateforme d'interopérabilité entre dossier patient informatisé et système de gestion de données pour la recherche clinique." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066707.
Full textJacq, Nicolas. "Recherche de médicaments in silico sur grilles de calcul contre des maladies négligées et émergentes." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF21715.
Full textJacquemart, Pierre. "Accès à l'information textuelle médicale : de la recherche d'information aux systèmes de question réponse." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N30S.
Full textSteichen, Olivier. "Utilisation d’une observation médicale informatisée à d’autres fins que les soins : Ingénierie des connaissances, évaluation des pratiques, recherche clinique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066169.
Full textElectronic health records generate a large amount of data that can be used for non-clinical purposes. We propose two innovative ways of reusing these clinical data. An update of the computerized medical observation was performed after the analysis of its previous use during routine clinical practice. The deletion of rarely used items was discussed. Terminological analysis of guidelines and free-text answers from the clinical record identified clinically important concepts to be incorporated in the structured part of the record. The evaluation of practice individualization requires a representation of cases with a formal conceptual model. The construction of this ontology was based on the same terminological analysis as above. It underscored concepts pertaining to standardized management and others related to patient centered care. The data have also been reused to perform retrospective observational studies covering the main types of clinical or epidemiological research questions
Marliac-Négrier, Claire. "La protection des données nominatives informatiques en matière de recherche médicale." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF10211.
Full textThe protection of named personal information, direct or indirect, was the object of a passionate debate in France during the 70’s, as information technology advanced, and in so doing exposed devious and aberrant practices. This led to the adoption of the law 6th January 1978 called “Informatique et libertés”. If information technology has allowed uncontestable progress in the treatment and stockage of personal information. The health services, in particular have invested heavily in this technology, especially in research and development, and here the information is particularly sensitive. What are the protections and are they sufficient? There is the problem. The law of 1978 was amended by the law 1st July 1994 so as so legally allow the communication of specific medical information, normally covered by the medical secret, to researchers. It appears that the legislation is insufficient and that this will become even more apparent with the application of the European directive n° 95/46 relative to the protection of the individual with regards to personal information and its free circulation. We propose the solutions reconciling the necessity of medical research and the protection of the individual, by valorizing an active role for the individual concerned
Job, Agnès. "Un système d'information pour la recherche en audiologie et l'épidémiologie de l'audition en milieu militaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE19014.
Full textMattei, Martine. "Traitement statistique informatisé des images de RMN : essai de reconnaissance tissulaire, à propos d'un projet de recherche unissant le plateau d'imagerie de Lapeyronie, le Centre National Universitaire Sud de Calcul et la firme IBM." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11105.
Full textGriffon, Nicolas. "Modélisation, création et évaluation de flux de terminologies et de terminologies d'interface : application à la production d'examens complémentaires de biologie et d'imagerie médicale." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES008.
Full textNie, Jianyun. "Un modèle logique général pour les systèmes de recherche d'informations : application au prototype RIME." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337441.
Full textSupiot, Elsa. "Les tests génétiques : contribution à une étude juridique." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010307.
Full textKoroleva, Anna. "Assisted authoring for avoiding inadequate claims in scientific reporting." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS021.
Full textIn this thesis, we report on our work on developing Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithms to aid readers and authors of scientific (biomedical) articles in detecting spin (distorted presentation of research results). Our algorithm focuses on spin in abstracts of articles reporting Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). We studied the phenomenon of spin from the linguistic point of view to create a description of its textual features. We annotated a set of corpora for the key tasks of our spin detection pipeline: extraction of declared (primary) and reported outcomes, assessment of semantic similarity of pairs of trial outcomes, and extraction of relations between reported outcomes and their statistical significance levels. Besides, we anno-tated two smaller corpora for identification of statements of similarity of treatments and of within-group comparisons. We developed and tested a number of rule-based and machine learning algorithmsforthe key tasksof spindetection(outcome extraction,outcome similarity assessment, and outcome-significance relation extraction). The best performance was shown by a deep learning approach that consists in fine-tuning deep pre-trained domain-specific language representations(BioBERT and SciBERT models) for our downstream tasks. This approach was implemented in our spin detection prototype system, called De-Spin, released as open source code. Our prototype includes some other important algorithms, such as text structure analysis (identification of the abstract of an article, identification of sections within the abstract), detection of statements of similarity of treatments and of within-group comparisons, extraction of data from trial registries. Identification of abstract sections is performed with a deep learning approach using the fine-tuned BioBERT model, while other tasks are performed using a rule-based approach. Our prototype system includes a simple annotation and visualization interface
Pouliquen, Bruno. "Indexation de textes médicaux par extraction de concepts, et ses utilisations." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932922.
Full textMechouche, Ammar. "Représentation et partage de connaissances en neuroanatomie : application à l'annotation sémantique des images IRM du cerveau." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1B123.
Full textIn the context of biomedical Semantic Web, this thesis adresses two problems : the first one concerns knowledge modeling and sharing in the neuroimaging domain, and the second one concerns the interpretation and the semantic annotation of the human brain anatomical images. Hence, the thesis proposes an ontology of the human adult cerebral cortex, and its use in the semantic annotation of anatomical structures corresponding to parts of gyri and of sulci, extracted from regions of interest selected by the user on brain MRI images
Eskandar, Fadi. "Informatique et Imagerie Médicale. Rôle de l’INRIA des années 1970 à nos jours. Exemple de l’équipe-projet EPIDAURE/ASCLEPIOS." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL143.
Full textToday, medical imaging is a major component of the medicine development: image analysis and its deployment are a central research area at INRIA (French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation), pioneer in this field, in France and abroad. However, it is difficult to evaluate this kind of fundamental research because of its long-term realization. Moreover, given that the research at INRIA is based on cooperation, its role may be underestimated for the benefit of its partners. The historical objective of this thesis is to show the importance of INRIA’s role in medical imaging analysis through the example of EPIDAURE / ASCLEPIOS, leading team in this field. This investigation is based on three methodological paradigms: a bibliographic search, a synthesis from the archives of INRIA-Rocquencourt (Ile-de-France) and ten semi-directed interviews, conducted by us, with INRIA researchers directly involved in Medical imaging the analysis. The results show that since the 90s of the 20th century, the EPIDAURE / ASCLEPIOS project-team has been the founder of this field in the world. Moreover, this team is the origin of a new digital revolution, through the design of the "Personalized Digital Patient", proposed by its director Nicholas AYACHE, whose central role in this line of research is reflected in the excellence of published results, the wealth and dynamism of established collaborations in the academic, medical and industrial fields. The support of INRIA’s management to the EPIDAURE / ASCLEPIOS project-team is an asset of its success on the international scene
Berrut, Catherine. "Une méthode d'indexation fondée sur l'analyse sémantique de documents spécialisés : le prototype RIME et son application à un corpus médical." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00330027.
Full textThiessard, Frantz. "Aide à l'estimation du risque d'exposition à l'amiante par l'interrogation d'une base de données." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23078.
Full textRobinault, Lucien. "Non-specific Low back pain : Exploratory analysis and clustering for a new paradigm." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0007.
Full textNon-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is a major public health issue and is a concern in most if not all contemporary societies. Despite NSLBP being so widespread, our understanding of its underlying causes, as well as our capacity to provide effective treatments, remains limited due to the high diversity in the population that does not respond to generic treatments. Clustering the NSLBP population based on shared characteristics offers a potential solution for developing personalized interventions. However, the complexity of NSLBP and the reliance on subjective categorical data in previous attempts present challenges in achieving reliable and clinically meaningful clusters. This work features to goals : 1. First objective : Provide an exploratory work to better understand the influence and importance of the selected variables in regards to NSLBP and our sample population, and gather information to prepare subgrouping2. Second objective : Provide an attempt at clustering our population sample in order to discriminate valuables subgroups Data were acquired from 46 subjects who performed six simple movement tasks (back extension, back flexion, lateral trunk flexion right, lateral trunk flexion left, trunk rotation right, and trunk rotation left) at two different s peeds (maximum and preferred). High-density electromyography (HD EMG) data from the lower back region were acquired, jointly with motion capture data, using passive reflective markers on the subject’s body and clusters of markers on the subject’s spine. An exploratory analysis was conducted using a deep neural network and factor analysis. Based on selected variables, various models were trained to classify individuals as healthy or having NSLBP in order to assess the importance of different variables. The models were trained using different set of data : full data set, anthropometric data set, biomechanical data set, neuromuscular data set, and balance and proprioception data set. The models achieved high accuracy in categorizing individuals as healthy or NSLBP. Factor analysis revealed that individuals with NSLBP exhibited different movement patterns to healthy individuals, characterized by slower and more rigid movements. Anthropometric variables (age, sex, and BMI) were significantly correlated with NSLBP components. Clustering was attempted on our full data set, and reduced data set, using PCA or the insights gather in the exploratory analysis part. The data set were either movement agnostic or movement specific. Results s howed v iable c lustering using spectral algorithm, with the RBF kernel and the discretize label assignment’s algorithm, expressing a spectrum of low back pain as did similar work before. The data set used was the full data set with spine cluster of marker data, after dimension reduction using principal component analysis. In conclusion, different data types, such as body measurements, movement patterns, and neuromuscular activity, can provide valuable information for identifying individuals with NSLBP. To gain a comprehensive understanding of NSLBP, it is crucial to investigate the main domains influencing its prognosis as a cohesive unit rather than studying them in isolation. Simplifying the conditions for acquiring dynamic data is recommended to reduce data complexity, and using back flexion and trunk rotation as effective options should be further explored. The importance and probable usefulness of meta data, such as anthropometric data for the biophysical domain, was also noted. In the light of those results, we formulated the following new paradigm hypothesis : low back pain yields adaptations common to every subject, but due to inter-subject differences in the 5 main domains known to have a major influence on low back pain prognosis (biophysical, comorbidities, social, psychological and genetic) those adaptations are expressed in very unique way for each subject
Abtroun, Hamlaoui Belmouloud Lilia. "Une problématique de découverte de signatures de biomarqueurs." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20205.
Full textIn the framework of current intricate questions to be solved by the pharmaceutical industry, this manuscript examines the generation of biomarker signatures through an approach that combines association rules extraction and Formal Concept Analysis. It led to the development of a methodology which was validated by six research industrial projects. While there is no single optimal method to handle biomarkers datasets, this logical methodology relies on a global datamining scenario made up of four different methods. Each method utilizes different processes. This architecture qualifies global approach that helps to optimize a response to different biomarker signatures discovery problems. The six applications presented in this manuscript demonstrate the interest of an early consideration of the quality criteria are expressed by the experts in the field. The interactivity is supported throughout the process of discovery and produces unexpected results for the expert. The methodology helps the systematic stratification of individuals, which constitutes the first step towards personalized medicine
Jacques, Julie. "Classification sur données médicales à l'aide de méthodes d'optimisation et de datamining, appliquée au pré-screening dans les essais cliniques." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919876.
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