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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanics of overhead lines'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Li, Yong Ping, Yang Ni, Zhi Yi Huang, and Yu Cheng Su. "Estimation of Overhead Transmission Lines ACSR Combined Elastic Coefficient." Advanced Materials Research 639-640 (January 2013): 1127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.639-640.1127.

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According to the characteristics of the aluminum conductors, coated-steel reinforced (ACSR), combined the feature that isotropic and continuity of the folded yarns, establish the calculated equation of the Poisson ratio of the discrete and anisotropic wires. After given the calculated equation of stiffness of large cross-section wires, we obtained the calculated equation of elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson ratio. These wires stiffness not only reflect the characteristics of the composite material, but also provide guidance and reference for the mechanical calculation of the wires and installation of overhead conductor and ground wires and the following equation also has certain value in mechanics calculation and lines of construction.

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2

Dai, Lili, Yongli Zhu, and Zehui Liang. "Mechanics Analysis of Overhead Transmission Lines Based On-line Monitoring." Open Journal of Applied Sciences 03, no. 02 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2013.32b001.

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3

Rusinaru, D., C. Bratu, R. C. Dinu, and L. G. Manescu. "Computer-based mechanical design of overhead lines." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 106 (February 1, 2016): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/106/1/012031.

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4

Li, Yongping, Yu Liu, and Jibin Zhang. "Mechanical Calculation of Power Lines and Strands in Overhead Transmission Lines." MATEC Web of Conferences 50 (2016): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20165002003.

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5

Gogola, Roman, Justín Murín, and Juraj Hrabovský. "Numerical Calculation of Overhead Power Lines Dynamics." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 66, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2016-0014.

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Abstract This paper contains results of transient analysis of airflow around the ACSR power line cross-section in unsymmetric multi-span. The forces applied to the power line are obtained from CFD simulations, where the wind induced vibration is studied. Effect of these forces to the maximal displacement of the power line and the maximal mechanical forces in the points of attachment are studied and evaluated.

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6

Huang, Mingfeng, Lieyang Wu, Qing Xu, Yifan Wang, Wenjuan Lou, and Rong Bian. "Bayesian Approach for Typhoon-Induced Fragility Analysis of Real Overhead Transmission Lines." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 146, no. 9 (September 2020): 04020092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001816.

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7

Dou, Yinke, Xiaomin Chang, Zhuo Dun, Kaiqi Yuan, and Ying Xue. "Ice Thickness Sensor for Overhead Transmission Lines Based on Capacitance Sensing." Materials Testing 56, no. 4 (April 2014): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/120.110564.

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8

Sadykov, M. F., D. A. Yaroslavsky, D. A. Ivanov, V. A. Tyurin, T. G. Galiyeva, and M. P. Goryachev. "Inclinometric method for determining the mechanical state of an overhead power transmission line." E3S Web of Conferences 124 (2019): 05022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912405022.

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Mechanical deformations when a wire is stretched causes its rotation around its axis, which allows obtaining additional information about the wire behavior in an overhead transmission line and considering it no longer as a group of sections from one span but as a whole interconnected section with redistribution of mechanical loads between spans. To determine the tensile strength of wire by its torsion, a method for determining the mechanical parameters of an overhead transmission line was developed. It is based on the inclinometric method and the theory of force calculation of steel ropes. This technique takes into account the torsion, the angle of inclination and the wire temperature. The technique is implemented in the system for monitoring the status of overhead power lines. It takes into account the torsion angle of the wire and helps to prevent emergencies on the overhead power line by determining the tensile strength of the wire, checking for defects in wires of the overhead power line and defects in the suspension armature. The monitoring system includes control devices, data collection and data processing center, a dispatcher software package. Control devices are installed directly on the wire/ground wire of an overhead power line and are used to measure the angle of rotation, the angle of inclination and the wire temperature. The data collection and data processing station processes them according to the developed methodology in specialized software. The system for monitoring the status of overhead power lines based on the inclinometric method helps to prevent emergencies and reduce the economic costs of maintaining and restoring overhead power lines.

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9

Sinha, Nandan Kumar, and Peter Hagedorn. "Wind-excited overhead transmission lines: Estimation of connection stresses at junctions." Journal of Sound and Vibration 301, no. 1-2 (March 2007): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2006.09.020.

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10

Cicconi, Paolo, Steve Maneri, Nicola Bergantino, Roberto Raffaeli, and Michele Germani. "A Design Approach for Overhead Lines Considering Configurations and Simulations." Computer-Aided Design and Applications 17, no. 4 (November 6, 2019): 797–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.14733/cadaps.2020.797-812.

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11

Ramachandran, P., V. Vittal, and G. T. Heydt. "Mechanical State Estimation for Overhead Transmission Lines With Level Spans." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 23, no. 3 (August 2008): 908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2008.926093.

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12

Malhara, Sunita, and Vijay Vittal. "Mechanical State Estimation of Overhead Transmission Lines Using Tilt Sensors." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 25, no. 3 (August 2010): 1282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2009.2038703.

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13

SHIMIZU, Masatoshi, Satoshi HARADA, Akinori OYA, and Koichiro TOKUDA. "Improving Performance of Type T Overhead Rigid Conductor Lines." Quarterly Report of RTRI 47, no. 1 (2006): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.47.52.

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14

Sergey, I. I., and Y. V. Bladyko. "Mechanical Calculation of Flexible Wires of Overhead Lines with Barrage Balls." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 61, no. 4 (July 20, 2018): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2018-61-4-299-309.

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Aerial barrage balls serve for marking high-voltage wires in order to visually warn pilots of civil and military aviation about the presence of overhead lines. The present article deals with the mechanical calculation of flexible overhead wires of overhead lines, in which aerial warning barrage balls are installed. The wire is considered as a homogeneous flexible thread having the outline of a parabola and a chain line. The load from the aerial barrage balls must not be substituted with a distributed one by simple division of the total load into the span length, since it can cause incorrect results. The formulas for determining the sag are given for a different number of aerial barrage balls as a function of their number and the coefficient of concentrated forces. The acceptable accuracy of mechanical calculation is demonstrated when using the model of wire in the form of a parabola adopted in the design practice, provided that the components of concentrated forces are correctly determined. The equation of state is recorded, taking into account the weight and wind loads on the wire, as well as load coefficients in two planes, depending on the number of barrage balls. The performed calculations demonstrate an acceptable accuracy of the determination of the stress at various loadings of the span. For more accurate calculation of mechanical stresses and sag arrows, a vector-parametric method for calculating the flexible wires of overhead lines is suggested, where the calculated model of wires in the form of a flexible elastic thread is put taking into account of the spatial arrangement of all structural elements. The results of mechanical calculation according to the program that had been developed and to the existing methods for a different number of aerial barrier balls moved along the span are presented.

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15

Adishchev, Vladimir V., Alexander S. Zubkov, Andrey I. Ivanov, Viktor V. Maltsev, Alexander Yu Panichev, and Aleksey N. Blaznov. "Rational design of steel–GFRP towers for ultracompact overhead power lines." Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures 27, no. 3 (May 17, 2018): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2018.1472331.

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16

Goryachev, M. P., M. F. Sadykov, and D. A. Yaroslavskiy. "Method for control the mechanical parameters of overhead power lines based on improved inclinometry." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-3-160-171.

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Structural elements of overhead power transmission lines are experiencing both horizontal and vertical loads. Wires and cables are elements of the overhead power line, on which changes in mechanical loads are observed to a greater degree. This occurs due to the change in the tension force of the wire/cable depending on the temperature and the formation of icy-rime deposits on it, as well as fluctuations in wind gusts. The article describes the most common systems and methods for determining the mechanical loads on an overhead power transmission line. A method is proposed for calculating the mechanical loads on an overhead transmission line based on mathematical models of a flexible wire, rope and a model for determining ice deposits on wires, taking into account the rotation of the wire/cable around its axis. A comparison of the improved inclinometry method with the method developed earlier for the case of formation of ice deposits on the S-50 cable has been carried out. A comparison was made on the error in determining the tension of the S-50 ground-wire protection cable using the method developed to control the mechanical parameters of overhead power lines, which takes into account the wire/cable rotation around its axis and the method for determining icy-rime deposits developed earlier. The developed method allows determining the elongation of the wire/cable in the span with one anchor support, as well as the strength of its tension with greater accuracy. However, additional clarification is required due to the influence of the wind, the formation of icy-rime deposits of various shapes, as well as the structural limitations of the wire/cable rotation when attaching it to the support.

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17

Mei, Guiming. "Tribological performance of rigid overhead lines against pantograph sliders under DC passage." Tribology International 151 (November 2020): 106538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106538.

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18

Ivanov, Dmitry, Marat Sadykov, Aleksandr Golenishchev-Kutuzov, Danil Yaroslavsky, Tatyana Galieva, and Amir Arslanov. "The application of the technology of sensor networks for the intellectualization of the overhead power transmission lines." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001071.

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The length of overhead power transmission lines in the Russian Federation is over 2.8 million kilometers. Power grids are rapidly becoming obsolete. The level of deterioration of the equipment achieves 70% [1]. This leads to breakdowns on overhead power transmission lines and reduce the quality of electricity supply. One of the focus areas towards improving the situation is a deep modernization of the power grid with an orientation on energy efficiency. The purpose of this work is the creation a system for operative monitoring of the technical condition of high-voltage power-transmission lines based on modular devices. The modular device is configured depending on the issues at hand: control of ice formation; control of ice melting; localization of the place of short circuit, breakage, lightning strike; determination of electrical loads on the wire or control of the load of overhead power transmission lines; determination of mechanical loads at the wire suspension point; determination of conditions for the occurrence of ice formation, determination of defects in insulators. This will equip the overhead line diagnostic systems without serious financial costs by simple installation on the wire of the developed device which design allows to change the configuration of the equipment and solve a wide range of tasks.

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19

Palhares, Pedro Henrique da Silva, and Leonardo da Cunha Brito. "Stochastic optimization method for mechanical design of overhead distribution power lines." Engineering Optimization 52, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305215x.2019.1581183.

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20

Yaroslavskiy, D. A., V. V. Nguyen, M. F. Sadykov, M. P. Goryachev, and A. A. Naumov. "Model of own harmonic conductor oscillations for tasks of monitoring the status of airline power transmission lines." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-3-97-106.

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The article substantiates the relevance of the inspection of overhead power lines by determining the mechanical loads of the conductors. The conductor sways under the action of external loads and variable internal mechanical loads. The conductor behaves in span like a pendulum. Using the inclinometric method, it is possible to determine the deviations of the conductor in space from its equilibrium position. Having restored the geometry of the conductor in the span of an overhead power line, mechanical loads can be determined. A model of the harmonic oscillations of the conductor in flight is derived to assess the mechanical loads of the conductor overhead power lines. This mathematical model is based on mathematical models of a flexible thread and a model of a physical pendulum. A conductor is a physical pendulum, where the conductor acts as the body, and in the role of the fixed axis of rotation, a straight line passing through the suspension points of the conductor. The developed model allows you to determine the arrow of its sag from the period of oscillations of the conductor in the span. The article considers algorithms for calculating the conductor sag arrows for two cases: the conductor suspension points are at the same height; conductor suspension points are at different heights. A theoretical calculation is given for a model of a span overhead power line with an estimate of the sensitivity of the developed model and its error in determining the sag of the conductor. Using the arrow of the conductor sag, you can restore its geometry, and hence the mechanical load of the conductor. Therefore, knowing the initial geometric parameters of the span of the overhead power line and the current period of the conductor’s oscillations, it is possible to examine its current state.

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21

Shevchenko, Natalya, Anatoly Soshinov, Olga Elfimova, Julia Lebedeva, and Olga Akhmedova. "Improving the energy efficiency of wide crossings of overhead power lines." E3S Web of Conferences 178 (2020): 01046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017801046.

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The use of new generation wires in the design of wide spans of overhead power lines over water barriers and large gorges can increase their transmission capacity and increase reliability. However, when large currents flow, load losses in line also increase. Thus, it is necessary to obtain a methodology for technical and economic comparison of design options for overhead power lines over large crossings, which enables to determine the most cost-effective version of the project with high mechanical reliability. For comparative analysis, five options for wide spans of overhead power lines over the river with new-generation wires of Russian production were compiled: Aluminium Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced, Z-type (high conductivity), Thermal-Resistant Conductor, Aluminium Compozite Core Conductor, ASk2y. Option with Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced wire was taken as the source. For the first option, the crossing scheme E-A-A-E was selected, for the remaining options E-I-I-E scheme was considered. For the modes of maximum loads, minimum temperature and average annual conditions, the mechanical calculation of wires was carried out using the method of permissible stresses. The wire bending deflections were determined in accordance with the theory of the catenary curve. The method of integrated indicators was used to perform a technical and economic comparison of these options. The calculation results showed that among the proposed options, the most optimal is a crossing with the ACCC wire having minimum relative investment per 1 MW of transmitted electricity and minimal power loss. The transmission capacity of the line with this wire is increased by 1.8 times, and the cost of crossing is reduced by 16%. Due to the compact design of wire, the probability of ice formation on wire is reduced, and the reduced bending deflection reduces the probability of wire break due to natural environmental influences.

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22

Anderson, K., and P. Hagedorn. "On the energy dissipation in spacer dampers in bundled conductors of overhead transmission lines." Journal of Sound and Vibration 180, no. 4 (March 1995): 539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1995.0099.

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23

Li, Jia-Xiang, Ghyslaine McClure, and Shu-Hong Wang. "Ensuring the Structural Safety of Overhead Transmission Lines by Design." Journal of Aerospace Engineering 34, no. 3 (May 2021): 04021010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0001245.

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24

Diana, G., F. Cheli, F. Fossati, and A. Manenti. "Aeolian vibrations of overhead transmission lines: computation in turbulence conditions." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 46-47 (August 1993): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(93)90332-i.

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25

Xu, Ke Ju, Lei Yang, Da Da Wang, Chao Zhou, Shao Quan Zhang, Qing Jun Peng, and Xiao Ming Rui. "Parametrical Finite Element Modeling of Overhead Transmission Line-Towers System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.809.

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With large-scale development of ultra high-transmission network, the structure of transmission line-towers system tends to the tower higher, the cross-section of transmission lines larger and span between towers longer. As the increasing of transmission lines voltage grade, transmission line-towers system has higher requirements on static and dynamic stability. It is difficult for traditional design method to meet the demands of new transmission line-towers, not to mention shorten the design cycle, improve design quality. In this paper, we establish overhead transmission line-towers system model based on parameterized finite element method, by gradually increasing the thickness of the icing, iced load, wind load, weight, mechanical properties under the action of the load and the conductor tension. The analysis results show that the model can effectively reflect the mechanical properties of the transmission towers, and improve the quality of the design, greatly shortening the design cycle.

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26

Harter, Marlene, Tom Schipper, Lukasz Zwirello, Andreas Ziroff, and Thomas Zwick. "Detection of Overhead Contact Lines with a 2D-Digital-Beamforming Radar System for Automatic Guidance of Trolley Trucks." International Journal of Vehicular Technology 2013 (March 6, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/914351.

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The benefit of trolley truck systems is the substitution of the diesel fuel by the cheaper and more ecological electrical energy. Trolley trucks are powered by electricity from two overhead contact lines, where one is the supply and the other the return conductor. Such trolley trucks are used for haulage at open pit mining sites but could also be used for freight traffic at roadways in the future. Automatic guidance prevents the trolley-powered trucks from leaving the track and thus allows higher operating speeds, higher loading capacity, and greater efficiency. Radar is the ideal sensing technique for automatic guidance in such environments. The presented radar system with two-dimensional digital beamforming capability offers a compact measurement solution as it can be installed on top of the truck. Besides the distance measurement, this radar system allows to detect the location and inclination of the overhead contact lines by digital beamforming in two dimensions. Besides automatic guidance, the knowledge of the inclination of the overhead contact lines could allow automatic speed adaption, which would help to achieve maximum speed especially in hilly terrain.

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27

Lobermeier, Scott, Matthew Moldenhauer, Christopher M. Peter, Luke Slominski, Richard A. Tedesco, Marcus Ver Meer, James F. Dwyer, Richard E. Harness, and Andrew H. Stewart. "Mitigating avian collision with power lines: a proof of concept for installation of line markers via unmanned aerial vehicle." Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2015-0009.

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Avian collisions with overhead power lines are a global conservation concern. Collisions are mitigated primarily through marking power lines to increase their visibility. Line marking is typically accomplished via an expensive and potentially dangerous process of hovering a helicopter within 1 m of a wire and installing line markers by hand. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) may offer a less dangerous, less costly alternative that is also less disturbing to wildlife. Herein we describe equipping a commercially available UAV with an installation arm designed in collaboration with the Colorado State University Department of Mechanical Engineering to install line markers on a power line. The UAV installed line markers within a 30 cm target window on a model power line. The proof of concept described here demonstrates the potential utility of UAVs in mitigating avian collision with overhead power lines.

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28

Bukhari, MA, O. Barry, and E. Tanbour. "On the vibration analysis of power lines with moving dampers." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 18 (July 4, 2017): 4096–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317719194.

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This work investigates the performance of a moving damper for overhead transmission lines. The damper or absorber consists of mass-spring-damper-mass system. The absorber is connected to a single conductor subjected to pretension and wind force. The governing equations of motion are obtained using Hamilton’s principle, and numerical analysis is carried out using MATLAB®. The model is validated by comparing the present results to those in the literature. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed absorber. The results indicate that a moving absorber can be more effective than a fixed absorber. It is also demonstrated that the vibration displacement decreases with increasing forcing frequency and decreasing absorber speed.

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Murín, Justín, Juraj Hrabovský, Roman Gogola, and František Janíček. "Dynamic Analysis of Overhead Power Lines after Ice–Shedding Using Finite Element Method." Journal of Electrical Engineering 67, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2016-0061.

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Abstract In this paper, the analysis of ice-shedding from ACSR conductors to its swing up height and vibration using Finite Element Method (FEM) is presented. For the numerical simulations the effective material properties of the ACSR conductor are calculated using the homogenisation method. Numerical analysis concerning vibration of one and triple-bundle conductors with icing for a whole range or on their certain parts are performed. The impact of ice-shedding to the mechanical tension in the conductors at the points of attachment is investigated and evaluated. Identification of the impact of ice-shedding from the ACSR conductors on its mechanical state may contribute to increasing the safety and quality of an electrical transmission system.

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Haag, Thomas, Brad M. Beadle, Helge Sprenger, and Lothar Gaul. "Wave-based defect detection and interwire friction modeling for overhead transmission lines." Archive of Applied Mechanics 79, no. 6-7 (January 10, 2009): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00419-008-0282-x.

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31

He, Huiwen, Lei Wang, Peihong Zhou, and Fei Yan. "Overvoltage and Insulation Coordination of Overhead Lines in Multiple-Terminal MMC-HVDC Link for Wind Power Delivery." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4849262.

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The voltage-sourced converter-based HVDC link, including the modular multilevel converter (MMC) configuration, is suitable for wind power, photovoltaic energy, and other kinds of new energy delivery and grid-connection. Current studies are focused on the MMC principles and controls and few studies have been done on the overvoltage of transmission line for the MMC-HVDC link. The main reason is that environmental factors have little effect on DC cables and the single-phase/pole fault rate is low. But if the cables were replaced by the overhead lines, although the construction cost of the project would be greatly reduced, the single-pole ground fault rate would be much higher. This paper analyzed the main overvoltage types in multiple-terminal MMC-HVDC network which transmit electric power by overhead lines. Based on ±500 kV multiple-terminal MMC-HVDC for wind power delivery project, the transient simulation model was built and the overvoltage types mentioned above were studied. The results showed that the most serious overvoltage was on the healthy adjacent line of the faulty line caused by the fault clearing of DC breaker. Then the insulation coordination for overhead lines was conducted according to the overvoltage level. The recommended clearance values were given.

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Rossi, Alvise, Chowdhury Jubayer, Holger Koss, Daniel Arriaga, and Horia Hangan. "Combined effects of wind and atmospheric icing on overhead transmission lines." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 204 (September 2020): 104271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104271.

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33

Krishnasamy, S. G., and N. Ramani. "Design wind loads for overhead power lines accounting for wind direction." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 32, no. 1-2 (September 1989): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(89)90017-2.

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34

Sun, Na, Kuan Jun Zhu, Bin Liu, Sheng Chun Liu, and Liang Liu. "Application Study of Viscoelastic Damping Material for the Anti-Galloping of Overhead Transmission Lines." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.269.

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Based on the galloping mechanism of transmission line, it is determined to use viscoelastic damping material and energy effects of TMD to suppress galloping. The dynamic mechanical properties of viscoelastic damping material is studied, with the operating environment of the transmission lines, high-and-low-temperature physics experiment is carried out, while the experimental study on mechanical properties is carried out with the developed viscoelastic damping elements. It is showed that the viscoelastic material meets the anti-galloping device performance requirements for materials, it has a good energy consumption effect, suitable for application to anti-galloping of transmission lines.

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35

Varygina, A. O., and N. V. Savina. "Calculation the current carrying capacity of the new generation overhead lines conductors." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-22-4-3-15.

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Currently, there is an increase in power flows along power lines. An important task for the development of the power grid complex is to increase the current-carrying capacity of existing power lines. The use of advanced conductors has become a successful technical solution for this purpose. "New generation conductors" are modern conductors that have advanced mechanical and electrical properties and characteristics. Thus, it has become important to have information about the maximum operation temperature and current limits of the overhead line with new conductors. The approximate current-carrying capacity in Amperes is the value of current at which the conductor temperature reaches its maximum permissible value. It determines the maximum current load of overhead power lines. For traditional steelaluminum conductors, there are several methodological approaches to determining the maximum current load. This fact complicates the definition of an approach to calculating the current carrying capacity for advanced conductors. Nevertheless, the general basis of all methodological approaches is the thermal balance of the conductor. The purpose of this article is to assess the possibility of adapting the method of calculating the approximate currentcarrying capacity of traditional conductors to the calculation of advanced conductors. The article deals with advanced conductors of various brands of comparable cross-section with the classic ACSR 240/39. This work provides information about the selected conductors, their characteristics and design features. The paper shows a mathematical model for calculating the approximate current-carrying capacity of a conductor and shows calculating results for selected conductors. According to the results of analysis and calculations, the adaptation of the presented mathematical model is possible if we refine its parameters and coefficients.

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36

Yaroslavsky, Danil, Van Vu Nguyen, Marat Sadykov, Mikhail Goryachev, Dmitry Ivanov, and Nikolay Andreev. "Determination the conductor sag according to the period of own harmonic oscillations." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001036.

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The article substantiates the relevance of the inspection of overhead power lines by determining the mechanical loads of the conductors. The conductor sways under the action of external loads and variable internal mechanical loads. The conductor behaves in span like a pendulum. A model of the harmonic oscillations of the conductor in flight is derived to assess the mechanical loads of the conductor overhead power lines. This mathematical model is based on mathematical models of a flexible thread and a model of a physical pendulum. A conductor is a physical pendulum, where the conductor acts as the body, and in the role of the fixed axis of rotation, a straight line passing through the suspension points of the conductor. The article briefly describes an algorithm for calculating the conductor sag for the case when the conductor suspension points are at the same height. The results obtained using the developed model for calculating the sag of the conductor by its period are compared with the available experimental data. Experimental equipment is described. The error of the method is estimated.

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Redford, J. A., M. Gueguin, M. C. Nguyen, H. P. Lieurade, C. Yang, F. Hafid, and J. M. Ghidaglia. "Calibration of a numerical prediction methodology for fretting-fatigue crack initiation in overhead power lines." International Journal of Fatigue 124 (July 2019): 400–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.03.009.

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HAYASAKA, Takamasa. "Effect of Reduced Reflective Wave Propagation on Overhead Contact Lines in Overlap Section." Quarterly Report of RTRI 45, no. 2 (2004): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.45.68.

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DIANA, G., F. FOSSATI, and F. RESTA. "High Speed Railway: Collecting Pantographs Active Control and Overhead Lines Diagnostic Solutions." Vehicle System Dynamics 30, no. 1 (July 1998): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423119808969436.

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Minard and Colin. "Thermal Ageing of a Hybrid Composite Rod for Next Generation Overhead Power Lines." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 4 (November 27, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3040103.

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The thermal stability of a hybrid composite rod, made of epoxy-anhydride matrix reinforced with both unidirectional carbon and glass fibers, has been evaluated between 180 and 210 °C in different nitrogen/oxygen gas mixtures with several conventional but complementary laboratory techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetry, differential calorimetry, optical microscopy, and three-point bending. Thermolysis predominates in the carbon-fiber core, where it induces an efficient chain scission process, leading to a decrease in the glass transition temperature and the formation of small macromolecular fragments, presumably diacids. These very polar fragments remain trapped in the carbon core, where they initiate micro-cavities when their concentration exceeds the solubility threshold. These micro-cavities accumulate in rich-matrix regions, where they coalesce to form apparent large cracks. They are thus responsible for the catastrophic decrease in elastic and fracture properties of the composite rod. In contrast, thermal oxidation affects a too thin superficial layer (typically 60 µm) of the glass-fiber shell to change significantly the global mechanical behavior of the composite rod. Based on these experimental observations, a kinetic model has been proposed to predict the initiation and development of damage in the composite rod. Its validity is successfully checked by comparing its predictions with the experimental results.

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41

Bladyko, Yu V. "Accounting for Spacers in the Mechanical Calculation of Flexible Wires for Overhead Lines and Switchgears." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-3-219-231.

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The mechanical calculation of flexible wires of overhead lines and switchgears, in which in-phase or phase-to-phase spacers are installed, is under consideration. Spacers are considered as concentrated loads acting on the split phase. The formulas for determining the sag are given for a different number of spacers as a function of their number and the coefficient of concentrated forces. This takes into account the difference in suspension heights, tension insulators strings, wind and ice loads. These formulas, being presented in a form that is convenient for consumers, can be used for computer execution of the mechanical calculation of flexible wires in different climatic regimes, both in the presence and in the absence of phase splitting. The errors of replacing the spacers with a distributed load are demonstrated. Formulas are proposed that give the smallest error when replacing spacers with a distributed load. The greater the value of the concentrated forces from the tap-off lines and loops, the greater the error in calculating the sag of the switchgears wires. Therefore, it is not possible to replace them with a distributed load obtained by simply dividing the total load by the length of the span in the presence of the tap-off lines and loops.

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Bladyko, Y. V. "MECHANICAL CALCULATION OF FLEXIBLE WIRES WHEN A CONCENTRATED LOAD IS BEING REPLACED WITH A DISTRIBUTED ONE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS Y.V. BLADYKO1)." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 61, no. 3 (May 28, 2018): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-61-3-220-234.

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In the mechanical calculation of the flexible wires of substations and overhead lines, sags and tension are determined in various climatic conditions. Concentrated loads from spacers, barrier balls, stubs, taps to electrical apparatus and other elements are replaced with a load distributed over the span. On the example of a span with tension insulator springs, the action of concentrated loads on the wire is considered, the error is determined when the concentrated forces are replaced with a load one that is uniformly distributed along the span. It is shown that concentrated loads cannot be replaced with distributed ones by simple division of total loads by the span length, since this might result in completely incorrect findings. A relationship is established between the coefficient of the increase of the sag, the coefficient of concentrated forces, the coefficient that takes into account the presence of tension insulator springs, and the angle of inclination of the span. With wind load and the presence of taps to electrical apparatus, the deviations of the wire in two planes may be calculated independently of each other if the forces concentrated in these planes are known. A decrease in the error is shown with an increase in the number of small concentrated forces. The influence of the angle of inclination of the span and the presence of tension insulator springs on calculating the deviations of the wires of substations and overhead lines is assessed. A more accurate calculation of mechanical tensions and sags is possible with the use of a vector-parametric method for calculating the flexible bus of switchgears and wires of overhead lines, where the design model of wires in the form of a flexible elastic thread is used, taking into account the spatial disposition of all structural elements.

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Sergey, I. I., Y. G. Panamarenka, Y. V. Potachits, and N. A. Yudina. "Analysis of the Torsional Stability of Split Phases." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 6 (November 29, 2019): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-6-503-513.

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The specificity of overhead power lines is associated with the fact that the length of conductors between the supporting structures can reach tens of thousands of meters. Wires and their components are exposed to climatic factors, viz. wind, rain, ice, snow. As compared to other structural elements, conductors are of the highest flexibility and lowest rigidity, and, therefore, they are the most sensitive elements to these effects. Since the early fifties of the XX century, the increase in energy consumption has caused the construction of high and ultra-high voltage overhead lines with split phases. For these types of conductors, new forms of oscillations have been noticed in the areas between the struts, the essence of which is torqueing the split phase. As a result, there is a violation of the torsional stability of the phase: collision of wires in the middle of sub-span and friction of wires of stranded conductor against each other, which leads to damaging conductors and, as a consequence, to disruption of power supply to consumers. Almost any overhead lines may be subjected to oscillations of wires in the span under the influence of wind. One of the types of such mechanical oscillations is galloping, i. e. low-frequency oscillations of wires with an amplitude reaching the value of the boom of wire sagging, and, taking into account the possibility of elongation of the wire, even exceeding it. Fluctuations in the galloping can cause significant mechanical forces and last long enough to lead to the destruction of structural elements of power lines, viz. wires, insulators, fittings and even pillars. Due to the large amplitude of oscillations, conductors of neighboring phases can approach each other at an unacceptable distance, resulting in a short circuit. The boundary value problem of the torsional stability calculation of the split phase with a given multiplicity of splitting has been set and solved. The critical lengths of the sub-spans at which the stable violation of torsional stability is most likely have been determined. A computer program has been developed, which can be used in the design of high-voltage lines with split phase.

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Kurniawan, Ova, and Bambang Soegijono. "Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane/Carbon/Organoclay Composite for Coating of Aluminum Conductor Overhead Lines." e-Journal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology 18 (March 5, 2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/ejssnt.2020.62.

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Mei, Guiming. "Impact of voltage on the electric sliding tribological properties of current collectors against overhead lines." Wear 474-475 (June 2021): 203868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2021.203868.

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Vagapov, G. V. "Diagnostics of the ice on the strike protection wire." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-4-104-112.

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The relevance of the research problem is chose of effective technology of strike protection wire monitoring in span with use of technical system of analysis of technical condition of strike protection wire of 110 kV voltage power line for complex assessment of the impact of both external climatic factors from wind and ice loads and the magnitude of the thermal elongation of the strike protection wire with influence of current during de-icing process. Analysis of the strike protection wire mode and their limiting values of mechanical strength allow evaluation of the effectiveness of events of prevent of accidents and reduce the undersupply of electricity to the end consumers. Visualization of the operative parameters of the strike protection wire in the span of the overhead power line will allow reduce the time to make decisions on the prevention of accidents of lines. Algorithm of monitoring of operative parameters of wires of overhead power lines base on information of longitudinal and transverse angles received from sensors installed directly on the strike protection wire.

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Fursanov, M. I., and P. A. Sazonov. "Analysis of the Efficiency of Composite Supports in Electric Networks of the Republic of Belarus." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-1-15-23.

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Modern conditions for the development of the electric power industry increase the requirements in the field of technical conditions and reliability; thus, in a number of Western countries electric networks are being restructured on the basis of safe, environmentally friendly and reliable composite supports. The article analyzes the structure, design and methods of construction of overhead power lines with composite supports that are more promising than traditional ones. The properties, main characteristics and advantages of materials for the production supports of fiberglass and of wood are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of composite and wooden racks are compared and it is shown that most of the requirements for the supports of overhead power lines are met by composite supports. It is discovered that the existing and promising solutions that enable effective use of composite supports in the construction of an overhead line are quite diverse. Currently, in the electrical networks of Western countries, the most common structural model of the construction of an overhead line is the one the one that alternates composite and wooden supports in a certain sequence. The best option of the use of composite supports along with wood ones is the following ratio: four composite supports to one wooden one (method of construction “4/1”). The advantages of this method of construction of the power line are presented, viz. a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the structure of supports and wires as well as the safety of their maintenance. The results of technical and economic calculation that confirm the advantage of constructing a 10 kV distribution line according to the “4/1” scheme are presented. The implementation of composite supports in the electric networks of the Republic of Belarus in the long term will allow obtaining a tangible financial effect by reducing the cost of operation of the overhead line and because of a significant period of operation of composite racks, which is an undoubted advantage in conditions of the modern market economy.

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Skorupski, Krzysztof, Damian Harasim, Patryk Panas, Sławomir Cięszczyk, Piotr Kisała, Piotr Kacejko, Janusz Mroczka, and Michał Wydra. "Overhead Transmission Line Sag Estimation Using the Simple Opto-Mechanical System with Fiber Bragg Gratings—Part 2: Interrogation System." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092652.

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This article presents the use of a sensor with fiber Bragg grating along with an interrogation system used for monitoring the overhead lines’ wire elongation. The possible interrogation methods based on adjusted filters were considered. In the experimental part, three types of fiber Bragg grating pairs, characterized by a small shift in spectra in pairs and gratings with exact matching, were examined. The study showed that, by choosing the appropriate mechanical parameters of the elongation transformer with the optical parameters of the sensor and dedicated filter, the optomechanical system can be adjusted to the required range of overhead line wire sag observation. The range of sag depends on the distance between the poles, the wire type, and its real length in the span, which effectively determines the sag.

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Данилов, Г. А., Ю. М. Денчик, Е. В. Иванова, Б. В. Палагушкин, М. Н. Романов, В. Г. Сальников, and Е. Н. Солнцева. "Composite materials made narrow base 110 kV overhead suspension tower for the port terminals approach." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII), no. 4(50) (November 21, 2020): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2020.50.4.024.

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В работе представлена разработка промежуточной опоры для ультракомпактных ВЛ 110 кВ. Технические решения приводятся на примере реконструкции конкретного объекта – ВЛ 110 кВ. Работа выполнена в соответствии с «Техническим заданием на разработку специальных технических условий с использованием провода с защитной изоляцией для воздушных линий электропередачи на напряжение 110 кВ марки СИП-7 с целью уменьшения охранной зоны ВЛ». Выполнен анализ характеристик существующих промежуточных опор типа ПБ 110-4 и промежуточной опоры ВЛ 110 кВ с применением защищённого провода СИП-7. Выбран тип провода для проведения реконструкции линии. Осуществлён расчёт нагрузок на промежуточную опору из композитных материалов типа ПК 110-2 ПЗИ с учётом требований существующей нормативной базы, механический расчёт промежуточной композитной опоры, учитывающий различные климатические воздействия на провода и изоляторы. Предложены конструктивные элементы обеспечения заземления металлических частей опор из композитных материалов и элементы крепления самонесущих изолированных проводов к траверсам композитной опоры. This paper presents the development of suspension tower for ultra-compact 110 kV overhead lines. Technical solutions performed are based on example of reconstruction of 110 kV overhead line. The research aimed to reduce the security zone of overhead lines by using СИП-7 insulation type cable. The analysis of the characteristics of the existing suspension towers of the ПБ 110-4 type and 110 kV overhead line tower with the use of protected wire SIP-7 is carried out. Authors made the calculation of the loads on the suspension tower made of composite materials of the ПК 110-2 ПЗИ type, taking into account the requirements of the existing regulatory framework, they also carried out the mechanical calculation of the tower, considering various climatic effects on the wires and insulators. Structural elements of providing grounding of metal parts of tower made of composite materials and fastening elements of self-supporting insulated wires to the cross-arms of a tower are proposed.

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Ferreira Dias, Claudio, Juliane Regina de Oliveira, Lucas D. de Mendonça, Larissa M. de Almeida, Eduardo R. de Lima, and Lucas Wanner. "An IoT-Based System for Monitoring the Health of Guyed Towers in Overhead Power Lines." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 6173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186173.

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The collapse of overhead power line guyed towers is one of the leading causes of power grid failures, subjecting electricity companies to pay considerable, high-value fines. In this way, the current work proposes a novel and complete framework for the remote monitoring of mechanical stresses in guyed towers. The framework method comprises a mesh network for data forwarding and neural networks to improve the performance of Low-Power and Lossy Networks. The method also considers the use of multiple sensors in the sensor fusion technique. As a result, the risk of collapse of guyed cable towers reduces, due to the remote monitoring and preventive actions promoted by the framework. Furthermore, the proposed method uses multiple input variable fusions, such as accelerometers and tension sensors, to estimate the tower’s displacement. These estimations help address the structural health of the tower against failures (i.e., loosening of the stay cables, displacement, and vibrations) that can cause catastrophic events, such as tower collapse or even cable rupture.

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