Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mechanically Actuated System

Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanically Actuated System'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanically Actuated System"

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Kamadan, Abdullah, Gullu Kiziltas, and Volkan Patoglu. "A Systematic Design Selection Methodology for System-Optimal Compliant Actuation." Robotica 37, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 656–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574718001248.

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SummaryThis work presents a systematic design selection methodology that utilizes a co-design strategy for system-level optimization of compliantly actuated robots that are known for their advantages over robotic systems driven by rigid actuators. The introduced methodology facilitates a decision-making strategy that is instrumental in making selections among system-optimal robot designs actuated by various degrees of variable or fixed compliance. While the simultaneous co-design method that is utilized throughout guarantees systems performing at their full potential, a homotopy technique is used to maintain integrity via generation of a continuum of robot designs actuated with varying degrees of variable and fixed compliance. Fairness of the selection methodology is ensured via utilization of common underlying (variable) compliant actuation principle and dynamical task requirements throughout the generated system designs. The direct consequence of the developed methodology is that it allows robot designers make informed selections among a variety of systems which are guaranteed to perform at their best. Applicability of the introduced methodology has been validated using a case study for system-optimal design of an active knee prosthesis that is driven by a mechanically adjustable compliance and controllable equilibrium position actuator (MACCEPA) under a periodic/real-life dynamical task.
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Wester, Brock A., Swaminathan Rajaraman, James D. Ross, Michelle C. LaPlaca, and Mark G. Allen. "Development and characterization of a packaged mechanically actuated microtweezer system." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 167, no. 2 (June 2011): 502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2011.01.005.

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Muralidharan, Vivek, Abhijith Balakrishnan, Vinit Ketan Vardhan, Nikita Meena, and Y. Suresh Kumar. "Design of Mechanically Actuated Aerodynamic Braking System on a Formula Student Race Car." Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 99, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40032-017-0354-1.

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Hancock, David, Mark Shannon, Bertrand Beaumont, Pierre Dumortier, Frederic Durodie, Volodymyr Kyrytsya, Fabrice Louche, Robert McKinley, and Keith Nicholls. "Design of a mechanically actuated RF grounding system for the ITER ICRH antenna." Fusion Engineering and Design 88, no. 9-10 (October 2013): 2100–2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.089.

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Grund, T., C. Megnin, J. Barth, and M. Kohl. "Batch Fabrication of Shape Memory Actuated Polymer Microvalves by Transfer Bonding Techniques." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-6.4.219.

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Polymer based microvalves offer outstanding properties for biomedical and life science applications. They can be produced cost efficiently by batch fabrication methods. Further, by adapting the polymer material, custom-tailored properties of the valve are possible. For mechanically active microvalves, actuation with smart materials like shape memory alloys is highly attractive due to their high work output per volume and favorable scaling behavior. For the integration of such smart materials, fabrication process incompatibilities between the actuator material and the polymer target system need to be avoided. This can be achieved by novel transfer bonding technologies being optimized for batch fabrication. These technologies are demonstrated for polymer microvalves actuated by a shape memory alloy but they can also be applied to other functional materials and structures.
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Csencsics, Ernst, Markus Thier, Reinhard Hainisch, and Georg Schitter. "System and Control Design of a Voice Coil Actuated Mechanically Decoupling Two-Body Vibration Isolation System." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 23, no. 1 (February 2018): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2017.2771440.

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Almeida, Alexsandro C. S., Tarlei A. Botrel, Steven R. Raine, Antonio P. de Camargo, Marinaldo F. Pinto, and Conan A. Salvador. "Irrigation controller mechanically actuated by soil-water tension: II - Field evaluations." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 5 (May 2017): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n5p298-303.

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ABSTRACT In this study, a field evaluation of the performance of an irrigation controller mechanically actuated by soil-water tension (SWT) was performed. The controller employs a tensiometer used as a sensor of SWT to directly control a mechanically actuated hydraulic valve. Six controllers were installed in an orchard to control the irrigation for six rows of plants over 64 days. Each controller controlled the irrigation of one lateral drip line. The drip irrigation system was gravity-fed from a water source placed 7 m above the soil surface. The SWT and the pressure in each lateral line were measured to evaluate the performance of the controllers. All the controllers tested in the field autonomously initiated and terminated the irrigation during the evaluation. Irrigation events were initiated when values close to the set soil-tension values were reached and were terminated at lower soil-tension values. As the SWT in the root zone was maintained close to the setup threshold plus 20% tolerance for at least 90% of the evaluation period, the performance of the controllers was considered satisfactory. The proposed controller was shown to be functional and was operated effectively for an SWT range of up to 30 kPa, which is commonly encountered under high-frequency irrigation conditions.
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Kagadi, Matin, Girish Tembhare, Vinaay Patil, and Sujay Shelke. "Optimization of Self Activating Bi-Metallic Valve Using Thermo – Structural Coupled FEA." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.147.

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Besides relying on electronically actuated valves, there is a need to have a mechanically actuated valve and a warning system as second layer of safety in-case of electronic malfunction. The specific process for which optimization is carried out, is the process of nitrous oxide generation from ammonium nitrate. The key challenge in the process was maintaining temperatures below 200°C, as above this temperature ammonium nitrate becomes explosive and hence safety risks are involved. The secondary objective was to maintain temperatures above 170°C, as below this temperature the reaction does not proceed. In this paper we have tried to fulfill these objectives by employing a bi-metallic valve and a warning system having bi-metallic strip which will bend at higher temperatures, thus serving our primary purpose of self-actuation. However the key constraint in determining the dimensions of the valve and the warning system is a desirable deflection of bi-metallic strip. To optimize these parameters we have employed non-linear FEA and thermo-structural coupled FEA, and this paper reflects on the process employed in achieving the same.
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Wen, Haiying, Ming Cong, and Guifei Wang. "Experimental verification of workspace and mouth-opening movement of a redundantly actuated humanoid chewing robot." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 42, no. 5 (August 17, 2015): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2015-0069.

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Purpose – This paper aims to verify the workspace and movement performance of a redundantly actuated humanoid chewing robot. Design/methodology/approach – A redundantly actuated humanoid chewing robot with 6-PUS linkages and two higher kinematic pairs (HKPs) is introduced. The design of HKPs is specified by mimicking the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structure obtained through a computed tomography scan of the mastication system. The border movement, mouth-opening trajectory and velocity of subjects’ lower incisor point are measured by using the mandibular kinesiograph. Based on the kinematics, the envelope of the workspace is analyzed. The workspace and mouth-opening movement experiments are carried out. The border movement of the lower incisor point is measured. The mouth-opening trajectory is planned and tested on the chewing robot. Findings – Comparing with measurement results of border movement and mouth-opening movement of human, it is shown that the humanoid chewing robot can meet the workspace requirements and is able to perform mouth-opening movement like human-beings. Practical implications – The chewing robot is designed to reproduce human jaw movements and application in test of dental components and materials or evaluation of food textural properties. Originality/value – The chewing robot is inspired by the mastication system which itself is mechanically redundant because of the TMJ and more muscles than required. The novel spatial redundantly actuated chewing robot is the first of this kind with two HKPs to mimic the human TMJ and is a higher fidelity mechanism.
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Khalifeh, Nour El-Hoda, Rudy Youssef, Farah Fadel, Roy Khalil, Elie Shammas, Naseem Daher, Imad H. Elhajj, Thomas Irrenhauser, Michael N. Niedermeier, and Christian Poss. "Sensorless localization of a minimally-actuated robotic system for automated pallet de-strapping." Assembly Automation 41, no. 6 (October 18, 2021): 681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-04-2021-0039.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to detail the design and prototyping of a smart automation solution for de-strapping plastic bonding straps on shipping pallets, which are loaded with multiple containers secured by a top-cover as they move on a conveyor belt. Design/methodology/approach The adopted design methodology to have the system perform its function entails using the least number of sensors and actuators to arrive at an economic solution from a system design viewpoint. Two prototypes of the robotic structure are designed and built, one in a research laboratory and another in an industrial plant, to perform localized cutting and grabbing of the plastic straps, with the help of a custom-designed passive localizing structure. The proposed structure is engineered to locate the plastic straps using one degree of freedom (DOF) only. An additional strap removal mechanism is designed to collect the straps and prevent them from interfering with the conveyor. Findings The functionality of the system is validated by performing full-process tests on the developed prototypes in a laboratory setting and under real-life operating conditions at BMW Group facilities. Testing showed that the proposed localization system meets the specified requirements and can be generalized and adapted to other industrial processes with similar requirements. Practical implications The proposed automated system for de-strapping pallets can be deployed in assembly or manufacturing facilities that receive parts in standard shipping pallets that are used worldwide. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first mechanically smart system that is used for the automated removal of straps from shipping pallets used in assembly facilities. The two main novelties of the proposed design are the robustness of the strap localization without the need for computer vision and a large number of DOF, and the critical placement and choice of the cutting and gripping tools to minimize the number of needed actuators.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanically Actuated System"

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Sul, Onejae Washburn Michael Sean. "Thermally actuated mechanical systems." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,392.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Physics and Astronomy." Discipline: Physics and Astronomy; Department/School: Physics and Astronomy.
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Farahat, Waleed A. (Waleed Ahmed) 1975. "Optimal workloop energetics of muscle-actuated systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39898.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122).
Skeletal muscles are the primary actuators that power, stabilize and control locomotive and functional motor tasks in biological systems. It is well known that coordinated action and co-activation of multiple muscles give rise to desirable effects such as enhanced postural and dynamic stability. In this thesis, we study the role of muscle co-activation from an energetics perspective: Are there situations in which antagonist co-activation leads to enhanced power generation, and if so, what is the underlying mechanism? The mechanical energetics of muscles are traditionally characterized in terms of workloop measures where muscles are activated against oscillating, zero-admittance motion sources. We extend these measures to more natural, "mid-range" admittance loads, actuated by multiple muscles. Specifically, we set up the problem of a second-order mechanical system driven by a pair of antagonist muscles. This is the simplest problem where the influences of load dynamics and muscle co-activation on the output energetics may be investigated. To enable experimentation, a muscle testing apparatus capable of real-time servo emulation of the load is developed and utilized for identification and workloop measurements.
(cont.) Using this apparatus, an experimentally identified model predicting muscle contractile force is proposed. Experimental data shows that with a simple Weiner structure, the model accounts for 74% (sigma = 5.6%) of the variance in muscle force, that force dependence on contraction velocity is minimal, and that a bilinear approximation of the output nonlinearity is warranted. Based on this model we investigate what electrical stimulation input gives rise to maximal power transfer for a particular load. This question is cast in an optimal control framework. Necessary conditions for optimality are derived and methods for computing solutions are presented. Solutions demonstrate that the optimal stimulation frequencies must include the effects of muscle impedances, and that optimal co-activation levels are indeed modulated to enable a pair of muscles to produce more work synergistically rather than individually. Pilot experimental data supporting these notions is presented. Finally, we interpret these results in the context of the familiar engineering notion of impedance matching. These results shed new light on the role of antagonist co-activation from an energetics perspective.
by Walled A. Farahat.
Ph.D.
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Nahon, Meyer. "Optimization of force distribution in redundantly-actuated robotic systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74596.

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This thesis presents an analysis of redundantly-actuated robotic systems with emphasis on systems which have a time-varying kinematic structure such as mechanical hands, walking machines and multiple manipulators grasping a common object.
Firstly, graph theory is used to characterize the kinematic structure of these systems and show that they can be decomposed into two subsystems, each with different properties. The contacts which occur between the constituent bodies in the system are then analyzed in order to determine the system's mobility (or number of degrees of freedom). It is found that this mobility varies during the task and that, at any given time, there will be more actuators active than are necessary.
The kinematic and dynamic equations governing the motion of these systems are then studied and compared to those of more conventional robotic systems. Although the inverse dynamics equations can be formulated in a number of ways, they always constitute an underdetermined system of linear equations. This allows their treatment as equality constraints in an optimization problem. In order to account for the limitations of passive contacts and actuator capabilities, inequality constraints are also considered.
The formulation of the optimization problem is then studied with emphasis on problems which are solvable in real-time and which produce time-continuous solutions. Quadratic programming is found to be a good choice of problem formulation. A quadratic-programming algorithm which efficiently includes both equality and inequality constraints is presented. A number of linear and quadratic objective functions which could be optimized are reviewed and the limitations of linear programming are made apparent through the use of numerical examples. Quadratic objective functions which minimize internal force, power consumption and solution discontinuities are examined. Finally, other applications of redundant actuation are briefly touched upon--the full dynamic balancing of linkages and the reduction of impact shocks in robotic systems.
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Mohammadshahi, Donya. "Dynamics and control of cables in cable-actuated systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119654.

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This thesis deals with the dynamic modeling and control of a cable-actuated system consisting of a payload attached to several actuated cables. The objective of this thesis is to design a stabilizing controller that positions the payload and suppresses the cables vibrations. The dynamics of the system is modeled using the lumped-mass method. First, PID and LQG control algorithms are used to design a controller. Later, motivated by the robust nature of the passivity-based control, its application to cable-actuated systems is investigated. Cable-actuated systems are usually non-square with non-collocated actuators and sensors, which generally limits the use of passivity-based control. In order to overcome these limitations, first a dynamic embedding is considered where an observer is used to construct a new output that realizes a passive input-output map. Next, an alternative input-output map is considered where the output is a scaled version of the true payload velocity and the input is a modified winch torque.
Cette thèse présente une étude de la modélisation dynamique et commande d'un système actionné par câbles, celui-ci composé d'un effecteur attaché à une série de câbles actionnés. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer un contrôleur qui positionne l'effecteur et diminue les vibrations des câbles. La dynamique du système est modélisée en utilisant la méthode de masses localisées. D'abord, deux algorithmes de commande, PID et LQG sont utilisés pour développer la command. Puis, nous étudions l'application de la commande passive sur le système actionné pas câbles. Les systèmes actionnés par câbles sont généralement non carré avec des actionneurs et des senseurs non colocalisés, ce qui limite généralement l'utilisation de la commande passive. Pour trouver une solution pour ces contraintes, premièrement, nous considérons une intégration dynamique, où un observateur est utilisé pour construire une nouvelle sortie qui donne un système passif. Deuxièmement, nous considérons une entrée-sortie alternative, où la sortie est une version réduit de la vitesse réelle de l'effectuer et l'entrée est une modification du couple de treuil.
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Wongviriyawong, Chanikarn Mint. "Stable hopping of a muscle-actuated leg system using positive force feedback." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39725.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-92).
In control of movement, two key components, which are pure mechanical response of the system and response due to sensory feedback, must be thoroughly understood. Recent studies suggest not only the existence of positive force feedback in vivo, but also the emergent property of positive force feedback in having a stabilizing effect on a dynamical system in the presence of disturbances. In this thesis, simulated environment of simple one-dimensional point mass hopping model with positive force feedback as well as experimental results of the same dynamical system are compared and studied in detail. Three important hypotheses are investigated. The first hypothesis involves positive force feedback and its stabilization property despite disturbances in the system. A system with positive force feedback control attains cyclic motion while system energy is being added or removed without changing its steady state system energy. Secondly, overall mechanical behavior of the leg becomes elastic in the existence of positive force feedback. In locomotion, elastic leg behavior is desired for a pertinent adaptation to physical properties of the environment and utilization of the locomotory performances.
(cont.) The last hypothesis investigated is the effect of feedback control parameters on closed loop system behavior, i.e. frequency of hopping, steady state hopping height, etc. Simulation and pilot experimental data are compared both qualitatively and quantitatively concerning all three hypotheses.
by Chanikarn Wongviriyawong.
S.M.
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Abhijit, Upadhye. "Electrostatically actuated and bi-stable MEMS structures." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6041.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 16, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Lichter, Matthew D. (Matthew Daniel) 1977. "Concept development for lightweight binary-actuated robotic devices, with application to space systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8546.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
"June 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-71).
Exploratory space missions of the future will require robotic systems to lead the way by negotiating and mapping very rough terrain, collecting samples, performing science tasks, and constructing facilities. These robots will need to be adaptable and reconfigurable in order to achieve a wide variety of objectives. Conventional designs using gears, motors, bearings, encoders, and many discrete components will be too complex, heavy, and failure-prone to allow highly-reconfigurable systems to be feasible. This thesis develops new concepts that may potentially enable the design of self-transforming space explorers. The vision of this research is to integrate compliant bistable mechanisms with large numbers of binary-actuated embedded smart materials. Compliant mechanisms are lightweight and robust. Binary actuation is the idea of using an actuator in a discrete on/off manner rather than in a continuous manner. A binary actuator is easy to control and robust, and by using tens or hundreds of binary actuators, one can approximate a continuous system, much like a digital computer can approximate an analog system. The first part of this thesis examines the fundamental planning issues involved with systems having large numbers of binary actuators. The notion of a workspace is described and applied to the optimization of a manipulator design. Methods for solving the forward and inverse kinematics are discussed in the context of this application. These methods are extended to the trajectory and locomotion planning problems. Methods for planning systems of substantial complexity are developed in the context of exploratory space robotics. The second part of this thesis presents experimental demonstrations that examine elements of the concept. The results of several design prototypes are discussed.
by Matthew D. Lichter.
S.M.
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Selden, Brian A. 1980. "Segmented binary control of shape memory actuator systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30307.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 51).
A new approach to the design and control of shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators is presented. SMA wires are divided into many segments and their thermal states are controlled individually as a group of finite state machines. Instead of driving a current to the entire SMA wire and controlling the wire length based on the analogue strain-temperature characteristics, the new method controls the binary state (hot or cold) of individual segments and thereby the total displacement is proportional to the length of the heated segments, i.e. austenite phase. Although the thermo-mechanical properties of SMA are highly nonlinear and uncertain with a prominent hysteresis, Segmented Binary Control is robust and stable, providing characteristics similar to a stepping motor. However, the heating and cooling of each segment to its bi-stable states entail longer time and larger energy for transition. An efficient method for improving speed of response and power consumption is developed by exploiting the inherent hysteresis of SMA. Instead of keeping the extreme temperatures continuously, the temperatures return to intermediate "hold" temperatures closer to room temperature but sufficient to keep constant phase. Coordination of the multitude of segments having independent thermal states allows for faster response with little latency time even for thick SMA wires. Based on stress dependent thermo-mechanical characteristics, the hold temperature satisfying a given Stress Margin is obtained. The new control method is implemented using the Peltier effect thermoelectric devices for selective segment-by-segment heating and cooling. Experiments demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed method.
by Brian A. Selden.
S.M.
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Rupinsky, Michael J. "Smart material electrohydrostatic actuator for intelligent transportation systems." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391701972.

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Wester, Brock Andrew. "Development and characterization of mechanically actuated microtweezers for use in a single-cell neural injury model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39645.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 1.4 million people a year in the United States alone and despite the fact that 96% of people survive a TBI, the health and socioeconomic consequences can be grave, partially due to the fact that very few clinical treatments are available to reduce the damage and subsequent dysfunction following TBI. To better understand the various mechanical, electrical, and chemical events during neural injury, and to elucidate specific cellular events and mechanisms that result in cell dysfunction and death, new high-throughput models are needed to recreate the environmental conditions during injury. This thesis project focuses on the creation of a novel and clinically relevant single-cell injury model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The implementation of the model requires the development of a novel injury device that allows specialized micro-interfacing functionality with neural micro environments, which includes the induction of prescribed strains and strain rates onto neural tissue, such as groups of cells, individual cells, and cell processes. The device consists of a high-resolution micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) microtweezer microactuator tool that is introducible into both biological and aqueous environments and can be proximally positioned to specific targets in neural tissue and neural culture systems. This microtweezer, which is constructed using traditional photolithography and micromachining processes, is controllable by a custom developed software-automated controller that incorporates a high precision linear actuator and utilizes a luer-based microtool docking interface. The injury studies will include examination of intracellular calcium concentration over the injury time course to evaluate neuronal plasma membrane permeability, which is a significant contributor to secondary injury cascades following initial mechanical insult. Mechanical strain and strain rate input tolerance criteria will also be used to determined thresholds for cellular dysfunction and death.
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Books on the topic "Mechanically Actuated System"

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40 HP electro-mechanical actuator. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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40 HP electro-mechanical actuator. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. 40 HP electro-mechanical actuator. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. 40 HP electro-mechanical actuator. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Staff, SAE International (Society), and Kenneth W. Hummel. Fundamentals of Engineering High-Performance Actuator Systems. SAE International, 2017.

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Adaptive Control of Systems with Actuator Failures. Springer, 2004.

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Chen, Shuhao, Xidong Tang, Suresh M. Joshi, and Gang Tao. Adaptive Control of Systems with Actuator Failures. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Chen, Shuhao, Xidong Tang, Suresh M. Joshi, and Gang Tao. Adaptive Control of Systems with Actuator Failures. Springer London, Limited, 2010.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Electro-mechanical actuator: DC resonant link controller. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Electro-mechanical actuator: DC resonant link controller. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanically Actuated System"

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Torres, Pedro J. "An Electrostatically Actuated Micro-electro-mechanical System." In Atlantis Briefs in Differential Equations, 15–20. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-106-2_2.

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Asarin, Eugene, Sorav Bansal, Bernard Espiau, Dang Thao, and Oded Maler. "On Hybrid Control of Under-Actuated Mechanical Systems." In Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, 77–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45351-2_10.

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Wang, Yaojun, Bruno Belzile, Jorge Angeles, and Qinchuan Li. "On the Modeling of Redundantly-Actuated Mechanical Systems." In Multibody Dynamics 2019, 172–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23132-3_21.

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Rengasamy, S., D. Manamalli, and K. C. Rajendra Prasad. "Fault Detection in Electro-Mechanical Actuator System." In Advances in Automation, Signal Processing, Instrumentation, and Control, 1575–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8221-9_147.

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Kern, Thorsten A., Henry Haus, Marc Matysek, and Stephanie Sindlinger. "Actuator Design." In Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems, 309–429. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04536-3_9.

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AbstractActuators are the most important elements of any haptic device. Their selection or design significantly influences the quality of the haptic impression. This chapter deals with commonly used actuators, organized according to their physical principle of operation. It focuses on the electrodynamic, electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric actuator principles. Each actuator type is discussed in terms of its main physical principles, with examples of sizing and one or more applications. Other, less frequently used actuator principles are mentioned in several examples. The preceding chapters focused on the basics of control engineering and kinematic design. They covered topics of structuring and fundamental character. This and the following chapters deal with the design of technical components as parts of haptic devices. Experience teaches us that actuators for haptic applications can rarely be found “off-the-shelf”. Their requirements always include some outstanding features in rotational frequency, power-density, working point, or geometry. These specialities make it necessary and helpful for users to be aware of the capabilities and possibilities for modifying existing actuators. Hence this chapter addresses both groups of readers: the users who want to choose a certain actuator and the mechanical engineer who intends to design a specific actuator for a certain device from scratch.
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Ben Sassi, Sarah, and Fehmi Najar. "Novel Reduced Order Model for Electrically Actuated Microbeam-Based MEMS." In Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems - II, 513–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17527-0_51.

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Enikov, Eniko T., Kalin V. Lazarov, and Gilbert R. Gonzales. "Microelectrical Mechanical Systems Actuator Array for Tactile Communication." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 551–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45491-8_105.

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Ali, Md Hazrat, Akio Katsuki, Takao Sajima, Hiroshi Murakami, and Syuhei Kurokawa. "Development of Mechanical Actuator for Deep-Hole Measurement System." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 280–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35197-6_31.

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Chiba, M., J. Tani, G. Liu, F. Takahashi, S. Kodama, and H. Doki. "Active Vibration Control of a Cantilever Beam by a Piezoelectric Ceramic Actuator." In Dynamics of Controlled Mechanical Systems, 107–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83581-0_9.

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Roshini, M., Vishal Rao, and M. Mahendra Nayak. "The Configurable Attitude Sensor and Actuator Simulation in the RSAT Test System." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 57–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1724-2_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanically Actuated System"

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Kothari, Naman S., Mayank R. Porwal, and Mayur O. Kacholiya. "Design and Development of Mechanically Actuated Wheelchair Convertible to Bed." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-93368.

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Wheelchair design for patient safety and comfort has been one of the most concerned topics for practitioners of mechanical engineering and bio-engineers. In the present scenario of medical institutions, transferring of immobilized patients from bed to wheelchair and vice-versa for numerous chronic and emergency activities is a very labor intensive and tedious job. Various attempts have been made in addressing this problem. These were modeled using simple mechanical devices providing the conversion. But still the issue of easy and controlled transition of adjusting the position of wheelchair’s head and base part according to patient’s needs and its full conversion has not been modeled and devised completely. So arises the need for a suitable, efficient and complete designing and development of such a device. This paper focuses on the design and manufacturing of a safe, reliable and low cost wheelchair which is convertible to a bed and vice-versa using a novel mechanical actuation by the effort of a single person. It models out a process of development and evolution of a reliable and verified design. Key areas focused upon are compact and efficient transmission system, discrete angular control of head and leg space with efficient load distribution while optimizing the size, cost (initial, service and disposal) and weight of the device. Further, the model is analyzed and justified by applying Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods.
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Chang, Carl W., Paul Lum, and Richard S. Muller. "Magnetically Actuated Microplatform Scanners for Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1162.

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Abstract We have fabricated a magnetically actuated microplatform scanner for use in a catheter-based intravascular ultrasound imaging (IVU) system. The torsional microplatform is fabricated from low stress silicon nitride with electroplated-Ni stripes for the magnetic material. Experiments with the microplatform have shown it capable of positioning an attached ultrasonic source (350 by 350 by 400 μm3 with a mass of 150 μg) through a total scan angle of 90°. The devices were evaluated in both air and immersed in deionized water. An IVU system based on this microplatform promises lower cost and greater flexibility than are provided by present state-of-the-art mechanically driven IVU systems.
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Schlögl, T., and S. Leyendecker. "Dynamic Simulation of Dielectric Elastomer Actuated Multibody Systems." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9110.

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A three-dimensional electro-mechanically coupled finite element model for dielectric elastomers is used to actuate multibody systems. This setting allows exploring the complex behavior of humanoid robots that are driven by artificial muscles instead of electrical drives. The coupling between the finite element muscle model and the rigid bodies is formulated at configuration level, where Lagrange multipliers account for constraint forces, leading to differential algebraic equations of index-3. A well-chosen set of redundant configuration variables for the multibody system avoids any rotational degrees of freedom and leads to linear coupling constraints. As a result, the coupling between the artificial muscles and the multibody system can be formulated in a very modular way that allows for easy future extension. The applied structure preserving time integration scheme provides excellent long time energy behavior. In addition, the index-3 system is solved directly with numerical accuracy, avoiding index reduction approximations.
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Tiller, Michael, Cleon Davis, Hubertus Tummescheit, and Nizar Trigui. "Powertrain Modeling With Modelica." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2352.

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Abstract In this paper we will describe the development of models for prediction of powertrain performance. Our goal is to develop a library of components to model combustion, gas dynamics and mechanical response. We will also demonstrate the ease with which we can replace traditional component models (e.g., mechanically actuated valves) with non-traditional component models (e.g., electro-mechanically actuated valves) without having to change or reformulate any of the other components in our system. The models were developed using the Modelica modeling language (Modelica Design Group, 1999) which allows component-based descriptions of behavior for complex engineering systems. Modelica is particularly well suited for creating behavioral models that are typical for powertrain plant models In addition to writing component models, the freely available Modelica Standard Library contains basic models from various engineering disciplines (e.g., resistors, shafts, springs). With this approach, models can be symbolically preprocessed to improve computational performance. In addition, code can be generated from the Modelica model which can be used as either a stand alone analysis tool, imported into Simulink as an S-function or downloaded for use in real-time hardware in the loop experiments.
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Ilyas, Saad, Nizar Jaber, and Mohammad I. Younis. "Static and Dynamic Amplification Using Strong Mechanical Coupling." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66104.

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Amplifying the signal-to-noise ratio of resonant sensors is vital toward the effort to miniaturize devices into the sub-micro and nano regimes. In this work, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally amplification through mechanically coupled microbeams. The device is composed of two identical clamped-clamped beams, made of polyimide, connected at their middle through a third beam, which acts as a mechanical coupler. Each of the clamped-clamped microbeams and the coupler are designed to be actuated separately, hence providing different possibilities of actuation and sensing. The coupled system is driven into resonance near its first resonance mode and its dynamics is explored via frequency sweeps. The results show significant amplification in the resonator’s amplitude when the signal is measured at the midpoint of the coupler, compared to the response of the individual uncoupled beams. The static pull-in characteristics of the system are also studied. It is shown that the compliant mechanical coupler can serve as a low-power RF switch actuated at low voltage loads.
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Carpenter, Andrew L., Robert E. Mayo, Jerald G. Wagner, and Paul E. Yelvington. "High-Pressure Electronic Fuel Injection for Small-Displacement Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1029.

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Small-displacement, single-cylinder, diesel engines employ mechanically actuated fuel injection systems. These mechanically governed systems, while robust and low-cost, lack the ability to fully vary injection parameters, such as timing, pulse duration, and injection pressure. The ability of a particular injection system to vary these injection parameters impacts engine efficiency, power, noise, and emissions. Modern, multi-cylinder automotive engines employ some form of electronically controlled injection to take advantage of the benefits of fully variable injection, including advanced strategies such as multi-pulse injections and rate shaping. Modern diesel electronic fuel injection systems also operate at considerably higher injection pressures than mechanical fuel systems used in small-bore industrial engines. As the cost of electronic fuel systems continues to decrease and the demand for high-efficiency engines increases, electronic fuel injection becomes a more viable option for incorporation into small industrial diesel engines. In particular, this technology may be well-suited for demanding and critical applications such as military power generation. In this study, a small-bore, single-cylinder diesel was retrofit with a custom, four-hole, high-pressure electronic fuel system. Compared to the mechanical injector, the electronic, common-rail injector had a 50% smaller orifice diameter and was designed for a 4x higher injection pressure. The mechanical governor was also replaced with an electronic speed controller. The baseline and modified engines were installed on a dynamometer, and measurements of exhaust emissions, fuel consumption, brake torque, and in-cylinder pressure were made. The electronic injector led to lower smoke opacity and NOx emissions, while CO and hydrocarbon emissions were observed to increase slightly, likely due to some wall wetting of fuel with the initial prototype injector. Testing with low ignition quality fuels was also performed, and the electronic fuel system enabled the engine to operate with fuel having a cetane number as low as 30.
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Montzka, Alissa, Nathan Epstein, Michael Rannow, Thomas R. Chase, and Perry Y. Li. "Experimental Testing of a Variable Displacement Pump/Motor That Uses a Hydro-Mechanically Timed Digital Valving Mechanism to Achieve Partial-Stroke Piston Pressurization (PSPP)." In ASME/BATH 2019 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2019-1693.

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Abstract This work describes an efficient means to adjust the power level of an axial piston hydraulic pump/motor. Conventionally, the displacement of a piston pump is varied by changing the stroke length of each piston. Since the losses do not decrease proportionally to the displacement, the efficiency is low at low displacements. Here, with partial-stroke piston pressurization (PSPP), displacement is varied by changing the portion of the piston stroke over which the piston is subjected to high pressure. Since leakage and friction losses drop as the displacement is decreased, higher efficiency is achieved at low displacements with PSPP. While other systems have implemented PSPP with electric or cam-actuated valves, the pump described in this paper is unique in implementing PSPP by way of a simple, robust hydro-mechanical valve system. Experimental testing of a prototype PSPP pump/motor shows that the full load efficiency is maintained even at low displacements.
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Murphy, Patrick, Qing Chao Kong, and Constantinos Mavroidis. "Mechanical Design and Control of a 2 Degree of Freedom Robotic Hand Rehabilitation Device." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35406.

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Robotic neurorehabilitation is a rapidly growing field in both research and industry. Robotics offer the ability to create less labor-intensive rehabilitation for therapists, while providing an interactive experience for patients. Furthermore, the ability to implement assistive robotic therapy in the home setting has the potential to increase the frequency of patient rehabilitation sessions while decreasing the overall cost of therapy. Therefore, the design, control, and initial testing of an actuated 2 degree of freedom hand rehabilitation device is presented. A 2 degree of freedom hand rehabilitation device, named the Navigator, is mechanically capable of assistive or resistive mode exercise for flexion and extension of the fingers, as well as pronation and supination of the wrist. A series elastic actuator incorporating a rack and pinion provides actuation to flexion and extension of the fingers. A belt drive is used to provide actuation to pronation and supination of the wrist. Position and load sensors are integrated into both actuators to provide feedback for the control system. The implementation of an impedance control system utilizing position, force, and torque feedback is also presented. Automated control results as well as preliminary pilot data of resistive mode exercises are presented. The impedance controller interacts with a virtual environment. Preliminary results of the controller confirm the efficacy of the device’s mechanical design.
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Jouppila, Ville, and Asko Ellman. "Position Control of PWM-Actuated Pneumatic Muscle Actuator System." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63370.

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Pneumatic servo positioning systems have been in use for long time and subject to wide spectrum of studies due to their numerous advantages: inexpensive, clean, safe and high ratio of power to weight. However, the compressibility of air and the inherent non-linearity of these systems continue to make achieving accurate position control a real challenge. Conventional pneumatic servo systems are based on cylinder actuators that are difficult to control precisely due to the aforementioned nonlinearities as well as the nonlinear behavior of the air flow through the valve, the friction between the cylinder and the piston, and the stick slip effect at the low velocity of the system. In this paper, a position servo control system using a pneumatic muscle actuator is studied. Pneumatic muscle actuator is a novel type of actuator which has even higher force to weight ratio than the cylinder. In addition, muscle actuator introduces a stick slip free operation giving an interesting option for positioning systems. However, significant hysteresis and position dependant force result in a highly nonlinear system, a real challenge for good control performance. In this paper, pneumatic muscle actuator is controlled by a low-cost on/off valve with PWM-strategy instead of costly servo or proportional valve. The main processes of the system, including flow dynamics, pressure dynamics, force dynamics and load dynamics are derived to provide a full nonlinear model that captures all the major nonlinearities of the system. This model is used for analyzing and tuning the controller performances by simulations before implementing in the real system. In addition, a recently introduced method of using bipolynomial functions to model the valve flow rate is utilized to provide a continuous and invertible description of flow for controller designs. A proportional plus velocity plus acceleration controller with feed-forward component (PVA+FF) is designed based on the linearized system model. For a comparison, a sliding mode controller (SMC) based on linear as well as non-linear system model are designed. The performance of the designed controllers is studied by simulations. The stability and performance analysis includes the effects of friction modeling error and valve modeling error. The robustness of the controllers is tested by varying the payload mass of the system.
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Vedrines, Marc, and Dominique Knittel. "Design Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms of Web Handling Systems: The Case of the Pendulum Dancer Mechanism." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42068.

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Web systems handling elastic webs are very common in industry. The plant considered in this paper is an industrial winding system with pendulum dancer mechanism. Such a studied dancer moves along an arc of circle. Its utility is double: it imposes the web tension (in steady state operation) and filters the variations of tension mechanically. It is actuated by an air jack with adjustable pressure and has a stiffness and viscous dynamic behavior. Pendulum dancers have been rarely presented and studied in publications. The non-linear model built in Matlab software environment is used as a simulator. Moreover, the state space model useful for modern controller computing can be found thanks to linearization around an operating point. In order to improve the unwinder-winder control performances, the mechanical parameters of the pendulum dancer have to be optimized. The more constant the dynamic behavior over a large frequency band will be, the better the performance of a linear time invariant controller will be obtained. This is the main objective in desensitizing the dancer. The optimization is achieved by using genetic algorithms. The obtained results are discussed and the benefits of this design optimization for industry applications are presented.
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