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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanisms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Yonetani, Takashi. "Allosteric Mechanism of Hemoglobin: Concerted Mechanisms or Graded Mechanisms." Biophysical Journal 96, no. 3 (February 2009): 438a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.2244.

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2

Burns, John W. "Mechanisms, mechanisms, mechanisms." PAIN 157, no. 11 (November 2016): 2393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000696.

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3

Dworczak, Piotr. "Mechanism Design With Aftermarkets: Cutoff Mechanisms." Econometrica 88, no. 6 (2020): 2629–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta15768.

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I study a mechanism design problem in which a designer allocates a single good to one of several agents, and the mechanism is followed by an aftermarket—a post‐mechanism game played between the agent who acquired the good and third‐party market participants. The designer has preferences over final outcomes, but she cannot design the aftermarket. However, she can influence its information structure by publicly disclosing information elicited from the agents by the mechanism. I introduce a class of allocation and disclosure rules, called cutoff rules, that disclose information about the buyer's type only by revealing information about the realization of a random threshold (cutoff) that she had to outbid to win the object. When there is a single agent in the mechanism, I show that the optimal cutoff mechanism offers full privacy to the agent. In contrast, when there are multiple agents, the optimal cutoff mechanism may disclose information about the winner's type; I provide sufficient conditions for optimality of simple designs. I also characterize aftermarkets for which restricting attention to cutoff mechanisms is without loss of generality in a subclass of all feasible mechanisms satisfying additional conditions.

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4

Jensen, Brian D., and Larry L. Howell. "Identification of Compliant Pseudo-Rigid-Body Four-Link Mechanism Configurations Resulting in Bistable Behavior." Journal of Mechanical Design 125, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1625399.

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Bistable mechanisms, which have two stable equilibria within their range of motion, are important parts of a wide variety of systems, such as closures, valves, switches, and clasps. Compliant bistable mechanisms present design challenges because the mechanism’s energy storage and motion characteristics are strongly coupled and must be considered simultaneously. This paper studies compliant bistable mechanisms which may be modeled as four-link mechanisms with a torsional spring at one joint. Theory is developed to predict compliant and rigid-body mechanism configurations which guarantee bistable behavior. With this knowledge, designers can largely uncouple the motion and energy storage requirements of a bistable mechanism design problem. Examples demonstrate the power of the theory in bistable mechanism design.

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5

Beyhaghi, Hedyeh, Negin Golrezaei, Renato Paes Leme, Martin Pál, and Balasubramanian Sivan. "Improved Revenue Bounds for Posted-Price and Second-Price Mechanisms." Operations Research 69, no. 6 (November 2021): 1805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2021.2121.

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How to optimize posted price mechanisms? The sequential posted-price (SPP) mechanism is one of the widely used selling mechanisms in practice. In this mechanism, the seller presents each buyer with a price sequentially and the buyer can either accept or reject the mechanism's offer. Despite the widespread use of the SPP mechanism, the problem of optimizing prices in this mechanism has not been fully addressed. In a paper entitled, “Improved Revenue Bounds for Posted-Price and Second-Price Mechanisms,” H. Beyhaghi, N. Golrezaei, R. Paes Leme, M. Pal, and B. Sivan construct SPP mechanisms by considering the best of two simple pricing rules: one that imitates the optimal mechanism and the other that posts a uniform price (same price for every buyer). Their simple pricing rules can be easily generalized to the setting with multiple units and yield the first improvement over long-established approximation factors.

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6

Cheng, Yingjie, Peng Song, Yukun Lu, Wen Jie Jeremy Chew, and Ligang Liu. "Exact 3D Path Generation via 3D Cam-Linkage Mechanisms." ACM Transactions on Graphics 41, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3550454.3555431.

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Exact 3D path generation is a fundamental problem of designing a mechanism to make a point exactly move along a prescribed 3D path , driven by a single actuator. Existing mechanisms are insufficient to address this problem. Planar linkages and their combinations with gears and/or plate cams can only generate 2D paths while 1-DOF spatial linkages can only generate 3D paths with rather simple shapes. In this paper, we present a new 3D cam-linkage mechanism, consisting of two 3D cams and five links, for exactly generating a continuous 3D path. To design a 3D cam-linkage mechanism, we first model a 3-DOF 5-bar spatial linkage to exactly generate a prescribed 3D path and then reduce the spatial linkage's DOFs from 3 to 1 by composing the linkage with two 3D cam-follower mechanisms. Our computational approach optimizes the 3D cam-linkage mechanism's topology and geometry to minimize the mechanism's total weight while ensuring smooth, collision-free, and singularity-free motion. We show that our 3D cam-linkage mechanism is able to exactly generate a continuous 3D path with arbitrary shape and a finite number of C 0 points, evaluate the mechanism's kinematic performance with 3D printed prototypes, and demonstrate that the mechanism can be generalized for exact 3D motion generation.

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7

Tichánek, Radek. "Dasy Based Tool for The Design of Ice Mechanisms." Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 13, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mecdc-2015-0013.

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Shrnutí Článek prezentuje nastroj pro navrhovani novych mechanismů spalovaciho motoru založeny na znalostni databazi DASY. Z mechanismů motoru byl vybran rozvodovy mechanismus OHC na kterem byl nastroj vyvinut a testovan. Nastroj obsahuje kinematicky a dynamicky model rozvodu napojeny na klikovy mechanismus. Podrobnou kalibraci a naslednou validaci třech dynamickych modelů s měřenymi daty, byly ziskany hodnoty neznamych parametrů modelů, ktere jsou zaznamenany v DASY a mnohe parametry jsou přimo použitelne pro navrh noveho mechanismu i při změně geometrie některych časti. V članku jsou prezentovany tři postupy použite nejen pro kalibraci, ale take pro identifikaci vlivu neznamych parametrů na průběh zrychleni ventilu a jeho kmitani. Nastroj byl použit pro navrhy obrysů vaček pro prototyp realneho mechanismu.

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8

FUNABASHI, Hiroaki. "Parallel Mechanisms As a New Robotic Mechanism." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 10, no. 6 (1992): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.10.699.

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9

Feess, Eberhard, Christian Grund, Markus Walzl, and Ansgar Wohlschlegel. "Competing trade mechanisms and monotone mechanism choice." European Journal of Operational Research 280, no. 3 (February 2020): 1108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.08.013.

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10

TAKEO, Koji, and Kazuhiro KOSUGE. "Parallel Mechanisms. Motion Control of Parallel Mechanism." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 63, no. 12 (1997): 1655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.63.1655.

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11

SHIBUKAWA, Tetsuro, Taizo TOYAMA, and Kazuya HATTORI. "Parallel Mechanisms. Parallel Mechanism Based Milling Machine." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 63, no. 12 (1997): 1671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.63.1671.

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12

Mihaljevic, Slobodan, Matko Pavlovic, Kresimir Reine, and Marko Cacic. "THERAPEUTIC MECHANISMS OF KETAMINE." Psychiatria Danubina 32, no. 3-4 (December 24, 2020): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2020.325.

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13

Nehemiah, P. "Balancing of Stephenson’s Mechanisms." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 5, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 1683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/22774106/5.3.2015.33.

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14

Zhang, W., X. Ding, and J. Liu. "A representation of the configurations and evolution of metamorphic mechanisms." Mechanical Sciences 7, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-7-39-2016.

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Abstract. Metamorphic mechanisms are members of the class of mechanisms that are able to change their configurations sequentially to meet different requirements. The paper introduces a comprehensive symbolic matrix representation for characterizing the topology of one of these mechanisms in a single configuration using general information concerning links and joints. Furthermore, a matrix representation of an original metamorphic mechanism that has the ability to evolve is proposed by uniting the matrices representing all of the mechanism's possible configurations. The representation of metamorphic kinematic joints is developed in accordance with the variation laws of these mechanisms. By introducing the joint variation matrices derived from generalized operations on the related symbolic adjacency matrices, evolutionary relationships between mechanisms in adjacent configurations and the original metmaorphic mechanism are made distinctly. Examples are provided to demonstrate the validation of the method.

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15

Guo, M., E. Markakis, K. R. Apt, and V. Conitzer. "Undominated Groves Mechanisms." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 46 (January 31, 2013): 129–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.3810.

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The family of Groves mechanisms, which includes the well-known VCG mechanism (also known as the Clarke mechanism), is a family of efficient and strategy-proof mechanisms. Unfortunately, the Groves mechanisms are generally not budget balanced. That is, under such mechanisms, payments may flow into or out of the system of the agents, resulting in deficits or reduced utilities for the agents. We consider the following problem: within the family of Groves mechanisms, we want to identify mechanisms that give the agents the highest utilities, under the constraint that these mechanisms must never incur deficits. We adopt a prior-free approach. We introduce two general measures for comparing mechanisms in prior-free settings. We say that a non-deficit Groves mechanism M individually dominates another non-deficit Groves mechanism M' if for every type profile, every agent's utility under M is no less than that under M', and this holds with strict inequality for at least one type profile and one agent. We say that a non-deficit Groves mechanism M collectively dominates another non-deficit Groves mechanism M' if for every type profile, the agents' total utility under M is no less than that under M', and this holds with strict inequality for at least one type profile. The above definitions induce two partial orders on non-deficit Groves mechanisms. We study the maximal elements corresponding to these two partial orders, which we call the individually undominated mechanisms and the collectively undominated mechanisms, respectively.

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16

Olifirenko, Liliіa Dmytrivna. "FUNCTIONAL REVIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERRELATIONS OF MECHANISMS OF REGULATION OF BUSINESS ENTITIES DEVELOPMENT." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA 1, no. 3(11) (2017): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2017-1-3(11)-136-144.

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17

Arsenault, Marc, and Clément M. Gosselin. "DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF A SPATIAL 3-DOF TENSEGRITY MECHANISM." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 29, no. 4 (December 2005): 491–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2005-0030.

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Tensegrity mechanisms have the advantage of being relatively lightweight due to. their extensive use of cables and springs. As such, they have the potential of being an attractive alternative to conventional mechanisms in certain application environments. However, the presence of unconstrained degrees of freedom in tensegrity mechanisms leads to a dynamic behaviour that cannot be directly controlled with the actuators. In this work, the dynamic model of a novel spatial three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) tensegrity mechanism is developed using the Lagrangian formulation. The resulting equations of motion are then solved to simulate the mechanism's motion between equilibrium configurations. Since the mechanism is subjected to holonomic nonlinear geometrical constraints, these must be considered during the solution of its forward dynamic problem. It is seen that the use of damping in the springs is not very efficient in dissipating the mechanism's energy during motion.

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18

Wang, Jin, Zijian Jing, Zongliang Xie, Zongqi Ning, and Bo Qi. "Analysis and Optimization of Dynamic and Static Characteristics of the Compliant-Amplifying Mechanisms." Micromachines 14, no. 8 (July 26, 2023): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14081502.

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Compliant amplifying mechanisms are used widely in high-precision instruments driven by piezoelectric actuators, and the dynamic and static characteristics of these mechanisms are closely related to instrument performance. Although the majority of existing research has focused on analysis of their static characteristics, the dynamic characteristics of the mechanisms affect their response speeds directly. Therefore, this paper proposes a comprehensive theoretical model of compliant-amplifying mechanisms based on the multi-body system transfer matrix method to analyze the dynamic and static characteristics of these mechanisms. The effects of the main amplifying mechanism parameters on the displacement amplification ratio and the resonance frequency are analyzed comprehensively using the control variable method. An iterative optimization algorithm is also used to obtain specific parameters that meet the design requirements. Finally, simulation analyses and experimental verification tests are performed. The results indicate the feasibility of using the proposed theoretical compliant-amplifying mechanism model to describe the mechanism’s dynamic and static characteristics, which represents a significant contribution to the design and optimization of compliant-amplifying mechanisms.

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19

Krishnamurty, S., and David A. Turcic. "Branching Determination in Nondyadic Planar Multiloop Mechanisms." Journal of Mechanical Design 114, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2916938.

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The paper presents the development of a sub-Jacobian based method for the identification and elimination of branch defects during synthesis in nondyadic planar multiloop mechanisms. Branching occurrences in a given mechanism can be recognized by the resulting changes in the configurations of one or more of the sets of three constraints that form the mechanism. Further, any such change in a constraint set configuration will be characterized by a corresponding change in the determinant sign of its sub-Jacobian matrix. Applying this method, branching can be eliminated during synthesis by identifying all such constraint sets for the mechanism and using the determinant signs of their sub-Jacobian matrices to maintain the mechanism’s original configuration.

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20

Arsenault, Marc. "DETERMINATION OF THE ANALYTICAL WORKSPACE BOUNDARIES OF A NOVEL 2-DOF PLANAR TENSEGRITY MECHANISM." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 34, no. 1 (March 2010): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2010-0005.

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Tensegrity mechanisms are slowly emerging as potential alternatives to more conventional mechanisms for certain types of applications where a reduced inertia of the mobile parts and a high payload to weight ratio are sought. With this in mind, a two-degree-of-freedom planar tensegrity mechanism is developed using a simple actuation strategy to keep the mechanism in self-stressed configurations. Solutions to the mechanism’s direct and inverse kinematic problems are first developed and are then used to determine analytical expressions for its workspace boundaries.

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21

SONG, Xiaoqi, Weiming HE, and Tohru IHARA. "WeC-1-1 Predicting Periodic Evolution of BUE Formation Mechanisms during Machining Ductile Material Using Damage Mechanics." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2015 (2015): _WeC—1–1–1—_WeC—1–1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2015._wec-1-1-1.

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22

Sheth, Bhavin R., and Daw-An Wu. "Single mechanism, divergent effects; multiple mechanisms, convergent effect." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 2 (April 2008): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08003981.

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AbstractIt is commonplace for a single physiological mechanism to seed multiple phenomena, and for multiple mechanisms to contribute to a single phenomenon. We propose that the flash-lag effect should not be considered a phenomenon with a single cause. Instead, its various aspects arise from the convergence of a number of different mechanisms proposed in the literature. We further give an example of how a neuron's generic spatio-temporal response profile can form a physiological basis not only of “prediction,” but also of many of the other proposed flash-lag mechanisms, thus recapitulating a spectrum of flash-lag phenomena. Finally, in agreeing that such basic predictive mechanisms are present throughout the brain, we argue that motor prediction contributes more to biological fitness than visual prediction.

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23

KAKINO, Yoshiaki. "Parallel Mechanisms. Expectations of Machines using Parallel Mechanism." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 63, no. 12 (1997): 1643–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.63.1643.

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24

WATANABE, Katsumi, Yuichi YAMAZAKI, and Takeshi OZAWA. "Driving Mechanism of Nongrashof Planar Four-Link Mechanisms." Proceedings of the Machine Design and Tribology Division meeting in JSME 2004.4 (2004): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemdt.2004.4.79.

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25

ŠMERINGAIOVÁ, Anna. "COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF MECHANISMS." Trends in Education 11, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5507/tvv.2018.009.

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26

Alexander, R. McN. "Elastic mechanisms in primate locomotion." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie 78, no. 3 (June 10, 1991): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zma/78/1991/315.

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27

N.I, Xamidov. "Loan Mechanisms For Small Businesses." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, no. 05 (May 7, 2021): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue05-30.

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The article examines the development of scientific and practical proposals for the mechanism of lending to small businesses by commercial banks, thereby increasing the financial stability of banks, creating opportunities for long-term lending to customers, lending to small businesses by banks and increasing entrepreneurship. The authors have developed their own approach to this problem on the basis of the literary sources of foreign and domestic scholars. In addition, the article presents relevant proposals and recommendations.

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28

Valkonen, J. P. T. "Mechanisms of resistance to viruses." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (January 1, 2002): S132—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10337-pps.

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Resistance associated with a hypersensitive response (HR) and subsequent development of necrotic lesions (cell death) at the sites of virus infection can restrict virus movement in plants. Genes for HR are dominant and act on a gene-for-gene basis. Many viral proteins triggering HR have been identified. Also, several genes for HR-based virus resistance, or virus-induced cell death without resistance, have been isolated and characterized in plants, which provides novel insights to the mechanisms of virus resistance. Another international, major research frontier has formed more recently around RNA silencing, a universal RNA surveillance system and inducible virus defence mechanism in multicellular organisms. Many viral proteins interfere with different phases of RNA silencing. The data provide novel insights to break-down of resistance in mixed virus infections (viral synergism), resistance to virus movement, and recovery of plants from virus infection.

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29

Ji, Zhifei, Tuanjie Li, and Min Lin. "Kinematics, Singularity, and Workspaces of a Planar 4-Bar Tensegrity Mechanism." Journal of Robotics 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/967251.

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Compared with conventional mechanisms, tensegrity mechanisms have many attractive characteristics such as light weight, high ratio of strength to weight, and accuracy of modeling. In this paper, the kinematics, singularity, and workspaces of a planar 4-bar tensegrity mechanism have been investigated. Firstly, the analytical solutions to the forward and inverse kinematic problems are found by using an energy based method. Secondly, the definition of a tensegrity mechanism’s Jacobian is introduced. As a consequence, the singularity analysis of the planar 4-bar tensegrity mechanism has been completed. Thirdly, the actuator and output workspaces are mapped. Finally, some attractive characteristics of the mechanism are concluded.

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Fowler, R. M., L. L. Howell, and S. P. Magleby. "Compliant space mechanisms: a new frontier for compliant mechanisms." Mechanical Sciences 2, no. 2 (October 20, 2011): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-2-205-2011.

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Abstract. Compliant mechanisms offer distinct advantages for use in space that can address many of the issues encountered with current rigid-link space mechanisms. Compliant space mechanisms are defined as moveable mechanical assemblies that achieve their desired motion, force, or displacement by means of the deflection of flexible members and can perform a necessary function in the environments of launch and space. Many current space mechanisms are already highly optimized, yet they still experience inherent challenges, and it is unclear if significant improvements in performance can be made by continuing to refine current designs. Compliant space mechanisms offer a promising opportunity to change the fundamental approach to achieving controlled motion in space systems and have potential for dramatic increases in mechanism performance given the constraints of the space environment. This paper proposes the merger of the fields of compliant mechanisms and space mechanisms as a future direction of research in compliant mechanisms, discusses in detail the motivation to do so, and addresses the key factors of applying compliant mechanism technology to space mechanisms.

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31

Wang, Jun, Mingquan Yang, and Yizhe Huang. "The Kinematic Investigation of the Stephenson-III Spherical Mechanism with a Spherical Slider Containing a Spherical Prismatic Pair." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (June 23, 2023): 7454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137454.

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Multi-loop spherical mechanisms are extremely beneficial for creating versatile mechanical devices, including robotic joints and surgical tools, since multi-loop spherical mechanisms possess unique capabilities to operate in spatial situations with relatively simple movement. Nevertheless, the research on multi-loop spherical mechanisms with spherical sliders containing spherical prismatic pairs is lacking. Therefore, the main innovation of this paper is to propose the Stephenson-III two-loop spherical mechanism that possesses a spherical slider containing a spherical prismatic pair and to analyze the proposed spherical mechanism’s motion characteristics. An algebraic approach was employed to obtain the branch graphs of the proposed spherical mechanism with a spherical slider. The branch graphs were categorized into two types, according to whether branch points existed. With the algebraic approach, loop equations of the two spherical kinematic chains inside the proposed spherical mechanism were established to identify the input–output curves and singularity curves, with which the branch graphs were obtained. With the branch graphs, the joint rotation spaces (JRSs) of the proposed mechanism were recognized and so were the dead center positions, branches, sub-branches, and branch points. The results from the mathematical analysis were simulated and verified by three-dimensional (3D) models of the proposed spherical mechanism. The analytical results demonstrate that the spherical prismatic pair diversifies the motion of the proposed spherical mechanism by producing rotational sliding movement, which can cover the entire circumference of a specific greater circle on the proposed mechanism’s sphere.

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Arsenault, Marc, and Clément M. Gosselin. "Kinematic, Static, and Dynamic Analysis of a Planar One-Degree-of-Freedom Tensegrity Mechanism." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 6 (February 2, 2005): 1152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1913705.

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The use of tensegrity systems as structures has been extensively studied. However, their development for use as mechanisms is quite recent even though they present such advantages as reduced mass and a deployment capability. The object of this paper is to apply analysis methods usually reserved for conventional mechanisms to a planar one-degree-of-freedom tensegrity mechanism. This mechanism is obtained from a three-degree-of-freedom tensegrity system by adding actuation to the latter as well as by making some assumptions of symmetry. Analytical solutions are thus developed for the mechanism’s direct and inverse static problems. Furthermore, the working curve, singularities, and stiffness of the mechanism are detailed. Finally, a dynamic model of the mechanism is developed and a preliminary control scheme is proposed.

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33

Burkov, Vladimir, Oleg Loginovskiy, Oleg Dranko, and Alexander Hollay. "THE MECHANISMS OF SMART MANAGEMENT FOR INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES." Applied Mathematics and Control Sciences, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2499-9873/2020.1.04.

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In this article you can find some mathematical models of the smart management mechanisms that can be used in the organizational system of management of production corporations. The following mechanisms can be used to improve the management effectiveness of this system: the resource-allocating mechanism (the mechanism of direct priorities, the reverse priorities, the competitive mechanism, the mechanism of open management); the mechanism of active expertise (the mechanism of averaging experts' opinions, mechanisms based on median schemes); the mechanism of domestic prices; cost-cutting pricing and taxation mechanisms; the supply chain optimization mechanism; the assortment selection mechanism; incentive mechanisms (incentives for individual results, collective results, and the brigade payment mechanism); integrated mechanisms.

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34

Yang, Qiang, Hongkun Ma, Jiaocheng Ma, Zhili Sun, and Cuiling Li. "Sensitivity Analysis of Reliability of Low-Mobility Parallel Mechanisms Based on a Response Surface Method." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 9002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199002.

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Kinematic accuracy is a crucial indicator for evaluating the performance of mechanisms. Low-mobility parallel mechanisms are examples of parallel robots that have been successfully employed in many industrial fields. Previous studies analyzing the kinematic accuracy analysis of parallel mechanisms typically ignore the randomness of each component of input error, leading to imprecise conclusions. In this paper, we use homogeneous transforms to develop the inverse kinematics models of an improved Delta parallel mechanism. Based on the inverse kinematics and the first-order Taylor approximation, a model is presented considering errors from the kinematic parameters describing the mechanism’s geometry, clearance errors associated with revolute joints and driving errors associated with actuators. The response surface method is employed to build an explicit limit state function for describing position errors of the end-effector in the combined direction. As a result, a mathematical model of kinematic reliability of the improved Delta mechanism is derived considering the randomness of every input error component. And then, reliability sensitivity of the improved Delta parallel mechanism is analyzed, and the influences of the randomness of each input error component on the kinematic reliability of the mechanism are quantitatively calculated. The kinematic reliability and proposed sensitivity analysis provide a theoretical reference for the synthesis and optimum design of parallel mechanisms for kinematic accuracy.

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35

Tryon, Warren W. "Mediators and Mechanisms." Clinical Psychological Science 6, no. 5 (May 16, 2018): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702618765791.

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Mediators are widely thought to be mechanisms. Mediation is to mechanism what correlation is to causation. Statistical evidence of mediation is necessary but not sufficient evidence of mechanism just as statistical evidence of correlation is necessary but not sufficient evidence of cause. Mechanisms also require evidence of causation and an explanation regarding how and why mediation works in terms of a series of causal steps in order to have explanatory value. Otgaar, Muris Howe, and Merckelbach made a case for an associative activation psychological mechanism. This article further advances the case for an associative activation mechanism by showing that it is an important parallel distributed processing mechanism in the connectionist neural network models introduced by Rumelhart and McClelland.

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36

Altuzarra, Oscar, David Manuel Solanillas, Enrique Amezua, and Victor Petuya. "Path Analysis for Hybrid Rigid–Flexible Mechanisms." Mathematics 9, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 1869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9161869.

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Hybrid rigid–flexible mechanisms are a type of compliant mechanism that combines rigid and flexible elements, being that their mobility is due to rigid-body joints and the relative flexibility of bendable rods. Two of the modeling methods of flexible rods are the Cosserat rod model and its simplification, the Kirchhoff rod model. Both of them present a system of differential equations that must be solved in conjunction with the boundary constraints of the rod, leading to a boundary value problem (BVP). In this work, two methods to solve this BVP are applied to analyze the influence of external loads in the movement of hybrid compliant mechanisms. First, a shooting method (SM) is used to integrate directly the shape of the flexible rod and the forces that appear in it. Then, an integration with elliptic integrals (EI) is carried out to solve the workspace of the compliant element, considering its buckling mode. Applying both methods, an algorithm that obtains the locus of all possible trajectories of the mechanism’s coupler point, and detects the buckling mode change, is developed. This algorithm also allows calculating all possible circuits of the mechanism. Thus, the performance of this method within the path analysis of mechanisms is demonstrated.

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Li, G., and G. Chen. "A function for characterizing complete kinetostatic behaviors of compliant bistable mechanisms." Mechanical Sciences 5, no. 2 (December 12, 2014): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-5-67-2014.

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Abstract. In this paper, a straightforward and accurate numerical modeling (a rational function called "tri-root bistable function") are proposed to represent the complete nonlinear bistable force-displacement characteristics. The rational function has a cubic polynomial numerator and quadratic polynomial denominator. With three different kinds of compliant bistable mechanisms, the tri-root bistable function is proved effective and accurate, and that it is capable of capturing the key features of a bistable kinetostatic curve accurately with fewer parameters. Then, for the classic fully-compliant bistable mechanism, six closed-form equations are presented and used to describe the relationships between the tri-root bistable function parameters and the mechanism's design parameters, which are achieved using a multi-variable nonlinear regression. The regression analysis is validated by nonlinear finite element analysis. Finally, a fully-compliant statically balanced mechanism consisting of three different classic fully-compliant bistable mechanisms is illustrated to show the capability of the proposed method in designing compliant multi-stable mechanisms.

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Majid, Tuba, and Bruce W. Jo. "Status and Challenges on Design and Implementation of Camber Morphing Mechanisms." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2021 (December 14, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6399937.

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This paper presents state-of-the-art technologies of camber morphing mechanisms from the perspectives of design and implementation. Wing morphing technologies are aimed at making the aircraft more energy or aerodynamically efficient during flight by actively adjusting the wing shape, but their mechanism designs and implementation aspects are often overlooked from practical sense in many technical articles. Thus, it is of our interest that we thoroughly investigate morphing mechanisms and their nature of design principles and methodologies from the implementation and test flight aspects, navigate the trends, and evaluate progress for researchers’ methodology selection that possibly turns to design and build stages. This paper categorizes the camber morphing mechanisms from a wide collection of literature on morphing wings and their mechanisms, and the defined classifications are based on mechanism’s design features and synthesis methodology, i.e., by the tools and methods used to solve the design problem. The categories are (1) structure-based, (2) material-based, and (3) hybrid. Most of the structure-based camber morphing mechanisms have distinctive structural features; however, the material-based camber morphing mechanisms make use of material properties and tools to enhance the elastic nature of its structures. Lastly, the hybrid morphing mechanisms are a combination of both the aforementioned categories. In summary, this review provides researchers in the field of morphing mechanisms and wings with choices of materials, actuators, internal and external structure design for wings, and overarching process and design methodologies for implementation with futuristic and practical aspects of flight performance and applications. Moreover, through this critical review of morphing mechanism, selective design criteria for appropriate morphing mechanisms are discussed.

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Oiwa, Takaaki. "Precision Mechanisms Based on Parallel Kinematics." International Journal of Automation Technology 4, no. 4 (July 5, 2010): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2010.p0326.

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The parallel kinematic mechanism has been applied to simulators and robots for its high speed or multiple degrees of freedom. In recent years, however, it has begun to be used for precision mechanisms, such as machine tools, measuring machines, or fine-motion mechanisms. This review outlines the parallel kinematic mechanism and compares it with the conventional orthogonal coordinate mechanism to describe its nature and characteristics as a precision mechanism. It also introduces some cases in which the parallel kinematic mechanism is applied to fine motion mechanisms and three-dimensional coordinate measuring machines in addition to machine tools and robots. Finally, it discusses the problems and future of this parallel kinematic mechanism.

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Warisaya, Kanata, Jun Sato, and Tomohiro Tachi. "Freeform Auxetic Mechanisms Based on Corner-Connected Tiles." Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20898/j.iass.2022.020.

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Auxetic mechanisms based on corner-connected polygonal tiles have been used to design deployable structures and are currently applied to programmable surfaces. However, existing surface structures are realized by compliant kirigami, and the realization with rigid-body mechanism, in particular with thick panels, is still limited to configurations with global symmetries due to the mechanism's overconstraining nature. In this study, we generalize the auxetic mechanisms into freeform surfaces by imposing local symmetries on polyhedral surfaces. From the discussion of kinematics, we show that polyhedral surfaces whose edges coincide with a Voronoi diagram of points on the surface can be converted to kinematics systems of corner-connected kinematic tiles. We propose hard constraints to ensure the Voronoi property required for the kinematics and soft constraints to attain a large expansion ratio. Then, we provide an optimization-based scheme using the proposed constraints to achieve a mechanism from a given target surface. We also propose methods for accommodating the thickness of the tiles and show different variations of joints. As a result, we obtained deployable surfaces of positive and negative Gaussian curvature that can deploy and contract with a one-DOF mechanism. If the structure is viewed as a cellular material, it has an auxetic property with Poisson's ratio of -1. It is also potentially scalable to architectural applications because our mechanism is composed of rigid bodies and hinges.

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FURUKAWA, Eiichi, Makoto MIZUNO, and Kenji TERADA. "A Magnifying Mechanism for Use on Piezo-Driven Mechanisms." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 57, no. 8 (1991): 1363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.57.1363.

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YE, Wei. "Design of Reconfigurable Parallel Mechanisms with Discontinuously Movable Mechanism." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 51, no. 13 (2015): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2015.13.137.

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Funabashi, Hiroaki. "In-parallel actuated mechanisms as a new robotic mechanism." Advanced Robotics 8, no. 6 (January 1, 1993): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855394x00239.

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Dutta, Mitra, Michael A. Stroscio, Milana Vasudev, Dinakar Ramadurai, Leianne Torres, and Bruce J. West. "Blinking mechanism of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots: Blinking mechanisms." Journal of Computational Electronics 6, no. 1-3 (January 18, 2007): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10825-006-0120-8.

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Gao, Connie W., Joshua W. Allen, William H. Green, and Richard H. West. "Reaction Mechanism Generator: Automatic construction of chemical kinetic mechanisms." Computer Physics Communications 203 (June 2016): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2016.02.013.

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Morrison, D. C., and J. L. Ryan. "Mechanisms." Annual Review of Medicine 38, no. 1 (February 1987): 417–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.38.020187.002221.

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Marletta, Michael A., and John A. Gerlt. "Mechanisms." Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 4, no. 5 (October 2000): 531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-5931(00)00127-7.

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Benkovic, Stephen J., and Christopher T. Walsh. "Mechanisms." Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 3, no. 5 (October 1999): 571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-5931(99)00010-1.

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Matthews, Rowena G., and Christopher T. Walsh. "Mechanisms." Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 9, no. 5 (October 2005): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.08.022.

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Bastian, Joby, and B. Shridar. "Investigations on Sugarcane De-Trashing Mechanisms." International Journal of Engineering Research 3, no. 7 (July 1, 2014): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ijer/v3s7/710.

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