Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanical separation process'

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanical separation process"

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Rza Behbudov, Shahin Ismayilov, Rza Behbudov, Shahin Ismayilov. "DETERMINATION OF THE INSIDE DIAMETER AND CAPACITY OF A VERTICAL GRAVITY SEPARATOR." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 17, no. 06 (May 18, 2022): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei17062022-175.

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The article provides a brief analysis of the internal diameter and capacity of a vertical gravity separator. The process of separation should be understood as the process of separating the solid, liquid and vapor phases in a stream. Devices in which liquid and solid phases are separated from gas are called separators. Separators used in gas condensate mines are divided into classes according to their different qualities. Separators are divided into the following types (classes) according to their purpose: a) working separators; b) measuring separators. Separators are cylindrical and spherical according to their geometric shapes. Separators are vertical, horizontal and inclined depending on their position in space. Due to the phase separation, the separators are of mechanical, liquid and electric type. Mechanically operated separators that separate phase separations according to their strength are divided into gravitational, centrifugal and filter-sensitive (separating). Keywords: vertical, gravitational, separation, steam, measuring separators, horizontal
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Brăcăcescu, Carmen, Ioan Ţenu, Costin Mircea, and George Bunduchi. "Experimental research on influence of functional parameters of combined installations designed at separating the impurities out of cereal seeds." E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911203004.

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The paper presents the experimental installation, the methodology and measuring apparatus used for experimental research of qualitative indexes of impurities separation out of grain seeds for combined separating systems (according to specific weight and aerodynamic properties of seeds). The experimental installation used was composed of a gravimetric separator with mechanical shaker with unbalanced masses (mounted on the platform working surface) and an aspiration installation with fan. The experimental research has aimed at quantitative and qualitative influence on separation quality index of the following operating parameters: material flow rate of shaking separator, the air flow of aspiration installation, tilting work surface, work surface oscillation amplitude. Based on data obtained by measurements and qualitative indicators the separating process indexes have been determined, namely: degree of impurities separation, degree of good seeds loss, as well as, the separation quality index for different types of combinations of separation installation parameters.
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Rebot, Dariya, and Artom Babii. "Influence of the velocity of the medium layer on its dynamicparameters in the process of vibration separation." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 8, no. 2 (2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2022.02.033.

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A review of recent research in the field of vibration separation of bulk media has been done. It was found that the productivity of the separation process is influenced not only by the design characteristics of the vibrating separator, in particular the length, angle and capacity of the working housing, but also the dynamic processes that occur in bulk medium during separation. The efficiency of the separation process significantly depends on the mutual influence of the velocity of the bulk medium along the separator sieve and its amplitude-frequency characteristics. Based on the review, the relevance of further study of these parameters was established. Using the methods of nonlinear mechanics, a mathematical model of the motion of the layer of bulk medium on the sieve of the vibrating separator was built. The layer of bulk medium was modeled by an elastic beam, which is in contact elastically, rigidly, or as hinged. Graphical dependences of the influence of the frequency of external perturbation and the velocity of the bulk medium along the sieve of the separator on its oscillation amplitude were obtained. The obtained mathematical model and graphical dependences showed that small velocities of the medium layer lead to an increase in the amplitude of oscillations of the bulk medium and a decrease in its frequency of oscillations, which increases the permeability of medium particles and increases the productivity of the separation process. The obtained researches allow us to increase the efficiency of the separation process, to regulate the processes that take place in the bulk medium and to increase the speed of its passage through the sieve openings. The constructed mathematical model can serve as a basis for further studies of the influence of changes in the physical and mechanical characteristics of the bulk medium on its dynamic parameters in the process of vibration separation.
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Ogawa, Akira. "Mechanical Separation Process and Flow Patterns of Cyclone Dust Collectors." Applied Mechanics Reviews 50, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 97–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3101697.

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A cyclone dust collector (called herein a cyclone) is applied in many industrial fields, for example, powder technology, combustion chambers, various chemical plants, etc. Until now, there are many types of cyclones for the purpose of separation of solid particles; however generally-speaking, the following types of the cyclone are typical: returned flow or reversed flow type, axial flow type, and rotary flow cyclone with tangential injection of the second gas flow to the cyclone body. In order to understand the performance of the cyclone and the problems of turbulent rotational flow and the separation mechanism for solid particles, this review article describes the flow pattern and distribution of the tangential velocity for pure gas flow and for dust laden gas flow, which are most important factors for estimating the pressure drop and the separation characteristics of the solid particles, and also the mechanical separation process in the centrifugal flow field. This review article includes 162 references.
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Remiorz, Leszek, Sebastian Rulik, and Sławomir Dykas. "Numerical modeling of CO2 separation process." Archives of Thermodynamics 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoter-2013-0003.

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Abstract Paper presents the results of numerical modelling of a rectangular tube filled with a mixture of air and CO2 by means of the induced standing wave. Assumed frequency inducing the acoustic waves corresponds to the frequency of the thermoacoustic engine. In order to reduce the computational time the engine has been replaced by the mechanical system consisting of a piston. This paper includes the results of model studies of an acoustic tube filled with a mixture of air and CO2 in which a standing wave was induced.
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Wang, Lin, Chong Xie, Zhimin Wang, and Kexu Chen. "Optimization analysis and Field application of gas-liquid cyclone separator based on CFX." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 9 (September 2022): 168781322211199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221119951.

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At present, large and cumbersome gravity sedimentation separators are generally used in the separation of liquid and gas in the wellbore during emergency blowout or circulating degassing in drilling, and innovation and improvement are urgently needed. In this paper, CFX commercial simulation software is used to analyze the cut-in cyclone separator, and the axial inlet type cyclone separator with different length ratios of cylinder-cone section in swirling flow section under different flow channel structures, and carried out indoor simulation and field test verification. The results show that the axial inlet type cyclone separator is more suitable for gas-liquid separation than the cut-in cyclone separator, and the separation can be well improved by increasing the length-diameter ratio of the cyclone section under the cut-in cyclone separator structure. Finally, the experimental separation efficiency reached 99%, and the field test separation efficiency reached more than 98%. This greatly improves the separation efficiency of liquid and gas during the drilling process, and also plays a certain role in promoting the separation of gas and liquid in the entire oil and gas industry.
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Mohd Saman, Alias, Tatsuaki Furumoto, and . "Evaluation of Separating Process for Different Materials by Thermal Stress Cleaving Technique." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.27 (November 30, 2018): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.27.22507.

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This paper aims to evaluate the separating process of brittle materials by thermal stress cleaving technique. This process is suitable for separating thin brittle materials such as sapphire and silicon wafer, which are sensitive to force. Both materials were used largely in microelectronics, solar cells and micro-mechanical industries that require precise machining. Finite element method was used to evaluate a steady state thermal stress by considering the temperature transient during laser irradiation process. The heat source was assigned according to the laser energy absorption characteristics of the materials. Stress intensity factor was analyzed to determine the starts of separation process. The results show that CO2 laser energy was absorbed on the surface of the sapphire material as compared proportionated absorption of Nd:YAG laser energy on silicon material. Due to thermal stress generated by the laser beam, material separation was start. Fracture begins at the bottom surface of sapphire wafer compared to fracture initiation at the prepared groove for silicon wafer. The material separation can be controlled when it begins at the groove. Hence, better surface finished can be achieved.
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Gasper, Paul, Joshua Hines, Jean-Paul Miralda, Ricardo Bonhomme, Jerome Schaufeld, Diran Apelian, and Yan Wang. "Economic Feasibility of a Mechanical Separation Process for Recycling Alkaline Batteries." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 16, no. 4 (October 4, 2013): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v16i4.157.

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Spent primary alkaline batteries present an unused source of secondary metals in Europe and the US, with at least 300,000 metric tons of batteries being landfilled each year. While battery recycling programs exist, current hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes are not profitable when used for dedicated alkaline battery recycling, so industry growth is difficult. A novel mechanical separation process consisting of shredding, baking, magnetic separation, and specific gravity separation was developed to recycle one metric ton per hour of alkaline batteries at lower cost than current methods, while being environmentally beneficial. Financial analysis was conducted using a Process-Based Cost Model to address the challenges of modeling a recycling process. At full capacity, the cost to recycle alkaline batteries via the developed process is $529 per metric ton, +/- 25%, not including transportation, with revenue of $383 per metric ton. This cost is lower than that of other reported processes, but is still not economically feasible. With supplemental revenue of $0.3 per kg, which could come from various sources, the return on investment can occur in just under 3 years. The low value of alkaline battery recovery material is identified as the most significant economic barrier for the recycling.
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Abe´, H., M. Saka, S. Ohba, and T. Hashida. "Does the Process Zone Control Crack Growth?" Applied Mechanics Reviews 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3119765.

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Fracture toughness tests were carried out by using small compact tension specimens of Westerly granite. Relation between the load-line displacement and the initial crack-tip separation changed from linear to nonlinear and then to linear again with increasing loading. The onset of the main crack growth was found to occur in a loading level at which the relation was nonlinear. This result disclosed that the onset of main crack growth in granite occurred without experience of the complete area under the tension-softening curve. The critical value of the initial crack-tip separation for onset of the main crack growth was obtained independently of the initial notch length. Also monitoring of the growth of the fracture process zone by ultrasonic technique showed that its length related with the crack-tip separation independently of the initial notch length. By combining the results just mentioned, it was concluded that the fracture process zone controlled the onset of the main crack growth.
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Gao, Dawei, Chenhui Hua, and Jiexiong Ding. "Research on excitation technology of high-throughput ultrasonic micro-separator based on micro-nano fabrication." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14, no. 5 (May 2022): 168781322210962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221096229.

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The excitation technology of ultrasonic standing wave field is the core key to realize ultrasonic separation. This paper analyzes the excitation technology of (1, 1) mode ultrasonic separation of high-throughput ultrasonic micro-separator. There are two main problems: the coexistence of multiple modes in the separation cavity and the insufficient acoustic radiation force. In order to solve these two problems, this paper uses integrated circuit micromachining technology to process the ultrasonic micro-separator. The depth dimension of the cavity reaches 200 ± 0.5 µm, and the verticality of the side wall of the cavity reaches 83.36°. The degree of SFPD (Site Focal Plane Deviation) is less than or equal to 0.25 µm. Besides, this paper proposes an excitation method of saw-tooth frequency sweep of two anti-phase acoustic drivers. Finally, the experiments of the separator processed by the processing method proposed in this paper shows that, the excitation method proposed in this paper can effectively excite the (1, 1) mode, and shortens the time for the pattern formation of particle convergence, which greatly improves the separation efficiency. The separation throughput (flow rate) in one single cavity in this work can reach to 100 µl/min. It provides an effective basis for ultrasonic micro-separation technology.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanical separation process"

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Gao, Ziyao. "Study of Shape Memory Polymer Composites from Polymerization Induced Phase Separation Process." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10681918.

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Polymer composites are taking the place of traditional materials in many fields. They are preferred in engineering structures due to the advantages in strength, stiffness, thermostability, corrosion resistance, and ductility at high temperatures. Study of PCL-based shape memory polymer composite can expand its application. And in order to fully understand SMP properties, a series of comprehensive testing is required.

Samples with different PCL percentages must be made by using a standard and optimized procedure to eliminate unwanted variables, and to ensure the amount of PCL in samples is the only variable.

The DSC test on the SMP samples shows that there are two transition phases. One is at 53 °C and indicated as PCL melting temperature; another one is at 138.5 °C, indicated to be the glass transition phase.

Shape memory behavior tests on the SMP samples show that the PCL-based polymer composite has significant shape recovery ability. The ability of recovery is proportional with the amount of PCL in the sample. And the recovery performance is shown in both strain and stress recovery.

The mechanical properties of SMP composite are determined by compression tests. Tests are performed on each specimen with different PCL percentages. The maximum compressive stress is higher in specimens that have a higher amount of PCL, and this result agrees with results from the shape memory test.

Finally, the SMP composites are observed with SEM. A unique globule structure is shown in the specimens regardless of their PCL percentages. This globule structure is totally different from the structure in pure epoxy. The reason for this difference is still unknown and needs to be determined with further research.

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Østensen, Ole Jørgen. "Upgrading off-grades from the silicon process : Increasing the silicon yield from Elkem Thamshavn using mechanical or metallurgical separation." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for kjemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18332.

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The aim of the thesis is to produce high grade silicon from off-grade materials like sculls and process slags from Elkem Thamshavn. The methods investigated are dense medium separation, optical separation, flotation and metallurgical separation by remelting. Dense medium separation trials are conducted using magnetite suspended in water and aim to find the suspension density where only one phase will float. Optical separation experiments are done to identify light intensity thresholds between refractories, silicon and slag. The viability of flotation without surface activators and at neutral pH are investigated by measuring the zeta potential of each phase. Remelting experiments are done, building on previous work by the author, with the aim of investigating whether adding CaO or MgO to the slag will increase the settling efficiency. No results were obtained in the DMS experiments, because the viscosity of the suspension increased to infinity before the density of either slag or silicon was reached. The flotation experiments showed that flotation is not viable at neutral pH without surface activators, as the zeta potential of slag and silicon is nearly identical. The optical separation experiments were a success. The product fraction had an average silicon content of 74 wt%, compared to 52 wt% in the original off-grade material, while the waste fraction contained 7.5 wt% silicon. The separation efficiency was best for coarser grains, which is the expected result based on theory. The remelting experiments concluded that adding CaO or MgO to the slag will increase the settling efficiency. This was established both by chemical analysis and by surface area analysis of slag samples from each experiment. MgO seemed to contribute more to the settling efficiency than CaO, but because of the large variance between samples, this is not conclusive. The quality of the produced silicon was unaffected or improved by adding CaO, but additions of MgO increased the magnesium content slightly.
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Hunt, Andrew Robert. "Numerical simulation of hydrothermal salt separation process and analysis and cost estimating of shipboard liquid waste disposal." Thesis, Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2986.

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CIVINS
Due to environmental regulations, waste water disposal for US Navy ships has become a requirement which impacts both operations and the US Navy's budget. In 2006, the cost for waste water disposal Navy-wide was 54 million dollars. There are many advanced waste water treatment technologies in the research and development stage at academic institutions, private corporations, and government labs. Additionally, considerable progress has been made in installing and operating unique waste water treatment systems onboard merchant and commercial vessels, showing that waste water treatment technologies are near the maturity level required for installation on US Navy ships. Installation and operations costs can be estimated from data collected from merchant ships, but the accompanying life cycle liquid disposal costs savings can be difficult to estimate. A cost estimator is presented which allows variations in ship's operational schedule and aids in determining the total life cycle savings, and the time for return on investment, when waste destruction technologies are installed in a class of ship. Additionally, the properties of one waste water destruction medium, supercritical water, are reviewed and its use in efficient and environmentally safe chemical processes are discussed. In particular, supercritical water is the medium of choice for the performance of a biomass to synthetic natural gas conversion process. The supercritical water is utilized to aid in a vital salt separation process which allows for efficient 4 hydrothermal gasification. Numerical simulations of the salt separation process are completed which help in understanding the flow properties. The results will aid in yielding an optimized salt separation process, improving the efficiency and viability of the conversion process.
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Zasadowski, Dariusz. "Selective Separation Of Wood Components In Internal Process Waters Originating From Mechanical Pulping." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-22244.

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Dissolved and Colloidal substances (DSC) and metals are released from woodduring thermomechanical pulp (TMP) production. These components have atendency to accumulate in process waters, as the water circulation systems inintegrated paper mills are closed. Disturbances such as pitch depositions in thepaper machine (pitch problems), specks in the paper, decreased wet and drystrength, interference with cationic process chemicals, and impaired sheetbrightness and friction properties appear when DSC are present. Transition metalions such as manganese results in higher consumption of bleaching chemicals(hydrogen peroxide) and lowers the optical quality of the final product, andaddition of complexing agents, such as EDTA or DTPA, to prevent this is needed.The never ending trends to decrease water consumption and increase processefficiency in pulp and paper production emphasizes that it is very important bothto know the effects of wood substances on pulping and papermaking and to beable to remove them in an efficient way. From a biorefinery point of view, DSCcomponents can be promising renewable raw materials for biofuels, bio‐basedchemicals and materials.In this thesis, a new approach using induced air flotation (IAF) without a cationicpolyelectrolyte addition for the removal of pitch and metal ions from mechanicalpulp mill process waters is presented. The induced air flotation of different processwaters is facilitated by the addition of a chelating surfactant and different foamingagents. The influence of the pH value, temperature and foaming agentconcentration on the flotation efficiency has been investigated. The investigations presented show that the disturbing components can be removed from TMP presswater to a high extent. A 90% decrease in turbidity and a 91% removal of lipophilicextractives (i.e. resin and fatty acids, triglycerides, sterols and steryl esters) fromunbleached and bleached TMP process water can be obtained by addition of acationic surfactant as foaming agent during flotation. Lower amount of foamingagent is needed to purify efficiently bleached TMP process water, than unbleached.Additionally, fibres located in TMP press water are not removed with the foamfraction but purified. A retained concentration of hydrophilic extractives (i.e.hemicelluloses and lignans) in the process water indicates that the flotation isselective. Moreover, by introduction of a new recoverable surface activecomplexing agent, a chelating surfactant, manganese ions in the form of chelatescan be successfully removed from the pulp fibres and separated from the processwater in the same flotation process. Furthermore, from the purified unbleachedTMP process water a 90% recovery of dissolved hemicelluloses by anti‐solventprecipitation was obtained.The findings presented above indicate new possibilities for the internal watercleaning stage to decrease DSC emissions to recipient and for recovery of valuableraw materials from purified process water if flotation technology is applied in anintegrated mechanical pulp mill.
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SECCI, GIULIA. "Lipid Oxidation in Fish and Fish Products of Interest for European Aquaculture." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1036029.

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This thesis is based on three main trials. The overall aim of the present PhD thesis was to investigate the effect of some infra vitam and post mortem factors on oxidative stability of fish muscle. Killing procedures, such as percussion, asphyxia in air, and asphyxia by carbon monoxide (CO) were tested. Moreover, the effect of the utilization of mechanical separation technique (MSM) on oxidative stability of fish muscle was also investigated. The first research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of slaughtering procedures on oxidative stress and oxidative stability of muscle of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuss mykiss). Specifically, asphyxia in air was utilized as stressful method whilst percussion as a no-stress one. Stress at slaughter was assessed both by nucleotides analysis of muscle and lipid mediators detection in fish plasma. Moreover, the overall aim was to verify if stress during slaughter is reflected by the presence of some oxidative biomarkers in plasma, and if such as stress may affect the oxidative stability of fish muscle during a long term frozen storage (-10 °C, 165 days). Results revealed that stress during slaughter can greatly influence oxidative stress and oxidative stability of rainbow trout fillets. In fact, asphyxia, which was the most stressful method, induced a higher production of some lipid mediators such as hydroperoxides and EPA-derived prostaglandins, such as 12-HpHEPE/15-HpHEPE and PGD3/PGE3. As a consequence, fillets derived from asphyxiated fish were less stable in terms of oxidative stability and showed lower shelf-life. In the second research, Atlantic salmon was utilized as target species in order to evaluate the effect of different stunning/killing procedures on lipid and cholesterol oxidation during 14 days of refrigerated storage. Carbon monoxide (CO) has been recently utilized as a new stunning/killing procedure for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), however no studies on its effect on fillets quality were previously performed. For this reason, lipid and cholesterol oxidation of fillets were evaluated at two times of refrigerated (2.5 °C) storage, T0 (64 h after death) and T14 (14 days from T0). The use of CO was compared with the percussion (P) method, considered as control. Results revealed that fatty acid profile, primary (conjugated dienes) and secondary (TBARS) oxidation products, cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and carotenoids were unaffected by the killing method. Despite the low oxidative status of lipids (0.66 and 0.60 mg malondialdehyde kg-1 muscle in P and CO fish, respectively), cholesterol was found to be highly oxidized (0.17 and 0.13 mg COPs kg-1). Moreover, storage was found to significantly affect the oxidative stability of fish muscle by increasing oxidation products. Interestingly, TBARS content doubled while the increase for COPs was not homogeneous: α- and β-epoxycholesterol increased by 25%, whereas triol and 7-ketocholesterol increased by 48 and 62% respectively. In conclusion, the quality of salmon fillets just after slaughtering and after 14 days of refrigerated storage at 2.5 °C did not change, irrespective of the killing method adopted, suggesting that the CO method may be applied without any detrimental effect on the quality of fish fillets. Nevertheless, storage time was confirmed to be a critical phase in order to maintain unaltered fish fillets quality. In the third study instead, the effect of a post mortem factor such as mechanical separation process for obtaining “mechanically separated meat” (MSM) from decapitated and eviscerated fish was studied. Mechanically separated meat has been utilized in certain meat and meat products, especially from pork, beef and chicken. This process however, is not so applied in European fish industries. The overall aim of this third research was to evaluate the effect of that process on physical and chemical properties of three species farmed in the European aquaculture as well as European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynkus mykiss). Specifically, MSM-burgers were compared with minced-burgers and whole fillets by evaluating colour, dienes, TBARS, and fatty acid profiles during storage.
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Husein, Yara. "Application of the Mechanical Separation Process in Different Fish Species for the Development of a New Product Based on Fish." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1152714.

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This PhD thesis is based on three main trials. The overall aim was to investigate the feasibility of using discard fish by adopting mechanical separation process to different fish species for creating new fish products (fish burgers). Different formulae of fish burgers were evaluated physically, chemically, nutritionally, and sensorily. The first research was conducted in order to investigate the impact of exploiting fish waste by mechanical separation process (MS) in order to produce ready-to-eat/cook foods based on fish. The aim was to evaluate the effect of MS process on physical and chemical characteristics, and on the nutritional value of the three farmed species: the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Specifically, mechanically separated meat (MSM) burgers were compared with manual minced-burgers and whole fillets by evaluating yield, colour, pH, dienes, proximate composition, fatty acid profiles, and mineral composition. Results revealed that rainbow trout showed the highest yield for both manually and mechanically separated meat (53 and 50 g/100 g, respectively). The yield of MS process of sea bass and sea bream was higher than the manual operation yield (42 and 45 g/100 g, respectively against 39 and 40 g/100 g). The proximate composition, pH, colour, and mineral compositions are differently affected by MS process in the different fish species. However, MS slightly increased water content in sea bream and trout (71.12, and 70.65 g/100 g, respectively against 68.05, and 68.11 g/100 g of fillets) and decreased minerals, especially in trout, which showed loss of Ca, Mg, Na, and P. Interestingly, the fatty acid profiles of whole fillet, MS burger, and minced burger did not change. In conclusion, the MS process enabled manufacturing products with good characteristics in terms of yield and maintained nutritional value. In the second research, non-directly marketable specimens of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were used in order to produce healthy clean label products, and to examine the instrumental, chemical and sensory properties of raw and cooked fish burger recipes obtained from MSM characterized by differences in the recipe composition. Consumer attention towards healthy and more natural foods and producer attempts to reduce food loss have become more popular nowadays. For this reason, shear stress, proximate composition, fatty acid composition, and sensory characteristics of four formulations of fish burgers were examined. The four formulae differed in the ratios of European sea bass to rainbow trout (50:50 and 30:70) and the ratios of fish to potato flakes (dry matter ratio, DMR: 2.5:1 and 1.5:1). Results showed that the sensory attributes were affected mostly by the potato content of fish burger, whereas the effect of sea bass to trout ratio was negligible. The recipes with higher DMR were related to sandy, crusty, and dry 13 features, salty taste and the flavour of raw fish, while the lower DMR recipes were distinguished by soft texture, and a starchy flavour and a flavour of fish cooked in the oven. Moreover, shear stress was unaffected by the different ratios of fish or potato flakes in raw and cooked burgers. However, raw burgers with lower DMR had higher moisture and ash, and lower protein content, while cooked burgers with lower DMR had higher moisture and lower protein content. Interestingly, the fatty acid profiles of the four cooked burger recipes were not significantly different, and a quantity of 100 g of burger provided more than the recommended daily intake of the essential fatty acids. In brief, development of ready-to-cook products based on under-utilized fish through four clean label recipes of high nutritional value and good sensory attributes was attained, irrespective of prevalence of rainbow trout over the more expensive sea bass, or using higher ratio of potato flakes. In the third study instead, two mechanically separated meat from two fish species, the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were used for obtaining fish burgers submitted to a frozen storage. Recently ready-to-cook fish products, which are generally marketed as frozen and need some culinary preparation, stimulated the fish consumption. Therefore, the target of this research was to study the effect of two recipes, distinguished by the ratios of European sea bass to rainbow trout (50:50 and 30:70), and storage duration at sub-zero temperatures for obtaining convenient, easy-to-prepare, and good quality products. Particularly, the physical, chemical, and nutritional properties of raw and cooked fish burger of different formulations were assessed during storage. Results revealed that raw recipes with more trout have higher moisture, shear stress, yellowness, and intense colour. Conversely, they have lower values of primary (conjugated dienes) and secondary (TBARS) oxidation products. On the other hand, cooked recipes with more trout have more moisture, but lower protein content, and higher water holding capacity, yellowness, and intense colour. Furthermore, storage was found to significantly affect the shear stress, water-holding capacity and colour in raw and cooked fish burgers, causing their values to decline at the end of the storage. Excitingly, the nutritional value of raw and cooked fish burgers was decent and was not altered by the different formulae and storage durations. The highest oxidative stability was obtained in fish burger containing a high proportion of rainbow trout, which could be a matter of importance for the seafood industry because to the lower economical value of this species than sea bass.
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Lusambo, Martin. "An integrated model of milling and flotation for the optimal recovery of sulphide ores at the Kansanshi mine." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26692.

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Kansanshi mine sulphide ore circuit did not achieve target flotation recovery in 2016, hence it was deemed necessary to carry out a research aimed at optimizing this circuit. The objective of the research was to optimise the Kansanshi milling and flotation circuit processing a copper sulphide ore. In line with this, samples were obtained around the circuit and processed in the laboratory for moisture content, slurry concentration, particle size distribution, and flotation response. This information was then used to build a computer-based model of the Kansanshi milling and flotation circuit. This was done in MODSIM®, a software package specialising in the design and simulation of mineral processing operations. After careful appraisal, appropriate models were selected for the semi autogenous grinding (SAG) and ball mills, SAG mill discharge screen, hydrocyclones, pebble crusher, and the flotation cells. The calibrated model was then used to simulate the effects of key operating parameters on flotation recovery. Analysis using the attainable region technique revealed that the SAG mill feed-rate should be adjusted from 1719 tph to 2090 tph. This would lead to a better utilisation of the pebble crusher that can process 358 tph of pebbles from the current 198 tph. From the simulation work, it was established that rougher flotation recovery can be improved from the current 80.0 % to 82.3 %. The technoeconomic benefits of the proposition are yet to be investigated. Findings from the research concluded that the milling circuit optimum operating parameter; which generated a final product falling predominantly in the range - 150 +38 μm were SAG and ball mills conditions of ball sizes 200 and 40mm respectively, ball mill ball filling 32% and rotational speed between 75 and 80% for both SAG and ball mills. The optimum hydrocyclone feed slurry concentration was found to be 62% solids. Additionally, the SAG mill discharge screen aperture size of 6 mm was the optimum. It must be noted that slurry concentration did not show any impact on both the SAG and ball mills performance. The SAG mill ball filling did not show any significant improvement on performance.
College of Engineering, Science and Technology
M. Tech. (Chemical Engineering)
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Books on the topic "Mechanical separation process"

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Beduneau, Gaëtan, Jean-Christophe M. Richard, and Laurent Brochard. Prolonged Respiratory Insufficiency and Ventilator Dependence in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0014.

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The process of separation or weaning from mechanical ventilation can be arbitrarily separated into three categories: (1) simple weaning when patients are separated from the ventilator after the first attempt of unsupported spontaneous breathing. This usually represents slightly more than half of the patients; (2) difficult weaning when up to three attempts or 1 week is necessary to successfully separate the patient from the ventilator; (3) prolonged weaning for the remaining patients. This last group represents between 6 and 20% of the ICU population arriving at the stage of weaning and carries a considerable human and economic cost. A global approach, including measures to optimize psychological status, nutritional support, and sleep, is essential in the management of these patients, and referral to specialized weaning centres may be helpful. Muscle weakness is a very frequent finding in patients undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation and may be worsened by excessive sedation, prolonged immobilization, and the use of controlled mechanical ventilation modes. It follows that approaches that include sedation sparing, early mobilization, and the transition to spontaneous breathing are likely to be beneficial.
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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanical separation process"

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Bowser, Timothy J. "Mechanical Separation Design." In Handbook of Food Process Design, 811–33. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444398274.ch29.

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Kumar Das, Susanta, and Madhusweta Das. "Mechanical and Membrane Separation Processes." In Fundamentals and Operations in Food Process Engineering, 209–78. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429058769-6.

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Dudarev, Igor, Vasyl Olkhovskyi, Svitlana Panasyuk, and Serhii Khomych. "Simulation of the Bulk and Granular Materials Separation Process in the Scissor Type Gravity Separator." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 218–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77823-1_22.

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Shigina, A. A., A. O. Shigin, and A. A. Stupina. "Property-Based Identification and Separation of Rocks in the Drilling Process and Shipment." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 845–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54817-9_98.

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Jena, Malaya Kumar, Jyotirmayee Mahanta, Manjula Manjari Mahapatra, Madhusmita Baliarsingh, and Subhabrata Mishra. "Recovery of Iron Values from Blast Furnace Gas Cleaning Process Sludge by Medium Intensity Magnetic Separation Method." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 449–54. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9057-0_48.

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Sklabinskyi, Vsevolod, Oleksandr Liaposhchenko, Ivan Pavlenko, Olha Lytvynenko, and Maryna Demianenko. "Modelling of Liquid’s Distribution and Migration in the Fibrous Filter Layer in the Process of Inertial-Filtering Separation." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 489–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93587-4_51.

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Gleiss, Marco, and Hermann Nirschl. "Dynamic Simulation of Mechanical Fluid Separation in Solid Bowl Centrifuges." In Dynamic Flowsheet Simulation of Solids Processes, 237–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45168-4_7.

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Coker, A. Kayode. "MECHANICAL SEPARATIONS." In Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants, 371–443. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075067766-0/50013-0.

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Bora, H. J. "Advanced Functional Membrane for CO2 Capture." In Advanced Functional Membranes, 267–314. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901816-9.

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The capture of carbon dioxide directly from the air has been shown a growing interest in the mitigation of greenhouse gases but remains controversial among the research community. Due to the high dilution factor of CO2 in air, simultaneously increases the energy requirement as well as the charge of the respective technology. Membrane/Thin film technology has been conceded as the most investigated as well as most appealing technology to attenuate carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The membrane and membrane process technique are found to be alluring and eco-friendly to mitigate the carbon due to its cost efficiency, low expenditure of energy as well as comprehensibility in operation. Traditionally, the materials are cast into dense membranes with a standard thickness and after the formation of the membranes, their applications such as carbon capture/separation are evaluated by commutation between permeability and selectivity. In present scenario, efficient separation of CO2 from other gases has become a worldwide issue. Coal/Natural/Flue gases are evolving as the primary source of CO2, so the capture of CO2 from the mentioned sources are extensively contemplated as the next opportunity for the large-scale deployment of gas separation membranes. Although, current researches indicate the advances in material process designs that can crucially enhance the membrane capture systems as well as the separation systems, which make membrane process technique contentious with other technologies present till date for carbon capture. The aforementioned application requires novel polymeric materials which have the ability for efficient carbon capture and possesses high CO2 separation properties from different mixed gases, along with high mechanical and thermal stability for a longer time. Herein, the present report precisely highlights the recent advancement on the membrane technology based on the functional materials and their applications in the field of CO2 capture.
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"Mechanical Separations." In Emphasizes how to apply techniques of process design and interpret results into mechanical equipment details, 224–87. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-8635(99)80005-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanical separation process"

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Liu, Zelong, Hongguang Jin, and Rumou Lin. "Exergy Analysis of Integration Between Air Separation Process and IGCC." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1340.

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Abstract Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is considered as one of the advanced clean coal power technologies. Here, we have investigated an IGCC with air separation unit (ASU) on the basis of exergy analysis, and clarified the distribution of exergy destruction in sub-systems including air separation unit, coal gasifier, coal gas clean-up unit, air compressor, combustor of gas turbine, gas turbine, heat recovery steam generation and steam turbine. Particularly, we have focused on the interaction between the ASU and the gas turbine (GT). The results obtained disclosed the significant role of the integration between air separation unit and air compressor in the GT, and the effect of nitrogen injection to the combustor on IGCC overall performance. The study also points out that larger exergy destruction take place in the processes of gasification, combustion in GT, and air separation, and so does the change of exergy destruction distribution with the air integration degree and the nitrogen injection ratio. We have demonstrated the potential for improving the IGCC system. This investigation will be valuable for the synthesis of next-generation IGCC.
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Fakheri, Ahmad. "Flow Separation." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12409.

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In thermal science courses, flow over curved objects, like cylinders or spheres are generally discussed qualitatively, followed by the presentation of numerical or experimental results for the drag coefficient, Nusselt number, and flow separation. Rarely, there is much discussion of how solutions are obtained. In this paper the flow separation is first introduced by solving the Falkner-Skan flow. The process for numerical solution of equations is presented to show that the flow separates at a plate angle of about −18°. Comparisons are drawn between this and flow over a cylinder. The non-similar boundary layer equations are then solved flow over a cylinder, using potential flow results for the velocity outside of the boundary layer. This solution shows that the flow separates at 103.5°, which is significantly more than the experimental value of 80°. Using a more realistic velocity for flow outside of the boundary layer, the numerical solution obtained predicts flow separation at an angle of 79°, which is close to the experimental results. All the solutions are obtained using spreadsheets that greatly simplify the analysis.
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Panchal, Jitesh H., Marco Gero Ferna´ndez, Janet K. Allen, Christian J. J. Paredis, and Farrokh Mistree. "Facilitating Meta-Design via Separation of Problem, Product, and Process Information." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80013.

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Different products necessitate different design processes. Determining which such process is most appropriate for a particular product, in turn, requires its delineation before the design of the product under consideration. The phase where design processes are composed is called meta-design. Despite its importance, current simulation-based design frameworks such as FIPER, ModelCenter, and iSIGHT do not support meta-design. This oversight can be attributed at least in part to the fact that these frameworks capture information about products, design processes, and the associated tools in a lumped fashion. Processes are captured in terms of the specific tools employed and the product information, associated with their use, thereby restricting the re-utilization (i.e., reuse via adaptation or customization) of instantiated processes for designing different products. This inherent inability to separate product and process information hinders the exploration of different design process options for designing a product at a fundamental level, thereby restricting meta-design. In order to address this challenge, we propose an approach for distinctly capturing and processing three key components of design related information - a) design problem, b) design process, and c)product. We term this approach, rooted in decision-based design, modularity, and separation of declarative and procedural information, 3-P. The modular separation of information associated with problem, product, and process enables designers to utilize existing knowledge, captured in the form of pre-defined process configurations, for more effectively designing a given product. The proposed approach facilitates the efficient exploration and reconfiguration of design processes, furnishing a much needed and essential basis for meta-design.
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Shuguang Zhu, Wenzhi He, Guangming Li, Xu Zhou, Juwen Huang, and Xiaojun Zhang. "Recovering copper from spent lithium ion battery by a mechanical separation process." In Environment (ICMREE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmree.2011.5930972.

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Kadaksham, J., P. Singh, and N. Aubry. "Particle Separation Using Dielectrophoresis." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43950.

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A numerical scheme based on the distributed Lagrange multiplier (DLM) method is used to simulate the process of separation of particles with different dielectric properties suspended in an electrorheological (ER) fluid and subjected to a nonuniform electric field. The dielectrophoresis induced separation of particles is possible only when the sign of Clausius-Mossoti factor for the particles is different, as in this case the dielectrophoretic force moves them to different regions of the device. The time required for separation of particle in simulations is larger than that given by an order or magnitude analysis because of the formation of particle chains which arise due to the dipole-dipole interactions among the particles and move much more slowly than isolated particles.
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Alkhamis, Nawaf, Ali Anqi, Dennis E. Oztekin, Abdulmohsen Alsaiari, and Alparslan Oztekin. "Gas Separation Using a Membrane." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62764.

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Computational fluid dynamics simulation will be conducted for multicomponent fluid flows in a channel containing spacers. The Navier-Stokes equation and the species transport equations are solved for various values of Reynolds numbers. The membrane will be modeled as a functional surface, where the membrane fluxes of each component will be determined based on the local partial pressures of each species, the permeability and the selectivity of the membrane. Laminar flow modeling is employed for the flow inside the channel without the spacers; while k-ω turbulent modeling is used to simulate the flow inside the channel with the spacer, for Re = 100, 150 and 200. The spacers are placed in an inline arrangement. The presence of spacers in the channel improves the membrane performance at Re = 200. The effects of the spacer on the separation process at low flow speeds (Re = 100 and 150) are negligible. The performance of the system will be measured by the maximum mass separation with minimal friction losses.
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Wallner, Thomas W., Andrew D. Oliver, and Paul L. Bergstrom. "Scribe-and-Break for Post Release MEMS Die Separation." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61667.

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We describe a post release die separation process for polysilicon surface micromachines using a combination of diamond scribing and breaking. The process resulted in yields above 80% for two types of electrostatic actuators. The paper describes the experimental apparatus and optimization of the process using a four parameter design of experiments. We determined that the two key parameters in the scribe-and-break process are the scribe force and the scribe angle. We also examined the theory of crack creation during the scribing process and determined experimentally that the crack depth in silicon is consistent with the theory developed for the scribing of glass.
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Zhu, Junjie, Tzuen-Rong Jeremy Tzeng, and Xiangchun Schwann Xuan. "Dielectrophoretic Separation of Microparticles in Curved Microchannels." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11885.

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Particle (both biological and synthetic) separation is important for a wide range of applications in industry, biology, and medicine. In microfluidic devices particles have been separated based on either extrinsic labels (e.g., fluorescence- and magnetic-activated sorting) or intrinsic properties (e.g., size, charge, density, etc.). The latter may take place in a batchwise or continuous-flow process. The batch-process separation typically includes filtration, chromatography, and electrophoresis. In the continuous-flow separation, an external force field (e.g., acoustic, electrical, magnetic, and optical, etc.) acts on particles at an angle to the flow direction and deflects them to different flow paths [1]. Here we introduce a continuous particle separation technique in electrokinetic flow through curved microchannels. This separation results from the cross-stream dielectrophoretic motion induced by channel curvatures [2]. It eliminates the use of in-channel micro-electrodes or micro-obstacles that are required in present dielectrophoresis-based particle separation techniques [3].
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Abutayeh, Mohammad, D. Yogi Goswami, and Elias K. Stefanakos. "Sustainable Desalination Process Simulation." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37182.

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Experimental and theoretical simulations of a novel sustainable desalination process have been carried out. The simulated process consists of pumping seawater through a solar heater before flashing it under vacuum in an elevated chamber. The vacuum is passively created and then maintained by the hydrostatic balance between pressure inside the elevated flash chamber and outdoor atmospheric pressure. The experimental simulations were carried out using a pilot unit built to depict the proposed desalination system. Theoretical simulations were performed using a detailed computer code employing fundamental physical and thermodynamic laws to describe the separation process, complimented by experimentally based correlations to estimate physical properties of the involved species and operational parameters of the proposed system setting it apart from previous empirical desalination models. Experimental and theoretical simulation results matched well with one another, validating the developed model. Feasibility of the proposed system rapidly increased with flash temperature due to increased fresh water production and improved heat recovery. In addition, the proposed desalination system is naturally sustainable by solar radiation and gravity, making it very energy efficient.
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Selimovic, Faruk, Bengt Sunde´n, Mohsen Assadi, and Azra Selimovic. "Computational Analysis of O2 Separating Membrane for a CO2-Emission-Free Power Process." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59382.

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The increased demand for clean power in recent years has led to the development of various processes that include different types of CO2 capture. Several options are possible: pre-combustion concepts (fuel de-carbonization and subsequent combustion of H2), post-combustion concepts (tail-end CO2 capture solutions, such as amine scrubbing), and integrated concepts in which combustion is carried out in pure a O2 or oxygen-enriched environment instead of air. The integrated concepts involve the use of oxygen-, hydrogen-, or CO2-separating membranes resulting in exhaust gas containing CO2 and water, from which CO2 can easily be separated. In contrast to traditional oxygen pumps, where a solid oxide electrolyte is sandwiched between two gas-permeable electrodes, a dense, mixed ionic-electronic conducting membrane (MIECM) shows high potential for oxygen separation without external electrodes attached to the oxide surface. Models for oxygen transport through dense membranes have been reported in numerous recent studies. In this study, an equation for oxygen separation has been integrated into a steady-state heat and mass transfer membrane model. Oxygen transfer through a porous supporting layer of membrane is also taken into account. The developed FORTRAN code has been used for numerical investigation and performance analysis of the MIECM and the oxygen transport potential over a range of operating conditions. Preliminary results indicate that a non-uniform temperature distribution, for a given set of oxygen inlet boundary conditions has considerable impact on the oxygen flux and membrane efficiency. Since the implementation of detailed membrane models in heat and mass balance calculations for system studies would result in excessive calculation time, results from this study will be utilized for the generation of correlations describing the oxygen transfer as a function of operating parameters such as temperature and partial pressure. This modeling approach is expected to improve the accuracy of system studies.
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