Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical separation process'
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Rza Behbudov, Shahin Ismayilov, Rza Behbudov, Shahin Ismayilov. "DETERMINATION OF THE INSIDE DIAMETER AND CAPACITY OF A VERTICAL GRAVITY SEPARATOR." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 17, no. 06 (May 18, 2022): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei17062022-175.
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The article provides a brief analysis of the internal diameter and capacity of a vertical gravity separator. The process of separation should be understood as the process of separating the solid, liquid and vapor phases in a stream. Devices in which liquid and solid phases are separated from gas are called separators. Separators used in gas condensate mines are divided into classes according to their different qualities. Separators are divided into the following types (classes) according to their purpose: a) working separators; b) measuring separators. Separators are cylindrical and spherical according to their geometric shapes. Separators are vertical, horizontal and inclined depending on their position in space. Due to the phase separation, the separators are of mechanical, liquid and electric type. Mechanically operated separators that separate phase separations according to their strength are divided into gravitational, centrifugal and filter-sensitive (separating). Keywords: vertical, gravitational, separation, steam, measuring separators, horizontal
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Brăcăcescu, Carmen, Ioan Ţenu, Costin Mircea, and George Bunduchi. "Experimental research on influence of functional parameters of combined installations designed at separating the impurities out of cereal seeds." E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911203004.
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The paper presents the experimental installation, the methodology and measuring apparatus used for experimental research of qualitative indexes of impurities separation out of grain seeds for combined separating systems (according to specific weight and aerodynamic properties of seeds). The experimental installation used was composed of a gravimetric separator with mechanical shaker with unbalanced masses (mounted on the platform working surface) and an aspiration installation with fan. The experimental research has aimed at quantitative and qualitative influence on separation quality index of the following operating parameters: material flow rate of shaking separator, the air flow of aspiration installation, tilting work surface, work surface oscillation amplitude. Based on data obtained by measurements and qualitative indicators the separating process indexes have been determined, namely: degree of impurities separation, degree of good seeds loss, as well as, the separation quality index for different types of combinations of separation installation parameters.
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Rebot, Dariya, and Artom Babii. "Influence of the velocity of the medium layer on its dynamicparameters in the process of vibration separation." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 8, no. 2 (2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2022.02.033.
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A review of recent research in the field of vibration separation of bulk media has been done. It was found that the productivity of the separation process is influenced not only by the design characteristics of the vibrating separator, in particular the length, angle and capacity of the working housing, but also the dynamic processes that occur in bulk medium during separation. The efficiency of the separation process significantly depends on the mutual influence of the velocity of the bulk medium along the separator sieve and its amplitude-frequency characteristics. Based on the review, the relevance of further study of these parameters was established. Using the methods of nonlinear mechanics, a mathematical model of the motion of the layer of bulk medium on the sieve of the vibrating separator was built. The layer of bulk medium was modeled by an elastic beam, which is in contact elastically, rigidly, or as hinged. Graphical dependences of the influence of the frequency of external perturbation and the velocity of the bulk medium along the sieve of the separator on its oscillation amplitude were obtained. The obtained mathematical model and graphical dependences showed that small velocities of the medium layer lead to an increase in the amplitude of oscillations of the bulk medium and a decrease in its frequency of oscillations, which increases the permeability of medium particles and increases the productivity of the separation process. The obtained researches allow us to increase the efficiency of the separation process, to regulate the processes that take place in the bulk medium and to increase the speed of its passage through the sieve openings. The constructed mathematical model can serve as a basis for further studies of the influence of changes in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the bulk medium on its dynamic parameters in the process of vibration separation.
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Ogawa, Akira. "Mechanical Separation Process and Flow Patterns of Cyclone Dust Collectors." Applied Mechanics Reviews 50, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 97–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3101697.
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A cyclone dust collector (called herein a cyclone) is applied in many industrial fields, for example, powder technology, combustion chambers, various chemical plants, etc. Until now, there are many types of cyclones for the purpose of separation of solid particles; however generally-speaking, the following types of the cyclone are typical: returned flow or reversed flow type, axial flow type, and rotary flow cyclone with tangential injection of the second gas flow to the cyclone body. In order to understand the performance of the cyclone and the problems of turbulent rotational flow and the separation mechanism for solid particles, this review article describes the flow pattern and distribution of the tangential velocity for pure gas flow and for dust laden gas flow, which are most important factors for estimating the pressure drop and the separation characteristics of the solid particles, and also the mechanical separation process in the centrifugal flow field. This review article includes 162 references.
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Remiorz, Leszek, Sebastian Rulik, and Sławomir Dykas. "Numerical modeling of CO2 separation process." Archives of Thermodynamics 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoter-2013-0003.
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Abstract Paper presents the results of numerical modelling of a rectangular tube filled with a mixture of air and CO2 by means of the induced standing wave. Assumed frequency inducing the acoustic waves corresponds to the frequency of the thermoacoustic engine. In order to reduce the computational time the engine has been replaced by the mechanical system consisting of a piston. This paper includes the results of model studies of an acoustic tube filled with a mixture of air and CO2 in which a standing wave was induced.
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Wang, Lin, Chong Xie, Zhimin Wang, and Kexu Chen. "Optimization analysis and Field application of gas-liquid cyclone separator based on CFX." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 9 (September 2022): 168781322211199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221119951.
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At present, large and cumbersome gravity sedimentation separators are generally used in the separation of liquid and gas in the wellbore during emergency blowout or circulating degassing in drilling, and innovation and improvement are urgently needed. In this paper, CFX commercial simulation software is used to analyze the cut-in cyclone separator, and the axial inlet type cyclone separator with different length ratios of cylinder-cone section in swirling flow section under different flow channel structures, and carried out indoor simulation and field test verification. The results show that the axial inlet type cyclone separator is more suitable for gas-liquid separation than the cut-in cyclone separator, and the separation can be well improved by increasing the length-diameter ratio of the cyclone section under the cut-in cyclone separator structure. Finally, the experimental separation efficiency reached 99%, and the field test separation efficiency reached more than 98%. This greatly improves the separation efficiency of liquid and gas during the drilling process, and also plays a certain role in promoting the separation of gas and liquid in the entire oil and gas industry.
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Mohd Saman, Alias, Tatsuaki Furumoto, and . "Evaluation of Separating Process for Different Materials by Thermal Stress Cleaving Technique." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.27 (November 30, 2018): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.27.22507.
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This paper aims to evaluate the separating process of brittle materials by thermal stress cleaving technique. This process is suitable for separating thin brittle materials such as sapphire and silicon wafer, which are sensitive to force. Both materials were used largely in microelectronics, solar cells and micro-mechanical industries that require precise machining. Finite element method was used to evaluate a steady state thermal stress by considering the temperature transient during laser irradiation process. The heat source was assigned according to the laser energy absorption characteristics of the materials. Stress intensity factor was analyzed to determine the starts of separation process. The results show that CO2 laser energy was absorbed on the surface of the sapphire material as compared proportionated absorption of Nd:YAG laser energy on silicon material. Due to thermal stress generated by the laser beam, material separation was start. Fracture begins at the bottom surface of sapphire wafer compared to fracture initiation at the prepared groove for silicon wafer. The material separation can be controlled when it begins at the groove. Hence, better surface finished can be achieved.
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Gasper, Paul, Joshua Hines, Jean-Paul Miralda, Ricardo Bonhomme, Jerome Schaufeld, Diran Apelian, and Yan Wang. "Economic Feasibility of a Mechanical Separation Process for Recycling Alkaline Batteries." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 16, no. 4 (October 4, 2013): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v16i4.157.
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Spent primary alkaline batteries present an unused source of secondary metals in Europe and the US, with at least 300,000 metric tons of batteries being landfilled each year. While battery recycling programs exist, current hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes are not profitable when used for dedicated alkaline battery recycling, so industry growth is difficult. A novel mechanical separation process consisting of shredding, baking, magnetic separation, and specific gravity separation was developed to recycle one metric ton per hour of alkaline batteries at lower cost than current methods, while being environmentally beneficial. Financial analysis was conducted using a Process-Based Cost Model to address the challenges of modeling a recycling process. At full capacity, the cost to recycle alkaline batteries via the developed process is $529 per metric ton, +/- 25%, not including transportation, with revenue of $383 per metric ton. This cost is lower than that of other reported processes, but is still not economically feasible. With supplemental revenue of $0.3 per kg, which could come from various sources, the return on investment can occur in just under 3 years. The low value of alkaline battery recovery material is identified as the most significant economic barrier for the recycling.
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Abe´, H., M. Saka, S. Ohba, and T. Hashida. "Does the Process Zone Control Crack Growth?" Applied Mechanics Reviews 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3119765.
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Fracture toughness tests were carried out by using small compact tension specimens of Westerly granite. Relation between the load-line displacement and the initial crack-tip separation changed from linear to nonlinear and then to linear again with increasing loading. The onset of the main crack growth was found to occur in a loading level at which the relation was nonlinear. This result disclosed that the onset of main crack growth in granite occurred without experience of the complete area under the tension-softening curve. The critical value of the initial crack-tip separation for onset of the main crack growth was obtained independently of the initial notch length. Also monitoring of the growth of the fracture process zone by ultrasonic technique showed that its length related with the crack-tip separation independently of the initial notch length. By combining the results just mentioned, it was concluded that the fracture process zone controlled the onset of the main crack growth.
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Gao, Dawei, Chenhui Hua, and Jiexiong Ding. "Research on excitation technology of high-throughput ultrasonic micro-separator based on micro-nano fabrication." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 5 (May 2022): 168781322210962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221096229.
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The excitation technology of ultrasonic standing wave field is the core key to realize ultrasonic separation. This paper analyzes the excitation technology of (1, 1) mode ultrasonic separation of high-throughput ultrasonic micro-separator. There are two main problems: the coexistence of multiple modes in the separation cavity and the insufficient acoustic radiation force. In order to solve these two problems, this paper uses integrated circuit micromachining technology to process the ultrasonic micro-separator. The depth dimension of the cavity reaches 200 ± 0.5 µm, and the verticality of the side wall of the cavity reaches 83.36°. The degree of SFPD (Site Focal Plane Deviation) is less than or equal to 0.25 µm. Besides, this paper proposes an excitation method of saw-tooth frequency sweep of two anti-phase acoustic drivers. Finally, the experiments of the separator processed by the processing method proposed in this paper shows that, the excitation method proposed in this paper can effectively excite the (1, 1) mode, and shortens the time for the pattern formation of particle convergence, which greatly improves the separation efficiency. The separation throughput (flow rate) in one single cavity in this work can reach to 100 µl/min. It provides an effective basis for ultrasonic micro-separation technology.
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Adamchuk, Valerii, Volodymyr Bulgakov, Iaroslav Gadzalo, Semjons Ivanovs, Serhiy Stepanenko, Ivan Holovach, and Yevhen Ihnatiev. "Theoretical Study of Vibrocentrifugal Separation of Grain Mixtures on a Sieveless Seed-cleaning Machine." Rural Sustainability Research 46, no. 341 (December 1, 2021): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2021-0023.
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Abstract The article presents an analysis of known developments on creation of sieve-less pneumatic vibration centrifuges separating devices and processes of separating seed mixtures into fractions according to the complex of physical and mechanical properties of components. Mechanistic and mathematical models for studying the movement of particles over the sieve-free surface of pneumatic vibration separators were developed, theoretical studies of movement of seed mixture components were conducted and the most acceptable pneumatic vibration centrifugation process was determined by likeness to the process occurring on the separating surface of pneumatic sorting tables. To achieve the greatest separation of particles on the complex of their physical and mechanical properties (density, geometric dimensions, aerodynamic properties of seeds) is possible with the same direction of oscillatory motion and rotation of the separating surface performing the rotation in the direction from a larger radius to a smaller radius of the surface, in the “fluidization” mode, i. e. i.e. with periodic separation of the lower particles of the layer from the separating surface at simultaneous blowing of the layer by an air stream.
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Tappi, Silvia, Ana Cristina De Aguiar Saldanha Pinheiro, Dario Mercatante, Gianfranco Picone, Francesca Soglia, Maria Teresa Rodriguez-Estrada, Massimiliano Petracci, Francesco Capozzi, and Pietro Rocculi. "Quality Changes during Frozen Storage of Mechanical-Separated Flesh Obtained from an Underutilized Crustacean." Foods 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2020): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9101485.
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Despite their high nutritional value, high quantities of fish caught in the Adriatic Sea are underused or discarded for their insignificant economic value. Mechanical separation of flesh represents an opportunity for developing innovative semi-finished products, even if it can promote an increased quality degradation rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate physico-chemical modifications of mechanically separated mantis shrimp flesh during deep-freezing storage. Flesh samples obtained using a belt-drum separator, frozen and vacuum-packed, were stored at 3 temperatures (industrial: −26 °C; domestic: −18 °C and abuse: −10 °C) for 12 months. During storage, qualitative (color, water content, pH, fatty acids (FA) and lipid oxidation) were evaluated. Fish freshness parameters (e.g., trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylamine (DMA) and amino acids) were assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The mechanical separation process accelerated the initial oxidation phenomena, promoting color alterations, compared to manual separation. The main degradation phenomena during storage were significantly affected by temperature and were related to changes in luminosity, oxidation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), increased lipolysis with release of free FA, production of TMA and DMA by residual enzymatic activity, and changes in amino acids due to proteolysis. The inter-disciplinary approach permitted important findings to be made, in terms of the extent of different degradative phenomena, bound to processing and storage conditions of mechanically separated mantis flesh.
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Doh, Il, and Young-Ho Cho. "A Continuous Cell Separation Chip Using Hydrodynamic Dielectrophoresis Process." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2005.29.1.053.
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Bicalho, Isabele Cristina, José Lucas Mognon, Juliana Shimoyama, Carlos Henrique Ataíde, and Claudio Roberto Duarte. "Study of Biological Material Separation in Hydrocyclones." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1896–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1896.
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Hydrocyclones use the same principle of separation of centrifuges, but with no moving parts and no mechanical complexity. For these reasons as well as its versatility in applications, low cost, simple operation, small size, high production efficiencies with short residence times, these devices have been widely found in industry, and even suggested as a practical alternative to solid-liquid separations involving biological material. In the process of fermentation to produce ethanol, the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeare recovered and recycled to a new stage of fermentation. This separation process is a major challenge, because the yeasts are small and low density. In this sense, the objective of this work was to investigate the use of hydrocyclones for the separation of yeast from alcoholic fermentation. A factorial experimental design (24) was applied and the results were used to determine empirical mathematical model that describes the reduced separation efficiency as a function of different geometrical and operating variables.
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Kovalyshyn, S. J., O. P. Shvets, S. Grundas, and J. Tys. "Use of the electro-separation method for improvement of the utility value of winter rapeseeds." International Agrophysics 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intag-2013-0012.
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Abstract The paper presents the results of a study of the use of electro-separation methods for improvement of the utility value of 5 winter rapeseed cultivars. The process of electro-separation of rapeseed was conducted on a prototype apparatus built at the Laboratory of Application of Electro-technologies in Agriculture, Lviv National Agriculture University. The process facilitated separation of damaged, low quality seeds from the sowing material. The initial mean level of mechanically damaged seeds in the winter rapeseed cultivars studied varied within the range of 15.8-20.1%. Verification of the amount of seeds with mechanical damage was performed on X-ray images of seeds acquired by means of a digital X-ray apparatus. In the course of analysis of the X-ray images, it was noted that the mean level of mechanical damage to the seeds after the electro-separation was in the range of 2.1-3.8%. The application of the method of separation of rapeseeds in the corona discharge field yielded a significant reduction of the level of seeds with mechanical damage. The application of the method in practice may effectively contribute to improvement of the utility value of sowing material or seed material for production of edible oil.
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Abdollahi, Mehdi, Haizhou Wu, and Ingrid Undeland. "Impact of Processing Technology on Macro- and Micronutrient Profile of Protein-Enriched Products from Fish Backbones." Foods 10, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10050950.
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Impacts of processing technology (mechanical separation and pH-shift processing) on protein recovery from salmon, herring and cod backbones and the content of macro- and micronutrients in the recovered protein enriched products were investigated. Mechanical separation led to higher protein recovery compared with the pH-shift process and using both techniques, recovery ranked the species as herring > salmon > cod. However, the pH-shift process up-concentrated protein from herring and salmon backbones more efficiently than mechanical separation by removing more fat and ash. This consequently reduced n-3 PUFA and vitamin D content in their protein isolates compared with the backbones and mechanically separated meat (MSM). Cod protein isolate, however, contained higher levels of these nutrients compared with MSM. Mechanical separation concentrated vitamins E and C in salmon MSM but not for cod and herring. Opposite, pH-shift processing reduced levels of these two vitamins for cod and herring backbones, while vitamins D and C were reduced for salmon. For minerals, selenium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were lower in protein isolates than MSM, while copper, zinc, iron and manganese were similar or higher. Overall, there is a major potential for upcycling of fish backbones to food ingredients, but processing technology should be carefully balanced against the desired nutrient profile and final application area.
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Weiss, M., and A. W. Momber. "Preliminary investigations about the separation of automotive composite components by a hydro-erosive method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 217, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070360550246.
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A new method for separating fibrous coatings and backing materials of automotive components is introduced. The selective performance of high-speed water jets with velocities up to 300 m/s is utilized to mill backing materials from textile card webs without fibre damage, and selectively to remove textile coatings from luggage boot linings, insulating sheets and columns. The individual separation processes are discussed. The particular material removal process depends on the structure and properties of the compounds. Permeability plays an important role. It is shown that any individual separation process is characterized by an energy threshold, and typical values for these thresholds are provided. The new method is a very reliable tool for selective separation. Quality aspects as well as economical aspects are also discussed.
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Bredykhin, Vadym, Andrey Pak, Petro Gurskyi, Sergey Denisenko, and Khrystyna Bredykhina. "Improving the mechanical-mathematical model of pneumatic vibration centrifugal fractionation of grain materials based on their density." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 4, no. 1(112) (July 12, 2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.236938.
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This paper has substantiated the mechanical-mathematical modeling of the process of fractionation of grain material into fractions. It has been established that this could optimize the process parameters and would make it possible to design new or improve existing working surfaces of centrifugal separators. A mechanical-mathematical model of the pneumatic vibratory centrifugal separation of grain material by density has been improved. This research is based on the method of hydrodynamics of multiphase media. The improved mechanical-mathematical model takes into consideration the interaction between the discrete and continuous phases of grain material by introducing conditions of interaction at the interface of these phases. In the hydrodynamic modeling of the movement of the circular layer of seeds, the coefficient of dynamic viscosity of discrete and continuous phases was taken into consideration. It was established that the pneumatic vibratory centrifugal separation process parameters are critically affected by the circular frequency of rotation of the cylindrical working surface, the frequency and amplitude of its oscillations. As well as such process characteristics as the airflow rate, dynamic viscosity coefficient, the average thickness of a grain material layer, and the mean density of its particles. Rational values for the technical parameters of the grain material pneumatic vibratory centrifugal fractionation process in terms of density have been determined by using the improved mechanical-mathematical model. The amplitude and oscillation frequency of the working surface are in the ranges A=(35…50)·10–5 m, ω=15.0...15.6 rad/s. The circular rotation frequency of the working surface, ω=24...25 rad/s. The airflow rate, V=2 m/s. It was established that using the improved mechanical-mathematical model of fractionation makes it possible to improve the performance of a pneumatic vibratory centrifugal separator by 9 %. At the same time, the effectiveness of grain material separation could reach 100 %.
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Kim, Byung-Su, Soo-Bock Jeong, Mi-Hee Jeong, and Jae-Wook Ryu. "Upgrading of Manganese from Waste Silicomanganese Slag by a Mechanical Separation Process." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 52, no. 8 (2011): 1705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2011114.
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Wu, Xiangquan, Chunjie Xu, Zhongming Zhang, and Zhongmin Jin. "Tilting separation simulation and theory verification of mask projection stereolithography process." Rapid Prototyping Journal 27, no. 5 (June 8, 2021): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-04-2020-0070.
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Purpose This study aims to accurately simulate the tilting separation process of mask projection stereolithography (MPSL) and verify the tilting theory. Design/methodology/approach The finite element separation models of MPSL 3D printing process were established. The established models simulated both tilting and pulling-up separation process by changing the constraints and boundary conditions. The bilinear cohesive curves were used to define the separation interface. The stress distribution of the cured part and FEP film at different times during the whole separation process was extracted. Different orientations of pulling-up and tilting were also compared for stress distribution. The stress change was analyzed for the center and edge points of the upper surface of cured part. Findings The results showed that the stress increased with the separation speed, and the stress at the edge position of exposure area was greater than the internal position. The tilting traction stress distribution was affected by the exposure area function and the velocity distribution. Alternation of the exposure area function changed the cohesive stiffness. The non-coincidence of the calculated traction stress with the input bilinear cohesive curve reflected the influence of the material properties and the separation methods. The high-speed side of tilting had fast separation and high traction stress. Originality/value This study proposes a technical method for simulation tilting separation and verified the tilting theory. The cohesive zone model was proved applicable to the tilting traction stress calculation.
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Bi, Haijun, Huabing Zhu, Lei Zu, Shuanghua He, Yong Gao, and Jielin Peng. "Combined mechanical process recycling technology for recovering copper and aluminium components of spent lithium-iron phosphate batteries." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 8 (June 20, 2019): 767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19855432.
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The recycling processes of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries comprise thermal, wet, and biological and mechanical treatments. Limited research has been conducted on the combined mechanical process recycling technology and such works are limited to the separation of metal and non-metal materials, which belongs to mechanical recovery. In this article the combined mechanical process recycling technology of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries and the separation of metals has been investigated. The spent lithium iron phosphate batteries monomer with the completely discharged electrolyte was subjected to perforation discharge. The shell was directly recycled and the inner core was directly separated into a positive electrode piece, dissepiment, and negative electrode piece. The dissociation rate of the positive and negative materials reached 100.0% after crushing when the temperature and time reached 300 °C and 120 min. The crushed products were collected and sequentially sieved after the low-temperature thermal treatment. Then, nonferrous metals (copper and aluminium) were separated from the crushed spent lithium iron phosphate batteries by eddy current separation with particle size −4 + 0.4. The optimised operation parameters of eddy current separation were fed at speeds of 40 r min-1, and the rotation speed of the magnetic field was 800 r min-1. The nonferrous metals of copper and aluminium were separated by the method of pneumatic separation. The optimal air speed was 0.34 m s-1 for the particle-size −1.6 + 0.4 mm and 12.85–14.23 m s-1 for the particle-size −4 + 1.6 mm. The present recycling process is eco-friendly and highly efficient and produces little waste.
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Ye, Hang, Abhishek Venketeswaran, Sonjoy Das, and Chi Zhou. "Investigation of separation force for constrained-surface stereolithography process from mechanics perspective." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 4 (June 20, 2017): 696–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-06-2016-0091.
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Purpose One of the major concerns of the constrained-surface stereolithography (SLA) process is that the built-up part may break because of the force resulting from the pulling-up process. This resultant force may become significant if the interface mechanism between the two contact surfaces (i.e. newly cured layer and the bottom of the resin vat) produces a strong bonding between them. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the separation process between the cured part and the resin vat by adopting an appropriate and simple mechanics-based model that can be used to probe the pulling-up process. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the time-histories of the pulling-up forces are measured using FlexiForce® force sensors. The experimental data are analyzed and used to estimate the constitutive parameters of the separation mechanism. Here, the separation mechanism is modeled based on the concept of cohesive zone model (CZM) that is well-studied in the field of fracture mechanics. By using the experimentally measured pulling-up force, this paper proposes a very efficient inverse technique to estimate the constitutive parameters for the CZM. The constitutive laws for the CZM facilitate in relating the separation force at the interface between the cured part and the resin vat in terms of the pulling-up velocity. Unlike work proposed earlier, computationally expensive full-scale finite element runs are not essential in the current work while estimating the required parameters of the constitutive laws. Instead, mechanics-based computationally efficient surrogate model is proposed to readily estimate these constitutive parameters. Findings Two constitutive laws are compared on the basis of their predictions of the separation force profile. Excellent match is obtained between the measured and the predicted separation force profiles. Originality/value This paper selects a suitable mechanics-based model that can characterize the separation process and proposes a computationally efficient scheme to estimate the required constitutive parameters. The proposed scheme can be used to reliably predict the separation force for the constrained-surface SLA process, leading to improved productivity and reliability of the SLA processes in fabricating the built-up parts.
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Hung, Ha Vinh. "INVESTIGATION OF ABILITY LIBERATION OF METALS FROM PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS BY MECHANICAL PROCESSES FOR PHYSICAL SEPARATION PROCESSES." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 2A (March 19, 2018): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/2a/11936.
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Physical separation process was widely applied for the separation of metallic component from Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) due to their advantages as friendly-environment, facilitated control, and low-cost. However, the efficiency of physical separation depends on a level of the liberation between the metallic and non-metallic components which is conducted by mechanical processing.In this study, the liberation of metals from computer PCBs was conducted in detail by mechanical processes including cutting and crushing. The obtained results demonstrate the distribution metallic and non-metallic component weighs as a function of particle sizes. The separation efficiency of metals was conducted by air separation using vacuum sorter equipment. The results showed that the comminution processes using hammer mill for reach the highest efficiency with 92 % recovery and 87 % grade of metallic components in the heavy fraction with particle size 1.0 - 1.4 mm by air separation process.
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Tang, Hong Yan, Ji Hui Wang, Guo Qiang Gao, and Wen Xing Chen. "Effects of Thermal Treatment on the Morphology and Properties of CSM/Poly(Urethane-Isocyanurate) Composites Formed by SRIM Process." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.941.
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Fiberglass continuous strand mat(CSM)/poly(urethane-isocyanurate) composites were formed by SRIM process, treated under different conditions and then characterized based on dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ,transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the mechanical property tests. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites could be increased with improving the degree of microphase separation. At a given temperature (120°C), the degree of microphase separation is the highest for 4h and decreases gradually with prolonging treatment time. For a given time (4h), the well microphase-separated morphology is obtained and the degree of microphase mixing is increased at 120°C and 140°C treatments, respectively. The degree of microphase separation of the composites decreases with enhancing the temperature to 140°C.
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Sevostianov, Ivan, and Yaroslav Ivanchuck. "MODELLING OF WORKING PROCESS OF EQUIPMENT WITH HYDRAULIC DRIVE FOR SEPARATION OF DAMP DISPERSIVE MATERIALS." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(116) (April 29, 2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2022-1-9.
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A task of introduction of separation processes of damp dispersive materials are very actual for food and processing industry of Ukraine and other countries, because its solution will allow to resolve by most effective way a problem of utilization of such waste as alcoholic bard, beer pellets, beet press, coffee and barley slime. In most cases this waste is poured out in nearest reservoirs or on ground and that leads to environment pollution. But after separation from the waste of the liquid phase (waste dehydration) its hard phase can be used as a valuable additive to agricultural fodders or as a high calorie fuel. By article’s authors notion the most prospective method of separation of the damp dispersive waste is mechanical dehydration, that provides high productivity of the working process, low consumption of energy (in 240 – 800 times lower then under realization of thermal methods) and necessary final humidity of the waste (20 – 25% in case of utilization by a method of vibro-blowing dehydration). One of the most prospective types of equipment for mechanical separation of the damp dispersive waste are presses with hydraulic drive that have relatively compact dimensions, high energy efficiency and reliability and provide a possibility for wide-range and infinitely variable control of main parameters of a loading regime of the waste processing. There is a scheme of an improved and high effective installation with hydraulic drive for separation of damp dispersive materials is presented in the article. Besides there are elaborated equations of its mathematic model that connect working parameters of separation, design parameters of the installation and physical-mechanical characteristics of the processed material. These equations can be used for optimization of the installation’s design and for creation of its method of projecting calculation.
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Dodbiba, G., A. Shibayama, T. Miyazaki, and T. Fujita. "Separation Performance of PVC and PP Plastic Mixture Using Air Table." Physical Separation in Science and Engineering 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478647031000139385.
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The aim of the research presented in this article was to investigate separation performance of the air table when separating a binary mixture of plastics. Separation using the air table, i.e. a dry mechanical process that grades constituents of the mixture with differences in specific gravity, is employed for separation of the PVC/PP mixture. Moreover, the performance of the laboratory-scale air table is improved by increasing the height of riffles laid on the porous deck. The separation tests in a laboratory-scale air table showed that the total efficiency of the separation is mainly dependent on superficial velocity of the air, longitudinal vibrating frequency of the deck, end slope, side slope, and height of riffles. The respective influence of these variables upon the total efficiency of separation is demonstrated experimentally. The evaluations of the separation performance for the two-component mixture are made in terms of grade [%], recovery [%] and total efficiency [%].
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Malovanyy, Myroslav, Natalia Chornomaz, Ihor Bordun, Ivan Tymchuk, and Jaroslava Zaharko. "Integrated Process of Ammonium Ion Adsorption by Natural Dispersed Sorbents." Key Engineering Materials 925 (July 11, 2022): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-r9rvlw.
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The process of adsorption treatment of effluents from ammonium ions is considered as an integrated two-stage process consisting of the stage of adsorption of contaminants by natural sorbents in the apparatus with a stirrer and the liquid separation stage and solid phases. Mathematical models of ammonium ions adsorption from effluents by natural dispersed sorbents are proposed, based on the assumption that the process is described by Langmuir and Friendlich isotherms. The values of ion exchange equilibrium constants for different types of natural sorbents have been established by identifying experimental data for theoretical dependences. The obtained constants can be used to calculate the average concentration of ammonium ions in the solution and in the grain of the sorbent in the process of integrated adsorption process. Based on the analysis of the research results, the optimum method of the spent sorbent separation was selected - separation of the suspension of purified ammonium-containing effluents - spent sorbent under the action of gravity. Indicators of optimization of complex process of sewage treatment from ammonium ions are offered.
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Bardovskii, A. D., A. A. Gerasimova, A. M. Keropyan, and P. Ya Bibikow. "Influence of the mechanical characteristics of harp screen material on screening process." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 61, no. 9 (October 21, 2018): 678–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-9-678-682.
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The paper presents the results of studies on the influence of mechanical characteristics of harp screen material on the technological parameters of screening. A mathematical model of the vibrational process of harp screens is presented depending on the length of their free areas, magnitude of technological load and characteristics of the screened material. Dependences of the relative vibrations amplitudes of rubber and cable strips on the length of their free areas are determined for different values of process load. As a result of the researches, it was established that the amplitude of the relative vibration of rubber strip under load decreases with increasing length of their free areas and for steel cable strips it increases, reaching a maximum at certain values of process load. It was also found that presence of the load dramatically reduces the amplitude of relative vibration of rubber strips, especially, in the area of dimensionless frequencies of the order of (0.6 – 1.4)g, while the vibrations amplitude of cable strips vary slightly in this frequency range. The article presents information on rubber-cable harp screening surfaces of mesh type: strips in the form of steel cables, rubberized with rubber cover having lateral separation projections. The use of rubber-cable strips as working elements of the screening surface allows to increase the “open area” of the screen due to the increase of distance between supports while maintaining high and stable amplitude of strips vibrations. Optimization of mechanical characteristics of the working elements material of harp screens and conditions of their fixation allows to intensify separation of screened material into fractions by eliminating sticking of the screened surface with clay particles and clogging of the material with “difficult” grains, and to improve significantly technical and economic indicators of the screening process. Such screening surface passed successful industrial tests at a number of quarries producing construction aggregates for the separation of crushed stone and gravel. Economic efficiency of the rubber-cable harp screens is presented in comparison with the wire screens in technological schemes of processing of mineral raw materials.
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SCHEICHL, B., A. KLUWICK, and F. T. SMITH. "Break-away separation for high turbulence intensity and large Reynolds number." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 670 (February 22, 2011): 260–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010005306.
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Massive flow separation from the surface of a plane bluff obstacle in an incompressible uniform stream is addressed theoretically for large values of the global Reynolds numberRe. The analysis is motivated by a conclusion drawn from recent theoretical results which is corroborated by experimental findings but apparently contrasts with common reasoning: the attached boundary layer extending from the front stagnation point to the position of separation never attains a fully developed turbulent state, even for arbitrarily largeRe. Consequently, the boundary layer exhibits a certain level of turbulence intensity that is linked with the separation process, governed by local viscous–inviscid interaction. Eventually, the latter mechanism is expected to be associated with rapid change of the separating shear layer towards a fully developed turbulent one. A self-consistent flow description in the vicinity of separation is derived, where the present study includes the predominantly turbulent region. We establish a criterion that acts to select the position of separation. The basic analysis here, which appears physically feasible and rational, is carried out without needing to resort to a specific turbulence closure.
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Uzkan, T. "An Analysis of the Engine Blowdown Process Using Multidimensional Computations." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240064.
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The details of the blowdown period were studied for the EMD-710 diesel engine by using a multidimensional computational code for in-cylinder flows. Computed results are presented describing both global and detailed features of the flow field during the blowdown period. Global features include variations of cylinder pressure, mass, angular momentum, turbulence kinetic energy, and the exhaust mass. A parametric analysis has shown that the percent pressure drop and the percent mass exhausted are almost invariable with the initial cylinder pressure or mass. Details of the mass convection process within the cylinder are investigated through development of the line separating the downward and upward flowing gas regions. The location and speed of propagation of this separation line are also found to be independent of initial cylinder pressure and mass. The results show that the speed of the separation line is about twice the piston speed for an initial period of 15 deg crank angle. Then it starts to decrease and becomes equal to the piston speed at about 26 deg after the exhaust valve opening. Beyond this time the separation line is slower than the piston speed.
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Ahmed, Rtibi, Hasnaoui Mohammed, and Amahmid Abdelkhalk. "Magnetic field effect on Soret driving free convection in an inclined porous cavity saturated by a conducting binary mixture." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 24, no. 8 (October 28, 2014): 1715–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-06-2013-0189.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study analytically and numerically the effect of a transverse magnetic field on the separation of species induced in an inclined rectangular porous cavity saturated with an electrically conducting mixture. Design/methodology/approach – The porous layer is assumed homogeneous and submitted from its long sides to uniform heat fluxes and to a magnetic field of strength B. The Darcy model combined with the Boussinesq approximation are used to study the heat and solute transfer in the medium. An analytical solution is developed on the basis of the parallel flow approximation. Numerical simulations are also performed in order to validate the analytical solution. The controlling parameters of this problem are the thermal Rayleigh number, the inclination of the enclosure, the separation parameter, the Hartmann number and the Lewis number. Findings – For given values of the thermal Rayleigh number, the inclination of the enclosure, the separation parameter and the Lewis number, there is an optimal magnetic field which leads to a maximum of separation. At relatively high Rayleigh numbers, where convection destroys the separation process, it is possible, with an optimal choice of the Hartman number, to recover a good level of separation. Research limitations/implications – Since the problem is governed by several parameters (five parameters), only the Darcy model was used in this study instead of the Darcy-Brinkman extended model even if the latter model allows to cover the pure fluid and Darcy porous media as limiting cases. Practical implications – In separation experiments, it is very difficult technically to work with small Rayleigh numbers due to technical difficulties. However, the process of separations is canceled at high Rayleigh number by the strength of convection which causes a mixing in the binary mixture. This study shows that, by using adequate combinations of the controlling parameters, it becomes possible to reach a good level of separation even at relatively high Rayleigh numbers. Originality/value – Optimum choice of the magnetic field and the inclination of the cavity may lead to a good level of the separation process. For large Lewis numbers, the separation vanishes far above and far below the optimal Ha. However, for small Lewis numbers, an important level of separation is maintained for any Ha located below the optimal value of the latter parameter.
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Shah, Aatif Ali, Youngmin Yoo, Ahrumi Park, Young Hoon Cho, You-In Park, and Hosik Park. "Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Gravity-Driven Oil/Water Separation." Membranes 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040382.
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Fabrication of highly efficient oil/water separation membranes is attractive and challenging work for the actual application of the membranes in the treatment of oily wastewater and cleaning up oil spills/oil leakage accidents. In this study, hydrophilic poly(ethylene-co-polyvinyl alcohol) (EVOH) nanofiber membranes were made using an electrospinning technique for oil/water separation. The as-prepared EVOH electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) exhibited a super-hydrophilic property (water contact angle 33.74°) without further treatment. As prepared, ENMs can provide continuous separation of surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions with high efficiency (i.e., flux 8200 L m−2 h−1 (LMH), separation efficiency: >99.9%). In addition, their high stability (i.e., reusable, mechanically robust) would broaden the conditions under which they can be employed in the real field oil/water separation applications. Various characterization techniques (including morphology investigation, pore size, porosity, mechanical properties, and performance test) for gravity-driven oil/water separation were employed to evaluate the newly prepared EVOH ENMs.
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Redford, John A., and Mark W. Johnson. "Predicting Transitional Separation Bubbles." Journal of Turbomachinery 127, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1860573.
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This paper describes the modifications made to a successful attached flow transition model to produce a model capable of predicting both attached and separated flow transition. This transition model is used in combination with the Fluent CFD software, which is used to compute the flow around the blade assuming that it remains entirely laminar. The transition model then determines the start of transition location and the development of the intermittency. These intermittency values weight the laminar and turbulent boundary layer profiles to obtain the resulting transitional boundary layer parameters. The ERCOFTAC T3L test cases are used to validate the predictions. The T3L blade is a flat plate with a semi-circular leading edge, which results in the formation of a separation bubble the length of which is strongly dependent on the transition process. Predictions were performed for five T3L test cases for differing free-stream turbulence levels and Reynolds numbers. For the majority of these test cases the measurements were accurately predicted.
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Sibirev, A. V., A. S. Dorokhov, and A. G. Aksenov. "Substantiation of constructive and technological parameters of a cylindrical cleaner of soil impurities of onion harvester." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 85, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66416.
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A special feature of harvesting onion is that the composition of the impurities of the onion-soil heap coming from digging up to the separating working organs is soil lumps commensurate in size with onion bulbs, which are difficult to separate into slit (bar elevators, screens) working organs. Secondary separation of onion on the most common secondary separation devices - pinholes - is restrained by the heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of the harvested onions. In well-ripened onions with dead tops the roll-off angles are clearly separated from the rolling-off angles of plant and small soil impurities, but when the undersized tops are separated, it is difficult to separate bulbs and impurities from the paltry hill. The separation of root crops and onions from impurities in mechanical separators is based on the physico-mechanical properties of the interacting products: friction coefficients, surface shape factors, speed recovery coefficients, mass, density and strength characteristics. This circumstance is caused by the fact that the excretion of soil lumps on the slit working bodies (rod conveyors and screens) occurs according to dimensional features and this does not lead to the solution of the existing problem: the separation of soil lumps commensurate in size with onion bulbs. The article presents the design of a cylindrical soil purifier that ensures the maximum completeness of separation of a heap of onions from soil impurities, including from commensurate soil lumps. The results of theoretical studies of a cylindrical soil purifier on the substantiation of structural and process parameters during the separation of onion-seed heap from soil impurities are presented.
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Xiong, Liu, Liang Jianhan, and Wang Yi. "Research on the effect of cowl lip angle on the accelerating start process of a two-dimensional hypersonic inlet." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 230, no. 14 (August 6, 2016): 2615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016629691.
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The effect of the cowl lip angle on the accelerating start process of a hypersonic inlet was investigated. A self-sustaining mechanism of the large-scale separation zone in the start process was studied. The inlet was a simplified, two-dimensional, one-side converging, hypersonic inlet. The movements of the large-scale separation zone of different cowl lip angles were compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) Cowl lip angle influences the startability of a two-dimensional hypersonic inlet dramatically. With the same contraction ratio, the start Mach number of different cowl lip angles varies. First, it decreases to a minimum value at 4°, and then increases. (2) Large-scale separation zones are the common features of all cowl lip angles in unstart status. Their different development is the main cause of the different start characteristics. (3) The pressure stress is the main factor of the balance of the large-scale separation zone, and the viscous shear stress around it is of little impact. (4) The separation zone sustains itself mainly by the reflection shock of separation shock at the upper wall which is movable and adaptive with the change of Mach number. This is the reason that the separation zone gets a new balance when the incoming flow condition changes.
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SHEVCHENKO, Igor, Elchyn ALIIEV, Gintas VISELGA, and Jan Radek KAMINSKI. "Modeling Separation Process for Sunflower Seed Mixture on Vibro-Pneumatic Separators." Mechanics 27, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.mech.27647.
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Aim of the research is to increase the efficiency of the mechanical and technological process of separation of sunflower seed mixture on vibro-pneumatic separators, the principle of which is based on the interaction of seed flow with the surface having fluctuation-type vibration load by substantiating their efficient processing and technological parameters. A system of differential equations of sunflower seeds motions, as a granular gas, under the action of a vibrating surface was developed, taking into account the elastic-damping interaction and physical and mechanical properties of seeds. The presented system of differential equations is the basis of the physical and mathematical means of numerical modeling of this process, which was implemented in the software package STAR-CCM +. To build physical and mathematical models, it was assumed that sunflower seeds are presented in the form of ellipsoids with a certain density and effective diameter. As a result of numerical simulation of the process of moving sunflower seeds under the action of a vibrating sieve, dependences of the change in total concentration θ and productivity q on seed supply Q, sieve angle α, sieve frequency ψ and sieve amplitude A were obtained. As a result of numerical simulation of the process of moving sunflower seeds under the action of a vibrating surface, dependences of the change of filling factor χ, distribution coefficient δ and productivity q on seed supply Q, vibration surface angles α and β, oscillation frequency ψ, oscillation amplitude A and set air velocity V were obtained. Theoretical provisions were implemented and tested in the development of an adaptive vibrating screen separator of sunflower seeds (Ukrainian patent #120235).
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Primak, V. N., Yu A. Tsarev, and A. Yu Popov. "Criterial models of the stem separation process when harvesting rice." E3S Web of Conferences 126 (2019): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912600009.
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The problem of determining the influence of several major environmental factors on the value of grain losses during rice stem separation by a vibratory grain divider is considered. It makes it possible to establish the grain loss dependences upon varying the divider's parameters obtained for polynomial and criterial models, as well as enables to confirm the advantage and feasibility of using a vibratory grain divider on windrowers for rice harvesting. The criterion equations of the stem separation process by a vibratory grain divider are developed and the dependences of the change in the loss values behind the divider when cutting upright and lodged rice are obtained. They confirm the results of statistical studies, but to a greater extent illustrate information about the stem separation process. For this research, a classical theory of similarity and modeling was used, which made it possible to develop a model construction method taking into account physical and mechanical properties of plants when they are cut with windrowers on upright and lodged agricultural backgrounds with losses in the divider zone and under the windrow in the harvest field.
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Pan, Yayue, Haiyang He, Jie Xu, and Alan Feinerman. "Study of separation force in constrained surface projection stereolithography." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 2 (March 20, 2017): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-12-2015-0188.
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Purpose Recently, the constrained surface projection stereolithography (SL) technology is gaining wider attention and has been widely used in the 3D printing industry. In constrained surface projection SL systems, the separation of a newly cured layer from the constrained surface is a historical technical barrier. It greatly limits printable size, process reliability and print speed. Moreover, over-large separation force leads to adhesion failures in manufacturing processes, causing broken constrained surface and part defects. Against this background, this paper investigates the formation of separation forces and various factors that affect the separation process in constrained surface projection SL systems. Design/methodology/approach A bottom-up projection SL testbed, integrated with an in-situ separation force measurement unit, is developed for experimental study. Separation forces under various manufacturing process settings and constrained surface conditions are measured in situ. Additionally, physical models are constructed by considering the liquid resin filling process. Experiments are conducted to investigate influences of manufacturing process settings, constrained surface condition and print geometry on separation forces. Findings Separation forces increase linearly with the separation speed. The deformation and the oxygen inhibition layer near the constrained surface greatly reduce separation forces. The printing area, area/perimeter ratio and the degree of porousness of print geometries have a combined effect on determining separation forces. Originality/value This paper studied factors that influence separation force in constrained surface SL processes. Constrained surface conditions including oxygen inhibition layer thickness, deformation and oxygen permeation capability were investigated, and their influences on separation forces were revealed. Moreover, geometric factors of printing layers that are significant on determining separation forces have been identified and quantified. This study on separation forces provides a solid base for future work on adaptive control of constrained surface projection SL processes.
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Bergen, A., P. M. Wild, N. Djilali, and G. W. Vickers. "Fundamental aspects of centrifugal membrane separation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 215, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440890121500407.
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A new membrane filtration process which uses the dynamic environment created on board a centrifuge rotor to enhance the performance of the separation process is described. Centrifugal membrane separation (CMS) combines the energy savings associated with centrifugal reverse osmosis (CRO) with the natural alleviation of concentration polarization and fouling due to the dynamic environment. A research centrifuge was constructed to compare the CMS process directly with a conventional process. An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the effects of centripetal and Coriolis acceleration on membrane performance. A description of the apparatus and the experimental results for various membrane orientations are presented. Significant reduction in the fouling rate and virtual elimination of concentration polarization have been shown.
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Tateno, Michio, Taiki Yanagishima, and Hajime Tanaka. "Microscopic structural origin behind slowing down of colloidal phase separation approaching gelation." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 8 (February 28, 2022): 084904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080403.
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The gelation of colloidal particles interacting through a short-range attraction is widely recognized as a consequence of the dynamic arrest of phase separation into colloid-rich and solvent-rich phases. However, the microscopic origin behind the slowing down and dynamic arrest of phase separation remains elusive. In order to access microscopic structural changes through the entire process of gelation in a continuous fashion, we used core–shell fluorescent colloidal particles, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and a unique experimental protocol that allows us to initiate phase separation instantaneously and gently. Combining these enables us to track the trajectories of individual particles seamlessly during the whole phase-separation process from the early stage to the late arresting stage. We reveal that the enhancement of local packing and the resulting formation of locally stable rigid structures slow down the phase-separation process and arrest it to form a gel with an average coordination number of z = 6–7. This result supports a mechanical perspective on the dynamic arrest of sticky-sphere systems based on the microstructure, replacing conventional explanations based on the macroscopic vitrification of the colloid-rich phase. Our findings illuminate the microscopic mechanisms behind the dynamic arrest of colloidal phase separation, the emergence of mechanical rigidity, and the stability of colloidal gels.
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Evseev, N. S., and I. A. Zhukov. "EFFECT OF TURBULENT PULSATIONS ON THE FRACTIONAL SEPARATION OF FINE POWDERS OF METAL NITRIDES." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Matematika i mekhanika, no. 72 (2021): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988621/72/6.
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This paper presents a numerical study of a two-phase swirling turbulent flow in a separation element of a vortex chamber. The paper considers a process of fractional separation in the separation chamber with three particular features in its design. The main feature is the separation mobile element located at the outlet of the separation area. Changes in the position of this element can affect the boundary size and the sharpness of the separation. The second feature of the considered separation chamber is the presence of a rotating element along the vertical axis. This element helps to align the field of the circumferential velocity component. The third feature of this chamber is the presence of a branch pipe for the auxiliary gas flow supply intended to push the particles away from the chamber wall and to blow the separated particles in order to prevent them from agglomeration. In this work, the trajectories of the motion of fine nitride particles are calculated taking into account the turbulent diffusion effect. A possibility to control the boundary size of the particles, when moving the separation element located at the outlet of the vortex chamber, is demonstrated. Numerical study results show that the turbulent pulsations cause significant changes in the separation process and affect the boundary size and the sharpness of the separation.
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Zhao, Xiangyu, Chunjuan Zhao, Jiale Li, Yongliang Guan, Shanbo Chen, and Lei Zhang. "Research on Design, Simulation, and Experiment of Separation Mechanism for Micro-Nano Satellites." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 13, 2022): 5997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125997.
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The separation mechanism is a critical device that transports and releases satellites during launch and on-orbit. However, as satellites become smaller and more compact, the traditional belt-locking device or pyrotechnic release and separation device cannot meet the micro-nano satellite’s separation requirements. A novel separation mechanism kinematic system was designed, analyzed, and experimentally verified to achieve non-interference and non-pyrotechnic separation of the satellites from the launch vehicle while maintaining the initial separation attitude. First, an overall structural strategy for the kinematics system was proposed based on the MF (product code of the satellite) satellite’s structural properties. The structural characteristics of the separation mechanism were also confirmed by the principle of energy conservation. Then, a finite element model and a dynamic model of the kinematic coupling system between the MF satellite and the separation mechanism during launch and deployment were constructed, along with an analysis of the mechanical characteristics and a kinematic simulation. Finally, the mechanical characteristics and dependability of the separation mechanism were verified using a ground vibration test and a separation test. The prototype test results demonstrate that the separation process is essentially identical to the numerical simulation results and that the MF satellite can be deployed successfully without interference, with the MF satellite’s initial separation attitude fully satisfying the designed technical indexes.
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Bui, Van-Tien, Van-Toan Nguyen, Ngoc-Anh Nguyen, Reddicherla Umapathi, Liudmila L. Larina, Jong Heon Kim, Hyun-Suk Kim, and Ho-Suk Choi. "Multilayered PVDF-HFP Porous Separator via Phase Separation and Selective Solvent Etching for High Voltage Lithium-Ion Batteries." Membranes 11, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010041.
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The development of highly porous and thin separator is a great challenge for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the inevitable safety issues always caused by poor mechanical integrity and internal short circuits of the thin separator must be addressed before this type of separator can be applied to lithium-ion batteries. Here, we developed a novel multilayer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) membrane with a highly porous and lamellar structure, through a combination of evaporation-induced phase separation and selective solvent etching methods. The developed membrane is capable of a greater amount of electrolyte uptake and excellent electrolyte retention resulting from its superior electrolyte wettability and highly porous structure, thereby offering better electrochemical performance compared to that of a commercial polyolefin separator (Celgard). Moreover, benefiting from the layered configuration, the tensile strength of the membrane can reach 13.5 MPa, which is close to the mechanical strength of the Celgard type along the transversal direction. The elaborate design of the multilayered structure allows the fabrication of a new class of thin separators with significant improvements in the mechanical and electrochemical performance. Given safer operation, the developed multilayer membrane may become a preferable separator required for high-power and high-energy storage devices.
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Zheng, Jun, Guoqing Zhou, Yuliang Zhou, Dongfeng Yuan, and Tielin Zhao. "Bed Separation Characteristics of an LTCC Panel and Subsidence Controlling Grouting: Case Study of Longquan Coal Mine, China." Shock and Vibration 2022 (February 3, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3837625.
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The bed separation backfill grouting (BSBG) is commonly used to mitigate the surface subsidence caused by coal mining. The distribution characteristics of bed separation and its dynamic evolving process are crucial for BSBG design. This paper utilizes the continuum-discontinuum element method (CDEM) to study the distribution characteristics of bed separation for a longwall top coal caving (LTCC) panel of Longquan coal mine. Numerical results indicate that in addition to the bed separation below the primary key stratum, several small bed separations may also occurred in the strata between the primary key stratum and the subordinate key stratum. The bed separations in the overburden could be classified into three classes: the upper bed separation, the middle bed separation, and the lower bed separation. The upper bed separation has the longest duration time, and the middle bed separation has the shortest duration time. And the BSBG should be started before the closure of the middle bed separation. Based on the actual geological information, the BSBG scheme for 4203 LTCC panel is proposed to mitigate the surface subsidence by taken the results of numerical simulation into consideration. In addition, the case study of the BSBG is introduced in detail. By using gangue power slurry, BSBG could not only effectively mitigate the surface subsidence but also solve the problems of environmental pollution and land occupation caused by traditional gangue stacking. The present study could provide technical support for surface subsidence mitigation and coal gangue disposal for LTCC mining with similar conditions.
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Kozlov, Alexey M., and Valeryan N. Blinichev. "VIBRATION PNEUMATIC SEPARATION OF MILLED PRODUCT OF RUBBER-FIBRE-WASTE." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 6 (June 6, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186106.5650.
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This work is devoted to the problem of vibration pneumatic separation of milled product of rubber-fibre waste. It is established that worn rubber products are a valuable secondary raw material. We studied the mechanical technology for the processing of rubber products, based on the processes of multistage grinding with an initial removing the bead wire and steel cord. The analysis showed that the most simple and qualitative way of separating of crumb rubber is vibration pneumatic separation. A separation of crushed rubber waste on the vibrating table with the use of air blowing of the textile component will allow separating of dissimilar particles of the initial mixture as efficiently as possible. The operation of the vibro-pneumatic separator is influenced by many factors, including the angle of inclination of the vibrating table, the amplitude of its oscillations, as well as the magnitude of the aerodynamic lifting force of the air flow. We have conducted research to identify the impact of these factors on the efficiency of sieving and purity of the crumb rubber of different fractions at the outlet. The aim of this work is to study the process vibration pneumatic separation of rubber-cord compound and the development of its hardware design. To achieve this aim the following tasks were set and solved: development of a new modernized system; determination of dependencies between the rate of transport of rubber-cord compound, the angle of inclination of the vibrating table and the amplitude-frequency characteristics; obtaining the calculated dependencies allowing to determine the velosity of entrainment of the cord fibers and crumb rubber.Forcitation:Kozlov А.М., Blinichev V.N. Vibration pneumatic separation of milled product of rubber-fibre-waste. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 6. P. 96-102
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Sutejo, Agus, Mardjan Suro Sutrisno, Hermawan Wawan, and Desrial Desrial. "KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK FISIK, MEKANIK DAN AERODINAMIK DAUN TEH HASIL PETIKAN YANG TELAH DILAYUKAN." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v9i3.171-183.
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The design of the wilted tea stalk and leaf separation system aims to improve the quality of the tea produced especially by separating the tea leaves and stalks at the beginning of the process. Stages that are needed to be done include designing a chopper machine that is capable of chopping tea stems and leaves to a certain size and designing stem and leaf separation system with the pneumatic principle with suction. In this study, physical, mechanical and aerodynamic characteristics of tea leaves were measured. The result showed that force to release a leaf is in the range of values between 12.24-16.17 N smaller than the need for the cutting force of the stem and leaves and the greatest difference in force is achieved at a water content between 55 and 58% bb (leaves) and 66-68% bb (stalk). The leaf terminal velocity is <3 m s-1 while the tea terminal velocity is > 9 m s-1. Tea leaf yield value is very important as a reference in testing the performance of tea and tea leaf separator machines where the average leaf yield is 77.33% and the average stem yield is 22.67%. Keywords: characteristic of tea leaves, engineering, separation of tea leaves, withering of tea leaves
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Wang, Gang, Yimeng Yao, Jingtian Wang, Fei Yang, Honghao Yue, and Yuliang Zhang. "Design of point-type heavy load connection and low impact separation mechanism based on energy flow analysis." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 12 (December 2022): 168781322211268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221126853.
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In this paper, based on the development of the non-pyrotechnic low impact connection and separation device for heavy load connection of large space vehicles, the design method of connection and separation device is studied. The traditional heavy load connection separation device has a strong loading capacity, but the release of system energy will cause a huge impact during separation. This paper considers the transfer of impact energy in the mechanism design process, reduces separation impact based on energy flow analysis. Based on the analysis of the DOF (Degree of Freedom) constraint function of the separation system and the working requirements of the separation mechanism, the movability model of separation system was established. According to the research on DOF constraints and release, the key of force constraints in DOF constraints of the separation mechanism is obtained, and the separation mechanism that can implement the force constraints and release is analyzed. Furthermore, based on the energy flow analysis of the separation mechanism, the design method of the low impact separation mechanism is proposed, obtained a non-self-locking thread pair connection separation mechanism. The effectiveness of the design method was verified by the energy conversion analysis of the separation mechanism.
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Lee, Sooyoung, Sunghyun Uhm, Minhye Seo, Minseok Lee, and Sungsu Cho. "Highly Efficient Mechanical Separation Process for the Recycling of Waste Jelly-Filled Communication Cables." Journal of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling 25, no. 3 (June 30, 2016): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2016.25.3.37.
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Borgogno, Monica, Yara Husein, Giulia Secci, Stefano Masi, and Giuliana Parisi. "Technological and nutritional advantages of mechanical separation process applied to three European aquacultured species." LWT 84 (October 2017): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.05.068.
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Gleiss, Marco, Simon Hammerich, Michael Kespe, and Hermann Nirschl. "Development of a Dynamic Process Model for the Mechanical Fluid Separation in Decanter Centrifuges." Chemical Engineering & Technology 41, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201700113.
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