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Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanism of scuffing'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanism of scuffing"

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Ye, Zhaokuan, Chao Zhang, Yucong Wang, H. S. Cheng, Simon Tung, Q. Jane Wang, and Xiaozhou He. "An experimental investigation of piston skirt scuffing: a piston scuffing apparatus, experiments, and scuffing mechanism analyses." Wear 257, no. 1-2 (July 2004): 8–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(03)00538-6.

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Ajayi, O. O., J. G. Hersberger, J. Zhang, H. Yoon, and G. R. Fenske. "Microstructural evolution during scuffing of hardened 4340 steel—implication for scuffing mechanism." Tribology International 38, no. 3 (March 2005): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2004.08.011.

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Horng, Jeng Haur. "True Friction Power Intensity and Scuffing in Sliding Contacts." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833786.

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Scuffing failure phenomenon in sliding lubricated contacts is studied experimentally in this work. Factors influencing the scuffing resistance of rough surfaces, including contact temperature, surface pitting, specific film thickness, and frictional heating, are investigated. A new criterion (the TFPI criterion) that takes into account the effect of oil in surface roughness valleys, microcontact characteristics, and the protective film formation mechanism is proposed to predict onset of scuffing failure. Good agreement is found between experimental scuffing data and predicted failure criterion. The results show that the modified TFPI value can be considered as a performance parameter that represents the scuffing failure resistance capacity and the effectiveness of the running-in process. A low modified TFPI value has a high scuffing resistance in lubricated systems.
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Kaczor, Grzegorz, and Magdalena Machno. "A Study on the Effect of Adhesive Cavities on the Scuffing Initiation in a Sliding Contact." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 4296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154296.

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Scuffing is a particularly problematic wear phenomenon in sliding contact that has not yet been fully elucidated. The complicated mechanism of the development of this phenomenon results from the simultaneous influence of many factors. There is a continuous need for new research to gain a deeper understanding of the complex frictional processes that scuffing is. Components such as cams, tappets, piston rings and gears are extremely susceptible to scuffing. The idea of the research on the scuffing wear development is the study of the formation of adhesive cavities as the effects of the destruction of adhesive bonds at various operating parameters. The goal of the presented work is the analysis of the influence of the oscillation frequency on the formation of adhesive cavities leading to scuffing. The tests carried out with the use of S235 steel showed that the adhesive cavities on the surfaces of the tested components appear regardless of the adopted values of the oscillation frequency. The surfaces of the specimen and counter-specimen were analyzed before and after wear tests on the block-on-ring test stand at the different values of the oscillation frequency. The conducted research revealed that the greatest change in the values of the friction coefficient occurs with an increase in frequency from 2 to 5 Hz, and the largest change in the number of scuffing initiating cycles occurs with an increase in the oscillation frequency from 1 to 2 Hz.
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Xu, Jie Lin, Zeng Xiong Peng, Nan Wang, and Shan Lin Xu. "Experimental Research of Scuffing of Friction Pair." Applied Mechanics and Materials 697 (November 2014): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.697.254.

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The scuffing of friction pair is a common phenomenon in conditions of high speed and pressure. It was researched on scuffing characteristics in this paper. By using UMT-3 friction and wear tester, the friction and wear characteristics of slipper pair material in hydraulic component were investigated, and the friction coeficient-speed curves in the different pressures were got, as well as the wear rate-speed curves. The worn surface morphology of pin specimen was photographed by SEM, and the formation mechanism of the worn surface was analyzed. The results suggested that: friction coefficient and wear rate would have a jump when the scuffing occurred, the friction and wear characteristics would be affected by the interaction of pressure (P) and speed (V) . The PV characteristic restricted the correlation between working pressure and speed.
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ZHANG, CHAO, H. S. CHENG, and Q. JANE WANG. "Scuffing Behavior of Piston-Pin/Bore Bearing in Mixed Lubrication—Part II: Scuffing Mechanism and Failure Criterion." Tribology Transactions 47, no. 1 (January 2004): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05698190490279100.

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Bian, Xin Xiao, and Jin Xing Lu. "Electrical Erosion Failure Analysis of Speed Increasing Gearbox Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.720.

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This article mainly discusses the mechanism of electrical erosion and the macro and micro appearance of electrical erosion failure tooth surface. By observing the similarity of the two groups of tooth surface morphology, we can determine the possibility of gear electrical erosion failure. Through the calculation of gear contact strength and anti scuffing ability, we can rule out the possibility of tooth scuffing and pitting. So we can identify that the failure form of gear is electrical erosion .Finally, according to the calculation of the content, we get some conclusions.
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Iordache, C. R., F. C. Ciornei, and C. Bujoreanu. "Scuffing analysis of roller-shoe mechanism after an aggressive test." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 591 (August 14, 2019): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/591/1/012020.

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Jihua, Chang, Liu Shaojun, and Hu Xiaozhou. "A temperature measurement method for testing lubrication system or revealing scuffing failure mechanism of spur gear." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 233, no. 6 (September 11, 2018): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650118799927.

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In order to meet the needs of temperature measurement for testing lubrication system or revealing scuffing failure mechanism of spur gear, a temperature measurement method analysis is carried out. This method shifts the high temperature region to a position convenient for measurement. And the measurement target including the highest temperature of gear and its location are also shifted to the new position. Considering the change of gear temperature field caused by thermal barrier covering the end face, the temperature difference of the target measurement position and the direct measurement position is analyzed by finite element method. Taking a spur gear pair as an example, its temperature field is obtained in the thermal steady state before and after shifting of temperature. The results show that temperature of the target measurement position and the direct measurement position is same in distribution, and temperature of the direct measurement position is higher than the temperature in the target measurement position. The highest temperature of the direct measurement position increases by 2.5%. As a result, considering the increment as the safety margin, it is not conservative to estimate the temperature in the target measurement position by the measured temperature data in the direct measurement position. And the measured temperature data also will help to find out the location of the highest temperature of gear in the target measurement position. Meanwhile, the accidental risk of scuffing failure can be avoided during experimental research in testing lubrication system or revealing scuffing failure mechanism by this temperature measurement method. And the comparison of the analytical results with the experimental measurement data shows good agreement.
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Ajayi, O. O., C. Lorenzo-Martin, R. A. Erck, and G. R. Fenske. "Scuffing mechanism of near-surface material during lubricated severe sliding contact." Wear 271, no. 9-10 (July 2011): 1750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2010.12.086.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanism of scuffing"

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Kamps, Timothy James Anthony. "Development of detection techniques for investigating scuffing mechanisms of automotive diesel cast irons." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/420756/.

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Increasingly stringent environmental legislation has led automotive manufacturers to focus engine development on achieving greater fuel efficiency by friction reduction. Engine friction losses between 4 and 15 % are typical for diesel engines, with approximately 50 % occurring at the piston assembly. Viscous losses associated with shearing lubricant films may be reduced by using oil with a lower viscosity, however this also results in the contact surfaces being separated by thinner lubricant films, which makes them more susceptible to scuffing. Improving the scuffing resistance of engine materials requires a detailed understanding of the contact conditions that lead to scuffing. However this is a complicated process that is often characterised by a rapid progression and therefore it is difficult to detect accurately and repeatedly the onset of scuffing failure. This thesis explores the possibility of using deviations in the instantaneous friction force measured using a laboratory tribometer to assess whether the onset and progression of scuffing can be repeatedly determined for cast iron diesel cylinder liner materials. Two techniques were developed that assessed the deviation in spatially resolved friction signal as a function of stroke length as well asthe level of disorder in the instantaneous root mean squared friction force. This enabled transitions in scuffing behaviour to be assessed for a Grade 250 flake graphite and a designation 400‐15 nodular cast iron cylinder liner materials under lubricated reciprocating sliding at increasing contact pressure. The detection techniques allowed tests to be interrupted during scuffing transitions for the analysis of surfaces using a combination of profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and focused ion beam microscopy. The results showed that once sufficient energy was available for the sliding contact to degrade the lubricant, progression to mild scuffing occurred. This was characterised for Grade 250 cast iron by surface platelet formation and subsurface crack networks associated with the de‐cohesion of the flake graphite phase from the pearlitic matrix. Progression to severe scuffing was characterised by adhesive transfer and back transfer of these platelets resulting in catastrophic wear of the cast iron surface. Compared to flake graphite cast iron, nodular cast iron transitioned to mild scuffing at lower contact pressures, but exhibited an intermediate scuffing stage that prolonged the transition to severe scuffing. This was due to the formation of a comprehensive oxide film associated with the ferritic matrix, but also because the adhesive removal of material was associated with angular dross inclusions from the nodularisation process. The techniques were applied to a conformal ring liner geometry that exhibited velocity dependant friction behaviour and therefore the detection techniques were adapted to include contact potential and disorderly friction data to detect scuffing transitions. The failure mechanisms were confirmed to be similar to that observed for both line contact and fired engine scuffing tests and showed that these techniques could be used to repeatedly detect scuffing transitions within 18 % maximum absolute deviation. Recommendations for testing of future engine materials for scuffing resistance are discussed as well as potential areas of further research.
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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanism of scuffing"

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Rackov, M., M. Čavić, M. Penčić, and M. Vereš. "Increasing the Resistance of Scuffing for HCR External Helical Gearing." In New Advances in Mechanism and Machine Science, 523–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79111-1_52.

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Rackov, M., M. Čavić, M. Penčić, and M. Vereš. "Erratum to: Increasing the Resistance of Scuffing for HCR External Helical Gearing." In New Advances in Mechanism and Machine Science, E1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79111-1_53.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. "Scuffing Load Carrying Capacity of Cylindrical, Bevel and Hypoid Gears: Flash Temperature Method." In Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, 323–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38632-0_7.

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Vullo, Vincenzo. "Scuffing Load Carrying Capacity of Cylindrical, Bevel and Hypoid Gears: Integral Temperature Method." In Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, 383–416. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38632-0_8.

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"Types of Wear and Erosion and Their Mechanisms." In Tribomaterials, 79–120. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.tpsfwea.t59300079.

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Abstract This chapter covers common types of erosion, including droplet, slurry, cavitation, liquid impingement, gas flow, and solid particle erosion, and major types of wear, including abrasive, adhesive, lubricated, rolling, and impact wear. It also covers special cases such as galling, fretting, scuffing, and spalling and introduces the concepts of tribocorrosion and biotribology.
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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanism of scuffing"

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Cheenkachorn, K., J. M. Perez, O. O. Ajayi, and G. R. Fenske. "The Effect of Lubricant Chemistry on Wear and Scuffing of Coated Surfaces." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0659.

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This study focuses on the effect of lubricant chemistry on wear and scuffing of coated surfaces. The coated surfaces in the present work include TiAlN, TiN, and CrN in the presence of different lubricants including high-oleic sunflower oil, high-oleic corn oil, fully-formulated sunflower oil, fully-formulated corn oil, and a synthetic base oil. The tests are conducted using the four-ball wear test to study the wear and scuffing properties. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope with MicroXAMR are used to study the wear mechanism. The study shows that coatings do not affect the friction coefficient at severe test conditions. However, some coatings, TiN and CrN, improve the wear properties even in base fluids without additives. All coatings improve the scuffing properties and increase the contact severity index. The vegetable-based lubricants perform comparably to commercially available synthetic lubricants.
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Sorokin, Michael, and Aleksandar Egelja. "Wear Problem in a Linear Hydraulic Actuation System and Solution Using Forced Lubrication." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41296.

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The subject of this paper is early hours wear problem of a hydraulic actuator. Material transfer from the actuator housing to the actuator surface was observed after short time of component testing. A general case, where the actuator is tilted in the bore due to side load, is examined. The mechanism of local scuffing (micro-welding) is discussed. The paper describes the theoretical analysis combined with practical experience in solving common wear problems related to poor material pair and lack of lubrication between sliding surfaces. A validated solution is also discussed.
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Izadbakhsh, Adel, John McPhee, and Stephen Birkett. "Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Testing of a Piano Action Mechanism With a Flexible Hammer Shank." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35351.

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The piano action is the mechanism that transforms the finger force applied to a key into a motion of a hammer that strikes a piano string. This paper presents a state-of-the-art model of a grand piano action, which is based on the five main components of the action mechanism (key, whippen, jack, repetition lever, and hammer). Even though Askenfelt and Jansson [1] detected some flexibility for the hammer shank in their experiments, all previous piano models have assumed the hammers to be rigid bodies. In this paper, we have accounted for the hammer shank flexibility using a Rayleigh beam model. It turns out that the flexibility of the hammer shank does not significantly affect the rotation of the other parts of the piano mechanism, compared with the case that the hammer shank has been modeled as a rigid part. However, the flexibility of the hammer shank changes the impact velocity of the hammer head, and also causes a greater scuffing motion for the hammer head during the contact with the string. To validate the theoretical results, experimental measurements were taken by two strain gauges mounted on the hammer shank, and by optical encoders at three of the joints.
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Han, Jiman, and Qian Zou. "Effect of Surface Roughness and Lubricant on Scuffing Initiation." In ASME/STLE 2012 International Joint Tribology Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2012-61096.

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Scuffing failure generally occurs at oil film breakdown and large amount of metal-to-metal interaction between the contacting surfaces, where the role of surface roughness and lubricant becomes prominent. In order to evaluate the effect of surface roughness and lubricant on scuffing, scuffing simulation was carried out using contact mechanics and plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication model (MixedPEHL) by taking into account the plastic deformation in the contact area. The evolution of pressure, film thickness, contact area ratio, and subsurface effective plastic strain (EPS) was performed with three types of surface roughness and two different lubricants. Comparisons of pressure distribution, film thickness distribution, film thickness to surface roughness ratio (λ ratio), and contact area ratio were described to investigate the effect of surface roughness and lubricants on scuffing behavior. A better understanding on the effect of surface roughness and lubricant on scuffing processes was obtained through the research work.
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Michalczewski, Remigiusz, Witold Piekoszewski, Waldemar Tuszynski, and Marian Szczerek. "Scuffing propagation of heavily-loaded, lubricated, coated friction joints." In 13th International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering September 10 - 14, 2012, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/wcc2.165-168.

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There is great interest in improving the wear and friction of a wide variety of machine components, e.g. gear systems, gears. In modern technology, due to the increase of the unit pressure, velocities, and hence temperatures in the tribosystems of machines, a risk of a very dangerous form of wear exists. This form is scuffing.The most effective way of to improve the mechanical properties of various engineering components is the modification of surface properties by the deposition of PVD/CVD coatings.In literature, the problem concerning whether it is the most beneficial to coat only one or both of the contacting surfaces and on when and how the coatings may improve the tribological situation in heavily loaded lubricated friction joints is not solved [2, 3]. The aim of this paper was to explore the mechanisms of scuffing propagation of heavily loaded friction pair elements coated with a low-friction WC/C coating for various material combinations.
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Hershberger, Jeff, Oyelayo O. Ajayi, Cinta Lorenzo-Martin, Jules L. Routbort, and George R. Fenske. "X-Ray Diagnostics for Scuffing: Application to Phase Transformation in Nickel." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63904.

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Through the use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other diagnostics, the fundamental physical mechanisms of scuffing are becoming better understood. Peak broadening in the XRD pattern has been analyzed to determine the dislocation structure and crystallite size. Evidence from this technique has led us to conclude that scuffing is an example of adiabatic shear instability, wherein work hardening is exceeded by the thermal softening caused by the work. We are extending this research through scuff testing and XRD of nonferrous materials. For example, members of our team have recently found frictional behavior and surface morphologies consistent with scuffing in single crystals of MgO. Previous work has suggested the use of scuffing as a general method for the formation of metastable phases. Phase identification information available from the XRD data indicated the formation of austenite in scuffed SAE4340 steel, and the present work reports the discovery of a tribologically formed metastable phase in nickel. The formation of this phase was associated with surface roughening and a rapid friction increase of approximately 50%. However, the morphology of the roughened surface indicated abrasion rather than the gross plasticity typical of scuffed surfaces. X-ray diffraction identified the phase as either nickel carbide (Ni3C) or hexagonal nickel, which are similar in structure, and ruled out the presence of crystalline nickel oxides. Analysis of peak widths revealed that the dislocation density in the areas that experienced a higher friction coefficient was lower than that in low-friction areas. This finding is not consistent with dislocation density changes in scuffed steel.
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Hu, Peng-fei, Yong Li, Li-hua Cao, and Tao Zhang. "Analysis on Solid Particle Erosion in the Governing Stage of a High-Parameter Steam Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63946.

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The solid particle erosion (SPE) of flow passage is a universal problem in modern high-parameter steam turbines. With the continuous improvement of the working parameters of the steam turbine, the problem of SPE is becoming more serious. This problem is caused by the ferric oxide exfoliations carried by steam from the inner wall of the boiler tube into the steam turbine flow passage, causing the stator blades, the rotor blades, and the shroud to be eroded under impingement and scuffing failure. The SPE cannot only destroy the blade profile, increase the roughness of the blade surface, and affect the aerodynamic performance of the blade, but it can also shorten the maintenance cycle, prolong the maintenance downtime, and even increase the cost for steam turbine maintenance thereby reducing the unit efficiency and safety. In order to simulate SPE in the governing stage of a high-parameter steam turbine, this study adopts the Lagrange method and the Finnie erosion model. The motion characteristics of five different kinds of solid particle, including the solid particle trajectory, are thoroughly analyzed. The regulation of the erosion distribution in the radial and axial directions to the stator and rotor blades is studied to present the mechanism of SPE. Simulated results show that before their collision with the blades, the particles of the small diameters flow with the main stream, and their trajectories are close to the steam streamlines. By contrast, the particles of the large diameters are hardly influenced by the external factors, and their trajectories are close to the straight line. The SPE distribution of the stator and rotor blades varies with the particle diameter. The eroded area in the stator blade is mainly located at the leading edge and the pressure surface, particularly the mid-rear part of the pressure surface, whereas no eroded area can be observed in the suction surface. The small particles greatly affect the erosion distribution of the stator blade. The eroded area in the rotor blade is primarily at the mid-rear part of the pressure surface and the suction surface, which is close to the leading edge. The eroded area takes on a typical slop shape, and the erosion position has an obvious upward trend. The proposed research reveals both the motion characteristics of the solid particles and the distribution regulation of the SPE in the steam turbine flow passage. The analysis results provide references for the governing stage of a high-parameter steam turbine to prevent SPE.
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Piazza, Andrea, and Gabriele Bellino. "Analysis of Tooth Surface Distress Using AGMA 925 and Numerical Load Distribution Methods." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/ptg-48013.

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The AGMA document 925 is an important step toward the standardisation of the present knowledge of the surface distress mechanisms; specifically it provides a careful look onto two important phenomena as scuffing and wear on gears employing a wide set of experimental data provided by literature and AGMA members; but since the load distribution is calculated using simplified methods the obtained results may be limited to gear designs whose load distribution is similar to the one(s) of the test gearset(s) where the above data was collected, i.e. spur gears, mostly accurately designed to scuff and to test lubricants. The work summarizes the different effects of applying the cited document methodology using simplified load distribution and most sophisticated one(s) on classical test gears for lubricants and on helical designs. It is shown that using more sophisticated load distribution methods the results on helical gears may be strongly different with respect of simplified methods and may suggest, in some cases, a design review.
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Wang, L., R. J. K. Wood, H. E. G. Powrie, E. Streit, and I. Care. "Performance Evaluation of Hybrid (Ceramic on Steel) Bearings With Advanced Aircraft Engine Oils for Lubrication." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53418.

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Hybrid bearings (silicon nitride rolling elements and steel raceways) are being developed for the new generation of gas turbine engines, as they offer weight savings, reduced heat rejection and can operate at higher DN (bore diameter in mm × shaft rotational speed in rpm) values than conventional steel bearings. In the present study, various advanced synthetic aviation oils were tested on a pin-on-disc tribometer. Conditions were chosen to simulate engine low load and ambient start up, where sliding is a factor. The tests used a silicon nitride ball sliding against an M50NiL bearing steel disc. Fresh oils were tested for the hybrid contacts under high sliding speed of 7 ms−1 and normal aircraft engine bearing contact pressure of 2.8 GPa [1]. The results showed that most of the synthetic aviation oils in use today would provide similar protection for the hybrid contacts against scuffing. Initial studies, aimed at identifying the influence of oil degradation and effects of additive depletion are also presented. The oils were ranked based on the contact wear rate. Electrostatic charge measurements were made along with wear, friction and surface temperature measurements to monitor the on-line wear conditions [2–3]. Electrostatic sensing shows promise as a monitoring technique for oil lubricated hybrid contacts. Polishing wear mechanisms and iron-based material transfer from disc to ball were identified by Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) as the dominant degradation process in these hybrid contacts.
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