Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mechanical Waveguides

Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanical Waveguides'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanical Waveguides"

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Marinescu, N., and M. Apostol. "Quantum-Mechanical Concepts in the Waveguides Theory." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-0902.

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Abstract A Klein-Gordon-type equation is derived for the wave propagation in an ideal, uniform waveguide, and its quantum-mechanical interpretation is given. The "cross-section" concept is introduced for a waveguide and the power transmission factor is obtained by using standard methods of quantum mechanics. The spinorial formalism is also employed for deriving the equivalent Dirac-type equation, and the perturbation theory is applied for computing the frequency shifts. The general applicability of the quantum-mechanical concepts to the waveguides theory is discussed
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Renno, Jamil, Niels Søndergaard, Sadok Sassi, and Mohammad R. Paurobally. "Wave Scattering and Power Flow in Straight-Helical-Straight Waveguide Structure." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 08 (September 2019): 1950075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825119500753.

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The knowledge of wave scattering and power flow in waveguide structures is important for many engineering applications. In this paper, power flow and scattering in a straight-helical-straight waveguide structure are investigated using the wave and finite element (WFE) method. For simple (straight or helical) waveguides, wave scattering (and subsequently the power flow and scattering) can be resolved analytically. This is not the case for complex waveguides such as laminated or sandwiched waveguides or waveguides with noncanonical cross-sections. In such cases, the WFE method is used to model the wave behavior in each waveguide in the structure. The power flow is then studied by considering how waves reflect and transmit at the boundaries that join the straight waveguides with the helical waveguide. We present three numerical examples but analytical solutions can be obtained for the first example only; for the second and third examples, the WFE is used in earnest since the wave behavior and subsequently the power flow would at best be extremely difficult to formulate analytically.
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Chandra, Veer, and Rakesh Ranjan. "Design and Analysis of Micro-Opto-Mechanical System Cantilever Integrated with Photonics Waveguide for Pressure Sensing Applications." Sensor Letters 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4178.

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In this work, the pressure sensing approach based on the Micro-Opto-Mechanical System (MOMS) cantilever integrated with waveguide structure has been explored. The MOMS based photonic sensors are drawing attention because of their high sensing capabilities. In the design of MOMS based cantilever pressure sensor, mainly two different waveguide structures, Rib and Slot waveguides have been considered. The deviation in light intensity at the output of the waveguide structure is mainly used to analyze the amount of exerted pressure at the free-end of cantilever. Using the different waveguide parameters such as, effective mode area, light intensity variations, etc., the performance comparison between Rib and Slot waveguides have been done. The relationship between the normalized light intensity at the waveguide output corresponding to the applied pressure has been established from the relationship between the deflection versus pressure and normalized intensity versus deflection. It has been anticipated that the performance of pressure sensor using Slot waveguide is significantly better than the Rib waveguide for some application.
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Su, Xiao-Xing, Zi-Long Dou, and Heow Pueh Lee. "Stimulated Brillouin scattering in a sub-wavelength anisotropic waveguide with slightly-misaligned material and structural axes: misalignment-sensitive behaviors and underlying physics." Journal of Optics 24, no. 4 (March 7, 2022): 045002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac432b.

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Abstract The stimulated Brillouin scatterings (SBSs) in sub-wavelength rutile waveguides with slightly misaligned material and structural axes are numerically studied. The misalignment is introduced between the extraordinary material axis and longitudinal axis of the waveguide only. Four nanowire waveguides with different cross-sectional geometries are considered. They consist of a circular waveguide, two elliptical waveguides with different cross-sectional orientation angles, and a trapezoidal waveguide with a completely unsymmetrical cross-sectional shape. As previously reported, the resonant peaks emerge rapidly in response to the introduced small misalignment angle and can also be observed in the calculated Brillouin gain spectra of the considered waveguides. But these misalignment-sensitive resonant peaks further exhibit some extraordinary behaviors, which may not be intuitively understandable. For instance, despite a plausible absence of symmetry breaking, many misalignment-sensitive resonant peaks can still be observed in the forward SBS gain spectrum of the trapezoidal waveguide. Based on the symmetry properties of the considered waveguides, the physics underlying the observed extraordinary phenomena are revealed. The obtained results highlight the effectiveness of introducing symmetry breakings for activating/harnessing opto-mechanical couplings in photonic-phononic micro structures, which would enable us to gain some deeper insights into the sub-wavelength opto-mechanics in anisotropic media.
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Čehovski, Marko, Jing Becker, Ouacef Charfi, Hans-Hermann Johannes, Claas Müller, and Wolfgang Kowalsky. "Single-Mode Polymer Ridge Waveguide Integration of Organic Thin-Film Laser." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 18, 2020): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082805.

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Organic thin-film lasers (OLAS) are promising optical sources when it comes to flexibility and small-scale manufacturing. These properties are required especially for integrating organic thin-film lasers into single-mode waveguides. Optical sensors based on single-mode ridge waveguide systems, especially for Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) applications, usually need external laser sources, free-space optics, and coupling structures, which suffer from coupling losses and mechanical stabilization problems. In this paper, we report on the first successful integration of organic thin-film lasers directly into polymeric single-mode ridge waveguides forming a monolithic laser device for LoC applications. The integrated waveguide laser is achieved by three production steps: nanoimprint of Bragg gratings onto the waveguide cladding material EpoClad, UV-Lithography of the waveguide core material EpoCore, and thermal evaporation of the OLAS material Alq3:DCM2 on top of the single-mode waveguides and the Bragg grating area. Here, the laser light is analyzed out of the waveguide facet with optical spectroscopy presenting single-mode characteristics even with high pump energy densities. This kind of integrated waveguide laser is very suitable for photonic LoC applications based on intensity and interferometric sensors where single-mode operation is required.
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Zeng, Desheng, Qiang Liu, Chenyang Mei, Hongwei Li, Qingzhong Huang, and Xinliang Zhang. "Demonstration of Ultra-High-Q Silicon Microring Resonators for Nonlinear Integrated Photonics." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): 1155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071155.

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A reflowing photoresist and oxidation smoothing process is used to fabricate ultra-high-Q silicon microring resonators based on multimode rib waveguides. Over a wide range of wavelengths near 1550 nm, the average Q-factor of a ring with 1.2-μm-wide waveguides reaches up to 1.17 × 106, with a waveguide loss of approximately 0.28 dB/cm. For a resonator with 1.5-μm-wide waveguides, the average Q-factor reaches 1.20 × 106, and the waveguide loss is 0.27 dB/cm. Moreover, we theoretically and experimentally show that a reduction in the waveguide loss significantly improves the conversion efficiency of four-wave mixing. A high four-wave mixing conversion efficiency of −17.0 dB is achieved at a pump power of 6.50 dBm.
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Barbin, Evgenii, Tamara Nesterenko, Aleksei Koleda, Evgeniy Shesterikov, Ivan Kulinich, and Andrey Kokolov. "An Optical Measuring Transducer for a Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Micro-g Accelerometer Based on the Optical Tunneling Effect." Micromachines 14, no. 4 (March 31, 2023): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040802.

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Micro-opto-electro-mechanical (MOEM) accelerometers that can measure small accelerations are attracting growing attention thanks to their considerable advantages—such as high sensitivity and immunity to electromagnetic noise—over their rivals. In this treatise, we analyze 12 schemes of MOEM-accelerometers, which include a spring mass and a tunneling-effect-based optical sensing system containing an optical directional coupler consisting of a fixed and a movable waveguide separated by an air gap. The movable waveguide can perform linear and angular movement. In addition, the waveguides can lie in single or different planes. Under acceleration, the schemes feature the following changes to the optical system: gap, coupling length, overlapping area between the movable and fixed waveguides. The schemes with altering coupling lengths feature the lowest sensitivity, yet possess a virtually unlimited dynamic range, which makes them comparable to capacitive transducers. The sensitivity of the scheme depends on the coupling length and amounts to 11.25 × 103 m−1 for a coupling length of 44 μm and 30 × 103 m−1 for a coupling length of 15 μm. The schemes with changing overlapping areas possess moderate sensitivity (1.25 × 106 m−1). The highest sensitivity (above 6.25 × 106 m−1) belongs to the schemes with an altering gap between the waveguides.
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Khonina, Svetlana N., Grigory S. Voronkov, Elizaveta P. Grakhova, Nikolay L. Kazanskiy, Ruslan V. Kutluyarov, and Muhammad A. Butt. "Polymer Waveguide-Based Optical Sensors—Interest in Bio, Gas, Temperature, and Mechanical Sensing Applications." Coatings 13, no. 3 (March 3, 2023): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030549.

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In the realization of photonic integrated devices, materials such as polymers are crucial. Polymers have shown compatibility with several patterning techniques, are generally affordable, and may be functionalized to obtain desired optical, electrical, or mechanical characteristics. Polymer waveguides are a viable platform for optical connectivity since they are easily adaptable to on-chip and on-board integration and promise low propagation losses <1 dB/cm. Furthermore, polymer waveguides can be made to be extremely flexible, able to withstand bending, twisting, and even stretching. Optical sensing is an interesting field of research that is gaining popularity in polymer photonics. Due to its huge potential for use in several industries, polymer waveguide-based sensors have attracted a lot of attention. Due to their resilience to electromagnetic fields, optical sensors operate better in difficult situations, such as those found in electrical power generating and conversion facilities. In this review, the most widely used polymer materials are discussed for integrated photonics. Moreover, four significant sensing applications of polymer-waveguide based sensors which include biosensing, gas sensing, temperature sensing and mechanical sensing have been debated.
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Lv, Jing, Razvan Stoian, Guanghua Cheng, and Kedian Wang. "Index Modulation Embedded in Type I Waveguide Written by Femtosecond Laser in Fused Silica." Micromachines 12, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121579.

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Slit-shaped laser beams focused in bulk optical materials can realize embedded waveguides with circular cross sections consisting of positive index change type I traces. In these kinds of waveguide traces, a peculiar periodical refractive index modulation was observed in type I waveguides with two different femtosecond lasers. The direction of refractive index modulation can be controlled with the slit configuration, and its period can be controlled by mechanical perturbation of the stages and the scanning speed. We argue that platform perturbation and dynamical thermal transport processes during the scan are generating factors in the appearance of this modulation. The embedded microstructures in waveguides can provide spectrum modulation, which may have potential applications in optical sensing, filtering, and phase control.
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Marinescu, Nicolae, and Rudolf Nistor. "Quantum Features of Microwave Propagation in a Rectangular Waveguide." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-0803.

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AbstractThe formal analogy between the distribution of the electromagnetic field in waveguides and microwave cavities and quantum mechanical probability distributions is put into evidence. A waveguide of a cut-off frequency ωc acts on an electromagnetic wave as a quantum potential barrier Ug = hωc. A non-habitual time independent Schrödinger equation, describing guided wave propagation, is established
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanical Waveguides"

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Cockrell, Kevin L. "Understanding and utilizing waveguide invariant range-frequency striations in ocean acoustic waveguides." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65275.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), February 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-170).
Much of the recent research in ocean acoustics has focused on developing methods to exploit the effects that the sea surface and seafloor have on acoustic propagation. Many of those methods require detailed knowledge of the acoustic properties of the seafloor and the sound speed profile (SSP), which limits their applicability. The range-frequency waveguide invariant describes striations that often appear in plots of acoustic intensity versus range and frequency. These range-frequency striations have properties that depend strongly on the frequency of the acoustic source and on distance between the acoustic source and receiver, but that depend mildly on the SSP and seafloor properties. Because of this dependence, the waveguide invariant can be utilized for applications such as passive and active sonar, time-reversal mirrors, and array processing, even when the SSP or the seafloor properties are not well known. This thesis develops a framework for understanding and calculating the waveguide invariant, and uses that framework to develop signal processing techniques for the waveguide invariant. A method for passively estimating the range from an acoustic source to a receiver is developed, and tested on experimental data. Heuristics are developed to estimate the minimum source bandwidth and minimum horizontal aperture required for range estimation. A semi-analytic formula for the waveguide invariant is derived using WKB approximation along with a normal mode description of the acoustic field in a rangeindependent waveguide. This formula is applicable to waveguides with arbitrary SSPs, and reveals precisely how the SSP and the seafloor reflection coefficient affect the value of the waveguide invariant. Previous research has shown that the waveguide invariant range-frequency striations can be observed using a single hydrophone or a horizontal line array (HLA) of hydrophones. This thesis shows that traditional array processing techniques are sometimes inadequate for the purpose of observing range-frequency striations using a HLA. Array processing techniques designed specifically for observing range-frequency striations are developed and demonstrated. Finally, a relationship between the waveguide invariant and wavenumber integrations is derived, which may be useful for studying range-frequency striations in elastic environments such as ice-covered waveguides.
by Kevin L. Cockrell.
Ph.D.
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Chen, Tianrun. "Mean, variance, and temporal coherence of the 3D acoustic field forward propagated through random inhomogeneities in continental-shelf and deep ocean waveguides." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46621.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-175).
When an acoustic field propagates through a multimodal waveguide, the effect of variations in medium properties induced by 3D random inhomogeneities accumulates by multiple forward scattering over range. This causes significant random fluctuations in the received field and greatly affects underwater acoustic sensing and communication systems, such as Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing(OAWRS). In order to characterize this effect, analytical expressions are derived for the mean, variance and temporal covariance of the acoustic field forward propagated through an ocean waveguide containing internal waves, fish shoals, wind-generated bubble clouds and krill. These expressions account for the accumulated effects of multiple forward scattering through temporally and spatially varying scatter function densities of the 3D inhomogeneities. In order to quantify the statistics of the scatter function densities, physical models and statistical descriptions of these inhomogeneities are developed.Acoustic field transmission through internal waves in both continental shelf and deep ocean waveguides is investigated. Stratified ocean models are used to describe physical and statistical internal waves properties. Simulations for a typical continental-shelf environment show that when the standard deviation of the internal wave displacement exceeds the acoustic wavelength, the acoustic forward field becomes so randomized that the expected total intensity is dominated by the variance field and lacks a the coherent interference structure beyond moderate ranges. This leads to an effectively saturated field that decays monotonically. It is found that 3D scattering effects become pronounced when the acoustic Fresnel width exceeds the cross-range coherence length of the internal waves. This leads to frequency and range-dependent power losses in the forward field that explains some of the attenuation observed in acoustic transmission through typical continental shelf and deep ocean waveguides.
(cont.) A general analytical expression is derived for the temporal coherence of an acoustic signal propagating through an ocean waveguide with random 3D inhomogeneities.Advance knowledge of this coherence time scale is often essential in the design of ocean acoustic experiments and subsequent data analysis. This is because it determines the number of fluctuations in a given measurement period and the time window within which the coherent processing techniques essential to ocean acoustic data reduction and analysis can be applied. The analytic approach is found to explain the time scale of acoustic field fluctuations observed both at mega meters ranges in the deep ocean, as well as at kilometer ranges in continental shelf environments. The acoustic time scale is found to be much shorter than the coherence time scale of ocean internal waves. This is shown to be a consequence of multiple forward scattering of the acoustic waves through the internal waves. Analytical expressions are derived for the attenuation and dispersion of the acoustic field forward propagated through fish shoals and wind-generated bubble clouds in an ocean waveguide. It is found that at swim bladder resonance, fish shoals may sometimes lead to measurable attenuation in the forward field. The attenuation at off-resonant OAWRS frequencies, however, is typically negligible as shown both by the present theory and experimental data. The modeled attenuation due to random wind-generated bubble clouds is found to be highly sensitive to the choice of cutoff radius, which determines whether resonant bubbles are included in the bubble spectra. It is also found that bubble clouds generated under high wind speeds lead to additional dispersion and attention of the transmitted signal. These expected distortions can significantly degrade standard coherent processing techniques in ocean acoustics, such as the match filter, if not taken into account.
(cont.) Antarctic krill play a key role in the marine food chain as the primary source of sustenance for many species of whales, seals, birds, squid and fish. This makes knowledge of the distribution and abundance of krill essential to ecological research in the southern oceans. It is shown that swarms of Antarctic krill with typical packing densities can be instantaneously imaged by OAWRS over thousands of square kilometers in both deep and shallow water environments given properly designed experiments.
by Tianrun Chen.
Ph.D.
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Pearson, Stephen Herbert. "Nonlinear Ball Chain Waveguides For Acoustic Emission And Ultrasound Sensing Of Ablation." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2014. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/256.

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Harsh environment acoustic emission and ultrasonic wave sensing applications often benefit from placing the sensor in a remote and more benign physical location by using waveguides to transmit elastic waves between the structural location under test and the transducer. Waveguides are normally designed to have high fidelity over broad frequency ranges to minimize distortion - often difficult to achieve in practice. This thesis reports on an examination of using nonlinear ball chain waveguides for the transmission of acoustic emission and ultrasonic waves for the monitoring of thermal protection systems undergoing severe heat loading, leading to ablation and similar processes. Experiments test the nonlinear propagation of solitary, harmonic and mixed harmonic elastic waves through a copper tube filled with steel and elastomer balls and various other waveguides. Triangulation of pencil lead breaks occurs on a steel plate. Data are collected concerning the usage of linear waveguides and a water-cooled linear waveguide. Data are collected from a second water-cooled waveguide monitoring Atmospheric Reentry Materials in UVM's Inductively-Coupled Plasma Torch Facility. The motion of the particles in the dimer waveguides is linearly modeled with a three ball and spring chain model and the results are compared per particle. A theoretical nonlinear model is presented which is capable of exactly modeling the motion of the dimer chains. The shape of the waveform propagating through the dimer chain is modeled in a sonic vacuum. Mechanical pulses of varying time widths and amplitudes are launched into one end of the ball chain waveguide and observed at the other end in both time and frequency domains. Similarly, harmonic and mixed harmonic mechanical loads are applied to one end of the waveguide. Balls of different materials are analyzed and discriminated into categories. A copper tube packed with six steel particles, nine steel or marble particles and a longer copper tube packed with 17 steel particles are studied with a frequency sweep. The deformation experienced by a single steel particle in the dimer chain is approximated. Steel ball waveguides and steel rods are fitted with piezoelectric sensors to monitor the force at different points inside the waveguide during testing. The corresponding frequency responses, including intermodulation products, are compared based on amplitude and preloads. A nonlinear mechanical model describes the motion of the dimer chains in a vacuum. Based on the results of these studies it is anticipated that a nonlinear waveguide will be designed, built, and tested as a possible replacement for the high-fidelity waveguides presently being used in an Inductively Coupled Plasma Torch facility for high heat flux thermal protection system testing. The design is intended to accentuate acoustic emission signals of interest, while suppressing other forms of elastic wave noise.
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Liu, Jinghao. "ADVANCED STUDIES ON SERIES IMPEDANCE IN WAVEGUIDES WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SOURCE AND TRANSFER IMPEDANCE." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/821.

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Series impedances, including source and transfer impedances, are commonly used to model a variety of noise sources and noise treatment elements in duct systems. Particle velocity is assumed to be constant on the plane where the series impedances are defined. The research reported herein details investigations into measuring source and transfer impedance. Especially, the measurement and prediction of the transfer impedance of micro-perforated panel (MPP) absorbers is considered. A wave decomposition method for measuring source impedance and source strength was developed that was purely based on acoustic concepts instead of the equivalent circuit analysis. The method developed is a two-load method. However, it is not necessary to know the impedances of either load a priori. The selection of proper loads was investigated via an error analysis, and the results suggested that it was best to choose one resistive and one reactive load. In addition, a novel type of perforated element was investigated. MPP absorbers are metal or plastic panels with sub-millimeter size holes or slits. In the past, Maa's equation has been used to characterize their performance. However, Maa's equation is only valid for circular perforations. In this research, an inverse method using a nonlinear least square data fitting algorithm was developed to estimate effective parameters that could be used in Maa's theory. This inverse approach was also used to aid in understanding the effect of dust and fluid contamination on the performance of MPP absorbers. In addition, an approach to enhance the attenuation of MPP absorbers by partitioning the backing cavity was investigated experimentally and numerically. Results indicated that partitioning improved the attenuating of grazing sound waves. The effect of modifying both the source and transfer impedances on the system response was also studied using the Moebius transformation. It was demonstrated that the Moebius transformation is a mathematical tool that can be employed to aid in determining and understanding the impact of acoustic impedance modifications on a vibro-acoustic system.
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Albertson, Nicholas James. "Mechanical and Electromagnetic Optimization of Structurally Embedded Waveguide Antennas." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81959.

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Use of Slotted Waveguide Antenna Stiffened Structures (SWASS) in future commercial and military aircraft calls for the development of an airworthiness certification procedure. The first step of this procedure is to provide a computationally low-cost method for modeling waveguide antenna arrays on the scale of an aircraft skin panel using a multi-fidelity model. Weather detection radar for the Northrop Grumman X-47 unmanned air system is considered as a case study. COMSOL Multiphysics is used for creating high-fidelity waveguide models that are imported into the MATLAB Phased Array Toolbox for large-scale array calculations using a superposition method. Verification test cases show that this method is viable for relatively accurate modeling of large SWASS arrays with low computational effort. Additionally, realistic material properties for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) are used to create a more accurate model. Optimization is performed on a 12-slot CFRP waveguide to determine the waveguide dimensions for the maximum far-field gain and separately for the maximum critical buckling load. Using the two separate optima as utopia points, a multi-objective optimization for the peak far-field gain and critical buckling load is performed, to obtain a balance between EM performance and structural strength. This optimized waveguide is then used to create a SWASS array of approximately the same size as an aircraft wing panel using the multi-fidelity modeling method that is proposed. This model is compared to a typical conventional weather radar system, and found to be well above the minimum mission requirements.
Master of Science
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Martinez, Jose Antonio. "A Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical System (MOEMS) for Microstructure Manipulation." FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/206.

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Microstructure manipulation is a fundamental process to the study of biology and medicine, as well as to advance micro- and nano-system applications. Manipulation of microstructures has been achieved through various microgripper devices developed recently, which lead to advances in micromachine assembly, and single cell manipulation, among others. Only two kinds of integrated feedback have been demonstrated so far, force sensing and optical binary feedback. As a result, the physical, mechanical, optical, and chemical information about the microstructure under study must be extracted from macroscopic instrumentation, such as confocal fluorescence microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. In this research work, novel Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical-System (MOEMS) microgrippers are presented. These devices utilize flexible optical waveguides as gripping arms, which provide the physical means for grasping a microobject, while simultaneously enabling light to be delivered and collected. This unique capability allows extensive optical characterization of the structure being held such as transmission, reflection, or fluorescence. The microgrippers require external actuation which was accomplished by two methods: initially with a micrometer screw, and later with a piezoelectric actuator. Thanks to a novel actuation mechanism, the “fishbone”, the gripping facets remain parallel within 1 degree. The design, simulation, fabrication, and characterization are systematically presented. The devices mechanical operation was verified by means of 3D finite element analysis simulations. Also, the optical performance and losses were simulated by the 3D-to-2D effective index (finite difference time domain FDTD) method as well as 3D Beam Propagation Method (3D-BPM). The microgrippers were designed to manipulate structures from submicron dimensions up to approximately 100 µm. The devices were implemented in SU-8 due to its suitable optical and mechanical properties. This work demonstrates two practical applications: the manipulation of single SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cells, and the detection and identification of microparts tagged with a fluorescent “barcode” implemented with quantum dots. The novel devices presented open up new possibilities in the field of micromanipulation at the microscale, scalable to the nano-domain.
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Mehrotra, Sandeep. "Analysis of optical waveguide fabrication processes." Ohio : Ohio University, 1986. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183140884.

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Lee, Sunwoong. "Efficient localization in a dispersive waveguide : applications in terrestrial continental shelves and on Europa." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36197.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-225).
Methods are developed for passive source localization and environmental parameter estimation in seismo-acoustic waveguides by exploiting the dispersive behavior of guided wave propagation. The methods developed are applied to the terrestrial continental shelf environment and the Jovian icy satellite Europa. The thesis is composed of two parts. First, a method is derived for instantaneous source-range estimation in a horizontally-stratified ocean waveguide from passive beam-time intensity data obtained after conventional plane-wave beamforming of acoustic array measurements. The method is advantageous over existing source localization methods, since (1) no knowledge of the environment is required except that the received field should not be dominated by purely waterborne propagation, (2) range can be estimated in real time with little computational effort beyond plane-wave beamforming, and (3) array gain is fully exploited. Second, source range estimation and environmental parameter inversion using passive echo-sounding techniques are discussed and applied to Europa. We show that Europa's interior structure may be determined by seismo-acoustic echo sounding techniques by exploiting natural ice fracturing events or impacts as sources of opportunity.
(cont.) A single passive seismic sensor on Europa's surface may then be used to estimate the thickness of its ice shell and the depth of its subsurface ocean. To further understand the seismo-acoustic characteristics of natural sources on Europa, a fracture mechanics model is developed for the initiation and propagation of a crack through a porous ice layer of finite thickness under gravitational overburden. It is found that surface cracks generated in response to a tidally induced stress field may penetrate through the entire outer brittle layer if a subsurface ocean is present on Europa. While Europa's ice is likely highly porous and fractured, our current caculations show that porosity-induced scattering loss of ice-penetrating radar waves should not be significant.
by Sunwoong Lee.
Ph.D.
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Jain, Ankita Deepak. "Instantaneous continental-shelf scale sensing of cod with Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100125.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 259-278).
Reported declines in the population of Atlantic cod have a potential to affect long-term ecological balance and the sustainability of the cod fishery along the US northeast coast. These assessments have led to severe fishing cuts over the past few years, have consequently threatened the centuries-old Atlantic cod fishery along the New England coast and put the livelihood of thousands of fishermen at risk. Amidst this fisheries crisis, calls by elected officials, environmental groups and fishing consortiums were made for an Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) survey of the Gulf of Maine cod stock. Typically, cod stock assessments incorporate data collected from conventional acoustic and trawl line transect surveys that highly undersample the marine environment in space and time and lead to ambiguities in population estimates. The combination of conventional methods and OAWRS techniques, however, has been demonstrated to provide rapid and accurate fish stock assessments over ecosystem-scale areas for other species. In this thesis, the feasibility of accurately surveying cod stocks with OAWRS is theoretically assessed. These theoretical predictions are then experimentally verified by successfully sensing cod with OAWRS over ecosystem scales in the Nordic Seas. Following direct requests by Massachusetts state officials to determine if OAWRS could be used to detect and survey the reported waning cod populations in coastal New England waters, we obtained measurements of typical aggregation densities and occupancy depths of spawning cod in Ipswich Bay from conventional echosounder surveys conducted in Spring 2011. Cod length distributions were also measured from which we estimated the swimbladder resonance frequencies of local cod via a harmonic oscillator model that includes the effects of damping, the cod's swim bladder air volume at a given neutral buoyancy depth as well as changes to this volume for deviations from neutral buoyancy depth. The optimal frequency for OAWRS detection typically corresponds to that where the resonance peak is found. We showed that our theoretical estimates of cod swimbladder resonance matched very well with independent measurements of caged cod resonance from decades old Norwegian data. Using parabolic equation modeling of ocean waveguide propagation, the scattered level of typical spawning cod aggregations was estimated and compared with that from seafloor scattering, which is a typical limiting factor in long range active sensing. Seafloor scattering was estimated via a Rayleigh-Born approach we developed, where the magnitude squared of seafloor scattering amplitude was empirically determined from thousands of measurements made during major OAWRS experiments along the US Northeast coast. It was found that near cod swimbladder resonance (roughly 150-600 Hz), determined from the New England length and depth distribution data, OAWRS was capable of robustly detecting spawning cod aggregations from many tens of kilometers in range with high signal-to- noise ratios (SNRs) greater than 20 dB for typical spawning cod configurations in New England waters. Above the resonance frequency peak, it is possible to detect cod for typical shoaling densities because cod scattering reaches a plateau due to geometric scattering that is above the seafloor scattering trend for typical OAWRS frequencies. Well below the resonance peak, scattering from cod is expected to fall off rapidly and faster than seafloor scattering, and so provides important information about resonance behavior but can be difficult to probe given the very low frequencies involved. This theoretical feasibility study emphasized the need for a low frequency source that spans cod swimbladder resonance and helped demonstrate the potential for use of OAWRS for cod assessments over ecosystem scales. To confirm our theoretical predictions on the OAWRS detection of cod and other keystone fish species, we designed, prepared and conducted a major oceanographic experiment in the Nordic Seas in the Arctic in the winter (February-March) of 2014 using three major research vessels, the US RV Knorr, the Norwegian RV Johan Hjort and the Norwegian FV Artus. The Nordic Seas 2014 experiment was conducted in difficult gale and hurricane force weather conditions along most of Norway's western and northern coast. MIT's OAWRS Source, obtained through a NSF-Sloan MRI grant, spanned the 800-1600 Hz range, and the receiver was ONR's Five Octave Receiver Array (FORA). Unlike the declining trend of cod population in New England waters, cod population in the Nordic Seas has been thriving for many years and is currently at its healthiest recorded state. The experiment period was chosen such that it coincided with the peak spawning period of cod along the coastal Lofoten region in Norway where they congregate in high densities, as well as other keystone species that migrate from the ice-edge to spawn in some of the world's largest mass migrations. In planning, we determined likely spawning grounds for cod, and other keystone species such as capelin, herring, and haddock using historic survey data collected along the Norwegian coast. With our calibrated model of fish swimbladder resonance and historic length distribution data from Norway, swimbladder resonance frequencies and target strengths of these fish species were estimated. We also determined optimal OAWRS ship tracks for remote detection of these species above seafloor scattering using waveguide propagation modeling. While the OAWRS frequencies were greater than those expected for cod swimbladder resonance, cod shoals over ten kilometers in length were robustly detected and successfully imaged from tens of kilometer ranges during the experiment. This produced the first instantaneous images of a vast cod shoal. It also confirmed our predictions that OAWRS can be used to remotely sense and survey cod populations. Our theoretical predictions suggest that the use of lower OAWRS frequencies near cod swimbladder resonance would lead to greater dynamic range in population density estimates. The Nordic Seas experiment provided the first look revealing the entire horizontal morphology of vast cod, capelin, haddock and Norwegian herring shoals. This was done with instantaneous OAWRS imaging. The presence of multiple shoaling fish species during the Nordic Seas experiment provided us with a unique opportunity to study general shoaling behavior across species over ecosystem scales with OAWRS. For example, many pelagic and demersal fish species are known to undergo distant migrations for feeding, spawning and overwintering year after year. This suggests that migrating populations have an ability to efficiently sense their environment. By combining OAWRS estimates of fish scattering strength and population density obtained from simultaneous depth echo-sounding along line transects, areal population densities over entire shoals were determined. This enabled estimation of total shoal population, shoal aspect ratio, and shoal migration speed via cross correlation of population density over time. It was shown that across several species, as shoal population increased (tens of thousands to hundreds of millions of individuals), shoal aspect ratio also increased (roughly from one to ten). Single-celled organisms with higher aspect ratios have been shown to more efficiently and accurately detect chemical gradients at microscopic scales. The high-aspect ratio or elongated morphology of a large migrating fish shoal is consistent with the entire shoal serving the function of a biological antenna for efficient spatial and temporal sensing of mesoscale processes in the environment. We also studied the evolution of air resonance power efficiency in the violin and its ancestors. We collected historical data, including samples from roughly 500 classical Cremonese violins from the renowned workshops of Amati, Stradivari and Guarneri, to establish historic time series of key design traits. We determined the primary physical mechanisms governing radiated air resonance power in the violin and its ancestors and used this knowledge to explain the evolutionary trends we discovered.
by Ankita Deepak Jain.
Ph. D.
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Puckett, Anthony. "An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation fo Axially Symmetric Wave Propagation In Thick Cylindrical Waveguides." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PuckettA2004.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Mechanical Waveguides"

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Lee, Gi Gon. Analytical and experimental studies of beam waveguide absorbers for structural damping. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1988.

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Kat͡senelenbaum, B. Z. Theory of nonuniform waveguides: The cross-section method. London: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1998.

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Exner, Pavel, and Hynek Kovařík. Quantum Waveguides. Springer, 2015.

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Exner, Pavel, and Hynek Kovařík. Quantum Waveguides. Springer, 2016.

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Exner, Pavel, and Hynek Kovaík. Quantum Waveguides. Springer International Publishing AG, 2015.

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Quantum Waveguide in Microcircuits. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2017.

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Xia, Jian-Bai, Wei-Dong Sheng, and Duan Yang Liu. Quantum Waveguide in Microcircuits. Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2017.

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Nwajana, Augustine Onyenwe, and Kenneth Siok Kiam Yeo. Practical Approach to Substrate Integrated Waveguide Diplexer: Emerging Research and Opportunities. IGI Global, 2020.

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Nwajana, Augustine Onyenwe, and Kenneth Siok Kiam Yeo. Practical Approach to Substrate Integrated Waveguide Diplexer: Emerging Research and Opportunities. IGI Global, 2020.

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Nwajana, Augustine Onyenwe, and Kenneth Siok Kiam Yeo. Practical Approach to Substrate Integrated Waveguide Diplexer: Emerging Research and Opportunities. IGI Global, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanical Waveguides"

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Renno, Jamil, Sadok Sassi, and Mohammad R. Paurobally. "Modelling Wave Behaviour of Elastic Helical Waveguides." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 925–40. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8049-9_56.

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Rosa, Matheus Inguaggiato Nora, José Roberto de França Arruda, and Massimo Ruzzene. "Investigating Interface Modes on Periodic Acoustic Waveguides and Elastic Rods Using Spectral Elements." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 501–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91217-2_35.

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Honchar, Natalia, Pavlo Tryshyn, Dmytro Stepanov, and Olena Khavkina. "Effect of Abrasive Finishing on the Electrical Parameters of S-B and Rectangular Waveguides." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 395–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77719-7_39.

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Dobrotvorskiy, Sergey, Ludmila Dobrovolska, Borys Aleksenko, and Yevheniia Basova. "The Use of Waveguides with Internal Dissectors in the Process of Regeneration of Industrial Adsorbents by Means of the Energy of Ultrahigh-Frequency Radiation." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 433–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93587-4_45.

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Harris, J. G. "Propagation in Curved Waveguides." In IUTAM Symposium on Diffraction and Scattering in Fluid Mechanics and Elasticity, 321–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0087-0_35.

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Kleespies, Frank. "Localization and Lifshitz tails for Random Quantum Waveguides." In Mathematical Results in Quantum Mechanics, 275–79. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8745-8_25.

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Bhardwaj, Rakesh Kumar, V. P. Dutta, and Naresh Bhatnagar. "Mechanical Engineering Challenges in Machining of Terahertz Waveguide Components." In Terahertz Wireless Communication Components and System Technologies, 231–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9182-9_15.

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Periyannan, Suresh, and Krishnan Balasubramaniam. "Ultrasonic Waveguide Technique for Temperature Measurement Using T(0,1) Wave Mode." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 97–105. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0186-6_10.

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Yoshitomi, Kazushi. "Band Gap of the Spectrum in Periodically Curved Quantum Waveguides." In Mathematical Results in Quantum Mechanics, 379–84. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8745-8_38.

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Porter, R., and D. V. Evans. "Trapped Modes about Tube Bundles in Waveguides." In IUTAM Symposium on Diffraction and Scattering in Fluid Mechanics and Elasticity, 87–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0087-0_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanical Waveguides"

1

Choi, Moo-Jin, Kyoung-Sun Seo, Young-Hyun Jin, and Young-Ho Cho. "Micromechanical Behavior and Optical Characteristics of a Free-Standing Polymer Waveguide." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1073.

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Abstract This paper presents an experimental characterization of the microoptomechanical behavior of a mechanically deflected free-standing polymer waveguide. We evaluate the total optical loss of the mechanically deflected waveguide, considering propagation loss, input/output coupling loss and mechanical bending loss. For the experimental evaluation of the total optical loss, we design and fabricate three different sets of waveguide structures: the straight waveguides for propagation and coupling loss measurement; the curved waveguides for curvature loss measurement; the suspended waveguides for mechanical bending loss measurement. From the straight waveguides, we have measured the propagation loss of 5.4±1.1dB/cm and the coupling loss of 5.3±2.4dB, respectively. We have measured the curvature loss of ±4dB/rad for the curved waveguides having the radius of curvature in the range of 200–2,000μm. From the waveguide bending test, we have measured the elastic limit and the failure strength of the polymer waveguide as 5±1MPa and 23±8MPa, respectively. We also find that the mechanical bending loss is rapidly increased to 12–25dB for the waveguide deflection beyond the elastic region. The rapid increase of the mechanical bending loss in the large deflection region is due to the abrupt change of propagation angles as well as the mechanical defect generated in the waveguides.
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Kim, Kyoung-Joon, and Avram Bar-Cohen. "Thermo-Optical Behavior of Passively-Cooled Polymer Waveguides." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42342.

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Polymer waveguides offer considerable promise as cost-effective transmission channels for optical signals. However, thermo-optic effects induced by the intrinsic absorption of light in the waveguide material can compromise their performance. The present study seeks to define the thermo-optical issues in Bragg grating polymer waveguides, including the effects and relative importance of temperature change, thermal strain, and thermally-induced stresses. Analytical and numerical solutions are obtained for the temperature, strain, and stress fields in the core of a polymer waveguide, heated by intrinsic light energy absorption, and used to evaluate the resulting Bragg wavelength shift and reflectivity variance.
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Shih, Min-Yi, Matt Nielsen, Ernie Balch, and Leonard Douglas. "Simulations and Statistical Analyses of the Alignment of Patterned Optical Waveguides." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39207.

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In this paper we investigate the tolerances required to achieve high transmission efficiencies given two planar waveguides with misalignments in both offset and overlap. More specifically, simulations of two types of waveguides, embedded and deep-ridge, with defects created during a multi-exposure lithographic process are presented along with statistical analyses results. Average efficiencies as high as 99% can be achieved with both waveguides having misalignment deviations in position as great as 0.3 μm. Overlap misalignment in the regime we explored was found to be much less critical for the planar waveguide coupling.
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Hallez, Raphaël F., Jerome P. Smith, and Ricardo A. Burdisso. "Control of Higher-Order Modes in Ducts Using Arrays of Herschel-Quincke Waveguides." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1769.

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Abstract The Herschel-Quincke (HQ) tube concept is well known for attenuation of plane-wave noise in ducts. However the HQ-tubes system can also be effectively applied to more complex duct sound fields due to higher-order modes. In this paper, an analytical technique is developed to model and predict the effects of HQ waveguides in three-dimensional ducts in which higher-order modes exist. The analytical technique involves modeling the waveguide-duct interfaces as finite piston sources that couple the acoustic field inside the main duct with the acoustic field within the HQ waveguides. The analytical model is used to provide insight into the attenuation mechanisms of the HQ waveguide arrays. The effects of the configuration and number of the HQ waveguides on the performance of the system are investigated. The analytical results are also validated on the inlet of a turbofan engine experimentally. The results demonstrate the potential of the HQ tube concept to reduce noise in ducts in many industrial applications where higher-order modes exist.
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Wylie, Mark P., Garrett McGuinness, and Graham P. Gavin. "Soft tissue cutting with ultrasonic mechanical waveguides." In INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ULTRASONICS: Gdańsk 2011. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3703256.

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Limberger, H. G. "Mechanical reliability of UV irradiated optical fibers and fiber Bragg gratings." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgpp.1999.cd3.

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Rahatuzzaman, Al-Zadid Sultan Bin Habib, and Atik Mahabub. "Design of optical waveguides considering thermo-mechanical aspects." In the 6th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3362966.3362984.

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Rabii, Christopher D., and James A. Harrington. "Mechanical and optical properties of hollow glass waveguides." In BiOS '97, Part of Photonics West, edited by Abraham Katzir and James A. Harrington. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.271025.

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Chen, D., S. Close, J. Fouquet, R. Haven, H. Reynolds, S. Schiaffino, D. Schroeder, M. Troll, and S. Venkatesh. "An Optical Cross-Connect Switch Based on Micro-Bubbles." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1067.

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Abstract An all optical cross-connect for communications networks is presented here. Optical switching is accomplished in a planar silica lightwave circuit where the switching array matrix is defined by a system of intersecting waveguides. Small microchannels are fabricated at the waveguide intersection and are filled with an index matched liquid. Microbubbles are thermally manipulated to allow light to be either transmitted or reflected by total internal reflection. The physics associated with the bubble behavior and the requirements of a reliable package present a slew of challenges for the mechanical engineer.
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Yang, Allen H. J., Bradley Schmidt, Sudeep Mandal, Michal Lipson, and David Erickson. "Optofluidic Transport: Optical Waveguides as Microfluidic “Train Tracks”." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41787.

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In this work we demonstrate optofluidic [1] transport and trapping of dielectric particles using the intense electromagnetic energy in the evanescent field of optically excited microphotonic waveguides. A conceptual overview of the transport mechanism is presented along with the detailed optofluidic theory which describes the transport. Experimental results for straight and curved waveguides are presented along with details of our experimental technique. The final section details our recent work on developing a stability condition for this form of transport.
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