Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mechanics institutes'

Except for Hudson's major work which explored developments in the first half of the nineteenth century, and more recently the research undertaken by Tylecote and Kelly, most surveys of the Mechanics' Institute Movement in England have been confined t6 local studies of individual institutes, unpublished theses and collected essays on the subject. Kelly acknowledged that the limitations characteristic of his publication George. Birkbeck. which attempted a nationwide review of the subject, were due to a lack of detailed regional investigation upon which he could have drawn. A stimulus is therefore provided for further regionally based research. The purpose of this work is to trace the origins and metamorphosis of the Movement in the North East of England during; the last century, until its final state of change in the early 1900s.Within the region, several factors featured prominently in creating the environment in which the institutes were to function. These included economic and political reform, together with the broad spectrum of educational, social and cultural activities made available to the working-classes. Thus, the interaction between representatives from the various sections of society was inevitably brought into focus in voluntary bodies such as the mechanics' institutes, where it was hoped that mutually beneficial ambitions might be fulfilled. The Mechanics' Institute Movement in the North East reflected experiences which were typical of many other regions, yet much was exceptional. To illustrate this point, certain issues have been subjected to detailed analysis - in particular the identity of promoters, their motives, and how they brought their schemes to fruition. The effect of the powerful and often conflicting demands for the various services which together constituted both adult education and recreation has been assessed against a background determined by the promoters of institutes and by increasing Government legislation which provided for the introduction of public libraries and technical instruction. Consequently, the survival of the institutes was secured within a climate of progressive external and internal pressures. In the past, the full significance of the Movement's contribution to working-class educational, social and cultural development has lacked the appreciation it deserves. This regional analysis has shown that after existing for almost one hundred years its legacy remains encapsulated within our national system of public libraries, technical colleges, social centres, and not least in our heritage of mechanics' institute buildings. The task of providing insights into the complexity of the Movement's role in the North East has not been achieved without confronting difficulties similar to those experienced by Kelly and others. If any questions, therefore, remain unanswered, they do so because of the elusiveness of source material. At best, much was of a scattered, fragmentary and sometimes contradictory nature. Despite diligently pursued enquiry at repositories both locally and in other parts of the country, it has had to be accepted that the location of many relevant items is unknown.

Mechanics' institutes were the first systematic attempt to provide adult education for the skilled working classes, with emphasis on science and mechanics at a time when the quest for knowledge was a concern of the labour aristocracy. Traditionally associated with the northern and industrial areas, recent scholarship has revealed thriving and multifarious institute activity in the south. Although part of the national movement, each institution was a unique creation of its own environment, with local and regional networks. Thomas Kelly's pioneering work identified where institutes existed. This study of Sussex and Hampshire draws together a range of sources to indicate the presence of many more mechanics' institutes. While some survived only a short time, others endured for seventy years or more, charting their own history of change, continuity and progress. Religious issues were prohibited at the institutes, but Unitarian influence was crucial in their development. Management structures varied and affected the success of individual institutes, combining with influential patrons and charismatic leaders to direct their public image and relationship with the media. By the 1830s, mechanics' institutes had also begun to attract the middle classes and the original strict scientific curriculum had been modified to include more general subjects. Scientific dominance however persisted in some institutions such as those at Lewes and Portsmouth. Music featured prominently as a cultural focus, whilst a spirit of civic pride was fostered through the institutions' buildings and social events. Women's roles changed from noninclusion to significant participation, encouraged by Unitarian/Quaker influences and pioneering female lecturers. By 1875, mechanics' institutes had initiated vital developments in adult educational progress and above all, cultivated a desire for learning.

This thesis analyses the development of the Ballarat East Free Library (1859), the Ballarat Mechanics’ Institute Library (1859) and the City of Ballaarat Free Library (1878) within the broader context of public librarianship in Victoria between 1851-1900. Mechanics’ Institute libraries and free libraries represent the major derivatives of a nineteenth-century library model that emphasised the pursuit of lifelong learning, private reading and the enjoyment of genteel recreational facilities. The circumstances that led to the formation of an Institute and a free library in Ballarat in, 1,859 provide a unique opportunity to analyse the public library model for two reasons. These libraries were established in a remarkable goldfield city that enjoyed a number of economic and cultural advantages and secondly, the Ballarat Mechanics’ Institute Library and the Ballarat East Free Library experienced such spectacular growth that by 1880 they were two of the largest public libraries in Australia. However, it is argued that this growth cycle could not be sustained due to a combination of factors including low membership levels, limited funding for recurrent expenditure purposes, and heightened dissatisfaction with the book collections. Libraries began to stagnate in the late-1880s and the magnitude of this collapse in Ballarat, and throughout the colony, was subsequently confirmed with the publication of a national survey of Australian libraries in 1935. The ‘Munn-Pitt’ report found that public libraries had provided a better service in 1880 than at any other time in the next six decades. Four conclusions are drawn in this comparative analysis of the Ballarat Mechanics’ Institute Library, the Ballarat East Free Library, and to a lesser extent, the City of Ballaarat Free Library, between 1851-1900. Firstly, is it shown that the literature places considerable emphasis on the formation of public libraries but is far less critical of the long-term viability of the public library model as it evolved in Ballarat and throughout the colony in the nineteenth century. Secondly, whilst Ballarat and its library committees benefited from the city's prosperity and the entrepreneurial zeal of its pioneers, these same library committees were unable to overcome the structural flaws in the public library model or to dispel the widespread belief that libraries were elitist organisations. As a consequence, membership of the major libraries in Ballarat never exceeded 4% of the total population. Thirdly, it is acknowledged that an absence of records relating to book borrowing habits by individuals limits is a limiting factor, but this problem has been addressed, in part, by undertaking a comparative analysis of collection development policies, invoices, lists of popular authors and books, public comment and the book borrowing patterns of a number of comparable libraries in central Victoria. These resources provide a number of insights into the reading habits of library patrons in Ballarat in the late-nineteenth century. Finally, this thesis focuses on the management policies and practices of each library committee in Ballarat in order to move beyond the traditional explanation for the demise of nineteenth-century libraries and to propose an alternative explanation for the stagnation of public libraries in Ballarat in the mid-1880s. The traditional explanation for the demise of colonial libraries was the sudden reduction in government funding in the 1890s, whereas this thesis argues that a combination of factors, including the unresolved tensions with regard to libraries collection development policies, committee and municipal rivalry, and increasing conservatism, had already damaged the credibility of Ballarat’s libraries by the mid-1880s. It is argued that the intense rivalry between library committees resulted in an unnecessary duplication of services and an inadequate membership base. It is also argued that the increasingly conservative, un-cooperative and uninviting attitudes of these library committees discouraged patronage and as a direct consequence, membership and daily visitor rates of the free and Institute libraries in Ballarat plummeted by 80% between 1880-1900.

This thesis is a re-evaluation of a movement founded to provide what Samuel Smiles called “the road to learning” for workers in the nineteenth century. Mechanics’ institutes emerged during the 1820s to both criticism and acclaim, becoming part of the physical and intellectual fabric of the age and inspiring a nationwide building programme funded entirely by public subscription. Beginning with a handful of examples in major British cities, they eventually spread across the Anglophone world. They were at the forefront of public engagement with arts, science and technology. This thesis is a history of the mechanics’ institute movement in the British Isles from the 1820s through to the late 1860s, when State involvement in areas previously dominated by private enterprises such as mechanics’ institutes, for example library provision and elementary schooling, became more pronounced. The existing historiography on mechanics’ institutes is primarily regional in scope and this thesis breaks new ground by synthesising a national perspective on their wider social, political and cultural histories. It contributes to these broader themes, as well as areas as diverse as educational history, the history of public exhibition and public spaces, visual culture, print culture, popular literacy and literature (including literature generated by the Institutes themselves, such as poetry and prose composed by members), financial services, education in cultural and aesthetic judgement, Institutes as sources of protest by means of Parliamentary petitions, economic history, and the nature, theory and practice of the popular dissemination of ideas. These advances free the thesis from ongoing debate around the success or failure of mechanics’ institutes, allowing the emphasis to be on the experiential history of the “living” Institute. The diverse source base for the thesis includes art, sculpture, poetry and memoir alongside such things as economic data, library loan statistics, membership numbers and profit / loss accounts from institute reports. The methodology therefore incorporates qualitative (for example, tracing the evolution of attitudes towards Institutes in contemporary culture by analysing the language used to describe them over time) and quantitative (for example, exploring Institutes as providers of financial services to working people) techniques. For the first time, mechanics’ institutes are studied in relation to political corruption, debates concerning the morality of literature and literacy during the nineteenth century, and the legislative processes of the period.

This is an interdisciplinary, mixed-method thesis that explores contemporary curation as a means to creatively activate heritage collections and places. The central case study is Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute (BMI), in Ballarat, Australia, where practice and action-led research was undertaken by the curator over the three-year period 2016–2019. Creative connections between five interlinked areas are critically examined: heritage; curatorial practice, by which heritage sites, collections and experiences are managed; historic cultural organisations; their city contexts; and the ways in which such cultural work is valued. The framework for analysis encompasses museology, critical heritage, and approaches to cultural value. Contemporary urban Mechanics’ Institutes (MIs) are placed in the museum context both through historic parallels and their contemporary positioning in the GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives and museums) industry sector. This is in order to ask how heritage collections, and the organisations that house and present them, can creatively connect with the publics they serve with greater connectivity and relevance. Exhibitions and events held at BMI within Ballarat city are treated as case studies. Together with qualitative interviews with staff in the Ballarat GLAM sector and urban MIs, insights derived illuminate the role and challenges of such cultural organisations in the twenty-first century. It is argued that, when employing the practice and energy of the curator, creative activations have the potential to open new points of entry to, and provide alternative perspectives upon, heritage places and collections. This is achieved through arts practice, organisational thinking, and bringing to life the links between past, present and future. In this process, new and dynamic measures of value can be explored and create dialogic encounters between people, heritage and ideas.
Doctor of Philosophy

This thesis questions the generally accepted view that mechanics’ institutes made little contribution to adult working-class education from their foundation in the 1820s to the last decade of the nineteenth century when, finally, government recognised the importance of adult and further education with the passing of the Technical Instructions Acts of 1889 and 1891. It addresses the issue of what impact the mechanics’ institutes exerted upon the adult working classes in a regional context. It has also questioned research previously carried out by a number of historians who hold the view that by 1850 the mechanics’ institutes’ movement was in decline. This thesis argues that in Yorkshire the movement, through no small contribution made by the Yorkshire Union of Mechanics’ Institutes, went from strength to strength and responded to the need for relevant curricula throughout the period of study. It establishes that mechanics’ institutes of the Yorkshire Union (1838 – 1891) were not only to be found in the urban and industrialising towns, but many were also located in the rural and semi-rural areas of the Dales and Pennines. Across the Yorkshire Union as a whole there were similar patterns in growth and development. This thesis establishes that not only did mechanics' institutes support the working classes but they also provided a firm foundation for technical and further education, which was built on through the passing of the 1889 and 1891 Technical Instruction Acts. Several institutes either became technical schools or had established a tradition of adult education which was taken up by the new technical colleges of the early twentieth century. Many smaller institutes either became satellite centres for local colleges or became public libraries and museums. The nineteenth century success of the mechanics’ institutes foreshadowed the later development of adult education.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Katherine Willoughby, Committee Member ; Juan Rogers, Committee Member ; John Clayton Thomas, Committee Member ; Gregory B. Lewis, Committee Member ; Robert J. Eger, III, Committee Chair.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-68).
This thesis analyzes the challenges of change management in a US auto plant. The change initiative used as an example is the launch and implementation of quality recording and reporting software in a body assembly area. A more complete examination of this change initiative using the three lenses of organizational design shows that this plant has reached a quality ceiling based on its strategic design, culture, and political power structure. Breaking through the quality ceiling requires a change agent who harnesses the strengths of an organization to bring it to the next level of quality. Deeper analysis of the recommendations that come from the three lens analysis leads to the conclusion that a more integrated approach is needed to address the issues of change management in a mature organization. Change management strategies depend on the nature of the change, but also the leadership characteristics of the change agent. Three change management strategies are proposed: (1) planting the seeds of change within the organization by bringing in outsiders; (2) "awakening" members of the organization to the need for change; and (3) creating a crisis of a magnitude that members of the organization fear that not making the change is worse than accepting the change. A more integrated approach to change management using a strategy that complements the change agent's strengths will lead to the long-term success in continuous quality improvement. In conclusion, breaking through the quality ceiling requires a change agent who uses a change management approach that harnesses the strengths of the organization and leads it to the next level of quality.
by Lynn S. Delisle.
S.M.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 163-179).
Motivated by inspection applications for marine structures, this thesis develops algorithms to enable their autonomous inspection. Two essential parts of the inspection problem are (1) path planning and (2) surface reconstruction. On the first problem, we develop a novel analysis of asymptotic optimality of control-space sampling path planning algorithms. This analysis demonstrated that asymptotically optimal path planning for any Lipschitz continuous dynamical system can be achieved by sampling the control space directly. We also determine theoretical convergence rates for this class of algorithms. These two contributions were also illustrated numerically via extensive simulation. Based on the above analysis, we developed a new inspection planning algorithm, called Random Inspection Tree Algorithm (RITA). Given a perfect model of a structure, sensor specifications, robot dynamics, and an initial configuration of a robot, RITA computes the optimal inspection trajectory that observes all surface points on the structure. This algorithm uses of control-space sampling techniques to find admissible trajectories with decreasing cost. As the number of iterations increases, RITA converges to optimal control trajectories. A rich set of simulation results, motivated by inspection problems for marine structures, illustrate our methods. Data gathered from all different views of the structure are assembled to reconstruct a 3D model of the external surfaces of the structure of interest. Our work also involved field experimentation. We use off-the-shelf sensors and a robotic platform to scan marine structures above and below the waterline. Using such scanned data points, we reconstruct triangulated polyhedral surface models of marine structures based on Poisson techniques. We have tested our system extensively in field experiments at sea. We present results on construction of various 3D surface models of marine structures, such as stationary jetties and slowly moving structures (floating platforms and boats). This work contributes to the autonomous inspection problem for structures and to the optimal path, inspection and task planning problems.
by Georgios Papadopoulos.
Ph. D.

Mechanics’ Institutes were an integral element of the nineteenth-century British adult education movement, which was itself part of an on-going radicalisation of the working class. Such was the popularity of Mechanics’ Institutes, and so reflective of contemporary British cultural philosophy, that they were copied throughout the British Empire. The Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute, established in 1859, instilled a powerful, male-gendered British middle-class influence over the cultural, social and educational development of the Ballarat city. The focus of this study is to identify and analyse the significance of the contribution made by the Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute to the evolving cultural development of the wider Ballarat community, with a particular emphasis on the gender and class dimensions of this influence. This is done within the context of debates about ‘radical fragments’ and ‘egalitarianism’. Utilizing a methodology based on an extensive review of archival records, contemporary newspapers held at the Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute, and previously published research, this study was able to show that, during the period from its inception in 1859 to 1880, the Institute became a focal point for numerous cultural, social and educational activities. As one of the few institutions open to all classes, it was in a position to provide a significant influence over the developing culture of the Ballarat community. The study has also identified the use made of the Institute’s School of Design by women and the contribution of these educational classes to preparing women for employment outside their traditional roles of wives and mothers. The thesis argues that despite some early radical elements, the Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute initially espoused liberal egalitarian values. By 1880, however, the Institute was more readily identifiable as reflecting British, male, middle-class values.
Doctor of Philosophy

Mechanics’ Institutes were an integral element of the nineteenth-century British adult education movement, which was itself part of an on-going radicalisation of the working class. Such was the popularity of Mechanics’ Institutes, and so reflective of contemporary British cultural philosophy, that they were copied throughout the British Empire. The Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute, established in 1859, instilled a powerful, male-gendered British middle-class influence over the cultural, social and educational development of the Ballarat city. The focus of this study is to identify and analyse the significance of the contribution made by the Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute to the evolving cultural development of the wider Ballarat community, with a particular emphasis on the gender and class dimensions of this influence. This is done within the context of debates about ‘radical fragments’ and ‘egalitarianism’. Utilizing a methodology based on an extensive review of archival records, contemporary newspapers held at the Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute, and previously published research, this study was able to show that, during the period from its inception in 1859 to 1880, the Institute became a focal point for numerous cultural, social and educational activities. As one of the few institutions open to all classes, it was in a position to provide a significant influence over the developing culture of the Ballarat community. The study has also identified the use made of the Institute’s School of Design by women and the contribution of these educational classes to preparing women for employment outside their traditional roles of wives and mothers. The thesis argues that despite some early radical elements, the Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute initially espoused liberal egalitarian values. By 1880, however, the Institute was more readily identifiable as reflecting British, male, middle-class values.
Doctor of Philosophy

Mechanics’ Institutes were an integral element of the nineteenth-century British adult education movement, which was itself part of an on-going radicalisation of the working class. Such was the popularity of Mechanics’ Institutes, and so reflective of contemporary British cultural philosophy, that they were copied throughout the British Empire. The Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute, established in 1859, instilled a powerful, male-gendered British middle-class influence over the cultural, social and educational development of the Ballarat city. The focus of this study is to identify and analyse the significance of the contribution made by the Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute to the evolving cultural development of the wider Ballarat community, with a particular emphasis on the gender and class dimensions of this influence. This is done within the context of debates about ‘radical fragments’ and ‘egalitarianism’. Utilizing a methodology based on an extensive review of archival records, contemporary newspapers held at the Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute, and previously published research, this study was able to show that, during the period from its inception in 1859 to 1880, the Institute became a focal point for numerous cultural, social and educational activities. As one of the few institutions open to all classes, it was in a position to provide a significant influence over the developing culture of the Ballarat community. The study has also identified the use made of the Institute’s School of Design by women and the contribution of these educational classes to preparing women for employment outside their traditional roles of wives and mothers. The thesis argues that despite some early radical elements, the Ballaarat Mechanics’ Institute initially espoused liberal egalitarian values. By 1880, however, the Institute was more readily identifiable as reflecting British, male, middle-class values.
Doctor of Philosophy

The compelling challenges facing the food industry call for imminent action. Nutrition, obesity, food safety, and food and health are examples of unprecedented pressures that a single organisation is not in a position to address alone. In recognising the growing concern to address these challenges, this study has focused on the transference of knowledge from the Institute of Food Research (IFR) to food manufacturer SMEs in the UK. This study investigates three knowledge transfer projects within IFR by identifying the mechanisms driving them. The study is positioned in the science-industry knowledge transfer literature. An analysis of this literature leads to the conclusion that current studies rely heavily on correlations with positivist assumptions, with a deficit of explanatory accounts. There is also a lack of studies that look at knowledge transfer at different levels of analysis. The aim of this study is to offer a mechanismic explanation for how and why knowledge transfer happened in these three projects. From empirical data from 52 interviews with individuals involved in the projects, observations from industry and science events, and document analysis, a novel process-tracing methodology was employed to trace the generative mechanisms for each project. The data are analysed from a critical realist perspective. An explanatory account is provided through the incorporation of a multilevel framework that includes structure, agency and interaction levels. Through qualitative analysis, abductive reasoning and systematic combining, the findings move from what happened, to the mechanisms underlying each project, to a contextualised theoretical explanation. Because this study problematises conventional research approaches, it is able to shed new light on the phenomenon under study: the generative mechanism that explain science-industry knowledge transfer. Methodologically, it offers a critical realist framework for the analysis of different ontological layers, and also a process-tracing approach that looks at analytically investigating empirical evidence. The practical contribution is a robust explanation that recognises the micro-foundations and structural constraints and opportunities in knowledge transfer relationships. The conclusion is that although there is no single ideal type of project, motivations or interactions that makes knowledge transfer successful, the predominant mechanisms tend to be rooted in social interactions and non-pecuniary rewards.

Thesis (MSc (Genetics. Plant Biotechnology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Glycogen was isolated from E. coli and analysed for the amount of phosphate present within it. It was confirmed that a significant proportion of the glucose residues were phosphorylated at the C6 position. This glycogen phosphate was found also in both glgb- (glycogen branching enzyme) and glgp- (glycogen phosphorylase enzyme) mutants, demonstrating that a mechanism for phosphate incorporation that does not involve GlgP alone, and which is capable of incorporating phosphate into linear glucans could exist. The degree of phosphorylation depended on the amount of phosphate present in the media, which less being incorporated in media where phosphate was reduced. Screening for glycogen phosphorylating genes using a E. coli genomic library in a functional expression system identified the malP gene as a possible candidate for incorporation of the phosphate at the C6 position. There was no difference, however, between the glycogen phosphate content of the mutant and wild type. Efforts were made to construct a malp-/glgp- double mutant, but these were unsuccessful. In addition the influence of plants and human proteins on yeast glycogen metabolism was also investigated. These proteins have been demonstrated to have an effect on starch or glycogen in humans, plant and E. coli, but the data from this study indicated that this was not the case in yeast.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Glikogeen, wat geisoleer was uit E.coli was geanaliseer vir fosfaat inhoud daarin. Daar was gevind dat `n beduidende proporsie van die glukose residue gefosforileerd was op die C6 posisie. Hierdie gefosforileerde glikogeen was ook gevind in glg- (glikogeen vertakkingsensieme) en glgp- (glikogeen fosforileringsensieme) mutante wat daarop dui dat `n meganisme vir fosforilering bestaan was nie slegs aangewese is op die aktiwiteit van GlgP nie, en om fosfaat te inkorporeer in linêre glukane. Die graad van fosforilering was ook afhanklik van die hoeveelheid fosfaat teenwoordig in die medium, met gevolglik minder wat geinkorporeer kan word in medium waar fosfaat verminderd was. Seleksie-gebaseerde ondersoeking vir fosforileringsensieme van glikogeen deur gebruik te maak van E. coli genomiese biblioteke in `n funksionele uitdrukkingssisteem het die malP geen geidentifiseer as een van die moontlike kandidate wat verantwoordelik kan wees vir inkorporering van fosfaat in the C6 posisie. Daar was egter geen verskil in die fosfaat inhoud van glikogeen tussen die wilde tipe en die mutante. Pogings wat aangewend is om `n malp-/glgpdubbel mutant te konstrueer was onsuksesvol. Verder is die invloed van plant en mens proteine op gis glikogeen ook bestudeer. Vroeër is aangetoon dat hierdie proteine `n invloed op stysel en glikogeen het in mense, plante en E. coli, maar data van hierdie studie toon aan dat dit nie die geval in gis is nie.

Masters of Science
In South Africa and neighbouring countries such as Zimbabwe, Botswana, Angola, and Namibia, most river systems are non-perennial due to semi-arid or arid climatic characteristics. In such river systems, the interaction between groundwater and surface water is of significance in terms of developing appropriate methods for determining ecological water requirements among others. However, the interaction is not well understood in terms of the influence on the volume and quality of water on the gaining and losing water bodies. In past research, the importance of non-perennial rivers (NPRS) was neglected because these river systems were considered as systems of low ecological importance and economic value. However, an improved understanding of these systems illustrated that they provide habitat for diverse and unique flora and fauna. Therefore, the main research question that was posed for the study was what is the influence of river-aquifer interactions in non-perennial river systems in the semi-arid environment? The central argument was that unless we assess the interaction between surface water and groundwater in NPRS, we cannot improve on understanding of the role of groundwater on the NPRS. The aim of the study was therefore, to assess surface water-groundwater (river-aquifer) interactions in non-perennial river systems to provide an insight regarding how these water resources interact in semi-arid environments. To achieve the aim, three specific objectives were formulated, namely, to establish the groundwater contribution to the river system, to investigate the role of the river in recharging the underlying aquifer, and to develop a regional hydrogeological conceptual model of recharge mechanisms. To achieve the objectives of the study, samples were collected from boreholes, a dug well, springs, surface water and cumulative rainfall collectors during the summer and winter seasons. The samples were analysed for hydrochemistry and stable isotopic signatures (δ2H and δ18O). The intention was to identify where and when do river-aquifer interactions occur in the study area. Secondary data from records review and field data from hydrometric methods, ERT geophysical surveys and tracer techniques were also used to address the third objective.

Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013
Centrifugal pumps are the most commonly used pumps in slurry transport systems. The design of pumping systems dealing with liquids more viscous than water requires a reliable method of pump performance prediction for the pump selection. For Newtonian fluids, the Hydraulic Institute method is well established, but there is no generally accepted method for non-Newtonian fluids. Many authors have fallen back on using the Hydraulic Institute method for non-Newtonian fluids. This requires a constant viscosity while non-Newtonian fluid viscosity varies with the shear rate. The question arises: What viscosity should be used in this method for non-Newtonian fluids? Two approaches have been developed: the use of a Bingham plastic viscosity made by Walker and Goulas (1984) and the use of the apparent viscosity calculated using an “equivalent hydraulic pipe” diameter, designed by Pullum et al. (2007). Previous results obtained from these two approaches are not in agreement. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore a suitable procedure to determine a representative non-Newtonian viscosity to be used in the Hydraulic Institute method to predict the pump performance. To achieve this goal, a set of data was experimentally obtained and the existing data were reused. Test work was conducted using the pump test rig in the Flow Process Research Centre at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. A Warman 4/3 pump was tested, using four concentrations of kaolin suspension and three concentrations of CMC solution. Five pump speeds were chosen to run these tests: 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000 rpm. An additional data set obtained by testing two submersible centrifugal pumps with eight concentrations of sludge, in Stockholm, Sweden, was also analysed. These sets of data were analysed firstly according to the Walker and Goulas (1984) approach and secondly according to the Pullum et al. (2007) approach. The use of the apparent viscosity led to the better pump head prediction. The results of this prediction were close to those obtained in the Pullum et al. (2007) work, and even better in some cases. On the other hand, the use of the Bingham plastic viscosity showed better pump efficiency prediction, although the Walker and Goulas (1984) efficiency prediction range was achieved only for one pump out of five. The apparent viscosity reflected the non-Newtonian behaviour but it could not represent alone the non-Newtonian viscosity because of the poor efficiency predictions and the sensitivity of the Pullum et al. (2007) approach to a change in viscosity. From the results of this work, it is advisable that the pump performance prediction be done using both apparent and Bingham plastic viscosity, the apparent viscosity for the head prediction and the Bingham plastic viscosity for the efficiency prediction.

A 25% niobium substituted sitinakite was exchanged with strontium as time resolved X-ray diffraction data was collected. The structural modeling of this data by Rietveld method1 has lead to the determination of the atomic positions of the ions and unit cell parameters as strontium occupancy increases. The starting material of the exchange experiment is the protonated phase, H2Nb0.67Ti1.33SiO7·1.9 H2O, with space group P42/mcm2,3. Once strontium (Sr2+) enters the unit cell, extra-framework H2O molecules shift to provide the necessary hydration coordination. These new positions of H2O result in a lowering of symmetry to the P-42m space group, and it is thought that the new hydrogen bonding network serves to enhance strontium ion diffusion into the channels of sitinakite. Exchange of strontium into the microporous material reaches a maximum fractional occupancy of 21% when a 10.0 mM strontium ion solution is forced over the powdered material. Sequestration of strontium into this material has contributed valuable information to the study of microporous materials and ion exchange chemistries.

Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 78-80).
The importance of public acceptance within the decision-making process for large-scale, municipal water projects is widely understood and documented. In order to assess the role of public perception on the acceptance of alternative water sources, this paper broadly evaluates public preference for alternative water source and water conservation programs through a user-based approach. Choice-based conjoint analysis was utilized as a quantitative method to determine which design attributes make alternative water sources, specifically desalination and recycled water facilities, more appealing to communities. An online survey was taken by 306 respondents in California, Florida, and Texas. Respondents were analyzed on an aggregate level to identify overall perception of, familiarity with, and preference for desalinated and recycled water. The results indicate significant importance placed on specific attributes such as cost and environmental impact, as opposed to the water program type and location of the proposed facility. Findings based on subpopulations of respondents suggest that preference between water program types were fairly consistent among different demographics, but varied on characteristics such as increased familiarity and perceived reliability of currently provided tap water.
by Janet H. Yun.
S.M.
S.M. in Technology and Policy

Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2015.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 155-161).
Education in America can benefit from innovation. Creating problem-solving and inventive, innovative thinking from a diverse array of people and experiences can help redefine and reinvent this important public mission. Hackathons are collaborative, short sprints that offer such collaboration opportunities. While usually coding marathons, hackathon-type events like an Education Designathon and Education DesignShop have been developed by the researcher to tackle broad, systemic issues, here within the context of education, with tools and processes from design thinking. Two research questions are explored, with novel metrics and methods developed for each: 1) How do non-designers transform into design thinkers from the Education DesignShop? and 2) How do educational projects from the Education DesignShop workshop model address systemic changes? In the first pilot study of this thesis, an Education Designathon event emphasizes on this designerly mindset and the projects. Fourteen ingredients critical to the successful recipe of a hackathon, or Designathon-type event were identified. A further iteration, the Education DesignShop, was implemented with design thinking as a problem-solving approach to help in solving broad, systemic issues while also teaching people new ways to collaborate and form sustainable solutions. Eight key components are identified with a structure established around just-in-time modules that teaching design thinking and challenge participants to apply these methods towards their re-designs of the education system. Projects in the Education DesignShop show a larger number of designerly attributes and are farther along Anderson's Continuum of Systemic Change. Policy implications suggest ways to support further propagation of design thinking to address problems around education.
by Jessica A. Artiles.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.

Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2016.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 93-106).
Hydrophobic surfaces that are robust can have widespread applications in various industries including energy, hydropower, and transportation. In particular, hydrophobic materials promote dropwise condensation, which results in heat transfer coefficients that can be an order of magnitude higher than those seen in conventional filmwise condensation. Existing durable materials such as metals and ceramics are generally hydrophilic and require polymeric modifiers to render them hydrophobic, but these modifiers deteriorate in harsh environments. Therefore, robust hydrophobic surfaces have been difficult to realize and their widespread applicability has been limited. In this thesis, the class of ceramics comprising the lanthanide series rare-earth oxides (REOs) is studied for their hydrophobic potential. The unique electronic structure of the rare-earth metal atom inhibits hydrogen bonding with interfacial water molecules resulting in a hydrophobic hydration structure where the surface oxygen atoms are the only hydrogen bonding sites. Despite being inherently hydrophobic, the presence of excess surface oxygen on REOs can lead to increased hydrogen bonding and thereby reduce their hydrophobicity. Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and wetting measurements, surface stoichiometry and surface relaxations have been shown to impact wetting properties of REOs. Specifically, freshly sputtered ceria is shown to be hydrophilic due to excess surface oxygen (shown to have an O/Ce ratio of ~3), which when relaxed in a clean, ultra-high vacuum environment isolated from airborne contaminants reaches close to stoichiometric O/Ce ratio (~2.2) and becomes hydrophobic. Further, airborne hydrocarbon contaminants do not exclusively impact the wetting properties of REOs, and relaxed REOs are intrinsically hydrophobic. This thesis also demonstrates that thin-film coatings (~300 nm) of relaxed hydrophobic REOs show sustained dropwise condensation behavior for over 100 hours at accelerated saturated steam conditions without compromising structural integrity or hydrophobicity, and produce a tenfold enhancement in the heat transfer co-efficient (103 ± 5 kW/m 2K) compared to conventional filmwise condensation (usually <10 kW/m2K). Finally, the political economy of rare-earths has been studied to understand the causes for market failure. A knowledge assessment exercise finds that rare-earth prices greatly depend on the rise of competing technologies and alternative resources, and international trade policies. It is envisioned that robust hydrophobic rare-earth oxide ceramics will have far reaching technological applications, especially in dropwise condensation.
by Sami Khan.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.

In the discourse on how to improve British Columbia’s secondary schools two prevailing epistemological tensions exist between two competing rationalities: (1) an instrumental rationality that privileges sense-making born out of data-gathering, and (2) a values-rationality that is discernibly more context-dependent. The seeds for public discord are sown when a particular kind of logic for capturing the complexity of any problematic is privileged over a competing (counter) logic attempting to do the same thing. The Fraser Institute proposes to the public a particular vision on how to improve secondary schools by manufacturing annual school report cards that are published in newspapers and online. Proponents of school report cards believe that school improvement is predicated on measurement, competition, market-driven reform initiatives, and choice. They support the strategies and techniques used by the Fraser Institute to demarcate the limits and boundaries of exemplary educational practice. Critics of school report cards object to the way ranking rubrics highlight and amplify differences that exist between schools. They believe that the rankings devised by the Fraser Institute rewards certain kinds of schools while statistically sanctioning others. Drawing principally on published media accounts and the Fraser Institute’s own documents this project shows how the Fraser Institute has mounted an effective public critique on the state of public secondary schools. It describes how statistical revisions made to the ranking matrix from 1998-2010 resulted in a marked redistribution of top-ranked schools in British Columbia that privileged certain kinds of private schools over public schools. School rankings designed to locate and fix their respective subjects in this way call on agents to compete for, acquire, and leverage different kinds of symbolic capital on the field of power, which they use to promote their respective political agendas. When the kinds of stories that can be told about schools become narrated through a statistical régime of truth they may negate capital disparities that exist between schools and the population of students they serve. At stake is the emancipatory belief that different kinds of schools operate to serve the diverse educational needs of different kinds of students in different kinds of ways.

Thesis: Nav. E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, System Design and Management Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 143-154).
Set-based design (SBD) is a relatively new complex product development method. Its use has been well researched in the automotive and aerospace industries and, although it requires an upfront investment in resources, it has been shown to reduce design cycle time, later stage rework, total ownership cost, and improve design knowledge capture. The current fiscal environment of the U.S. Government has obligated the Department of Defense to challenge each service to "do more, without more" by finding efficiencies. Since 2005, the U.S. Navy has self-identified ship design as a process improvement priority and embarked in design tool and policy changes which resulted in the "Two Pass / Six Gate" process in 2008. Subsequent U.S. Navy ship design and acquisition actions have presented an opportunity to research and analyze the amenability of SBD, and its proposed benefits, with the U.S. Navy's Two Pass / Six Gate process to realize the efficiencies sought by acquisition executives. The results of this analysis identified that Gates 2 (Analysis of Alternatives) and 3 (Capability Development Document) have the most amenability to the principles and benefits of SBD. An Analysis of Feasibility is provided as an alternative to the current Gate 2 and 3 ship design processes. Executing Gate 2 and 3 ship design activities using the set-based Analysis of Feasibility process produces preferred Cost vs Capability trade-off results while reducing design cycle time and cost. Specific policy recommendations for the Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Development and Acquisition) are provided to decree replacement of the current Analysis of Alternatives with the Analysis of Feasibility.
by John Genta.
Nav. E.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

Thesis: Nav. E., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, System Design and Management Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 85-87).
Since the early 2000's, the US Navy has endeavored to decrease the Total Ownership Cost (TOC) of their ships through a decrease in Operating and Support costs. This led to a large-scale effort by ship program managers to decrease crew size on current and prospective ships. Also during this time period, the rapid-onset improvement of technology led to the increase and complexity of automated systems and equipment installed on ships. These combining trends have caused ships to evolve from a fully manually operated system into a socio-technical system. But does increasing automation to support minimally manned ships lead to the expected performance? To answer this question, a thorough understanding of how the Navy currently determines its manpower requirements was obtained. The purpose was to discover the driving factors that influence manpower requirements, which are mission, installed systems, maintenance and training. Next, the process that the Navy uses to develop and manage technology was explored. The purpose was to discern the driving factors that influence technology selection, which are capability, maturity and cost. Since the Defense Acquisition System (DAS) is the framework that intersects manpower requirements, technology selection and ship design, a brief overview of DAS is given. Using key acquisition documents from DDG-51, LCS, and DDG-1000 programs, the selection, classification and implementation of automated technology on these platforms were explored. This data was then combined with the baseline manpower model to highlight key manpower and automation strategies for each platform and then study the resulting performance. From these case studies, it was determined that automation as a manpower reduction strategy gives mixed cost and readiness performance results. Although automation leads to lower manpower costs, increases in maintenance, training and shore support also occur. Some of these costs were offset through the use of human system integration early in the ship design, however, the maintenance and training costs of high-degree-automation systems was higher than estimated.
by Roxane Powers.
Nav. E.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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This research aims to study the professional identity of the mechanic course teachers of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí (IFPI). This research is guided by the following question: What sociopolitical and educational configurations, in the form of public policies, contextualize the academic-professional trajectory of teachers, in different historical moments, and which were effected in the Institution and reflected, in particular, in the constitution of professional identity of the Mechanic course teachers? In order to answer this question, the general objective was drawn: to understand how the identity and professionalism of the Mechanic course teachers from IFPI are constituted, in the three moments of institutional configuration ETFPI, CEFET-PI and IFPI. To achieve this goal, the following specific objectives were outlined: describe the public policies related to Professional Education, at these historical moments; characterize the training and the professional and academic trajectory of the teachers, from the configuration of the ETFPI to the present moment. Therefore, this research, with a qualitative approach, involves the study of the constitution of the professional identity, in an institution, through the life history of four teachers. The analysis is based, besides the legislation pertinent to Professional Education, in documentary analysis and studies in the perspective of Adorno & Horkheimer's Critical Theory; in the notions of identity and professionalism of Dubar and Nóvoa, among others. Despite the contradictions that can be identified in the policy proposals and in the practices they carry out throughout the history of teacher education, in professional education, the analyzes reveal the commitment of the IFPI Mechanics professors to teaching, showing that professional achievement derives from being and being in the profession. The search for continuing education reveals the value and importance that these teachers attribute to pedagogical training in the construction of their identity and teaching professionalism.
Esta investigación tiene como objeto de estudio la identidad profesional de docentes del curso de Mecánica del Instituto Federal de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología del Piauí (IFPI). Nortea este estudio, la siguiente cuestión: ¿Qué configuraciones sociopolíticas y educacionales, en forma de políticas públicas, contextualizan (ron) la trayectoria académico-profesional, en diferentes momentos históricos y, que se efectivizaron en la Institución e incidieron, en especial, en la constitución de la identidad profesional de los profesores del curso de Mecánica? En búsqueda de respuestas para esta cuestión, se trazó el objetivo general: comprender cómo se constituye la identidad y la profesionalidad docente de los profesores del curso de Mecánica del IFPI, en los tres momentos de configuración institucional ETFPI, CEFET-PI e IFPI. Para el alcance de ese objetivo, se delinearon los siguientes objetivos específicos: describir las políticas públicas relativas a la Educación Profesional, en esos momentos históricos; caracterizar la formación y la trayectoria profesional y académica de los profesores, desde la configuración de la ETFPI hasta el presente momento. Para esto, esta investigación posee un abordaje cualitativo, envolviendo el estudio de la constitución de la identidad profesional, en una institución, por medio de la historia de vida de cuatro docentes. El análisis se fundamenta, además de la legislación pertinente a la Educación Profesional, en análisis documental y estudios en la perspectiva de la Teoría Crítica de Adorno & Horkheimer; en las nociones de identidad y profesionalidad de Dubar y Nóvoa, entre otros. A pesar de las contradicciones que pueden ser identificadas en las propuestas políticas y en las prácticas que éstas llevan a cabo, a lo largo de la historia de la formación docente, en la educación profesional, los análisis revelan compromiso de los profesores de Mecánica del IFPI con la docencia, mostrando que la realización profesional se deriva del ser y estar en la profesión. La búsqueda por formación continuada revela el valor y la importancia que estos profesores atribuyen a la formación pedagógica en la construcción de su identidad y profesionalidad docente.
Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a identidade profissional de docentes do curso de Mecânica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI). Norteia este estudo, a seguinte questão: Que configurações sociopolíticas e educacionais, em forma de políticas públicas, contextualizam (ram) a trajetória acadêmico-profissional, em diferentes momentos históricos e, que se efetivaram na Instituição e incidiram, em especial, na constituição da identidade profissional dos professores do curso de Mecânica? Em busca de resposta para essa questão, traçou-se o objetivo geral: compreender como se constitui a identidade e a profissionalidade docente dos professores do curso de Mecânica do IFPI, nos três momentos de configuração institucional ETFPI, CEFET-PI e IFPI. Para o alcance desse objetivo, delinearam-se os seguintes objetivos específicos: descrever as políticas públicas relativas à Educação Profissional, nesses momentos históricos; caracterizar a formação e a trajetória profissional e acadêmica dos professores, desde a configuração da ETFPI até o presente momento. Para tanto, esta pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, envolvendo o estudo da constituição da identidade profissional, em uma instituição, por meio da história de vida de quatro docentes. A análise fundamenta-se, além da legislação pertinente à Educação Profissional, em análise documental e estudos na perspectiva da Teoria Crítica de Adorno & Horkheimer; nas noções de identidade e profissionalidade de Dubar e Nóvoa, dentre outros. Apesar das contradições que podem ser identificadas nas propostas políticas e nas práticas que estas levam a efeito, ao longo da história da formação docente, na educação profissional, as análises revelam comprometimento dos professores de Mecânica do IFPI com a docência, mostrando que a realização profissional decorre do ser e estar na profissão. A busca por formação continuada revela o valor e a importância que esses professores atribuem à formação pedagógica na construção de sua identidade e profissionalidade docente.

Climate change mitigation necessitates substantial alterations to patterns of worldwide economic activity, be that reduction in demand, switches to new technology or 'end-of-pipe' abatement of greenhouse gases. There are profound political, economic and ethical questions surrounding the governance of the means, rate and location of change. Within advanced capitalist economies and internationally through the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change emissions trading systems have been introduced as part of the broader neoliberal attempts to 'correct market failure' through the definition of new property rights.This thesis investigates the development, constitution and consequences of institutions for the production, exchange and consumption of credits for emissions reductions. Such credits are financial instruments awarded to organisations for putative reductions in emissions from 'business as usual'. In consumption, credits are equated with a quantity of emissions released elsewhere. The 'Instituted Economic Process' framework (Randles and Harvey, 2002) is used to distinguish the various classes of agent involved in these exchanges and identify the economic and non-economic relationships that constitute these institutions. Inspired by the economic anthropology of Karl Polanyi, this approach asks how economic activity is organised and stabilised within society without presuming that there are universal economic laws of 'the market', that there are essential properties of commodities and agents, or that all economic transfers are conducted within markets.I argue that crediting is a socially contingent process of commodification of atmospheric pollution which is both ontologically and normatively problematic. Extant institutions are shown to be precarious by appealing to neutral techno-scientific justifications but remaining reliant on subjective judgement. However, they are sufficiently consistent and credible that they persist and expand. These findings are of interest to the academic communities of political economy and environmental and economic geography, climate change policy makers and the environmental movement more broadly.

Моісеєнко, О. М. Формування інституціонального механізму державного управління економічним розвитком України : дис. ... канд. наук з держ. управління : 25.00.02 / О. М. Моісеєнко. - Чернігів, 2021. - 248 с.
Дисертацію присвячено актуальним проблемам, пов’язаним із з’ясуванням специфіки формування інституціонального механізму державного управління економічним розвитком, що забезпечує розподіл владних повноважень між основними агентами соціально-економічних відносин. У дисертації здійснено теоретичне узагальнення попередніх наукових досліджень щодо визначення змісту та ролі державного управління економічним розвитком, а також запропоновано нове вирішення наукового завдання, що виявляється у комплексному дослідженні інституалізації відносин в економічній сфері, інституційного забезпечення розподілу влади з метою подальшого розвитку соціально-економічної системи України. Проведено аналіз основних теоретичних парадигм в межах науки державного управління, який дозволив зробити висновок про те, що мета державного втручання в економіку розглядалася дослідниками неоднозначно. Зроблено висновок, що цілями державного управління економічною сферою з точки зору конструктивності дій її суб'єктів є покращення умов ефективного вибору впровадження та проведення інституціональних змін. Схарактеризовано функції державного управління та запропоновано державне управління економікою розглядати як свідомий вплив держави на економічні об’єкти та процеси з метою надання певної спрямованості господарській діяльності шляхом узгодженості дій суб’єктів національної економіки та, у перспективі, досягнення бажаних результатів. Автором констатується, що ефективне державне управління розвитком економіки України має передбачати впровадження нової якості формування інституціонального механізму, що включає м’які механізми (консультаційні та інформаційні), а також поєднує завдання модернізації національної економіки та забезпечення збалансованого розвитку держави. У роботі визначено, що державне управління економічним розвитком країни має здійснюватися комплексно, системно та послідовно за допомогою організованих заходів правового, соціального, політичного, фінансового характеру. Представлено та обґрунтовано механізм досягнення балансу суспільних інтересів та механізм впливу держави на розвиток інституціональної структури, що підкреслюють присутність владних відносин у всіх громадських зв’язках і взаємодіях. На основі дослідження сутність публічно-економічної влади та її складових наголошено на необхідності формування інституціонального механізму державного управління розвитком економіки та зазначено про необхідність прийняття стратегічних державних рішень лише за умови узгодження з представниками публічного сектору. Окреслено місце й роль інституціонального механізму в системі механізмів державного управління економічним розвитком та запропоновано до структури такого механізму управління включити організаційну компоненту й нормативну компоненту. У роботі представлена концептуальна схема запуску інституціонального механізму державного управління економічним розвитком, що складається з блоків ініціативи, підтримки та удосконалення та запропоновано авторське визначення щодо трактування сутності «інституціонального механізму державного управління розвитком економіки». Проведено аналіз ефективності державного управління економічним розвитком та засвідчено позитивні зрушення в системі стратегічного планування в частині ухвалення важливих документів для розвитку економічної сфери в державі. Встановлено, що: 1) іноземне інвестування в національну економіку відбувається за моделлю слаборозвинених країн, що виключає швидке поширення новітніх технологій та представлено схему взаємодії суб'єктів економіки; 2) ефективним та дієвим шляхом впливу на представників економічної влади є контроль із боку громадського суспільства, яке в сучасній економіці стає одним із суб’єктів економічних відносин та має можливість сформувати дієву систему публічно-економічної влади; 3) існує зв'язок між рівнем розвитку громадянського суспільства й економіки країни відповідно до якого нація може дозволити собі будувати громадянське суспільство лише на основі певного, досить високого рівня розвитку економіки. Автором у науковий обіг введено показник «потенціал інституціоналізації», який надає можливість виділяти та ідентифікувати перспективні напрямки розвитку публічно-економічної влади. У роботі визначено, що «потенціал інституціоналізму» – це показник, який дає можливість віднести економічну систему до того чи іншого типу, ідентифікуючи таким чином і форму власної взаємодії. В авторській трактовці елементами «потенціалу інституціоналізму» слід вважати рівень розвитку інститутів влади, рівень участі держави в управлінні економікою, рівень ієрархії учасників економічних відносин, рівень свободи, рівень сприйняття інновацій в рамках існуючої соціально-економічної системи. Побудовано механізм взаємодії владних і підприємницьких структур та сформовано ключові принципи, на які має опиратися інституціоналізація. Схарактеризовано стратегічні пріоритети зміцнення інституційного базису політики економічного розвитку в Україні та представлено етапи організаційного механізму сприяння такому розвитку. Головним завданням держави визнано формування ефективної економічної стратегії та подальша консолідація суспільства в напрямі її реалізації, що включає сприяння налагодженню партнерських відносин між усіма економічними суб’єктами. Представлено інституціональний механізм державного управління економічним розвитком, що передбачає на шляху до досягнення стратегічних цілей розвитку економіки України формування належного інституціонального середовища. Виділено інституціональні загрози розвитку економіки та сформовано механізм підвищення ефективності державного управління економічним розвитком, визначено елементи формування інституційного середовища забезпечення економічного розвитку країни. Була вирішена проблема визначення перспективних кроків держави, які спрямовані на оптимізацію інституційних ризиків стихійного розвитку економічної влади в умовах посилення глобальної невизначеності за рахунок забезпечення політики інституційного протекціонізму у контексті вирішення завдань довгострокового підвищення національної конкурентоспроможності. Доведено, що в ситуації кризи, дестабілізації економіки, вплив держави на інвестиційний процес набуває особливого значення, тому пожвавлення інвестиційної діяльності – одна з умов виходу для сталого розвитку. Окреслено механізми і канали державного управління інноваційноінвестиційним розвитком країни. Основні напрями інвестиційної політики включають: проведення децентралізації інвестиційного процесу; перехід відбезповоротного фінансування підприємств до кредитування їх на платній і поворотній основі; збереження ролі держави як інвестора у сфері найважливіших виробництв, соціальній сфері, суспільно значущих об'єктів; посилення контролю за цільовим витрачанням коштів бюджету, спрямованих на інвестиції; використання централізованих інвестицій на реалізацію ефективних програм і проєктів, що швидко окуповуються, розширення практики їх часткового фінансування; стимулювання приватних та іноземних інвестицій, вдосконалення нормативної бази, надання гарантій та страхування інвестицій. Ступінь розширення державної участі має об'єктивні межі, обумовлені, з одного боку, реальними фінансовими можливостями, а з другого – завданням стимулювання, а не витіснення приватних інвестицій. Принципи державної інвестиційної політики при існуючих ресурсних обмеженнях і несформованість ринкових механізмів інвестування передбачають вибір пріоритетних напрямів інвестування, підвищення ступеня керованості інвестиційним процесом на основі посилення обґрунтованості, послідовності й комплексності розроблюваних заходів. При орієнтованості інвестиційної стратегії в цілому на перенесення центру ваги з державного інвестування на формування сприятливого інвестиційного середовища державна інвестиційна політика має бути спрямована на підтримку пріоритетних галузей і виробництв, носити системний і виважений характер. Зроблено висновок, що активізація інвестиційної активності породжує в суспільстві низку проблем внаслідок чого виникає проблема розподілу «інституційних ресурсів суспільства», які доцільно розглядати як сукупність адаптивних можливостей, пов’язаних з достатнім рівнем стійкої економічної довіри та масовою схильністю до конструктивного вирішення господарчих конфліктів в умовах трансформаційних змін.
The dissertation is devoted to topical issues related to clarifying the specifics of the formation of the institutional mechanism of state management of economic development, which ensures the distribution of power between the main agents of socioeconomic relations. The dissertation provides a theoretical generalization of previous research to determine the content and role of public administration of economic development, as well as a new solution to the scientific problem, which is manifested in a comprehensive study of institutionalization of economic relations, institutional support for further development of socio-economic system of Ukraine. An analysis of the main theoretical paradigms within the science of public administration, which led to the conclusion that the purpose of government intervention in the economy was considered by researchers ambiguous. It is concluded that the goals of public administration in the economic sphere in terms of constructive actions of its subjects are to improve the conditions for effective choice of implementation and implementation of institutional changes. The functions of public administration are characterized and it is proposed to consider public administration of the economy as a conscious influence of the state on economic objects and processes in order to provide a certain direction of economic activity by coordinating the actions of national economies and, in the long run, achieving desired results. The author states that effective state management of Ukraine’s economic development should provide for the introduction of a new quality of institutional mechanism formation, which includes soft mechanisms (consultation and information), as well as combines the tasks of modernizing the national economy and ensuring balanced state development. The paper defines that the state management of economic development of the country should be carried out comprehensively, systematically and consistently with the help of organized measures of legal, social, political, financial nature. The mechanism of achieving the balance of public interests and the mechanism of state influence on the development of the institutional structure are presented and substantiated, emphasizing the presence of power relations in all public relations and interactions. Based on the study, the essence of public economic power and its components emphasized the need to form an institutional mechanism of state management of economic development and noted the need for strategic government decisions only with the consent of the public sector. The place and role of the institutional mechanism in the system of mechanisms of state management of economic development are outlined and it is suggested to include the organizational component and the normative component in the structure of such management mechanism. The paper presents a conceptual scheme for launching the institutional mechanism of state management of economic development, consisting of blocks of initiative, support and improvement, and proposes an author's definition of the essence of the "institutional mechanism of state management of economic development." An analysis of the effectiveness of public management of economic development and showed positive changes in the system of strategic planning in terms of adopting important documents for the development of the economic sphere in the country. It is established that: 1) foreign investment in the national economy is based on the model of underdeveloped countries, which eliminates the rapid spread of new technologies and presents a scheme of interaction of economic entities; 2) an effective and efficient way to influence the representatives of economic power is the control of civil society, which in the modern economy becomes one of the subjects of economic relations and has the opportunity to form an effective system of public economic power; 3) there is a connection between the level of development of civil society and the country's economy, according to which a nation can afford to build a civil society only on the basis of a certain, fairly high level of economic development. The author introduced the indicator "potential of institutionalization" into scientific circulation, which provides an opportunity to identify and identify promising areas of development of public and economic power. The paper defines that the "potential of institutionalism" is an indicator that makes it possible to attribute the economic system to a particular type, thus identifying the form of their own interaction. In the author's interpretation, the elements of "potential of institutionalism" should be considered the level of development of government institutions, the level of state participation in economic management, the level of hierarchy of economic relations, the level of freedom, the level of perception of innovation within the existing socioeconomic system. The mechanism of interaction of power and business structures is built and the key principles on which institutionalization should be based are formed. The strategic priorities of strengthening the institutional basis of economic development policy in Ukraine are characterized and the stages of the organizational mechanism of promoting such development are presented. The main task of the state is the formation of an effective economic strategy and further consolidation of society in the direction of its implementation, which includes the promotion of partnerships between all economic entities. The institutional mechanism of state management of economic development is presented, which envisages the formation of a proper institutional environment on the way to achieving the strategic goals of economic development of Ukraine. Institutional threats to economic development are highlighted and a mechanism for improving the efficiency of state management of economic development is formed, elements of forming the institutional environment for economic development of the country are identified. The problem of identifying promising steps of the state aimed at optimizing the institutional risks of spontaneous development of economic power in the context of increasing global uncertainty by ensuring the policy of institutional protection in the context of solving problems of long-term national competitiveness. It is proved that in a situation of crisis, destabilization of the economy, the influence of the state on the investment process becomes especially important, so the revival of investment activity is one of the conditions for sustainable development. Mechanisms and channels of state management of innovation and investment development of the country are outlined. The main directions of investment policy include: decentralization of the investment process; transition from non-repayable financing of enterprises to lending to them on a paid and repayable basis; preservation of the role of the state as an investor in the sphere of the most important productions, social sphere, socially significant objects; strengthening control over the targeted spending of budget funds aimed at investment; use of centralized investments for the implementation of effective programs and projects that pay off quickly, expanding the practice of their partial financing; stimulating private and foreign investments, improving the regulatory framework, providing guarantees and investment insurance. The degree of expansion of state participation has objective limits, due, on the one hand, to real financial opportunities, and on the other - the task of stimulating rather than displacing private investment. The principles of state investment policy with the existing resource constraints and the lack of market investment mechanisms provide for the choice of priority areas of investment, increasing the degree of control over the investment process based on strengthening the validity, consistency and complexity of the developed measures. With the investment strategy as a whole focused on shifting the focus from public investment to the formation of a favorable investment environment, public investment policy should be aimed at supporting priority industries and industries, be systematic and balanced. It is concluded that the intensification of investment activity creates a number of problems in society resulting in the problem of allocation of "institutional resources of society", which should be considered as a set of adaptive capabilities associated with a sufficient level of sustainable economic confidence and mass propensity to constructively resolve economic conflicts transformational changes.

Dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS) catalyses the five-step transformation of the seven carbon sugar 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAH7P) to the carbacycle dehydroquinate (DHQ). Multiple studies have described in detail the mechanism of most of the steps carried out by DHQS with the exception of the final cyclisation step. In this study, (3S)-3-fluoro-DAH7P and (3R)-3-fluoro-DAH7P (fluorinated analogues of DAH7P) were produced and assayed across three phylogenetically distinct sources of DHQS in order to determine the role of the enzyme during the cyclisation step of the reaction. Incubation of (3S)-3-fluoro-DAH7P with DHQS from Escherichia coli, Pyrococcus furiosus, and Kiwifruit resulted in the production of different ratios of (6S)-6-fluoro-DHQ and 1-epi-(6S)-6-fluoro-DHQ for each enzyme. In addition, enzyme catalysis showed a slowing of reaction rates when (3S)-3-fluoro-DAH7P was used, suggesting that the fluorine at C-3 is stabilising the enol pyranose. An increase in the stabilisation of the fluoro-enol pyranose would allow release of this substrate intermediate from the enzyme to compete with the on-going on-enzyme reaction. The differences in the ratio of products formed suggest that the cyclisation occurs in part on the enzyme and that the epimeric product arises only by an abortive reaction pathway where the (3S)-3-fluoro-enol pyranose is prematurely released and allowed to cyclise free in solution. Once in solution, the (3S)-3-fluoro-enol pyranose could undergo a conformational change in the ring leading to the formation of the epimeric product. Furthermore, it is suspected that the position of fluorine influences the likely transition-state in carbacycle formation leading to the production of the epimeric product. This research has illuminated the role of the enzyme in guiding the correct stereochemistry of the product and illustrates the important molecular interplay between the enzyme and substrate.

Карпунець, А. С. Механізм реформування державної служби України: соціокомунікативний аспект : дис. ... канд. наук з держ. управління : 25.00.02 / А. С. Карпунець. - Чернігів, 2018. - 253 с.
У дисертації узагальнено теоретичні засади та обгрунтувано пріорітетні напрями та інструменти щодо удосконалення механізму реформування державної служби України. Проаналізовано підходи до дослідження державної служби як соціального інституту, визначено засади її функціонування; визначено підходи до трактування поняття “комунікація” в галузі державного управління; визначено механізм реформування та механізм управління функціонуванням державної служби; проаналізовано зарубіжний досвід організації та функціонування інституту державної служби. Аналіз наукової літератури щодо досліджуваного питання засвідчив, що інститут державної служби є комплексним явищем, який може розглядатися з точки зору правових, організаційних, економічних, культурних, професійних, морально-етичних, соціокомунікативних аспектів. Виділяють два основних підходи до визначення державної служби – діяльнісний та інституціональний. Доведено, що розгляд державної служби як соціального інституту надає можливість ширше поглянути на даний феномен та оцінити його роль і значення у системі суспільних відносин. Установлено, що соціальна сутність державної служби полягає у тому, що вона є відображенням суспільних відносин та цінностей. Водночас, державна служба як інструмент реалізації влади спрямована на виконання функцій і завдань держави, розбудову демократичного суспільства, захист права та інтересів громадян. Запропоновано авторське трактування державної служби як соціального інституту, що у своїй багатоаспектності виступає проміжною ланкою між державою та громадськістю, діє як інструмент реалізації державної політики і канал комунікації між державною та суспільством, має здійснювати свою діяльність на основі партнерства з громадськістю та відкритості задля забезпечення демократії, ефективної реалізації реформ, зміцнення довіри та сталого розвитку держави та суспільства. Установлено, що досягнення ефективності функціонування державної служби можливе за умов формування дієвого механізму управління, що є управлінською системою, яка складається з інституціонального, організаційного, економічного та соціокомунікативного механізмів. Вона включає сукупність норм, методів, інструментів, заходів регулювання усіх аспектів функціонування державної служби; спрямована на забезпечення ефективності виконання функцій держави, якісне надання адміністративних послуг населенню, налагодження ефективної системи комунікації з громадськістю, зміцнення довіри з боку суспільства, забезпечення сталого розвитку держави. З огляду на орієнтацію системи державного управління України на європейські стандарти управління, організацію та функціонування державної служби, установлено необхідність наявності дієвого механізму реформування інституту державної служби. Визначено, що механізм реформування інституту державної служби спрямований на забезпечення адаптації функціонування інституціонального, організаційного, економічного та соціокомунікативного механізмів до викликів внутрішного та зовнішнього середовища; функціонує на засадах гнучкості і орієнтації на новітні та ефективні технології в системі державного управління; має на меті забезпечення сталого розвитку державного управління. Доведено, що реформування державної служби в Україні має бути спрямоване передусім на налагодження ефективних комунікацій як всередині державної служби (горизонтальні, вертикальні рівні управління), так і з зовнішнім середовищем (громадськістю, державними управлінцями української та іноземних держав, організаціями, підприємствами тощо.). Аналіз наукової літератури з питань комунікації в системі державного управління і державної служби надав змогу зробити висновок, що поняття комунікації розкривається науковцями в трьох основних аспектах: з позиції інформаційної взаємодії, інтерактивної (комунікативна взаємодія органів державної влади між собою, взаємодія всередині певної бюрократичної системи, взаємодія їх з суб’єктами громадянського суспільства), управлінської взаємодії (спрямована на формування керуючих сигналів, які посилає певний публічний орган, та отримання зворотного зв’язку з боку регульованої системи). Обгрунтовано необхідність об`єднання цих трьох підходів в єдиний, який найбільш повно визначає сутність“комунікації в системі державної служби”. Це поняття трактується як соціальна взаємодія інституту державної служби з інститутами громадянського суспільства та суб'єктами управлінського впливу (державними службовцями, державними органами та структурами), яка реалізується через інституціоналізовані та неформальні канали комунікації; спирається на традиційні і новітні інструменти та форми взаємодії; має на меті інформування, досягнення консенсусу, врегулювання конфліктів, формування довіри і забезпечення стабільності побудови і функціонування державної служби та суспільства загалом на основі спільної системи цінностей. Зроблено акцент на застосуванні соціальних мереж як одного з інструментів комунікації державних службовців з громадянами, що надасть змогу сприяти поширенню ідей, думок, проектів уряду та підвищенню рівня довіри до влади. Указано на необхідність контролю з боку держави та розробки стандартів роботи державних службовців з соціальними мережами з метою запобігання підриву іміджу, престижу, рівня довіри громадськості до влади у разі надання недостовірної, неетичної інформації або некомпетентного коментаря з боку державного службовця. Узагальнено зарубіжний досвід організації і функціонування інституту державної служби, на підставі чого визначено загальні умови ефективного функціонування такого інституту незалежно від моделі (зокрема, досліджено континентальну, азіатську, англо-саксонську моделі). Установлено, що в основу функціонування системи державної служби має бути покладено відбір компетентних і кваліфікованих кадрів; матеріальна винагорода державних службовців як невід’ємна складова підтвердження їх соціального статусу має переважно відповідати рівню заробітної плати в приватному секторі. Крім того, встановлення заробітної плати має відбуватися на основі рівня кваліфікації, ефективності та досвіду роботи державного службовця. Механізми кар’єрного просування також мають базуватися на заслугах та ефективності та бути невід’ємною частиною кадрової політики. Зарубіжний досвід антикорупційної політики засвідчує, що долання корупції можливе за умов підвищення потенційних витрат і зниження потенційних вигоди від участі в корупційній діяльності шляхом створення чіткої нормативно-правової бази, максимально можливої відкритості для суспільства та наявності політичної волі керівництва. Впровадження системи електронного врядування є також з одним напрямів діяльності уряду щодо запобігання корупції в системі державної служби. Проаналізовано дії інституціонального, організаційного, економічного та соціокомунікативного механізмів функціонування інституту державної служби, досліджено засади їх функціонування, виявлено основні недоліки, розроблено модель формування комунікативного механізму державної служби. Аналіз нормативно-правової бази з питань організації, функціонування та управління в системі державної служби надав можливість дійти висновку, що механізми управління її функціонуванням загалом сформовано. Установлено, що позитивними зрушеннями у напряму реформування державної служби України стало прийняття нового Закону України “Про державну службу” № 889-VIII від 10 грудня 2015 року. Водночас доведено, що потребують подальшого унормування питання: суб’єктного складу конкурсних комісій, формування кадрового резерву державної служби, створення додаткової системи заохочень для кандидатів на посади державної служби в органах місцевого самоврядування, процедури проведення конкурсу на посади державної служби, врегулювання питання політичної неупередженості державних службовців. Дослідження дії організаційного та економічного механізмів функціонування державної служби виявило, що доцільним є посилення уваги до питань фінансового забезпечення інституціального розвитку та проведення прикладних досліджень задля забезпечення подальшого розвитку інституту державної служби. На основі аналізу інституціонального механізму установлено наявність широкого спектру форм і видів участі громадськості в управлінні державними справами та форм взаємодії. Виявлено обмеження, що стоять на заваді реалізації права громадськості на участь в управлінні державою. Установлено, що основними перешкодами на шляху забезпечення ефективних комунікацій в системі державної влади є недосконалість та обмеженість нормативно-правової бази, відсутність єдиної комунікативної стратегії, стандартів інформаційної взаємодії між органами влади та громадськістю, єдиної структури комунікативних підрозділів, правових та організаційних засад функціонування інформаційних підрозділів. На підставі аналізу та виявленні недоліків функціонування системи комунікації державної служби, розроблено соціокомунікативний механізм розвитку державної служби, реалізація якого передбачає систематичну взаємодію всередині системи державного управління та із зовнішнім середовищем; підпорядкованість єдиній комунікативній стратегії; моніторинг і контроль результатів комунікативної взаємодії; послаблення політичного підгрунтя функціонування комунікативної системи державної служби. Установлено, що основними принципами формування соціокомунікативного механізму мають бути: гнучкість; швидка адаптація до змін політичного та соціально-економічного середовища; наукова основа; відповідність технічного забезпечення обсягу та змісту інформаційних потоків; орієнтація на найбільш ефективні технології державного управління; єдність підходу до комунікацій; політична незаангажованість. Обгрунтовано доцільність використання соціологічних досліджень як одного з інструментів налагодження ефективної комунікації в системі державної служби, запропоновано шляхи та напрями удосконалення соціокомунікативного механізму державної служби України. У ході проведеного нами соціологічного дослідження, спрямованого на з’ясування оцінки державними службовцями результатів реформування державної служби України, було встановлено, що: оцінка рівня престижу посади державного службовця корелює з категорією займаної ним посади; державні службовці позитивно оцінюють вплив нового Закону України “Про державну службу” на подальший розвиток державної служби як сервісного інституту. Основою налагодження партнерських відносин між державою та суспільством є долання корупції, інформаційна відкритість державної служби та підвищення заробітної плати державним службовцям. Основною причиною корупції в системі державної служби, на думку респондентів, є бажання компенсувати низьку заробітну плату та відсутність страху щодо наслідків корупційних вчинків. Більшість державних службовців відчувають необхідність розширення кола заходів з підвищення кваліфікації. Загалом має місце негативне ставлення до залучення іноземних фахівців на роботу в органи державного управління. Водночас, державні службовці оцінюють рівень довіри громадськості до їх діяльності як критично низький. Основними причинами зневіри громадян у реалізації реформ, на думку державних службовців, є невиконання обіцянок керівниками держави та депутатами, корупція, відсутність високої кваліфікації та креативного мислення у більшості державних службовців, відсутність прийнятної для більшості громадян стратегії реформування, популізм, невміння або неспроможність втілити в життя найкращі ідеї, “тяганина” у вирішенні будь-яких справ. Основними заходами долання корупції є: залучення до роботи людей із європейським мисленням, належне фінансове забезпечення державних службовців, суворе та безкомпромісне законодавство, невідворотність покарання за корупцію, прозорість доходів і видатків, виховання у молодшого покоління негативного ставлення до хабарництва, залучення до роботи в органах виконавчої влади представників громадянського суспільства, створення дорадчих органів ЦОВВ, подання позитивної інформації у ЗМІ щодо роботи держслужбовців тощо. Виявлено такі проблеми у сфері комунікацій, як: низька ефективність системи реординаційних комунікацій; нерівномірність рівня розвитку сучасних ІКТ на рівні регіонів; невідповідність рівня компетенцій державних службовців рівню розвитку сучасних ІКТ та зростаючому ускладненню технологій; відсутність уніфікованої структури комунікативних підрозділів; невизначеність правових та організаційних засад функціонування інформаційних підрозділів, їх завдань та функції в органі державної влади; несистемність міжвідомчої взаємодії; відсутність довгострокового стратегічного комунікативного планування; невідповідність сучасних програм підготовки та підвищення кваліфікації державних службовців у сфері урядових комунікацій. Визначено, що удосконалення соціокомунікативного механізму лежить в суб’єктній (долання комунікативної некомпетентності державних службовців) та об’єктній (розвиток сучасних ІКТ, матеріально-технічне забезпечення, усунення комунікативних обмежень на рівні регіонів тощо) площинах. Крім того, розбудова ефективної системи державних комунікацій потребує усунення дисбалансу між суб’єктним й об’єктним аспектами комунікативної діяльності в системі державної служби, а також усунення даного дисбалансу між регіонами України. Він полягає в тому, що рівень кваліфікації трудових ресурсів державної служби відстає від темпів розвитку сучасних ІКТ. Установлено, що демократизація суспільних відносин і розбудова відкритої для суспільства системи державної служби вимагає підвищення рівня комунікативних компетенцій державних службовців як одного з чинників забезпечення ефективності функціонування системи державного управління. Установлено, що усунення дисбалансу між суб’єктним та об’єктним аспектами комунікативної діяльності в системі державної служби потребує нормативно-законодавчого забезпечення розвитку компетенцій державних службовців у сфері ІКТ, впровадження відповідних освітніх програм, збільшення обсягу підготовки державних службовців у сфері ІКТ, розвиток загальнодержавних програм підвищення рівня грамотності щодо застосування сучасних інформаційних технологій, прискорення розвитку ІКТ в регіонах, впровадження відповідних програм технічного та програмного забезпечення регіонів, фінансова підтримка.
The dissertation summarizes the theoretical principles and justifies the priority directions and instruments for improving the mechanism of reforming the civil service of Ukraine. The approaches to the study of the civil service as a social institution are analyzed, the principles of its functioning a determined, the approaches to the interpretation of the notion “communication” in the field of public administration are defined, the reformation mechanism and the management mechanism of the civil service functioning are determined; the foreign experience of the civil service institute organization and functioning is considered. The analysis of scientific literature on the issue under research showed that the civil service institute is a complex phenomenon that can be considered from the point of view of legal, organizational, economic, cultural, professional, moral and ethical, and socio-communicative aspects. There are two main approaches to the definition of civil service – activity-related and institutional. It is proved that the consideration of the civil service as a social institution gives an opportunity to take a broader look at this phenomenon and assess its role and significance in the system of social relations. It has been established that the social nature of the civil service manifests itself in the fact that it is a reflection of social relations, affects the formation of legal consciousness and is an indicator and carrier of existing values. At the same time, the state service as an instrument of power implementation is intended to ensure not only the fulfillment of the state functions and tasks, but also to promote the building of democratic and civil society, to protect the rights and interests of citizens. The author introduces her interpretation of the civil service as a social institution, which in its multidimensional aspect acts as an intermediate link between the state and the public, acts as an instrument for the state policy implementation and a communication channel between the state and society, has to function on the basis of openness and partnership with the public in order to ensure democracy, effective reforms’ implementation, confidence-building and sustainable development of the state and society. It is established that achievement of the efficientcivil service functioning is possible in the conditions of an effective management mechanism formation, which is a management system consisting of institutional, organizational, economic and socio-communicative mechanisms. It includes a set of norms, methods, tools, and measures regulating all aspects of the civil service functioning and is aimed at ensuring the effective performance of state functions, providing high-quality administrative services to the population, establishing an effective communication system with the public, strengthening public confidence, and providing sustainable development of the state. Given the orientation of the Ukrainian public administration system to European standards of management, organization and functioning of the civil service, the necessity of having an effective mechanism for reforming the civil service institution has been established. It is determined that the mechanism of the civil service institute reformation is aimed at ensuring the adaptation of institutional, organizational, economic and socio-communicative mechanisms functioning to the challenges of the internal and external environment; functions on the basis of flexibility and orientation to the latest and most effective technologies in the system of public administration; is oriented to sustainable development of public administration. It is proved that the reform of the civil service in Ukraine should be aimed primarily at establishing effective communication both within the civil service (horizontal, vertical levels of government) and with the external environment (public, government officials of Ukrainian and foreign states, organizations, enterprises, etc.). The analysis of scientific literature on communication in the system of public administration and civil service has made it possible to conclude that the concept of communication is disclosed by scientists in three main aspects: from the standpoint of information interaction, interactive (communicative interaction of state authorities with each other, interaction within a certain bureaucratic system, their interaction with the subjects of civil society), management interaction (directed to the formation of control signals sent by a certain public authority and feedback receipt from the regulated system). The necessity of combining these three approaches into the one that most fully defines the essence of “communication in the system of civil service” is substantiated. This concept is interpreted as social interaction of the civil service with institutes of civil society and actors of managerial influence (civil servants, state bodies, and structures), which is implemented through institutionalized and informal channels of communication; is based on traditional and newest tools and forms of interaction; is aimed at informing, reaching consensus, resolving conflicts, building trust and ensuring the stability of the civil service and society in general construction and functioning on the basis of a common system of values. The emphasis is layed on the use of social networks as one of the tools of communication between civil servants and citizens, which will help to spread ideas, thoughts, and government projects and to increase the level of confidence in government. The necessity of the state control and elaboration of standards of civil servants’ work with social networks is indicated in an effort to prevent undermining of image, prestige, level of public confidence in power in case of providing false, unethical information or incompetent comment by a civil servant. The foreign experience of the civil service institute organization and functioning generalized, which gave an opportunity to determine the general conditions for the effective functioning of such an institution irrespective of the model (in particular, the continental, Asian, and Anglo-Saxon models are investigated). It has been established that selection of competent and skilled personnel should be put in the basis of the civil service system functioning; the material remuneration of civil servants as an integral part of the confirmation of their social status should preferably correspond to the level of wages in the private sector. In addition, wages should be based on the level of qualification, efficiency and experience of a civil servant. Career development mechanisms should also be based on merit and effectiveness and be an integral part of the staffing policy. The foreign experience of anti-corruption policy shows that defeating corruption is possible in the face of raising potential costs and reducing the potential benefits of engaging in corruption through establishment of a clear legal framework, maximum openness to society and availability of political leadership of the government. Therefore, implementation of the e-governance system is one of the government's efforts to prevent corruption in the civil service system. Activities of the institutional, organizational, economic and socio-communicative mechanisms of the civil service institute functioning have been analyzed as well as the principles of their functioning, the main drawbacks have been revealed, the model of the civil service communicative mechanism formation has been developed. The analysis of the regulatory framework related to the organization, functioning and management of the civil service system made it possible to conclude that the mechanisms for managing its functioning were generally formed. It was established that the adoption of the new Law of Ukraine “On Civil Service” № 889-VIII of December 10, 2015 led to positive changes in the direction of reforming the civil service of Ukraine. At the same time, it has been proved that there is a need for further regulation of the following issues: parties of the competition commissions, the formation of the civil service personnel reserve, the creation of an additional incentive system for candidates for civil service positions in local self-government bodies, the procedures for conducting a competition for civil service positions, resolving the issue of political impartiality of public officers. The study of the effectiveness of organizational and economic mechanisms of the civil service functioning has shown that it is desirable to increase attention to the issues of financial provision of institutional development and to conduct applied research in order to improve the civil service institute. On the basis of the analysis of the institutional mechanism, a wide range of forms and types of public participation in the management of state affairs and forms of interaction was established. The restrictions on the implementation of the right of citizens to participate in the management of public affairs have been identified. It is established that the main obstacles to effective communication in the system of state power are the imperfection and limitations of the regulatory framework, the lack of a unified communicative strategy, standards of information interaction between authorities and the public, the unified structure of communicative units as well as legal and organizational principles of information units’ operation. Based on the analysis and detected shortcomings in the functioning of the civil service communication system, it became possible to elaborate a socio-communicative mechanism for the development of civil service, the implementation of which involves systematic interaction within the system of public administration and with the external environment; subordination to a single communicative strategy; monitoring and control of communicative interaction results; weakening of the political basis of the civil service communicative system functioning. It has been established that the main principles of the formation of a socio-communicative mechanism should be: flexibility, rapid adaptation to changes in the political and socio-economic environment, scientific basis, compliance of technical support to the volume and content of information flows, focus on the most effective technologies of public administration, unity of approach to communications; political negligence. The expediency of using sociological research as one of the tools for establishing effective communication in the civil service system is substantiated; ways and directions for improvement of the socio-communicative mechanism of the civil service of Ukraine are proposed. In the course of our sociological research aimed at elucidating civil servants’ assessment of reformation of the civil service of Ukraine, it was established that: the assessment of the prestige level of a civil servant's position correlates with the category of his or her position; civil servants positively evaluate the impact of the new Law of Ukraine "On State service" on the further development of the civil service as a service institute. The foundation for the establishment of partnership relations between the state and society is corruption overcoming, information transparency of the public service and higher salaries to civil servants. According to respondents, the main reason for corruption in the civil service system is the desire to compensate for low wages and lack of fear of the corruption consequences. Most civil servants feel that there is a need to expand the range of advanced training activities. In general, there is a negative attitude towards attracting foreign specialists to work in public administration. At the same time, public officials assess the level of public confidence in their activities as critically low. In the opinion of civil servants, the main reasons for citizens’ disenchantment with reforms’ implementation are unfulfilled promises by the state leaders and deputies, corruption, lack of high qualification and creative thinking in the majority of civil servants, the lack of a strategy for reforms acceptable to most citizens, populism, inability or inconsistency to put into practice the best ideas, “procrastination” in solving any issues. The main measures to overcome corruption are: involvement of people with European thinking in work, adequate financial support for civil servants, strict and uncompromising legislation, inevitability of punishment for corruption, transparency of incomes and expenditures, education in the younger generation of negative attitude to bribery, involvement of civil society representatives in work in executive bodies, creation of advisory bodies of the CEB, the provision of positive information in the media on the work of civil servants, etc. The following problems in the field of communications were identified: low efficiency of the system of reordinating communication, uneven level of development of modern ICTs at the regional level, inconsistency of civil servants’ competence with the level of modern ICT development and the growing complication of technologies, absence of unified structure of communicative units, uncertainty of legal and organizational principles of information divisions’ functioning as well as their tasks and functions in the body of state power, irregular interagency interaction, lack of long-term strategic communication planning, mismatch of modern schooling programs and training of civil servants in government communications. It is determined that the improvement of the socio-communicative mechanism lies in the subject (overcoming the communicative incompetence of civil servants) and the object (the development of modern ICT, material and technical support, elimination of communicative constraints at the regional level, etc.) areas. In addition, the development of an effective system of state communications requires elimination of imbalance between the subject and object aspects of communicative activity in the civil service system, as well as the elimination of this imbalance between Ukrainian regions. It lies in the fact that the level of qualification of the civil service labor resources lags behind the pace of modern ICTs’ development. It has been established that the democratization of public relations and development of a civil service system that is open to the public requires an increase in the level of communicative competence of civil servants as one of the factors ensuring the effective functioning of the public administration system. It is determined that eliminating the imbalance between the subject and object aspects of communicative activity in the civil service system requires regulatory and legislative support for the development of civil servants’ competences in the field of ICT, implementation of relevant educational programs, increase of ICT courses for civil servants, development of national programs raising the level of literacy with regard to the use of modern information technologies, accelerating the ICT development in the regions, introduction of relevant programs for technical and software provison in regions, and financial support.

This dissertation concerns quasistatic torsional mirror's for optical applications. The intended main area of application is the use as switch in optical network's, replacing the conventional optical-electro-optical conversation. With these actuator's a new concept of electrostatic actuation has been realised. While the drive electrodes are integrated into the deflectable mirror, the whole counter electrode below the mirror plate remains at equal ground potential. The device is manufactured out of two parts using method's of silicon bulk mikro machining. A deflectable mirror plate, torsional spring's and the surrounding support structure are fabricated within the thin device layer at the top of BSOI material. The counter electrode is manufactured out of a highly doped silicon wafer. Both part's are assembled together by adhesive bonding at die level at the end. Since the driving potential is supplied to the mirror plate and the counter electrode is at ground level, lateral tolerances because of device assembly mismatches does not appear with the use of the new concept. In detail the mirror plate itself is divided into two seperate electrodes by a parallel arrangement of filled isolating trenches. The highly doped device layer provides electrical connection via the torsional spring's to the mirror electrodes. A quasistatic torsional actuation is performed if a dc-voltage is applied between one mirror side and the counter electrode. Several design's have been fabricated. The lateral dimension of the torsional mirror plate vary from 0,5 mm to 2,0 mm. The designed characteristic frequencies vary from 0,5 to 3 kHz. For quasistatic actuation the pull in angle vary from 1 to 5 degree and the pull in voltage goes up to several hundred volts. Accessorily the mirror plate is enclosed by a comb drive structure. So that the device could be used for low voltage resonant actuation or an capacitive position read out becomes feasible. Within this thesis the new concept has been verified and functionality has been demonstrated. Depending on their characteristic frequency, devices are suitable to perform quasistatic actuation within 10 ms. Experiments indicated that the electrical isolation damages irreversible at drive voltage's above 400 volt. It limits the maximum deflection of nearly all design's. At prototype actuators repeatability has been studied. No drift was observed in the static characteristic within several cycles for certain designs. Closed-loop position control is not mandatory for the actuators fabricated within this thesis. Mechanical stress inside the mirror plate causes deformation of the reflective surface larger than permitted by optical criteria. This paves the way for further device optimization, yield improvement and system integration.

This dissertation concerns quasistatic torsional mirror's for optical applications. The intended main area of application is the use as switch in optical network's, replacing the conventional optical-electro-optical conversation. With these actuator's a new concept of electrostatic actuation has been realised. While the drive electrodes are integrated into the deflectable mirror, the whole counter electrode below the mirror plate remains at equal ground potential. The device is manufactured out of two parts using method's of silicon bulk mikro machining. A deflectable mirror plate, torsional spring's and the surrounding support structure are fabricated within the thin device layer at the top of BSOI material. The counter electrode is manufactured out of a highly doped silicon wafer. Both part's are assembled together by adhesive bonding at die level at the end. Since the driving potential is supplied to the mirror plate and the counter electrode is at ground level, lateral tolerances because of device assembly mismatches does not appear with the use of the new concept. In detail the mirror plate itself is divided into two seperate electrodes by a parallel arrangement of filled isolating trenches. The highly doped device layer provides electrical connection via the torsional spring's to the mirror electrodes. A quasistatic torsional actuation is performed if a dc-voltage is applied between one mirror side and the counter electrode. Several design's have been fabricated. The lateral dimension of the torsional mirror plate vary from 0,5 mm to 2,0 mm. The designed characteristic frequencies vary from 0,5 to 3 kHz. For quasistatic actuation the pull in angle vary from 1 to 5 degree and the pull in voltage goes up to several hundred volts. Accessorily the mirror plate is enclosed by a comb drive structure. So that the device could be used for low voltage resonant actuation or an capacitive position read out becomes feasible. Within this thesis the new concept has been verified and functionality has been demonstrated. Depending on their characteristic frequency, devices are suitable to perform quasistatic actuation within 10 ms. Experiments indicated that the electrical isolation damages irreversible at drive voltage's above 400 volt. It limits the maximum deflection of nearly all design's. At prototype actuators repeatability has been studied. No drift was observed in the static characteristic within several cycles for certain designs. Closed-loop position control is not mandatory for the actuators fabricated within this thesis. Mechanical stress inside the mirror plate causes deformation of the reflective surface larger than permitted by optical criteria. This paves the way for further device optimization, yield improvement and system integration.

Three UBC researchers have been awarded the 2007 NSERC Synergy Award for Innovation. A development of advanced pulp screen rotors that employ innovative energy-saving technology has garnered a 2007 NSERC Synergy Award. The 2007 Leo Derikx Award from the NSERC Synergy Awards has been awarded to UBC's Mineral Deposit Research Unit. A UBC collaboration with Weyerhaeuser, an international forest products company, and Paprican, the Pulp and Paper Research Insittute of Canada, is among the recipients of a 2007 NSERC Synergy Award for Innovation.

Police cooperation is an important part of EU's internal security, but its pursuance differs in each member state. This master thesis focuses on the coordination of police cooperation from the Czech Republic's point of view. The objective is to interpret the coordination mechanism in the Czech Republic and to analyse its level of centralization and the method of management. For this purpose, theories of liberal intergovernmental approach and institutionalism are engaged. The partial objective is to examine the influence of Europeanization on the coordination mechanism. Analysis is carried out on a systemic level, connecting the national and European coordination levels. The coordination mechanism of European police cooperation in the Czech Republic proved to be quite centralized with some decentralized elements and hierarchical management structure. The Europeanization affects the police cooperation in all its dimensions, with downloading, uploading and crossloading.

L’Histoire des écoles d’horlogerie de Besançon est inhérente à la naissance et à la continuité d’une industrie spécifique très localisée sur un territoire. Avec elles nous partons de l’ère « proto-industrielle » qui plonge ses racines dans les idéaux révolutionnaires de 1793 pour aboutir aux bouleversements technologiques de l’électronique et du « quartz » des années 1970… S’inscrivant sur la longue durée, trois « écoles » vont se succéder. Pour répondre aux attentes d’une industrie horlogère qui doit constamment faire face aux évolutions techniques, chacune à sa manière, va innover pour constituer un « corpus » original de formation qui n’est pas sans bousculer les rites et usages du temps. Si les deux premières « écoles » eurent une durée de vie limitée, la dernière entité, née en 1861 de la volonté municipale, va pendant plus d’un siècle, accompagner toute une ville (et sa région) dans sa réussite industrielle. Dès sa création, et au fur et à mesure des adaptations qu’elle a su mettre en place, par la qualité et la spécificité des formations dispensées, elle va irriguer de ses élèves toute une industrie toujours à l’affût de personnels qualifiés. Au plan national elle va diffuser le nom de Besançon comme « capitale française de l’horlogerie » en formant nombre d’horlogers-rhabilleurs tenant boutiques et autres ateliers de réparation par tout le territoire… Elle va servir de référence pour implanter dans la Cité des laboratoires de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur : un Observatoire chronométrique, une École d’ingénieurs, un Centre d’études horlogères et de développement industriel (Cétéhor)… Elle va contribuer à la diversification industrielle de la ville dans des domaines connexes à l’horlogerie, notamment dans le découpage, la micromécanique, l’appareillage et les microtechniques… Nationalisée en 1891, elle fait dès lors partie de la petite élite des Écoles Nationales Professionnelles (par assimilation), qui vont marquer le développement industriel du Pays. En 1933, quand elle intègre ses nouveaux locaux, par le nombre et l’originalité de ses filières (de l’ouvrier qualifié à l’ingénieur), par sa dotation en matériels modernes, elle est signalée comme étant le « premier établissement de l’enseignement technique » en France. Le cheminement de cette dernière école fait aussi ressortir une histoire « humaine », « prosopographique », qui met en exergue les nombreux anciens élèves qui se sont lancés avec grande réussite dans la création d’entreprises. Restés fidèles à leur école, ils ont contribué au renom et au développement de la richesse économique de la cité et de sa région… Avec ces écoles d’horlogerie, on aborde enfin l’histoire de l’Enseignement Technique en France. Pour répondre à la demande d’une industrie horlogère en pleine croissance qui déplorait les carences de l’apprentissage en atelier, elles ont été pionnières en ouvrant la voie de « la scolarisation » de la formation professionnelle. Par leurs innovations pédagogiques, et soutenues par les Anciens Élèves, elles ont su établir un lien « École-Entreprise » des plus fructueux qui marque encore la mémoire collective des Bisontins…En 1974 elle perd toute référence à l’horlogerie pour devenir le Lycée Jules Haag. Le temps de l’histoire est désormais advenu pour tenter de comprendre ce qui a fait la force et la réussite de ces « Écoles d’horlogerie » dans leur participation active, sur la durée, à la prospérité économique et industrielle d’une ville et de sa région…
The history of the watchmaking schools in Besançon is part of the birth and continuous development of a specific industry in a very limited sector of the French territory. When studying those schools we start at the « protoindustrial » time with its roots in the revolutionary ideals of 1793 and end up with the technological upheavals of electronics and the « quartz » technology in the 1970s. Three « schools » followed one another over the long term. Each school aimed at satisfying the demands of a watchmakng industry confronted to rapidly changing technical evolutions ; so it innovated in its own way by creating an original « corpus » in the students training and most of the time upset the practices and common ideas of the time. If the first two « schools » had a limited lifespan, the last one created in 1861 by the town council itself has been supporting the industrial growth of the city and the surrounding region. Since its foundation it has stuck to the industrial reality by placing the emphasis on high standards and opening new specific branches whenever necessary, thus answering the needs of firms always looking for highly qualified staff. For a large number of French people Besançon became the « capital town of the watchmaking industry » thanks to the shops or repair workshops kept by Besançon-trained former students all over France… It served as a background to set up research and university laboratories in the city : Observatoire Chronométrique, Ecole d’Ingénieurs, Centre d’Etudes Horlogères et de Développement Industriel (Cétéhor)… It contributed to the industrial diversification of the town in fields related to watchmaking such as mechanical cutting, micromechanics, equipment and microtechniques. It was nationalized in 1891 and then belonged to the very small elite goup of the Professional National Schools that influenced the future industrial development of the country. In 1933 it moved into sparkling-new premises and was acknowledged as the flagship of technical education in France : it offered a large number of innovating courses ranging from the skilled worker to the engineer and was granted the latest equipments in every field. The path of this new school also enhanced a « humane » and « prosopographical » history ; it highlighted the part played by the numerous former students who created their own successful businesses. Being faithful to their old school they contributed to the renown and economic growth and prosperity of the city and its region… Beyond the local impact we must regard the history of the watchmaking schools as an important part of the history of Technical Education in France. To meet the needs of a soaring watchmaking industry they opened the way to the transfer of professional training from apprenticeship in workshops with its observed shortcomings to education in technical high schools. Their pedagogical innovations, the strong support of their former students created a vital school-business link that still lives on in the collective memory of the town inhabitants.In 1974 its name changed to Lycée Jules Haag thus losing any reference to watchmaking. Let us now try and understand the strong influence and success of those watchmaking schools, the active part they played in the economic industrial prosperity of a town and its surrounding region…

UBC's research community recently received a significant boost in financial support for five research hubs that will join the Centre for Brain Health as newly appointed national Centres of Excellence for Commercialization and Research (CECR). Two UBC economics professors were recognized with separate Bank of Canada awards: the Research Fellowship 2008 and the Governor's Award. UBC's Brain Research Centre has recevied $25 million from the Province of BC to establish a new facility focused on translational brain research.

Письменний В. В. Місцеве оподаткування в умовах демократичних перетворень. – Рукопис. Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук за спеціальністю 08.00.08 – гроші, фінанси і кредит. – Тернопільський національний економічний університет, Тернопіль, 2007. У дисертації обґрунтовано науково-теоретичні підходи і запропоновано практичні заходи щодо вдосконалення місцевого оподаткування у контексті реформування механізму фінансового забезпечення місцевого самоврядування в Україні. Досліджено теоретичні та нормативно-правові аспекти місцевого оподаткування. Розкрито економічну сутність місцевих податків і зборів, показано їх вплив на фінансове забезпечення місцевого самоврядування. Розглянуто практику функціонування місцевого оподаткування в Україні. Оцінено ефективність роботи податкового апарату держави під час адміністрування місцевих податків і зборів. Визначено напрями вдосконалення функціональних механізмів місцевого оподаткування. Проаналізовано структуру та динаміку надходжень місцевих податків і зборів, а також систематизовано критерії оцінювання ефективності їх справляння. Виявлено можливості адаптації зарубіжного досвіду місцевого оподаткування до вітчизняної практики. Вироблено стратегічні підходи до реформування інституту місцевих податків і зборів в Україні. Обґрунтовано алгоритм самооподаткування мешканців територіальних громад. Розроблено економіко-математичну модель прогнозування фінансових результатів впровадження податку на нерухомість фізичних осіб.
Письменный В. В. Местное налогообложение в условиях демократических преобразований. – Рукопись. Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата экономических наук по специальности 08.00.08 – деньги, финансы и кредит. – Тернопольский национальный экономический университет, Тернополь, 2007. В диссертации исследованы этапы развития местного налогообложения от рабовладельческого общества, в котором роль местных налогов и сборов заключалась в мобилизации денежных средств, к современному периоду, когда они начали исполнять функцию перераспределения финансовых ресурсов для предоставления общественных услуг. В итоге выявлена тенденция повышения значения института местных налогов и сборов как неотъемлемого элемента финансового обеспечения местного самоуправления. Исследование подтвердило единодушие мнений зарубежных и отечественных ученых относительно соответствия местных налогов и сборов базовой доминанте местного налогообложения “услуги – оплата”. Подчеркнуто, что приближенной к этому фискальному обмену есть теория справедливости налогообложения, согласно которой налоговое бремя определяется обусловленной степенью эквивалентности местных налогов и сборов со встречными общественными услугами. По результатам исследования выделена подсистема местного налогообложения как составная часть системы налогообложения государства, предложено собственное определение института местных налогов и сборов, разграничены взаимозависимые понятия “местные налоги” и “местные сборы”. В диссертации проанализированы законодательные акты в сфере местного налогообложения, а также определены факторы, отрицательно влияющие на состояние его нормативно-правового обеспечения. В итоге подтверждено целесообразность принятия Закона “О местном налогообложении в Украине”. Исследован процесс реорганизации налоговых органов, который предусматривает создание налоговых округов. Сделан вывод, что переход от их построения по административно-территориальному принципу обеспечит трехуровневую структуру управления. В этом контексте разработана модель деятельности налоговых органов в сфере администрирования местных налогов и сборов. Сформулированы предложения относительно расширения базы налогообложения, пересмотра перечня налоговых льгот, изменения сроков уплаты, повышения предельных размеров налоговых ставок налога с рекламы и коммунального налога, сборов за выдачу разрешения на размещение объектов торговли и сферы услуг, за выдачу ордера на квартиру, за право использования местной символики, с парковки автотранспорта, рыночного и курортного сборов. Разработаны критерии эффективности администрирования местных налогов и сборов, которые характеризуют состав, структуру и динамику их поступлений. В частности, в диссертации проанализировано: выполнение плановых и фактических поступлений местных налогов и сборов, их удельный вес в ВВП, доходах и налоговых поступлениях в бюджеты; поступление местных налогов и сборов в расчете на одного жителя, по видам бюджетов, административно-территориальным единицам и налоговым платежам. В работе определены направления адаптации к практике Украины зарубежного опыта местного налогообложения, а также намечены стратегические подходы к реформированию института местных налогов и сборов, предусматривающие совершенствование налогового администрирования, отмену неэффективных местных налоговых платежей, распространение практики самообложения сельского населения, введение налога на недвижимость физических лиц. В результате предложен собственный вариант структуры подсистемы местного налогообложения, в которой представлен перечень платежей: коммунальный налог, налоги с рекламы и на недвижимость физических лиц; сборы за выдачу разрешения на размещение объектов торговли, за выдачу разрешений на строительство, за право использования местной символики, с парковки автотранспорта, рыночный, курортный и экологический сборы. Изложены требования к организации администрирования платежей по самообложению как формы добровольного участия граждан денежными средствами, которые внедряются на основе местного референдума, в мероприятиях по благоустрой-ству и социально-культурному развитию населенных пунктов. Спрогнозированы финансовые результаты ввода в Украине налога на недвижимость физических лиц на основе разработанной экономико-математической модели, учитывающей доходы населения и их налоговые обязательства, оптимальный уровень необлагаемой площади и предельные размеры налоговых ставок, отвечающих количеству квартир и частных домов жилищного фонда, а также их средней общей площади.
Pysmennyy Vitaliy. Local Taxation in the Conditions of Democratic Transformations. – Manuscript. The dissertation thesis is submitted for seeking the scientific degree of Candidate of Economics, specialty 08.00.08 – Money, Finance and Credit. – Ternopil National Economic University, Ternopil, 2007. Theoretical and practical approaches are developed to improve the system of local taxation within the context of the mechanism reformation for the local self-government financial provision in Ukraine. Theoretical, economic, organizational and legal aspects of local taxation are researched. Economic nature of local taxes and duties is revealed, and the effect is accentuated, which the latter produce on financial provision of local self-government. The utilitarian functioning of local taxation in Ukraine is studied. The efficiency of state tax administration is assessed with respect to its administrating the local taxes and duties. The lines are defined for local taxation functional mechanisms improvement. The composition, structure, and dynamics of returns of local taxes and duties are analyzed. The criteria of tax deduction efficacy are systematized. The opportunities are revealed for overseas taxation practices adaptation to our national conditions. The strategic approaches are substantiated to local taxation system reformation. The algorithm is developed for self-taxation of territorial communities people. The economic and mathematical model is elaborated for the outcomes prognostication of taxing the real estate of physical persons.

While much has been written on the Australian film and television industry, little has been presented by actual producers, filmmakers and technicians of their time and experiences within that same industry. Similarly, with historical documentaries, it has been academics rather than filmmakers who have led the debate. This thesis addresses this shortcoming and bridges the gap between practitioner experience and intellectual discussion, synthesising the debate and providing an important contribution from a filmmaker-academic, in its own way unique and insightful. The thesis is presented in two voices. First, my voice, the voice of memoir and recollected experience of my screen adventures over 38 years within the Australian industry, mainly producing historical documentaries for the ABC and the SBS. This is represented in italics. The second half and the alternate chapters provide the industry framework in which I worked with particular emphasis on documentaries and how this evolved and developed over a 40-year period, from 1970 to 2010. Within these two voices are three layers against which this history is reviewed and presented. Forming the base of the pyramid is the broad Australian film industry made up of feature films, documentary, television drama, animation and other types and styles of production. Above this is the genre documentary within this broad industry, and making up the small top tip of the pyramid, the sub-genre of historical documentary. These form the vertical structure within which industry issues are discussed. Threading through it are the duel determinants of production: ‘the market’ and ‘funding’. Underpinning the industry is the involvement of government, both state and federal, forming the three dimensional matrix for the thesis. For over 100 years the Australian film industry has depended on government support through subsidy, funding mechanisms, development assistance, broadcast policy and legislative provisions. This thesis aims to weave together these industry layers, binding them with the determinants of the market and funding, and immersing them beneath layers of government legislation and policy to present a new view of the Australian film industry.

This Master Thesis is the research done in the country of Rwanda. The project leads to study the climate of this country in order to establish whether this climate could be used to produce energy from air and to implement the first wind turbine for serving the nation.   After an introduction about the historical background of wind power, the thesis work deals with assessment of wind energy potential of Rwanda in focusing of the most suitable place for wind power plants. The best location with annual mean wind speed, the rate of use of turbine with hub height for an annual production per year, the mean wind speeds for 6 sites of Rwanda based on ECMWF for climatic data for one year at relief of altitude of 100m and coordinates are reported too.   The result of energy produced and calculations were done based on power hitting wind turbine generator in order to calculate Kinetic energy and power available at the best location to the measurement over the period of 12 months, that could be hoped for long term.   With help of logarithmic law, where wind speed usually increases with increasing in elevation and the desired wind speeds at all 6 sites were used. The annual energy production was taken into account at the best site with desired wind speed at the initial cost of turbine as well as the cost of energy (COE).However, with comparison of the tariff of EWSA, the price of Wind designed in this Research per kWh is cheaper and suitable for people of Rwanda.

I WISH TO PUBLISH MY THESIS

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Este trabalho propõe analisar o fenômeno da terceirização desenvolvido ao longo das duas últimas décadas em Bio-Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na unidade de produção de vacinas e reagentes para diagnóstico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo de cenário, analisando a política de gestão do trabalho desenvolvida pelo Estado brasileiro para as instituições públicas. A seguir, a análise passou a verificar a inserção da Fiocruz nessas políticas, desde a sua criação e no decorrer de vigência de diferentes formas de contratação, alternando da extrema rigidez para a total flexibilidade sempre com foco na gestão do trabalho, e, como essas políticas se refletiram no desempenho de Bio-Manguinhos. Baseado no contexto da conformação do Estado e na análise do desempenho da unidade, o trabalho critica a falta de planejamento e de prospecção dessas políticas, que favoreça a inovação de processos, produtos e procedimentos e o desempenho pleno de uma unidade de produção de insumos para a saúde, tão necessários ao atendimento das necessidades da população brasileira. Critica também, a ausência de um modelo de Estado consolidado que sirva de arcabouço à formulação dessas políticas. Devido às fortes críticas dos órgãos de controle acerca da extrapolação dos limites da terceirização praticada nas últimas duas décadas e à falta de definição clara desses marcos legais, o trabalho apresenta uma metodologia baseada nas atribuições dos cargos do plano de carreiras da Fiocruz e culmina com a apresentação de uma matriz de atribuições passíveis de serem realizadas por contratação indireta. Conclui pela necessidade de convivência de dois quadros de trabalhadores: um permanente formado por servidores, estáveis e de carreira e outro flexível, executado por contratação indireta, de caráter eventual, temporário ou de apoio às atividades relacionadas à missão de Bio-Manguinhos. O trabalho ainda sugere a aplicação da mesma metodologia às demais unidades da Fiocruz e que a instituição afirme, frente aos órgãos de controle, quais atividades que ela precisa manter no quadro de servidores permanente e quais ela quer delegar a terceiros sem contudo, ferir a legislação vigente. Por fim, constata-se que a metodologia apresentada ameniza, mas não resolve o problema, dessa forma, recomenda-se à Fiocruz buscar mecanismos que altere o modelo de gestão pelo qual está submetida a fim de viabilizar as duas formas de incorporação de mão-de-obra.

Evaluates the educational work of the Montreal Mechanics' Institute (1828-1835), and of the Mechanics' Institute of Montreal (1840-1870), and compares their work with the educational endeavor of British institutes. With appendices about education in Montreal 1815-1840; members of the Montreal mechanics' institutes; early Montreal libraries, and early Canadian museums.