Journal articles: 'Mechanics' institutes History'

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NESWALD, ELIZABETH. "Science, sociability and the improvement of Ireland: the Galway Mechanics' Institute, 1826–51." British Journal for the History of Science 39, no. 4 (November 10, 2006): 503–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087406008739.

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Irish mechanics' institutes have received little attention from historians of science, but their history presents intriguing questions. Whereas industrialization, Protestant dissent and the politics of liberal social reformers have been identified as crucial for the development of mechanics' institutes in Britain, their influence in Ireland was regionally limited. Nonetheless, many unindustrialized, provincial, largely Catholic Irish towns had mechanics' institutes in the first half of the nineteenth century. This paper investigates the history of the two mechanics' institutes of Galway, founded in 1826 and 1840, and analyses how local and national contexts affected the establishment, function and development of a provincial Irish mechanics' institute. Situating these institutes within the changing social and political constellations of early and mid-nineteenth-century Ireland, it shows how Catholic emancipation, the temperance movement and different strands of Irish nationalism affected approaches to the uses of science and science education in Ireland.

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Koltsov, I. A. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF SCIENTISTS FROM LENINGRAD UNIVERSITIES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL POTENTIAL OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE 1950—1970-s: PAGES OF HISTORY." HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ECOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 58 (2020): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33933/2074-2762-2020-58-142-155.

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In the 1950s - 1970s, the most important organizational form of higher education science was research institutes attached to higher education institutions. Having appeared in the 1920s, it proved effective. The first thematic laboratories were organized in Leningrad in 1956 at the Polytechnic Institute by Professor B.P. Konstantinov (who later became an academician) and the Electrotechnical Institute named after V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin) by Professor N.P. Bogoroditsky. The desire of scientists to increase efficiency of the research, to bring it closer to the practical needs of the national economy reflected in the organization of 13 research institutes at the Polytechnic Institute in 1963. In the 1950s - 1960s, the Leningrad State University had the previously formed research institutes: the Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Physical, Chemical, Biological and Physiological institutes, the Institute of the Earth’s Crust, the Geographical and Economic Institute. In 1959 – 1965, the University’s scientists completed the research on 5,300 planned topics. They performed 3,017 separate experimental and theoretical research, prepared 785 textbooks and teaching aids, completed 543 dissertations, and conducted contractual work on 955 topics. Only in 1969, 3,500 research papers created by LSU scientists were published. Among them were 107 monographs and 74 textbooks. Creative collaboration with industry workers was an integral part of the activities of the Leningrad State University’s scientists. Many of the LSU collective’s research were directly related to production needs. In 1959, the collective of the Physical faculty concluded 32 contractual works and 19 agreements on creative cooperation with industrial enterprises. In 1963, they performed research on 60 contractual topics for a total of 1,100,000 rubles, at the same time conducting 22 topics, provided by the agreements on the creative cooperation for a total amount of 1,300,000 rubles.

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Curthoys, Patricia, P. C. Candy, and J. Laurent. "Pioneering Culture: Mechanics' Institutes and Schools of Arts in Australia." Labour History, no. 67 (1994): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27509295.

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Forgan, Sophie. "Context, Image and Function: a Preliminary Enquiry into the Architecture of Scientific Societies." British Journal for the History of Science 19, no. 1 (March 1986): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400022779.

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From the late eighteenth century onwards, urban life underwent increasingly rapid change as towns outgrew their limits, industries polluted their skies and rivers, and a host of new types of building appeared to cater for new needs and activities. Not only did towns look different, but, as Thomas Markus has said, ‘they also ‘felt’ different in the organization of the spaces they contained.’ Buildings which housed scientific activities—the learned societies, literary and philosophical societies, professional institutes, mechanics institutes, and by the end of the century the new civic universities—were one manifestation of this different ‘feeling’. These were quite new types of building, and we should therefore expect them to give us valuable information about the development of science, about ‘images’ of science and the meaning of those images, as well as the actual practice of science.

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Garner, A. D. "The Society of Arts and the mechanics’ institutes: The co‐ordination of endeavour towards scientific and technical education, 1851‐54." History of Education 14, no. 4 (December 1985): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0046760850140401.

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Kociumbas, Jan. "Science as Cultural Ideology: Museums and Mechanics' Institutes in Early New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land." Labour History, no. 64 (1993): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27509163.

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Nekrylov, Sergey A., and Georgiy V. Mayer. "Aleksandr Petrovich Bychkov: Life as Service to the University." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 53 (2021): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/53/1.

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The publication is dedicated to the contribution of Professor Aleksandr Petrovich Bychkov (1921–2009) to the development of Tomsk State University. Bychkov devoted more than 50 years of his life to Tomsk State University (TSU). As the rector of TSU (1967–1983), he made a significant impact on the improvement of not only TSU, but the entire scientific and educational complex of Tomsk Oblast. As the rector, Bychkov worked a lot and fruitfully on strengthening the material base, raising the scientific and pedagogical level of professors and research workers of faculties and research institutes and, on this basis, the level of training of university specialists. Throughout its history, Tomsk State University has striven for a close combination of training highly qualified specialists with conducting fundamental and applied scientific research. In this regard, an important event for the university was the opening (1968) of the Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (the first director was A.D. Kolmakov). In the same 1968 the Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics was opened (the first director was V.A. Pegel). One of the indicators of the recognition of TSU’s merits in the field of scientific work was the approval of Tomsk State University as the basic university of the West Siberian Scientific and Methodological Council of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the RSFSR. The contribution of Tomsk State University named after V.V. Kuibyshev in the training of highly qualified specialists and in the development of science was marked by the awarding of TSU with the Order of the October Revolution in 1980. Over 70 professors and teachers were awarded orders and medals. In the 1960s–1970s, when Bychkov was TSU’s rector, the material base of the university improved noticeably. A new building of the Research Library was put into operation, including a 12-tier storage for 2.5 million volumes; three buildings for research institutes, a sports complex, a university stadium, four dormitories for students and one for graduate students, four apartment buildings for teachers and scientific workers, a children’s center (in Yuzhnaya Square) were built. In 1970, the reconstruction of the tropical greenhouse of the Botanical Garden began. As a rector, Bychkov used to delve into all the little details in the economic life of the university, attend lectures and exams (he attended the lectures of all professors who worked at TSU at that time); he also found time for intensive social work. Bychkov was one of the initiators of “Professor Days” (since 1978) when professors and associate professors organized lectures and talks at enterprises and in districts of the region. He was recognized for his benevolence, abilities to hear the interlocutor, to unite and motivate to accomplish the assigned task. Optimist by nature, he was able to instill optimism in those around him.

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Verity, David. "History of the Bradford Mechanics′ Institute Library." Library Review 44, no. 3 (May 1995): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242539510086267.

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Walker, Martyn. "‘For the last many years in England everybody has been educating the people, but they have forgotten to find them any books’: The Mechanics’ Institutes Library Movement and its Contribution to Working-Class Adult Education during the Nineteenth Century." Library & Information History 29, no. 4 (November 2013): 272–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1758348913z.00000000048.

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ZAITSEVA, N. L., N. V. ALDOSHIN, and N. YU RYABOVA. "DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DOMESTIC AGROENGINEERING EDUCATION IN RUSSIAN STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY - MOSCOW TIMIRYAZEV AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 4 (2021): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2021-4-149-169.

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The article is devoted to an important period in the history of agricultural engineering education at Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy – the 120-year history of the Agricultural Machinery Department of the Institute of Mechanical and Power Engineering named after V.P. Goryachkin. The authors distinguish six stages of the Department’s development – from its origin in the depths of the Petrovsky Agricultural and Forestry Academy, the Department’s establishment at the Moscow Agricultural Institute in 1901, and its development in the 20th-21st centuries. Particular attention focuses on the contribution of the founder and longterm head of the Department, academician V.P. Goryachkin – his developing agricultural mechanics and establishing an agricultural engineering school in our country.

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Toshenko, Zhan. "Turning the Pages of History." Science Management: Theory and Practice 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2022.4.2.6.

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The article highlights the experience of the first years of the creation of Soviet science in the conditions of revolutionary upheavals and Russian civil war. It is noted that, despite the difficult internal and international situation of Soviet Russia, in the early 1920s 33 new research institutes were already operating, including those that would become the glory of Russian science in the future - the Institute of Brain and Mental Activity, the Institute of Experimental Biology, the Institute for the Study of the North. Along with laying the foundations for Soviet science, there was an intensive formation of a new - Soviet - scientific and technical intelligentsia, which was achieved through a radical change in the structure of higher education, the classand national composition of students, training personnel for work in various sectors of the national economy, science, culture. It is with the activity of Soviet scientists that the creation of such branches of the national economy that ensured the autonomy and independence of the USSR economy from world capitalism is connected: mechanical engineering and machine tool building, aircraft building. The most direct participation of scientists was manifested in the creation of a metallurgical complex in the Urals (Magnitogorsk), the coal mining industry (Kuzbass), in the creation of automobile factories in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod, tractorfactories in Stalingrad, Chelyabinsk, and Minsk. Thus, the Soviet experience of creating a scientific and technological sphere in the most difficult conditions of the revolutionary crisis and civil war turned out to be successful. It was precisely the understanding of the role and significance of science for solving current and especially promising tasks that became one of the foundations for the victory of the socialist transformation of the country.

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Tsybulya, S. V. "Section of Physical Methods of Solid State Research of the Department of Physics of Novosibirsk State University." SIBERIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 17, no. 2 (September 11, 2022): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-9447-2022-17-2-75-80.

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The article is devoted to the Department of Physical Methods for Solid Research of the Physics Department of Novosibirsk State University, the basic institutes of which are the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis and the Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science. It tells about the history of the foundation of the department, its lecturers and the directions of their scientific research, and also about the disciplines studied. The reader can get acquainted with the list of department’s master’s programs and with the achievements of its graduates and the prospects for further development.

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Kraus, Hildie V. "A cultural history of the Mechanics' Institute of San Francisco, 1855–1920." Library History 23, no. 2 (June 2007): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174581607x205644.

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Luxán, M. P., D. Gaspar, R. Sotolongo, M. T. Solesio, and F. Dorrego. "El Instituto Torroja, edificio histórico: conservación y características de los materiales de sus fachadas." Materiales de Construcción 49, no. 255 (September 30, 1999): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.1999.v49.i255.441.

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Loboda, E. L., and A. M. Grishin. "Introduction." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2389, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2389/1/011001.

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Abstract The history of the All-Russian Scientific Conference "Conjugate Problem of Mechanics of Reactive Mediums, Informatics and Ecology" had started with scientific seminars, which began in 1973 at the initiative of young personnel of the Aerothermochemistry Department of the Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics of Tomsk State University. They tested new scientific results and established channels with leading scientists of scientific schools.

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Ramon, Marta. "‘A Local Habitation and a Name’: The Dublin Mechanics’ Institute and the Evolution of Dublin’s Public Sphere, 1824–1904." Irish Economic and Social History 46, no. 1 (June 21, 2019): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0332489319853721.

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The Dublin Mechanics’ Institute (1824–1919), like others of its kind, was established with the declared purpose of providing technical education to the city’s working classes. While its educational objectives were at best partially achieved, the Institute made a significant contribution to the development of Dublin’s public sphere. Especially after 1848, when the Institute acquired the building that would later become the Abbey Theatre, its premises became a hybrid space where the lower middle and working classes could not only attend courses and lectures, but also receive political training on the managing board, organise their own public events at the lecture hall and negotiate relations with their ‘social betters’ in the common area of the reading room. This article looks at the Dublin Mechanics’ Institute through the different venues it occupied between 1824 and 1904, in order to examine the connection between the provision and regulation of physical space and the development of civic and political culture. It argues that the Institute, far from representing a history of failure, must be understood as a key piece in the incorporation of the lower middle and working classes to Irish civic life during the middle decades of the nineteenth century.

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Langston, Lee S. "Some IGTI History." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 02 (February 1, 2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-feb-6.

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This article presents an overview of the history of International Gas Turbine Institute (IGTI). The IGTI gas turbine conference has been ASME's leading international technical meeting from its very beginning. The annual meeting is held in North America and in Europe on alternate years. Currently, more than half of the papers presented are from non-North American parts of the gas turbine community, most coming from Europe and Asia. The IGTI First Annual Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit was held on April 16–18, 1956 at the Hotel Statler in Washington, DC. This very fist ASME all-gas turbine meeting had 25 exhibitors, six technical sessions, a total of 17 papers, and an attendance of about 750. In recent years, IGTI has been able to fund about $1M in gas turbine scholarships, as well as providing the world's leading forum for gas turbine technology.

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Pilipenko, V. V. "Creation and early history of the Institute of Engineering Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine." International Applied Mechanics 34, no. 10 (October 1998): 938–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02701047.

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Guz, A. N., and J. J. Rushchitsky. "12-Volume Edition “Mechanics of Composites”: Considerable Mile-Stone in the Centenary History of the S. P. Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics." International Applied Mechanics 57, no. 5 (September 2021): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10778-021-01101-6.

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Korzh, М., О. Dynnik, and О. Nikolchenko. "Foundation history of the medical-mechanical institute in Kharkiv: key figures — Nikolai von Ditmar, Aleksandr Fenin, Karl Waegner, Mikhail Sytenko." Shidnoevropejskij zurnal vnutrisnoi ta simejnoi medicini 2020, no. 2b (December 2020): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2020.02b.104.

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The article is about history of the organization and development of the Medical-Mechanical Institute in Kharkiv and about individuals who made the management decisions and laid the foundation of the Sytenko orthopedic school.

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Matsevityi, Yu M. "Creation and early history of the Institute of Problems of Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine." International Applied Mechanics 34, no. 10 (October 1998): 935–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02701046.

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Wendt, Helge. "Exploring Reforms in Cuban Education: The Mechanical Institute in Havana, 1830 – 1860." Terrae Incognitae 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2020.1841880.

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Hansson, Nils, and Anders Ottosson. "Nobel Prize for Physical Therapy? Rise, Fall, and Revival of Medico-Mechanical Institutes." Physical Therapy 95, no. 8 (August 1, 2015): 1184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140284.

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This historical vignette explores the considerations of the Nobel Prize Committee for Physiology or Medicine by vetting the Nobel Prize chances of Dr Gustaf Zander (1835–1920). His way to stardom started 150 years ago when he began mechanizing the passive and active movements that physical therapists manually used to treat diseases. A glance at his machines shows that they parallel surprisingly well what can be found in modern fitness studios. By combining files from the Nobel Prize Archive and sources from the first physical therapists, this vignette pieces together why Zander was considered one of the best candidates for the Nobel Prize in 1916. By providing this glimpse of history, questions about the origin of physical therapy concepts and the profession of the physical therapist are raised.

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Male, Shailesh, Tapan Mehta, Huseyin Tore, Coridon Quinn, Andrew W. Grande, Ramachandra P. Tummala, and Bharathi D. Jagadeesan. "Gadolinium to the rescue for mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke." Interventional Neuroradiology 25, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1591019918815298.

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Introduction Mechanical thrombectomy in the setting of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) requires cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA), typically performed with iodinated contrast medium. We present a case of emergent cerebral DSA and mechanical thrombectomy using gadolinium-based contrast for cerebral DSA in a patient with a history of anaphylaxis to iodinated contrast agents (ICs). Case report A 72-year-old man developed left ventricle assist device thrombus while on anticoagulation. During hospitalization he suffered right middle cerebral artery occlusion with a National Institutes of Health stroke scale score of 10. He had a history of anaphylaxis and the advanced directives revealed do not resuscitate/do not intubate status. We performed an emergent DSA as part of thrombectomy procedure using gadolinium-based contrast mixed in 1:1 proportion with normal saline. The images obtained were of adequate quality and the patient underwent successful thrombectomy with modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2B recanalization. Conclusion Gadolinium-based contrast agents could be effective alternatives for cerebral DSA in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for AIS who have a history of anaphylactic reaction to ICs.

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Аносова, В. С. "Life path and the formation of scientific and political horizons of the scientisr-mechanic, minister of finance of the Russian empire I. A. Vyshegradsky." ВІСНИК СХІДНОУКРАЇНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ імені Володимира Даля, no. 3(259) (February 18, 2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/1998-7927-2020-259-3-5-8.

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The article briefly describes the life path, as well as the history of the formation of the horizons of the famous Russian scientist-mechanic, professor, Minister of Finance of the Russian Empire Ivan Alekseevich Vyshnegradsky. By 1862, Ivan Alekseevich had already visited several European countries and received the title of professor. From the same year, Vyshnegradsky’s activity began at the St. Petersburg Practical Technological Institute, in which he lectured on mechanical theory of heat and the theory of steam engines, was appointed a member of the study committee.On his initiative, the Department of Metal and Wood Technology was restored. In 1871, a mechanical laboratory was founded at the institute for scientific research on the resistance of building materials and for hydraulics experiments.In 1875, Vyshnegradsky was appointed director of the institute, continuing his teaching activities. Among the machines he designed: an automatic press for the manufacture of prismatic powder, lifting machines, a press for testing materials, a mechanical material handler (for a river port), etc. Features of economic policy of I. A. Vyshnegradsky consisted in the desire to increase the gold reserve of the empire and increase Russia's influence on the international economy and politics.For him, the most important and only task was the visible improvement of Russian finance in a short time. Favorable conditions were artificially created for heavy industry, which became a priority among the interests of the Ministry of Finance, often to the detriment of the interests of all agriculture.Under Vyshnegradsky, the export of Russian bread more than doubled. Stimulated the export of not only surplus bread, but also part of the necessary stocks of peasants. As a minister, he led the redemption of unprofitable railways, undertook control and financial (1889-1890) and tariff (1889) reforms in the railway sector.Conducted the conversion of state (external and internal) loans, which helped to reduce payments on public debt, lower interest, streamline public debt.

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Abukenova, Veronika. "Из истории исследований по энтомологии и защите растений в Карагандинской области К 115-летию Бориса Николаевича Мухачева." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 105, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg1/7-15.

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Boris Nikolayevich Mukhachev was the Dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Karaganda Pedagogical Institute from 1958 to 1963. He was an extraordinary man, inventor, agronomist-innovator obsessed with his work. At the beginning of his work in agriculture, he began to design mechanical devices to accelerate and facilitate the process of pollination of grain with agrochemicals and received two copyright certificates. The young innovator Mukhachev was a participant in the First All-Union Agricultural Exhibition in 1939. The historical trials that befell biologists in the USSR in the 30–40 years of the last century left a mark on his biography. He was among 200 advanced agronomists of Karlag. Mukhachev was engaged in the selection of winter crops in Kazakhstan. He led the fight against locusts and malaria in the Karaganda region. He successfully developed the experience of innovative work with agricultural plants and harmful insects in the fields of Central Kazakhstan. Mukhachev was engaged in pedagogical activity at the Karaganda Pedagogical Institute. Nevertheless, he remained a practitioner and a scientist, organizing the agrochemical laboratory and advanced training courses in the field of agricultural chemicalization for agronomists from different regions of Kazakhstan. The agrobiological station (of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of KarPI and later of the Faculty of Biology of KarSU), created under his leadership, during its 30 years of existence has played an important role in conducting methodological, scientific and educational work in the field of plant growing, zoology, physiology, botany, ornamental gardening, plant breeding, nature conservation, meteorology.

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Uno, Junji, Katsuharu Kameda, Ryosuke Otsuji, Nice Ren, Shintaro Nagaoka, Kazushi Maeda, Yoshiaki Ikai, and Hidefuku Gi. "Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion in Early Therapeutic Time Window." Cerebrovascular Diseases 44, no. 3-4 (2017): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000479939.

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Background: The natural history of basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is devastating, with morbidity rates increasing up to 80%. However, the efficacy of recanalization therapy for BAO has not been established as yet. Objective: We analyzed consecutive cases of BAO treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) to evaluate its safety and efficacy and to determine factors associated with the prognosis. Methods: Between October 2011 and September 2016, MT was performed in 34 patients with BAO. MT was performed using the Penumbra system and stent retriever. CT perfusion was used for evaluating patients. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps and cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps were evaluated. CBF/CBV mismatch was defined as ≥50% penumbra. Clinical outcomes were correlated with demographic, clinical, and radiographic findings. Results: The median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 29 (14-33). The recanalization rate (≥thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grades 2b) was 100%. The median onset to recanalization time (OTR) was 197 (160-256) min. Favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) at 90 days occurred in 56% (n = 19 of 34). The mortality rate at 90 days was 12% (n = 4 of 34). In univariate analysis, intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) use, and OTR were significantly associated with favorable outcomes. In a multivariate logistic regression model, IV rt-PA use and lower National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score were significantly related to favorable outcomes. Conclusion and Relevance: Multimodal endovascular therapy using the Penumbra system and stent retriever demonstrated a high recanalization rate and favorable outcomes for BAO. Both devices were feasible and effective in the treatment of BAO. An approach combining MT with IV thrombolysis provided a better recanalization rate and more favorable clinical outcomes.

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SETH, SUMAN. "Crisis and the construction of modern theoretical physics." British Journal for the History of Science 40, no. 1 (March 2007): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087406009101.

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This paper takes up the concept of ‘crisis’ at both historical and historiographical levels. It proceeds through two examples of periods that have been described by historians of physics using a language of crisis. The first examines an incipient German theoretical-physics community around 1900 and the debates that concerned the so-called ‘failure’ of the mechanical world view. It is argued, largely on the basis of what is now an extensive body of secondary literature, that there is little evidence for a widespread crisis in this period. Abandoning the term as both description and explanation, one comes to the far more intriguing suggestion that the conflict over foundations was not evidence of a divisive dissonance but rather of collective construction. What has been termed crisis was, in fact, the practice of theoretical physics in the fin de siècle. The second example is the period either side of the advent of quantum mechanics around 1925. Different subgroups within the theoretical-physics community viewed the state of the field in dramatically different ways. Those, such as members of the Sommerfeld school in Munich, who saw the task of the physicist as lying in the solution of particular problems, neither saw a crisis nor acknowledged its resolution. On the other hand those, such as several researchers associated with Niels Bohr's institute in Copenhagen, who focused on the creation and adaptation of new principles, openly advocated a crisis even before decisive anomalies arose. They then sought to conceptualize the development of quantum mechanics in terms of crises and the revolutions that followed. Thomas Kuhn's language of crisis, revolution and anomaly, it is concluded, arises from his focus on only one set of theoretical physicists. A closer look at intra-communal differences opens a new vista onto what he termed ‘normal’ and ‘revolutionary’ science.

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Abattouy, Mohammed, Jürgen Renn, and Paul Weinig. "Transmission as Transformation: The Translation Movements in the Medieval East and West in a Comparative Perspective." Science in Context 14, no. 1-2 (June 2001): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889701000011.

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The articles collected in this volume have their origin in an international workshop dedicated to “Experience and Knowledge Structures in Arabic and Latin Sciences.” Specialists from Great Britain, France, Denmark, Spain, Morocco, the United States, and Germany gathered in Berlin in 1996 in the context of an interdisciplinary research project on the history of mechanical thinking at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science. The workshop initiated a process of discussion focused on problems of the intercultural transmission and transformation of knowledge. The present double issue is an outcome of this ongoing discussion.

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Buhay, Diane, and Randall Miller. "The Natural History Society of New Brunswick Library: Supporting Geological Science." Earth Sciences History 29, no. 1 (June 8, 2010): 146–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.29.1.v58q7t8676308377.

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The Natural History Society of New Brunswick (1862-1932) based in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, produced an impressive body of research, including significant geological discoveries. Research and public education output of the Society was prolific. George Matthew, the Society's leading geologist published more than 200 scientific papers. Between 1862 and 1917 the Bulletin of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick records more than 800 lectures read before the Society and public audiences. Lectures were often at the leading edge of scientific discovery, such as Matthew's 1890 report of the first authentic Precambrian fossil. This amateur society supported the research of its members by developing a significant library. The only other library in the city with scientific resources belonged to the local Mechanics' Institute, later acquired in part by the Natural History Society. It is clear from library reports and minutes that, from the beginning, the intent was to provide members access to a science library necessary to support their research activities. Both libraries were particularly important as the Great Fire of 1877 destroyed personal libraries while the Society and Institute libraries were untouched. The library was particularly strong in North American and British journals and classic works in early geology. Some of the research shortcomings of Society members may have been a result of the library's weakness in European technical literature. The library and collections of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick formed the basis for the present New Brunswick Museum.

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Day, William H. "A Partial History of Water-Cooled Gas Turbines." Mechanical Engineering 137, no. 09 (September 1, 2015): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-sep-11.

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This article focuses on the work done at GE from 1960s to the early 1980s. GE funded the project of developing a full pressure/full temperature model of the same size. Test facilities were also built and run to gather data on potential problems such as: long term effects of partial channel water cooling on erosion, corrosion, and deposition; water supply, distribution and collection in the outer casing; materials testing with contaminated fuels. The results of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) program were sufficiently encouraging that GE and EPRI decided to advocate a bigger project to the US Department of Energy to demonstrate the concept in utility size components. GE dropped work on water cooling in the early 1980s. Part of the reason was concern of instabilities in the boiling water.

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Vega, Rafael A., Julie L. Chan, Tony I. Anene-Maidoh, Margaret M. Grimes, and John F. Reavey-Cantwell. "Mechanical thrombectomy for pediatric stroke arising from an atrial myxoma: case report." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 15, no. 3 (March 2015): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.peds14292.

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Children experiencing severe neurological deficit due to acute ischemic stroke may benefit from endovascular intervention. The authors describe the use of mechanical thrombectomy in the treatment of embolic occlusion secondary to an atrial myxoma in a pediatric patient. This case involved an 11-year-old boy with a history notable for Raynaud syndrome and a distal extremity rash who presented to the emergency department with dense hemiparesis secondary to thromboembolic occlusion of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery. Following mechanical thrombectomy, the patient's pediatric National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score improved from a 16 to a 7. In the setting of acute pediatric stroke due to atrial myxoma emboli, mechanical thrombectomy may be a first-line therapy.

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Болдырев, И. А., and А. В. Любимов. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THE DRYING PROCESS OF SUGAR BEET PULP IN A DRUM-TYPE DRYER." ВЕСТНИК ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА, no. 4(-) (August 30, 2022): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2022.18.4.010.

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История развития промышленных регуляторов неразрывно связана с развитием техники и технологий. Изначально регуляторы создавались как исключительно механические системы. Реализация механических регуляторов была ограничена возможностями механики того времени. В качестве примера можно привести регулятор Уатта, который стал символом второй промышленной революции. Уравнения Вышнеградского, описывающие работу регулятора Уатта, по праву считаются фундаментом такой науки, как теория автоматического управления. Изобретение электронных ламп позволило создавать первые регуляторы на электронной платформе. Затем последовали транзисторные регуляторы, а за ними регуляторы на операционных усилителях. Все приведенные выше платформы аппаратной реализации регуляторов подразумевают, что логика принятых ими решений заложена в них на стадии их проектирования и в последующем возможна лишь подстроечная регулировка. Современные регуляторы реализованы на цифровой платформе, которая даёт безграничную возможность реализации алгоритмов управления без изменения схемотехнических решений аппаратной платформы, т.к. реализация алгоритмов закладывается на уровне кода программы. На сегодняшний день реализация программных алгоритмов управления очень часто попадает в руки специалистов, которых можно отнести, скорее, к программистам, чем к специалистам в теории управления. В связи с этим реализация программных алгоритмов ограничена комбинациями из П.И.Д. звеньев с учетом весовых коэффициентов, играющих роль подстроечных параметров. Таким образом, безграничные возможности реализации алгоритмов управления на современной программно-аппаратной платформе ограничены лишь квалификацией специалистов. Приведен синтез регулятора для управления влагосодержанием в технологическом процессе сушки жома сахарной свеклы на основе метода Q-параметризации. Код для реализации данного регулятора в контроллере представлен на языке ST в среде разработки CoDeSys 2.3. Данную работу можно считать примером использования последних достижений ТАУ при реализации алгоритмов управления для промышленных объектов управления на базе современных программно-аппаратных комплексов The history of the development of industrial regulators is inextricably linked with the development of technology. Initially, regulators were created as exclusively mechanical systems. The implementation of mechanical regulators was limited by the possibilities of mechanics of that time. The Vyshnegradsky equations describing the operation of the Watt regulator are rightfully considered the foundation of such a science as the theory of automatic control. The invention of electronic lamps made it possible to create the first regulators on an electronic platform. This was followed by transistor regulators, and then regulators on operational amplifiers. All the above platforms for the hardware implementation of regulators imply that the logic of their decisions is embedded in them at the stage of their design and in the future only adjustment is possible. Modern regulators are implemented on a digital platform, which gives an unlimited opportunity to implement control algorithms without changing the circuit solutions of the hardware platform, since the implementation of algorithms is laid at the level of the program code. Such a democratic approach to the implementation of control algorithms has undoubted advantages, but also disadvantages, because previously created exclusively hardware regulators were designed by the corresponding research institutes and design bureaus, which included specialists of various profiles. To date, the implementation of software control algorithms very often falls into the hands of specialists who can be attributed more to programmers than to specialists in control theory. In this regard, the implementation of software algorithms is limited to combinations of P.I.D. links, taking into account the weight coefficients that play the role of tuning parameters. Thus, the limitless possibilities of implementing control algorithms on a modern hardware and software platform are limited only by the qualifications of specialists implementing regulators at control facilities. This paper presents the synthesis of a regulator for controlling moisture content in the technological process of drying sugar beet pulp based on the Q-parametrization method. The code for implementing this controller in the controller is presented in the ST language in the CoDeSys 2.3 development environment. This work can be considered an example of using the latest achievements of TAU in the implementation of control algorithms for industrial control facilities based on modern software and hardware complexes

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Lapteva, T. N. "Who is Who in an Academic Research Institute: The Image of a Scientific Institution in the Last Decades of Soviet Power (1963–1991)." Modern History of Russia 11, no. 4 (2021): 994–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2021.410.

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The article aims to provide an account of an academic scientific institute as an independent functioning unit of the Soviet scientific system from the first half of the 1960s until the end of the Soviet era. This was a time of gradual decline of scientific achievements of the USSR after resounding successes in the 1950s. During these years, the growth rate of the number of scientists sharply decreased, and the understanding of their role in the institutions of the USSR Academy of Sciences changed. Using a wide range of archival documents, some used for the first time, the functions of each category of research institute employees, their qualifications, boundaries of authority, and ways to strengthen their position are described as factors that affect the effectiveness of research activities of the institute. Estimates of contemporaries — members of the academic community, given to certain social groups of research institute collectives — are provided. The academic research institute created favorable conditions for free scientific work by organizing a system of positions. Researchers could use the assistance of highly qualified support staff, were spared from mechanical labor and responsibility for technical processes, and had to deal only with science. The formal status of researchers at the Academy during the 1960s — 1980s steadily strengthened until the end of the Soviet era, in which they had the right to influence the election of the director of the institute at the general meeting of the collective, which has also contributed to democratization in the late 1980s. The inability to intervene in individual research processes made it difficult to get rid of vain employees and thus reduced the effectiveness of Soviet scientific institutions.

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Miller, Randy F., and Diane N. Buhay. "19th to early 20th century geology lectures in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada." Atlantic Geology 51, no. 1 (October 28, 2015): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2015.014.

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Saint John, New Brunswick, has a long history of popularization of geology dating back to lectures presented in the 1820s. The first lecture series that included geology and presented to a public audience in 1824 was followed by almost a century of public engagement and presentation of geology topics to a relatively small city of 20 000 to 30 000 people. Lectures were often very general about the science of geology, specific as to the nature of minerals and mining in New Brunswick, and leading edge concerning the first discoveries of significant fossils in the Province. Even though it was a relatively small community, Saint John had an abundance of knowledgeable people, and institutions for presentation and discussion at the Saint John Mechanics’ Institute and the Natural History Society of New Brunswick.

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Robin Bhattarai, Karuna Tamrakar Karki, Dinesh Kumar Thapa, and Navin Kumar Yadav. "Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion 14 Hours after Stroke Onset." Eastern Green Neurosurgery 3, no. 01 (August 8, 2021): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/egn.v3i01.38980.

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A 45-year-old patient with no significant past medical history presented to out-patient department with aphasia and right hand weakness with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) of 10 and occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the M1 segment. Last known normal time was 14hrs (wake up stroke). Immediate endovascular thrombectomy was performed 14 hours after symptom onset with complete recanalization and complete clinical recovery. Although mechanical thrombectomy is generally considered an effective alternative strategy up to 8 hours after stroke onset, selected patients with a large diffusion/perfusion mismatch and small infarct cores may benefit from an expanded therapeutic window.

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Hay, R. J. M., and J. A. Lancashire. "Cultivar development and links to industry." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 6 (January 1, 1996): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.6.1995.3369.

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A brief history of how DSIR Grasslands operated as a plant breeding institute for New Zealand pastoral farming is presented, and this perspective shows how the present situation has been shaped whereby cultivars are now developed under contract to the forage division of AgResearch. A hypothetical cultivar development programme is detailed to show the mechanics of the Cultivar Development and Maintenance Unit (CDMU) operation. The role of CDMU in the future is discussed along with the continuing pressure for white clover seed production area in Canterbury. Keywords: buried seed, CDMU, cultivar development, plant variety rights, seed industry

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Ware, A. G. "The History of Allowable Damping Values for U.S. Nuclear Plant Piping." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 113, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2928756.

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Prior to 1982, pipe damping values in nuclear plants were prescribed by Regulatory Guide 1.61 and Appendix N to Section III of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. In the early 1980s, it became clear that piping design was too conservative resulting in systems that had far too many supports, particularly snubbers. These supports were costly to design, install, and inspect; contributed to increased worker radiation exposure; and since snubbers sometimes lock when unloaded causing higher fatigue usage in piping, the safety margin of the systems was reduced. A series of steps was undertaken by the Pressure Vessel Research Committee (PVRC) to propose new damping limits, which culminated in alternate damping allowable values, called PVRC damping. This damping was later adopted as Code Case N-411 to the ASME Code. Code Case N-411 has enabled several utilities to make significant reductions in the number of snubbers on their plants, resulting in lower maintenance costs, lower worker radiation exposure, and greater reliability (since the consequences of snubber malfunction are reduced). More recently, the Electric Power Research Institute sponsored a project by Bechtel to review the damping data, perform a regression analysis, and recommend a permanent change to the ASME Code to replace Code Case N-411.

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Josell, D., D. Basak, J. L. McClure, U. R. Kattner, M. E. Williams, W. J. Boettinger, and M. Rappaz. "Moving the pulsed heating technique beyond monolithic specimens: Experiments with coated wires." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 8 (August 2001): 2421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0332.

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Pulsed heating experiments that measure high-temperature thermophysical properties using pyrometric measurement of the temperature–time history of metal specimens rapidly heated by passage of electric current have a 30-year history at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. In recent years, efforts have been made to move beyond the limitations of the standard technique of using costly, black-body geometry specimens. Specifically, simultaneous polarimetry measurement of the spectral emissivity has permitted study of sheet and wire specimens. This paper presents the results of two efforts to expand beyond the macroscopically monolithic, single-phase materials of all previous studies. In the first study the melting temperatures of coatings, including Ti and Ti(Al) alloys, deposited on higher melting Mo substrates are measured. In the second study the melting temperatures of substrates, Ti and Cr, covered by higher melting W and Mo coatings are measured.

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Makhutov, N. A., and M. M. Gadenin. "Development of fundamental and applied researches in the field of machine sciences using strength, safe life, survivability and safety criteria." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 84, no. 10 (October 26, 2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2018-84-10-41-52.

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The stages and results of fundamental and applied research regarding the problems of strength, resource, survivability and technogenic safety carried out at the A. A. Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences throughout a 80-year history are considered. Equations of state and criterion expressions regarding static and dynamic loading, high-cycle and a low-cycle fatigue resistance, high-temperature and low-temperature static and cyclic strength, stress-strain states analysis upon elastic and elastoplastic strain, problems of linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics are derived. The last decades have been marked by the development of basic research on the mechanics of catastrophes, survivability and man-made safety of machines and structures, including the results of complex developments in all the listed areas of strength and resource. The results of studying strength, resource and survivability are the basic components for the mechanics of catastrophes and risks in the technogenic sphere, as well as the new principles and technologies for technogenic objects ensuring their safe operation and prevention on a reasonable scientific basis emergency and catastrophic situations and°r minimize possible damages attributed to them. Diagnostics of the current parameters of the material state and determination of the characteristics of stress-strain states in the most loaded zones of the analyzed technical system is thus a tool for ensuring safe operation conditions. The solution to the problem of assessing the strength and resource in such conditions includes creation of generalized mathematical and physical models of complicated technological, operation and emergency processes in technical systems to analyze conditions of their transition from normal state to emergency or catastrophic states. It is shown that as the analyzed structure passes through admissible to limiting states thus causing the occurrence of failures and subsequent emergency and catastrophic situations, it is necessary to introduce into the regulatory calculations of such states an additional set of defining equations and their parameters characterizing these limiting states. Those calculations are based on the systems of criterion equations, including the parameters of risk, safety and security of the technosphere objects.

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Comyn, Sarah. "Literary Sociability on the Goldfields: The Mechanics’ Institute in the Colony of Victoria, 1854–1870." Journal of Victorian Culture 23, no. 4 (July 31, 2018): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcy052.

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Glyantsev, S. P. "PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. In the Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). Scientifc Revolution in Transplantation (1960–1964). Achievements of the USA and the USSR in the feld of transplantation and transplant immunity (1962)." Transplantologiya. The Russian Journal of Transplantation 11, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.23873/2074-0506-2019-11-1-71-87.

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Correspondence to: Sergey P. Glyantsev, Prof., Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Department of the History of Cardiovascular Surgery at A.N. Bakoulev National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Head of the Medical History Unit within the Medical History Department at N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, e-mail: spglyantsev@mail.ru Received: August 08, 2018 Accepted for publication: September 12, 2018 The article presents the evidence of a scientific revolution in transplantology that occurred in the world in 1960-1964 with the shift of the paradigm from the impossibility of homoplastic organ transplants to the hope on their feasibility. It began in 1960 with awarding the Nobel Prize to P. Medawar and F. Burnet for the discovery of artificial immunological tolerance, it had its continuation in 1961–1962 with the advances in experimental transplantation of vital organs undertaken in conditions of mechanical circulation (R. Lower, N. Shumway) and immunosuppression (K. Reemstma), and completed with human transplantations of lung in 1963 and of heart in 1964 (J. Hardy). In those years, the concept of mechanical support for an ill heart by using an implanted mechanical assist device was developed and introduced (1963). But even against that background, V.P. Demikhov's achievements in homologous organ transplantation and the development of biological techniques to overcome tissue incompatibility looked impressive. His highest achievement was the transplantation of a supplemental heart to the dog Grishka in June 1962, and the dog survived with it for 141 days. However, after the discoveries in the field of transplantation immunity, the train of experimental transplantation where V.P. Demikhov was riding, began picking up speed very quickly, and the Soviet surgeons were to jump on its footboard.

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Cicilioni, Kurt, Brian Cristiano, J. Paul Jacobson, Daniel Hoss, Matthew Lund, Shauna Cheung, and Justin Dye. "Multiple Thrombectomies in the Same Patient within One Month: Case Report of a Patient with Trousseau Syndrome and Acute Ischemic Stroke." Brain Sciences 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090590.

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Background and Importance: Since Trousseau’s initial publication, the development of thromboembolic events related to malignancy has been well established. The pathophysiology of this is understood to be through activation of the coagulation cascade through neoplastic cells themselves or the therapy initiated (chemotherapy or surgery). To date, there have been a variety of studies, such as the OASIS-CANCER trial, which highlight the relationship of hypercoagulability to ischemic stroke. Despite these efforts, clear evidence is lacking for the utilization of antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy in the secondary prevention of stroke following mechanical thrombectomy in patients with suspected or confirmed malignancy. Clinical Presentation: A 71-year-old female with a history of immune thrombocytopenia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension who was undergoing an evaluation for a lung nodule, later determined to be adenocarcinoma of the lung, underwent three successful mechanical thrombectomies for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion over a one month period. This patient had improved National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores following each of her thrombectomies. However, her history of immune thrombocytopenia and underlying malignancy complicated her discharge medication regimen following each of her thrombectomies and may have contributed to her repeat strokes. Conclusion: Clear guidance is lacking regarding the utilization of antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy in patients with suspected or confirmed malignancy following mechanical thrombectomy. Review of the literature suggests that controlling a patient’s hypercoagulability may lead to improved clinical outcomes, but further clinical trials are warranted.

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El-Eskandarany, M. Sherif, Abdulsalam Al-Hazza, Latifa A. Al-Hajji, Naser Ali, Ahmed A. Al-Duweesh, Mohammad Banyan, and Fahad Al-Ajmi. "Mechanical Milling: A Superior Nanotechnological Tool for Fabrication of Nanocrystalline and Nanocomposite Materials." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102484.

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Throughout human history, any society’s capacity to fabricate and refine new materials to satisfy its demands has resulted in advances to its performance and worldwide standing. Life in the twenty-first century cannot be predicated on tiny groupings of materials; rather, it must be predicated on huge families of novel elements dubbed “advanced materials”. While there are several approaches and strategies for fabricating advanced materials, mechanical milling (MM) and mechanochemistry have garnered much interest and consideration as novel ways for synthesizing a diverse range of new materials that cannot be synthesized by conventional means. Equilibrium, nonequilibrium, and nanocomposite materials can be easily obtained by MM. This review article has been addressed in part to present a brief history of ball milling’s application in the manufacture of a diverse variety of complex and innovative materials during the last 50 years. Furthermore, the mechanism of the MM process will be discussed, as well as the factors affecting the milling process. Typical examples of some systems developed at the Nanotechnology and Applications Program of the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research during the last five years will be presented in this articles. Nanodiamonds, nanocrystalline hard materials (e.g., WC), metal-matrix and ceramic matrix nanocomposites, and nanocrystalline titanium nitride will be presented and discussed. The authors hope that the article will benefit readers and act as a primer for engineers and researchers beginning on material production projects using mechanical milling.

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Burger, Martin, John King, and Michael Ward. "Editorial." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 28, no. 5 (September 5, 2017): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792517000225.

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The special lead article in this issue of EJAM, by Profs. John Ockendon and Brian Sleeman, is dedicated to Prof. Joseph B. Keller (referred to as Joe by his friends), Emeritus professor of Stanford University, who was one of the greatest applied mathematicians of our time. Joe died in September 2016. A workshop in honour of Joe was held at the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, UK, in March 2017, focussing on some of the astonishingly wide range of topics in the mathematical sciences and continuum mechanics that Joe made substantial contributions to over his long career. This article discusses some of these pioneering contributions, describes some modern developments as discussed by the workshop speakers, and provides a more personal tribute to Joe, his history, and to his large influence on the international applied mathematics community. May the spirit of Joe, and his flavour of applied mathematics, continue to be reflected in EJAM.

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Verő, Balázs, Dénes Zsámbók, Ákos Horváth, János Dobránszky, László Kopasz, and József Hirka. "Advanced Structural Steels in the Hungarian Steel Industry." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.23.

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At the beginning of the third millennium, the world’s annual steel production reached 900 million tons. Flat products account for the majority of the production. It is also known that around three times the amount used today would be needed if the mechanical properties of the steels produced would have stagnated on the level characteristic of the 1930s and 40s. The history of the development and production of HSLA steel in Hungary dates back to the beginning of the 1960s. For the construction of the new Erzsébet Bridge, research workers at Danube Steelworks and at Steel Industry Research Institute developed the Ti micro-alloyed steel MTA50. In the study, we will summarise the history of the development of steels of the 700MPa strength category, thereafter we will introduce the main features of the project running within the scope of the National Research and Development Programme aimed at the development of DP- and TRIP-steels, and we will finally report on the results of the first year of the three-year project.

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Cheng, Chung-Tang. "Guy H. Orcutt’s Engineering Microsimulation to Reengineer Society." History of Political Economy 52, S1 (December 1, 2020): 191–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-8718000.

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This essay examines how microanalytic simulation (microsimulation) proposed by Guy H. Orcutt emerged as a tool in evaluating public policies. Inspired by the econometric work of Jan Tinbergen, young Orcutt harbored a “Tinbergen dream” in building a model covering the national economy. Early in his career, he had developed an analogue electrical-mechanical “regression analyzer” to calculate statistical estimates. During the mid-1950s, he shifted to micro-level data and the Monte Carlo method, and then created the first microanalytic simulation of demographic variables. After a failed trial at the University of Wisconsin, his ambitious microsimulation finally succeeded at the Urban Institute, constituted as the Dynamic Simulation of Income Model. Since the late-1970s, microsimulation have been used to understand the economic consequences of welfare and redistributive policies. As a pretrained electrical engineer and physicist, Orcutt viewed the socioeconomic system as an electrical-mechanical network. Microsimulation was an engine designed for not only scrutinizing the system but reengineering the society.

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Ramsay, Ellen L. "Art and Industrial Society: The Role of the Toronto Mechanic's Institute in the Promotion of Art, 1831-1883." Labour / Le Travail 43 (1999): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25148938.

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Bacal, Svetlana, Daniela Burduja, Galina Buşmachiu, Cristina Cebotari, and Ottó Merkl. "Longhorn beetles in the entomological collections of the Republic of Moldova (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)." Folia Entomologica Hungarica 81 (2020): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17112/foliaenthung.2020.81.43.

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The first inventory of Cerambycidae species kept in the collections of the Republic of Moldova is presented. A total of 121 species belonging to 60 genera and 6 subfamilies is listed, of them 5 are cited for the first time in the country. The specimens were collected between 1912 and 2019 and are kept in four entomological collections in the capital city Chişinau: the Museum of Entomology, the Institute of Zoology, the Museum of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History and the Museum of the State University of Moldova. The list of Cerambycidae species known to occur in Moldova has been expanded to 148 species.

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Verhunov, Victor. "Contribution of Professor K. G. Schindler (1869–1940) in formation of agricultural mechanics, theory and practice of testing of the agricultural machines and tools in Ukraine." History of science and technology 11, no. 1 (June 26, 2021): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-1-171-190.

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The article highlights the life and creative path of the outstanding domestic scientist, theorist, methodologist and practitioner of agricultural engineering K. G. Schindler, associated with the formation of agricultural mechanics in Ukraine. The methodological foundation of the research is the principles of historicism, scientific nature and objectivity in reproducing the phenomena of the past based on the complex use of general scientific, special, interdisciplinary methods. For the first time a number of documents from Russian and Ukrainian archives, which reflect some facts of the professional biography of the scientist, were introduced into scientific circulation. The main directions of fruitful pedagogical and scientific activities of K. G. Schindler, key segments of his creative search, which determined the further development of agricultural engineering, his leadership in the scientific community were described. It was proved that Professor K. G. Schindler has the primacy in founding the Station of Testing for Agricultural Machines and Tools at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute, which provided students of agronomic and mechanical faculties with the opportunity to get acquainted with the existing types and designs of tillage machines, systematically test its research methods. In addition, the station carried out scientific work on the study of certain issues of agricultural mechanization, development of methods and devices for research of agricultural machinery and implements. The seven functions of the agronomic-type research station developed by scientists for the first time in Europe at the beginning of the last century have become a reference point for many generations of researchers of agricultural machinery. K. G. Schindler was the first in the world to theoretically substantiate the need to improve the design of tillage equipment depending on soil and climatic conditions, made a significant contribution to the theory of soil deformation with the shelf of the plow body. In addition, he improved the Sakka dynamometer, developed a control dynamometer to check traction dynamometers and other devices, improved existing and developed new designs of tillage machines. K. G. Schindler was the first in Ukraine to teach a course in agricultural engineering.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanics' institutes History'

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