Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Médecine pour les artists'
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Gucciardo, Alfonso Gianluca. "La médecine des arts du spectacle vivant : Histoire, diffusion internationale, pensée, éthique et pratiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2022. https://ged.scdi-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2022MON30057.
Full textPerforming Arts (PA) Medicine, meant as a "medicine for the art of living entertainment", is still not known and not well understood and framed and recognized, in Europe as well as in the other Continents. Starting from a discussion on the philosophical and epistemological meaning of this branch of medicine, we have arrived at a personal ethical and bioethical reading in order to understand its limits and strengths for doctors, rehab professionals, teachers of the arts of voice, music, dance and circus, philosophers and, obviously, artists. PA Medicine (whose name we also dealt about) is far from that medicine today called "complementary"/"not-Evidence Based", and is a branch of medical and philosophical and pedagogical knowledge useful to the artist's and art's physical, psychic and emotional health. PA Medicine is a Medicine not only for the artist but for the PA themselves which, at times, also need to be cured. We have deepened this last topic also starting from an historical and ethic study of the phenomenon of the “care and curing” of arts and of performers, from the origins to today
Fujimori, Hajimé. "Epistémologie pour la médecine intégrative : comment intégrer la vertébrothérapie japonaise dans la médecine ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H226/document.
Full textIntegrative medicine is a relatively new field that offers a new, holistic approach to medicine to satisfy the needs of the public by unifying biomedical medicine and other medical practices; complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which are not yet scientifically verified. What we call integrative medicine emerged in the early 1990s, and its potential i promising; however, there is crucial need to recognize that there exist methodological problems in this field. In this thesis I want to propose some reflections upon the consequences linked to the disregard for the theory of CAM. I would argue that the special character of today's dominant evaluation methodology -randomized controlled trial (RCT) and the ways in which excessive reliance on RCT distorted the essence of CAM and amplified the predicament. I equally want to propose some reflections upon the effect of the introduction of particular dogmas to CAM into scientific study. I would suggest that the ways in which researches might loose in tum scientific certainty, clarity, and objectivity if they make much of for instance the concept of qi or human sensory subjective diagnostics system in scientific study. Finally, would like to note advantages in introducing Japanese traditional medicine (JTM) into scientific study and the ways in which JTM has reduced influence of, and been freer from, the excessive theorization in Chinese traditional medicine (CTM)
Roland, Michel. "Des outils conceptuels et méthodologiques pour la médecine générale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210869.
Full textCette thèse est le rassemblement, par blocs homogènes, de notes d’orientation, de présentations orales, de textes variés, rédigés pour des revues scientifiques, comme chapitres de livres, pour des colloques ou des congrès, pour divers décideurs politiques, des années 80 à ce jour.
Son but est de montrer leur cohérence avec un fil conducteur commun :le développement d’outils conceptuels et méthodologiques utiles pour la pratique de la médecine générale en particulier, pour le système de dispensation des soins plus globalement. L’impact espéré est une amélioration de la qualité des soins dispensés, à l’échelle individuelle (relation soignant/soigné) ou à l’échelle collective (système de santé).
Les différents blocs se succèdent dans l’ordre suivant :
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Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
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Borselli, Diane. "Adjuvants pour limiter la consommation d'antibiotiques en médecine vétérinaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0093/document.
Full textThe constant increase of multidrug resistant bacteria is leaving clinicians and veterinarians with very limited options to treat bacterial infections. The main goal of my work was find a chemical solution to reduce the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine, especially in swines, without affecting the health of the livestock. To achieve this goal, we have developed a drug combination approach based on the association of antibiotics with chemosensitizers, herein called adjuvants, some of which were polyamines derivatives from natural sources. To provide the proof of concept, combination of several derivatives from different chemical sources (marine sponges and plants) have been tested ex vivo on « ESKAPE » pathogens, which are among the most urgent bacterial threats. Results from these studies allowed us to develop procedures for screening antibacterial activities and methodologies for understanding the impact of the selected adjuvants on bacterial physiology.Florfenicol is a widely used antibiotic to treat respiratory infections in swine. Therefore, derivatives were further assessed in combination with florfenicol, and florfenicol adjuvants were identified. The mode of action of one chosen adjuvant on bacterial membranes was further investigated by using fluorescence and bioluminescence methods. Data showed that this molecule was able to potentiate the antibiotic activity by increasing its intracellular concentration (membranotrope activity and inhibition of efflux) but also causes inner membrane depolarization. Flagellar motility represents an important virulence factor which use PMF, and we showed a diminution of the motility's halo with our compound
Cheikh, Anissa Rahma. "Développement de stratégies pour améliorer la survie des myoblastes humains in vitro et in vivo dans le cadre d'une thérapie cellulaire pour la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26194/26194.pdf.
Full textDujardin, Bruno. "Une approche globale pour améliorer la santé maternelle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212871.
Full textZahraee, Ali Hassan. "Comanipulation Série Dextre pour la chirurgie Mini Invasive." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066023.
Full textA minimally invasive surgery, which typically involves endoscopic camera and laparoscopic instruments, may seem to be the ideal surgical procedure for its apparent benefits. However, in comparison to open surgeries, the spatial and mechanical tool limitations posed on surgeons are so high that often MIS is foregone for complex cases and even when it is possible, the procedure requires a high dexterity, caliber and experience from the surgeon. This research was motivated by the need for dexterous surgical instruments that offer an intuitive control and an ergonomic interface, with the final objective of developing a suitable robotic hand-held surgical device for laparoscopic interventions. The research was based on comparative evaluation of different interfaces, control modes and kinematics, using a virtual reality simulator, developed specially for this purpose. The results show that: 1. The optimal interface has a WYSIWYD (what you see is what you do) control mode and is finger-operated. 2. The optimal distal motorized mobilities of the end-effector produce two independent DOF for exion and rotation of the end-effector which are sufficient for complex MIS gestures. 3. Adding a free articulation to the instrument's handle allows the surgeon to have an ergonomic posture. 4. An active trocar makes the rotation of the shaft with a free joint possible. This research also resulted in the development of a proof-of-concept prototype. The prototype was tested successfully, in vitro and in vivo on a porcine model
Grondin, Marie-Ève. "Rôles des enképhalines et des récepteurs mu opiacés dans l'appétit pour le sel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23819/23819.pdf.
Full textAkkouch, Adil. "Conception et validation d'un biomatériau hybride pour la régénération osseuse." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28915/28915.pdf.
Full textLétourneau, Martin. "L'utilisation de lymphocytes T régulateurs pour moduler la réponse immunitaire envers les myoblastes greffés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26259/26259.pdf.
Full textBodin, Frédéric. "La mastectomie prophylactique : un prisme pour interroger la médecine contemporaine." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA3401.
Full textJulen, Nathalie. "Eléments pour une université virtuelle en médecine : le projet CARDIOLAB." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN1B063.
Full textLe, Reste Jean-Yves. "La Multimorbidité : un concept pour la médecine générale en Europe." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0023/document.
Full textUsing a step-by-step careful research process this thesis created a European research team to design its research protocol. The systematic review of literature showed a huge amount of different definitions (132 different definitions) and a great diversity in those definitions (with 1631 distinct single criteria). The comprehensive definition of the concept of multimorbidity issued from the systematic literature review was a relevant step.The translations of the concept were finalized for Bulgarian, Castellan, Catalan, Croatian, French, Galician, German, Greek, Italian and Polish. The qualitative studies confirmed the concept for FPs and added two modificators of Multimorbidity with the Wonca’s core competencies of FM and the doctor-patient relationship dynamics as a help to detect and manage multimorbidity.The research agenda focused future research needs on the measurement of multimorbidity and its impact on patient. It also enhanced the need for the simplification of this concept using a pragmatic approach to determine the useful variables of the concept on its outcomes and its link to complexity
Therriault, Proulx François. "Étude de faisabilité: élaboration d'un dispositif de microthermographie par contact pour des applications en neurobiologie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25264/25264.pdf.
Full textCarrondo, Cottin Sylvine. "Expression et localisation de la connexine 43 dans le glioblastome : implication pour la thérapie génique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25515/25515.pdf.
Full textThe bystander effect is essential to the success of the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk)/ganciclovir (GCV) strategy for cancer therapy. It consists of the transfer of phosphorylated GCV from HSV-tk+ cells to neighboring HSV-tk- cells, and it is mainly mediated via gap junctions that are made up of connexin molecules (Cx). Down-regulation and/or perinuclear localization of Cxs are common in tumors, and in theory it should decrease the efficacy of the HSV-tk/GCV treatment. The HSV-tk/GCV approach has been tested in glioblastoma patients although the status of Cx43 expression (the Cx member expressed in astrocytes) is unclear in this tumor type. In this study, we have carefully evaluated the Cx43 expression, specific localization and functionality in glioblastoma cell lines, biopsies and primary glioblastoma cell cultures. In the glioblastoma cell lines studied (SKI-1, U251 and U87), Cx43 accumulated mainly in late endosomes and lysosomes as compared to HeLa/Cx43 transfected cells that displayed Cx43 at the cellular membrane. Gap junctions were observed in U87 cells, but very few or rare plaques were present at the surface of SKI-1 and U251 cells, respectively. Surprisingly, calcein, a dye commonly used to assess the functionality of gap junctions, was able to diffuse more efficiently within U87 and SKI-1 cells than in HeLa/Cx43 cells. Furthermore, a strong bystander effect was mediated by HSV-tk+ SKI-1 and U87 cells treated with GCV. The use of a specific inhibitor of gap junction permeability, confirmed that the bystander effect in these cell lines was mainly due to gap junctions. Moreover, transfection of a Cx43 dominant negative mutant and specific siRNA against Cx43 mRNA defined this Cx subtype as the major component of gap junctions in these glioblastoma cell lines. The level of Cx43 expression was next assessed in seventy-four glioblastoma biopsies. Cx43 expression was mainly lower than in normal tissue, but only 23% of the glioblastoma samples studied lacked Cx43 expression. Eight glioblastoma primary cultures were derived from surgical resection, and seven of them expressed Cx43, although at different levels. A cytoplasmic localization of Cx43 was also observed in four primary cultures. Despite this predominant intracellular accumulation of Cx43, cells were able to communicate in an efficient manner as demonstrated with a dye transfer assay. A lentiviral vector containing HSV-tk has been constructed and bystander effect experiments with these primary glioblastoma cells were carried out. We noticed that the bystander effect was significative in primary cells expressing Cx43 wherever the Cx43 was localized, and no bystander effect was detected in cells without Cx43 expression. Our results indicate that Cx43 is expressed in the majority of glioblastomas. Cx43 can be found in glioblastoma cell lines and primary cultures at the cell surface, but also in perinuclear areas. This aberrant localization of Cx43 did not prevent the diffusion of molecules, suggesting that the few gap junction plaques present in glioblastoma cells are highly functional. These results suggest that glioblastoma is a suitable candidate for the HSV-tk/GCV approach contrary to some other tumor types in which the lack of Cx has been well documented. According to these results, the level of Cx43 should be tested in patient biopsies used for diagnostics and considered for patient enrollment in clinical trials.
Gilbert, Marie-Line. "Utilisation du système téléphonique Info-Santé CLSC pour la surveillance des gastro-entérites d'origine hydrique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22346/22346.pdf.
Full textSéguin, Samuel. "Le chaperon HSPB8 coopère avec BAG3 pour stimuler la dégradation des protéines à polyglutamine par macroautophagie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25531/25531.pdf.
Full textMaillet, Pierre. "Développement d'un robot pour la chirurgie orthopédique et d'une méthodologie pour sa mise en oeuvre." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20129.
Full textSeveral surgical procedures in orthopaedics, neurosurgery, maxillofacial or ENT need to mill, drill or cut bones accurately. In conventional surgery, motorized tools are positioned and held by the surgeon to realize these tasks. But bone cavity accuracy and surface roughness depend on the surgeon dexterity. In this thesis, we present a robot that has been developed for orthopaedic surgery as well as a registration method to position it with respect to the patient while satisfying constraints such as accessibility. In the two first section of the dissertation, the surgical constraint are presented and a state of art on current devices developed to assist ther surgeon's gesture is done. The third section details the BRIGIT device (Bone Resection Instrument Guidance by Intelligent tool) including its software and hardware architectures. A dedicated procedure for total knee replacement is also described. The last section presents the registration problem: two methods are proposed, one deriving a single robot solution, the second deriving a set of solutions that allows to position the robot in a more flexible manner
Coats, Valérie. "Faisabilité d'un programme de réadaptation à domicile pour les patients en investigation pour un cancer du poumon et une chirurgie de résection pulmonaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28913/28913.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Christina. "CARACTÉRISATION D'UN CANAL SODIQUE « DE FUITE » ESSENTIEL POUR LA DÉTECTION DU SODIUM DANS LES NEURONES DU MNPO." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25956/25956.pdf.
Full textOlaby, Osama. "Robotique pour l'apprentissage de gestes médicaux : mise en oeuvre de séquences d'accouchement automatisées." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0082/these.pdf.
Full textOur work defines and presents ten new automatic procedures for a mechanical childbirth simulator BirthSIM. BirthSIM is a complete training system for simulating labor during childbirth. This simulator also tests new techniques for obstetric practice. A global simulation model of mecatronic system of BirthSIM has been carried out. An analytical model of proportional valve used has been obtained using characteristic 3D graphs. This model is useful for carrying out the synthesis of linear control laws for feedback control in position, velocity of force tracking according to the desired trajectories. The medical conditions are translated into an automation problem by the synthesis of input trajectories for the electropneumatic system. In this work many control procedures has been proposed: position feedback, force and velocity controls. Different childbirth cases can be simulated by the mecatronic system. The validity of the proposed control method for simulating childbirth modes has been evaluated by means of experiments with an expert obstetrician
Mazereau, Philippe. "Pour une sociologie historique des professionnalités éducatives: entre pédagogie et médecine." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058766.
Full textChabert, Christine. "Contribution à l'étude de nouveaux détecteurs pour l'imagerie en médecine nucléaire." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0093.
Full textChamberland, Maxime. "Développement d’outils neuroinformatiques spécialisés pour améliorer l’analyse individuelle en médecine personnalisée." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10449.
Full textAbstract : Combining diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) permits a unique way of exploring brain connectivity in vivo. With dMRI, information about the structural architecture of the brain can be obtained by probing the diffusion of water molecules in and around the white matter (WM) fiber pathways. The process of virtually reconstructing these pathways is called tractography and still represents a difficult challenge in the field. With fMRI, functional connectivity is derived by examining the spatio-temporal correlations in the low frequency bracket of the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal. However, this process can be computationally expensive and requires anatomical knowledge. This thesis aims at shifting the standard brain imaging paradigm of generalizing information across individuals towards a subject-specific approach. Indeed, valuable information is discarded when assuming constant parameters across subjects. From a neurosurgical perspective, capturing the idiosyncrasies of individuals is paramount and requires a highlyspecialized set of mathematical tools. There have been huge advances in the sophistication of brain imaging techniques to treat brain diseases, but computational infrastructure to support the guidance of such treatment has lagged behind, hindering accessibility to their robust deployment. It is therefore imperative to develop a set of new mathematical and computational tools that can handle the complexity of these data in a time efficient manner. Here, applied cutting edge computational methods to improve scientific visualization of brain imaging data in a subject-specific fashion. Ultimately, the methods proposed here will allow surgeons to make a far more informed decision on patient outcome.
Gorenjak, Vesna. "Stratégies de médecine personnalisée pour l’étude et l’utilisation de nouveaux biomarqueurs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0106/document.
Full textThe fight against common chronic diseases requires the implementation of new risk prediction and prevention strategies. Personalised medicine offers sophisticated approaches for management of the morbidities of the ageing population. In this thesis, inspired by the principles of personalised medicine, we describe an integrative approach combining “-omics” methodologies. We use a model of a “common denominator” for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases to identify biomarkers linked with common diseases risk factors and molecular pathways. With the investigation of genetic variants, located in the region of the TREM2 gene, we identified the association of SNP rs6918289 with increased levels of TNF-α and intima-media thickness of the femoral artery. With the use of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), we identified novel epigenetic biomarkers related to common diseases risk factors: central obesity and lipid levels. One methylation site (CpG) was associated with increased waist circumference (cg16170243), which could explain the epigenetic regulation of central obesity. Moreover, an EWAS of the triglyceride levels identified two significant CpG sites, one of which was replicated in the adipose tissue (cg04580029), giving insights into epigenetic regulation of lipid levels. An EWAS was also used to study the epigenetics of VEGF-A levels; 20 CpG sites were identified and their relations with VEGF-A regulation were analysed through detailed bioinformatics analysis. VEGF-A was further investigated for its relation with 11 cytokines. VEGF-A protein levels were associated with IL-4, MCP1 and EGF. Specific VEGF-A mRNA isoforms were also investigated for their association with cytokines; VEGF165 showed associations with MCP1 and IL-1α and VEGF189 with IL-4 and IL-6. Together with another important biomarker, TL, we studied the role of VEGF-A in atherosclerosis and identified one VEGF-A related genetic variant associated with telomere attrition, which could present a common denominator of chronic diseases. The employment of diverse methodologies for the investigation of common chronic diseases risk factors and pathways provided new diagnostic markers and generated results, which could help to improve the diseases risk prediction based on the individual genetic “make-up”. New insights into associations between different biomarkers might help in understanding the pathophysiological pathways common between CVDs and other chronic diseases
Realini, Laurence. "Etude des conditions optimales pour la croissance in vitro de "Mycobacterium genavense"." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211841.
Full textDeffrasnes, Céline. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques pour contrer les infections causées par le metapneumovirus humain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26340/26340.pdf.
Full textRespiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. New viruses are constantly discovered and one of them, the human Metapneumovirus (hMPV), was identified in 2001. hMPV causes upper and lower respiratory infections ranging from cold- or flu-like illnesses to more severe and life-threatening infections such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. hMPV is only second or third to human respiratory syncytial virus in frequency and sometimes as frequent as human influenza viruses in causing respiratory infections. The majority of severe infections caused by hMPV are seen in individuals having the weakest immune system such as young children, elderly and immunocompromised subjects. Many studies tend to demonstrate that severe viral respiratory infection during childhood can lead to asthma development later in life. Unfortunately, physicians have no vaccine or treatment to fight against severe hMPV infections. Genome and protein fonction analyses are offering promising avenues for the development of effective antivirals. Moreover, hMPV pathogenesis has been described in a murine model which now offers a convenient way to evaluate candidate molecules. This PhD project main goal was therefore to design new molecules against hMPV infections. For that matter, two steps of hMPV replication cycle were targeted, i.e., virus entry into the host cell which happens by a fusion mechanism, and viral genome replication inside the infected cell. The first molecule successfully identified is a fusion inhibitor, the HRA2 peptide that showed highly potent activity against hMPV in vitro but also in vivo. The second group of molecules corresponds to small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting genes essential for hMPV replication. RNA interference has been a rapidly growing field since its first description in the 1990’s. Here, we identified two highly effective siRNAs against hMPV in vitro which target the nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein. Evaluation of these siRNAs in a murine model of hMPV infection also showed great possibilities.
Doucet, Gilles. "Les vecteurs viraux pour le développement de thérapies géniques ex vivo dans les cellules du muscle squelettique humain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24119/24119.pdf.
Full textTran, Joliette Minh Lan. "Analyse organisationnelle de l'accessibilité aux services de santé mentale pour la population anglophone dans la région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22219/22219.pdf.
Full textPotvin, Camille. "L'outil bio-informatique Genes to diseases : une nouvelle approche méthodologique pour l'identification de gènes d'asthme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26903/26903.pdf.
Full textBagna, Maimouna. "Utilisation des réflexes cutanés pour étudier les mécanismes de la plasticité adaptative locomotrice chez l'homme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30561/30561.pdf.
Full textMaheux, Andrée. "Développement de tests moléculaires pour l’évaluation de la qualité microbiologique de l’eau potable." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28294/28294_1.pdf.
Full textAdler, Michael. "Contribution à l'étude de la fonction hépatique: application pour l'indication d'une transplantation hépatique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213099.
Full textLauzier, Sophie. "Coûts du cancer du sein pour la femme et sa famille." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24812/24812.pdf.
Full textTraoré, Aïcha Nina. "Mesure de l'incidence de l'hépatite virale B selon la séroconversion pour l'AC HBC, chez les donneurs de sang du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24027/24027.pdf.
Full textThe goal of this study was to evaluate the residual risk of hepatitis B viral (HBV) by measuring its incidence among 112,242 blood donors at Hema-Quebec, via the seroconversion for the antibody directed against the core (anti-HBc) instead of the usual surface antigen (HBsAg). We considered as incident cases donors who had a seroconversion for the anti-HBc and who were screened positive for the anti-HBs (antibody directed against the HBsAg). From April 2003 to April 2005, the identification of 13 anti-HBc incident cases and 3 for HBsAg permitted us to estimate respective incidences of 12.6 x 105 person-years-1 and 3.35 x 105 person-years-1, which corresponded to residual risks of 1 in 63,018 donations and 1 in 237,731 donations. The HBV incidence via the anti-HBc seroconversion is different from the estimate via the HBsAg. Our study suggests that anti-HBc seroconversion may not be a reliable marker of recent hepatitis B infection.
Kocnar, Laurent. "Anesthésie et sédation pour l'intubation endotrachéale en médecine préhospitalière : Proposition d'une pharmacopée pour les médecins non-anesthésistes." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11079.
Full textLafrenière, Jean-François. "Utilisation de facteurs motogéniques afin d'améliorer le succès de la thérapie cellulaire pour le traitement de la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25001/25001.pdf.
Full textDue to the absence of dystrophin, muscle fibers of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients are fragile and their constant ruptures induce a progressive lost of muscular tissues. Myoblast transplantation (MT) is an experimental treatment for DMD. Following their intramuscular injection, healthy myogenic precursor cells are able to fuse with host fibers and restore dystrophin expression. Although MT had efficiently restore dystrophin expression in DMD patients; transplantation success following a single injection is limited. The low dispersion of dystrophin expressing fibers is a major problem that requires myoblast injections every millimetre to obtain an optimal graft success. Since poor transplanted cell migration outside the injection sites has been proposed to explain the restriction of hybrid myofibers, motogenic factors were tested to verify whether their co-injection with transplanted myoblasts is a physiological and effective approach to stimulate proteolytic activity as well as myoblast intramuscular migration. Results demonstrated that insulin growth factor-1, basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-4 show strong chemokinetic potential for human skeletal myoblasts and increase the migration distances reached by transplanted cells. By improving cell migration through muscular tissue, we hoped that growth factors co-injection would help transplanted cells to fuse with myofibers located outside the injection sites. However, experiments conducted in monkeys suggest that improvement of transplanted cell migration is not, per se, a sufficient approach to increase the quantity and dispersion of hybrid fibers. Generally, our work helped to clarify and redefine a major problem, which limits graft success. Even if short-term observations suggest that transplanted cells are not always trapped inside the injection sites, myofibers including grafted cell nuclei remain restricted to the injection trajectories one month post transplantation. Lack of fusion with undamaged myofibers located outside the injection sites will probably have to be resolved to improve dispersion of hybrid myofibers and thus reduce the number of injections required for the treatment of DMD patients. As long as this fusion problem remains, all approaches, which increase transplanted cell migration, will not be sufficient to increase MT success.
Goczkowski, Mathieu. "Conception et élaboration de matériaux à biodégradabilité contrôlée pour la médecine régénérative." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0920.
Full textFibrin gels are of interest in regenerative medicine, as they mimic the provisory matrix synthesized during wound healing process. However, when prepared at physiologic concentration, these gels cannot be handled, nor stocked in dry state. To face these drawbacks, they can be associated with another polymer network, in an Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN). This strategy was used to associate to a fibrin network, a semi-synthetic conetwork composed of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), obtained by photopolymerization of methacrylate-modified BSA and PEG.It was demonstrated through ex vivo and in in vitro experiments that these materials have numerous potential applications, as they support on their surface, the culture of numerous cell types. Moreover, it was observed that they may be used as drug carrier for drug release applications.Moreover, the technology was optimized by modifying the methacrylate functions on the precursors for acrylate functions. This modification allowed to reduce the toxicity of the process, while preserving materials performances. It was also demonstrated that these optimized materials have different degradation mechanisms, which are controllable by their initial formulation.Finally, 2 new groups of fibrin-based IPNs were developed, by associating to a fibrin network, another protein network, the silk fibroin. Perfectly handable IPNs were obtained, which support on their surface the culture of fibroblasts. These materials are then very promising for skin tissue engineering, and most likely other applications
Bodio, Ewen. "Synthèse de ligands ambidents "N2S2" / "N4" pour des applications en médecine nucléaire." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2058.
Full textThis work describes the design and the synthesis of new chelating agents for applications in nuclear medicine and particularly for positron emission tomography (PET) and radioimmunotherapy (RIT). Copper isotopes are known for their use in PET or in RIT, so we focus our attention on the complexation of this metal. After having determined characteristics required to get copper ligands, we present an efficient and versatile microwave-assisted method to synthesize copper ligands. The particularity of these chelating agents is the fact that they are ambident: they are potentially able to chelate metal with four nitrogen atoms (ligands "N4") or with two nitrogen atoms and two sulfur atoms (ligands "N2S2"). This property is given by a bis(hydrazone) skeleton containing two thiazol rings which can spin by free rotation around a single bond. After check that these ligands are easily functionnalisable to be attached to a biological vector, their chelating power was estimated. The complexes obtained were examined by several analytic methods such as EDX, UV, IR, mass, X-ray spectroscopies,… to find their structure. We conclude with the first 64Cu complexation tests carried out for PET application
Duchemin, Charlotte. "Étude de voies alternatives pour la production de radionucléides innovants pour les applications médicales." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=235ec580-c5bc-4a65-ab94-22690cad4585.
Full textNuclear medicine is a specialty that uses radioactive nuclei for therapy or diagnosis of diseases such as different types of cancer. These radionuclides are coupled to carrier molecules to target sick cells. Currently, only few isotopes are used in clinical practice. However, many others may be of medical interest due to their emitted radiation and/or their half-life that can be adapted to the carrier molecule transit time and to the pathology. The aim of this PhD thesis is to study the production of innovative radionuclides for therapy and diagnosis applications in collaboration with the GIP ARRONAX, which possesses a multi-particle high energy cyclotron. A fundamental physical parameter to access the production rate of a radionuclide is the production cross section. Experimental data were measured for a selection of radionuclides: photon emitter (Tc-99m) and positron emitter (Sc-44g) for diagnosis, as well as electron emitters (Re-186, Tb-155 and Sn-117m) and α particles emitters (Th-226, Ra-223 and Bi-213) for therapeutic applications. These acquired data are obtained using alternative production routes compared to the commonly used. Data related to the contaminants produced during the irradiations were also extracted. The experimental cross section values are compared with theoretical model predictions. The large set of data obtained contributes to the theoretical physicist studies allowing to constrain their models to improve and/or validate them
Ayan, Diana. "Activité biologique in vitro et in vivo de dérivés stéroïdiens pour le traitement du cancer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28565/28565.pdf.
Full textEl, Fakhri Georges. "Evaluation pour la quantification en tomographie d'émission monophotonique." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T054.
Full textNicolas, Koutras Mafra Carolina. "Étude de l'interaction PS1/NPRAP et implications pour la maladie d'alzheimer." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28267/28267.pdf.
Full textHachicha, Walid. "Développement d'une forme particulaire à base de vancomycine pour application intraoculaire." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10084.
Full textEndophthalmitis may occur as a complication of cataract surgery. To avoid this complication, vancomycin may be introduced eye. This antibiotic must however be maintained at an efficient intracocular concentration for a sufficient period of time. To resolve the issue of the short half-life of this antibacterial, we developped vancomycin based microparticles with continuous release. These microparticles were tested in-vitro, on bacteria, and in-vivo, on rabbits. Our experiments showed good tolerance and efficiency on vancomycin sensitive bacteria. On rabbits, the use of microparticles led to a significant improvement of clinical condiction, compared to a single use of classical vancomycin in solution. Our study proves that microparticles are an interesting form for intraocular route. Infact, by guaranteeing continuous drug release, a single intraocular injection is needed, avoiding then the risk and incomfort of multiple injections
Vancamberg, Laurence. "Assistance robotique pour la biopsie du sein guidée par tomosynthèse numérique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066190.
Full textToday, the standard procedure for X-ray guided breast biopsy is stereotaxy. As the radiologist inserts the needle into the breast, lesion displacements and needle deviation introduce tool positioning errors, reducing the procedure accuracy. In our work, we consider biopsy guided by digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) that allows a reconstruction of a three-dimensional image of the breast. The main objective of this thesis is to propose robotic solutions to assist the radiologist. In particular, the addressed problem focuses on the development of a path planning technique for a robotized needle guide positioner, taking into account breast deformations and needle deviation, in order to ensure that the radiologist reaches the target. In this manuscript, the developed planning method is presented. Our approach consists in finding a first geometrical solution considering the breast as a rigid medium. This first solution is afterwards refined taking into account breast deformations occurring during needle insertion. The relevance of our planning method is evaluated by simulations. Then, an experimental validation of the planning method on phantoms is performed, demonstrating the benefits of considering the breast as deformable and heterogeneous for the planning step. Finally, as the planning method uses finite element analyzes (FEM), requiring a deformable model, another contribution of this thesis is the development of a specific method to extract such a breast deformation model from DBT images, based on an estimation of the 3D local fibroglandular density of the tissues. The design of an original test phantom allows us to evaluate the efficiency of the extracted DBT model
Comas, Laurent. "Modèles et algorithmes pour la scintigraphie cardiaque." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2022.
Full textIn medicine, modeling is an essential step for the evaluation of the acquisition and reconstruction methods and image analysis. In the first part of this thesis, a bibliographical study of models was made. It allowed the selection of NCAT model for its qualities of realism and of flexibility for simulating myocardial single photon emission computerised tomography. This examination is used for evaluating perfusion and kinetics of the myocardium. In the second part, for the quantification, algorithms of image segmentation were developed in order to isolate the heart among the noise and the other tissues. In the third part, two applications were developed : acquisition defects, such as time tracer stability, were simulated and their impact on the reconstructed images was measured; an information compression algorithm, the Karhunen-Loeve transformation, was evaluated for its efficacy in detecting and quantifying serial changes in myocardial perfusion
Devers, Gilles. "Pour une réforme de l'ordre des médecins." Lyon 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO33039.
Full textRiman, Chadi. "Méthodologie de développement d'une plateforme d'évaluation pour le handicap : application pour les interfaces de commande." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0033.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study and do a conceptual work of an evaluation tool for handicapped persons. Our work is to create a software platform for interface and assistance evaluation (PLEIA) wich has to answer multiple needs for the command interface : command aptitude evaluation, interface and feedback evaluation and assitance evaluation. The methodology that we followed consists of choosing a command interface that can be described following two tasks : computer using and functional. We cut PLEIA functions into 4 functional blocs : pointing (interface), awakening ( learn input/output), functional and therapeutic environment. The PLEIA tool permits an assistance. With a therapist using the system, we can have an aptitude evaluation and/or education aid for a person. The therapist can create an exercise and activity measure for a chosen situation (functional bloc). He can have multiples modality (or services) configurations : evaluation, assistance, adaptation and supervision. The validation of the 4 functional blocs was partially done by demonstrations and targeted population in France (St. Maurice and Garches hospitals) and in Lebanon (AinWazein hospital)
Gamache, Stéphanie. "Développement d'indicateurs de mesure de l'accessibilité aux infrastructures urbaines pour les adultes ayant des déficiences physiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29733/29733.pdf.
Full textKnoop, Christiane. "Microchimérisme sanguin et fonction des cellules présentatrices d'antigènes: implications pour l'acceptation du greffon après transplantation pulmonaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211701.
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