Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanical Sensor Heads'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanical Sensor Heads"
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Fang, Kun, Chengyin Liu, and Jun Teng. "Cluster-based optimal wireless sensor deployment for structural health monitoring." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2017): 266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921717689967.
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A well-designed wireless sensor deployment method not only directly influences the number of deployed sensors and data accuracy, but also influences on network topology. As most of the energy cost comes from the transmission and receiving of data packets, clustering optimization in wireless sensor network becomes an important issue for energy-efficient coordination among the densely deployed nodes for data communication. In a typical hierarchical wireless sensor network, total intra-cluster communication distance and total distance of cluster heads to base station depend on number of cluster heads. This work presents a novel approach by selecting the number of clusters in hierarchical wireless sensor network. We analyze and demonstrate the validity of the cluster optimization for wireless sensor deployment using an example of a numerically simulated simply supported truss, in terms of efficient use of the constrained wireless sensor network resources. Followed by a cluster-based optimization framework, we show how to adopt our approach to achieve scalable and efficient deployment, through a comprehensive optimization study of a realistic wireless structural health monitoring system. Finally, we suggest optimal deployment scheme based on the comparative performance evaluation results in the case study.
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Quan, Lue, Yuki Shimizu, Ryo Sato, Dong Wook Shin, Hiraku Matsukuma, Andreas Archenti, and Wei Gao. "Design and Testing of a Compact Optical Angle Sensor for Pitch Deviation Measurement of a Scale Grating with a Small Angle of Diffraction." International Journal of Automation Technology 16, no. 5 (September 5, 2022): 572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0572.
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The design and testing of different optical heads were performed to evaluate the pitch deviation of a diffraction scale grating with a small diffraction angle. Based on the proposed pitch deviation evaluation method employing optical angle sensors based on laser autocollimation, a modified optical head with position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) is first designed and constructed by following the conventional optical configuration. Owing to the small angle of diffraction of the first-order diffracted beams, the modified optical head has a large working distance, resulting in poor sensor stability. Therefore, a novel and compact optical head employing a pair of small prisms is designed and developed to shorten the working distance of the optical head. An additional modification was also made to the developed compact optical head in such a way that collimator objectives (COs) in the laser autocollimation units are removed to improve the sensor sensitivity. Experimental comparisons were conducted using the three types of optical heads to verify the feasibility of the developed optical angle sensor with PSDs.
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Masunaga, Seiji, and Kenzo Nonami. "Controlled Metal Detector Mounted on Mine Detection Robot." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/5692.
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Landmine detection capability of metal detectors is very sensitive to the gap between buried landmines and the sensor heads. Therefore, human deminers manually scan ground surface with the metal detectors in such a manner that the sensor heads follow the ground surface. In case of robots assisted landmine detection, this function can be performed accurately and safely by controlling the gap and attitude of the sensor heads. In this investigation, the effectiveness of the gap and attitude control of the sensor head by some mechanical manipulator on the landmine detection performance has been addressed quantitatively. To this end, the paper describes the development of a Controlled Metal Detector (CMD) for controlling the gap and attitude of the sensor head. The CMD generates trajectories of the sensor head from the depth information of the ground surface acquired with 3-D stereovision camera in order to avoid any obstacles and possible impact with the ground, and then tracks the trajectories with a trajectory-tracking controller. The effectiveness and the impact related to the gap and attitude control on the landmine detection performance of the CMD have been demonstrated by experimental studies.
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Li, Yufeng, and Aric R. Kumaran. "The Determination of Flash Temperature in Intermittent Magnetic Head/Disk Contacts Using Magnetoresistive Heads: Part I—Model and Laser Simulation." Journal of Tribology 115, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920972.
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The feasibility of using a magnetoresistive magnetic head to determine the flash temperature of intermittent magnetic head/disk contacts is investigated. A finite difference model is developed to study the effects of the magnetoresistive sensor height, the contact power intensity and the contact duration on the temperature response characteristics of the magnetoresistive sensor. A pulsed neody-minum:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser is used as the heat source to simulate the contact and verify the model. The simulation results agree well with the theoretical model. Based on the theoretical model and laser simulation, a temperature sensitivity coefficient ζ is proposed to determine the surface temperature rise.
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Gatzen, Hans H., Norman Muenter, Binghe Ma, and Caspar Morsbach. "Thermal sensor for in situ flying height measurements of optical flying heads." Tribology International 38, no. 6-7 (June 2005): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.01.020.
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Li, Yufeng, and Aric R. Kumaran. "The Determination of Flash Temperature in Intermittent Magnetic Head/Disk Contacts Using Magnetoresistive Heads: Part II—Experimental Investigation." Journal of Tribology 115, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920973.
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The flash temperature during intermittent head/disk contacts was measured using specially fabricated magnetoresistive heads. Microasperities were intentionally created on disk substrates, and ZrO2 was sputtered on disc surfaces as overcoat. It was found that with a disk spinning speed of 20 m/s, flash temperature could reach 50 to 100°C for transient contact (head was moving in disk radial direction), but less than 40°C for dwell on track contact (head was stationary). The contact times were in the range from submicroseconds to several microseconds, contact widths on the order of several micrometers, and temperature sensitivity coefficients in the range from 0.15 to 0.7 for a 2.5–μ high magnetoresistive sensor.
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K, Ramesh, Renjith P. N, M. AntoBennet, and S. Balasubramani. "Certain Investigation on Improved Cluster Protocol with Trust security for Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 1043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100447.
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Immense development of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) made an incredible advancement in wireless technology. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has created many opportunities for the development of various applications in the fields of military, research, medical, engineering, etc. In this research article, a novel trust-based energy-aware clustering protocol is proposed. The clustering algorithm concentrates on reducing the time spent on cluster formation, controlling redundant data forwarding, and prolonging the network's lifespan. In this model, clustered nodes are classified into three levels like Cluster heads (CH), secondary CHs, and sensor nodes (SN) are used to sense the environmental changes and report to the Base Station (BS). An extension of the lifetime of a WSN is possible by the use of secure multi-hop routing with an aggregation technique to forward data from a cluster to the BS. Compared to relevant works on clustering with the routing protocol, the simulation result showed improved energy efficiency and network lifetime.
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Zabihi-Hesari, Alireza, Saeed Ansari-Rad, Farzad A. Shirazi, and Moosa Ayati. "Fault detection and diagnosis of a 12-cylinder trainset diesel engine based on vibration signature analysis and neural network." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 6 (June 3, 2018): 1910–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218778313.
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This paper presents a condition monitoring and combustion fault detection technique for a 12-cylinder 588 kW trainset diesel engine based on vibration signature analysis using fast Fourier transform, discrete wavelet transform, and artificial neural network. Most of the conventional fault diagnosis techniques in diesel engines are mainly based on analyzing the difference of vibration signals amplitude in the time domain or frequency spectrum. Unfortunately, for complex engines, the time- or frequency-domain approaches do not provide appropriate features solely. In the present study, vibration signals are captured from both intake manifold and cylinder heads of the engine and were analyzed in time-, frequency-, and time–frequency domains. In addition, experimental data of a 12-cylinder 588 kW diesel engine (of a trainset) are captured and the proposed method is verified via these data. Results show that power spectra of vibration signals in the low-frequency range reliably distinguish between normal and faulty conditions. However, they cannot identify the fault location. Hence, a feature extraction method based on discrete wavelet transform and energy spectrum is proposed. The extracted features from discrete wavelet transform are used as inputs in a neural network for classification purposes according to the location of sensors and faults. The experimental results verified that vibration signals acquired from intake manifold have more potential in fault detection. In addition, the capacity of discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural network in detection and diagnosis of faulty cylinders subjected to the abnormal fuel injection was revealed in a complex diesel engine. Beside condition monitoring of the engine, a two-step fault detection method is proposed, which is more reliable than other one-step methods for complex engines. The average condition monitoring performance is from 93.89% up to 99.17%, based on fault location and sensor placement, and the minimum classification performance is 98.34%.
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Zhang, Yuntao, Wenge Wu, Yanwen Han, Haijun Wen, Yunping Cheng, and Lijuan Liu. "Design and Analysis of a Turning Dynamometer Embedded in Thin-Film Sensor." Micromachines 10, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10030210.
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This paper proposes a high-strain sensitivity turning dynamometer that combines several thin-film resistor grids into three Wheatstone full-bridge circuits that can measure triaxial cutting forces. This dynamometer can replace different cutter heads using flange connections. In order to improve the strain effect of the dynamometer, the strain film sensor is fixed on the regular octagonal connection plates on both ends of the elastomer by vacuum brazing, and the stepped groove structure is also designed inside the elastomer. The dynamometer model is simplified as a four-segment cantilever beam which has different sections. The measurement mechanism model of the dynamometer system is established by the transformation relationship between deflection and strain, under external force. The standard turning tool of 20 mm square is used as a reference. The influence of the structural dimensions of the dynamometer on its strain sensitivity coefficient K is studied. The applicability of the theoretical model of dynamometer strain is verified by finite element analysis. Finally, the dynamometer with the largest K value is subjected to the bending test and compared with a standard turning tool. The experimental results show that the measurement sensitivity of the dynamometer is 2.32 times greater than that of the standard turning tool. The results also show that this dynamometer can effectively avoid the influence of the pasting process on strain transmission, thus indicating its great potential for measuring cutting force in the future.
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Guo, Zhihui, Hongbin Chen, and Shichao Li. "Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based One-to-Multiple Cooperative Computing in Large-Scale Event-Driven Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 23, no. 6 (March 18, 2023): 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063237.
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Emergency event monitoring is a hot topic in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Benefiting from the progress of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) technology, it is possible to process emergency events locally by using the computing capacities of redundant nodes in large-scale WSNs. However, it is challenging to design a resource scheduling and computation offloading strategy for a large number of nodes in an event-driven dynamic environment. In this paper, focusing on cooperative computing with a large number of nodes, we propose a set of solutions, including dynamic clustering, inter-cluster task assignment and intra-cluster one-to-multiple cooperative computing. Firstly, an equal-size K-means clustering algorithm is proposed, which activates the nodes around event location and then divides active nodes into several clusters. Then, through inter-cluster task assignment, every computation task of events is alternately assigned to the cluster heads. Next, in order to make each cluster efficiently complete the computation tasks within the deadline, a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG)-based intra-cluster one-to-multiple cooperative computing algorithm is proposed to obtain a computation offloading strategy. Simulation studies show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is close to that of the exhaustive algorithm and better than other classical algorithms and the Deep Q Network (DQN) algorithm.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanical Sensor Heads"
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Aksu, Alper. "BENCH-TOP VALIDATION OF INTELLIGENT MOUTH GUARD." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1373377234.
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Ollivier, Matthieu. "Rôle des anomalies de transmission des contraintes dans la pathogénèse des maladies fémoro-acétabulaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4094/document.
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Dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse nous nous sommes intéressés à deux pathologies fémoro-acétabulaires dont la pathogénie semble liée aux « conditions biomécaniques » locales. La première partie de cette thèse était consacrée à l’analyse de l’influence de l’anatomie osseuse sur l’apparition de l’ostéonécrose aseptique de la tête fémorale. Nous avons réalisé des analyses analytique de l’anatomie des patients souffrant d’ONA (notre hypothèse était que nous retrouverions un profil anatomique particulier chez les patients souffrant d’ONA par rapport à la population générale.Nos résultats démontrent que les patients souffrant d’ONA présentent fréquemment une anatomie particulière. Notre modèle en éléments finis de la hanche de dix patients souffrant d’ONAi, a permis de valider notre hypothèse puisqu’il existe un recouvrement quasi-parfait, entre la zone de nécrose osseuse et celle supportant les contraintes fémoro-acétabulaires. L’hypothèse selon laquelle une pathogénie mécanique puisse être responsable du développement l’ostéonécrose aseptique de la tête fémorale est vérifiée par nos travaux.Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse nous avons décrit le rôle mécanique du LA par une évaluation multimodale combinant analyse cinématique,de contraintes fémoro-labrales et enfin analyse en éléments finis. Les résultats de ces études ont permis de constater que le LA se déforme lors du mouvement reflétant une transmission de contraintes fémoro-labrales lors du mouvement d’abduction. Ces contraintes ont pu être enregistrées à l’aide de capteurs piezo-resistifs, elles augmentent lors du mouvement d’abduction. Ces éléments ont été confirmés par notre modèle en éléments finisAs parts of this thesis we focused on two femoro-acetabular diseases whose pathogenesis appears to be related to "biomechanical local conditions". The first part of this thesis was devoted to analyze the influence of bony anatomy on the development of aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. We thus aimed to analyze ONA patients’ anatomy in a matched-controlled fashioned study. Our results demonstrate that patients with ONA often present a particular anatomy. A finite element model of ten iONA hips validated our hypothesis since we found an overlap between bone necrosis area and femoro-acetabular strains bearing area. The assumption that a mechanical pathogenesis may be responsible for ONA development has been confirmed by our results.If the relationship between bony anatomy and bone disease is quite intuitive, acetabular labrum involvement (AL) in the regulation of femoro-acetabular mechanical conditions is unclear. The mechanical role of the AL is widely controversial, though some authors attributed, AL, a key role in hip joint’s mechanics, others advocated its complete resection in case of painful traumatic tears. We tried to demonstrate AL’s mechanical role in a multimodal analysis combining kinematic, strains and finite element analysis. The AL deforms during abduction movement reflecting femoro-labral strains’ transmission. Those strains have been recorded using piezo-resistive sensors, they increase during adduction to abduction movement. These elements were confirmed by our finite element model: labral resection changed the Femoro-acetabular strains to the detriment of cartilage surfaces
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Parida, Om Prakash. "Design, Development and Validation of High Performance Fiber Bragg Grating Accelerometers." Thesis Full text, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4709.
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Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) accelerometers have attracted the attention of researchers as an efficient and attractive alternative to conventional electrical accelerometers. They exploit the remarkable sensing capabilities of the FBG in combination with varieties of novel mechanical sensor heads. The FBG is an intrinsic optical sensor, which provides the measurand information in the wavelength-encoded format. The FBG accelerometers are light, compact, less noisy, highly sensitive, immune to electromagnetic interference, capable of sensing efficiently in harsh environments, and fit to carry out distributed sensing. These unique and promising characteristics have generated a lot of interest in exploring the use of FBG accelerometers in various fields of science and technology. Though various types of FBG accelerometers are proposed by different researchers to achieve specific characteristics, there is a need to realize high-performance FBG accelerometers, which have high in-axis sensitivity, low cross-axis sensitivity, self-temperature compensation capability, high linearity, reasonably good bandwidth, and wide dynamic range.
To achieve the above objectives, three novel configurations i.e. Modular Double-L Cantilever, Monolithic T-Cantilever and Composite Triangular Cantilever based FBG accelerometers are evolved. Mathematical models and designs are analyzed through numerical simulations using MATLAB and finite element method (FEM) simulations using ANSYS. Precise fabrication sequences are adopted for realizing the mechanical sensors heads (MSH) and the FBGs. The FBGs are carefully integrated with the MSHs in optical differential sensing configuration to realize the novel FBG accelerometer prototypes. The accelerometers are characterized for their static, dynamic, and temperature characteristics. Close matching of the experimental results with the theoretical predictions proved the concepts and validated the designs.
For the double-L cantilever based FBG accelerometer (DLC-FBGA), sensitivity of 406 pm/g with linearity of 99.8% over full-scale range of ± 6 g, cross-axis sensitivity of 0.5% of in-axis sensitivity, natural frequency of 86 Hz with a usable bandwidth of 5-50 Hz, and self-temperature compensation with an error of 0.02 pm/oC are achieved. For the monolithic T-cantilever based FBG accelerometer (MTC-FBGA), sensitivity of 821 pm/g linearity of 99.7%, range of ± 3g, cross-axis sensitivity of 0.3%, natural frequency of 64 Hz with a usable bandwidth of 5-40 Hz and self-temperature compensation with an error of 0.07 pm/oC are achieved. For the composite triangular cantilever based FBG accelerometer (CTC-FBGA), very high sensitivity of 1721.6 pm/g with a linearity of 99.3%, cross-axis sensitivity of 0.7%, natural frequency of 23 Hz, bandwidth up to 10 Hz, self-temperature compensation with an error of 0.03 pm/oC and a dynamic range of 80 dB are achieved.
The highly sensitive self-temperature compensated high-performance accelerometers can faithfully sense and measure low amplitude and low-frequency vibrations as well as accelerations related to inertial navigation, seismic vibration, and structural health monitoring of medium to large scale civil, aerospace, and defense structures. The mathematical models developed for the FBG accelerometers also provide enough flexibility to further optimize the design parameters to achieve specific desired performance characteristics. Using the recently researched high sensitivity etched FBGs and nano-material coated FBGs, the sensitivity of the proposed configurations can be enhanced many folds.NA
Books on the topic "Mechanical Sensor Heads"
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Lederer, Gregor. Rocket Engine on a Student Budget. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.406.
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A technical project alongside the University courses can deepen the understanding and increase the motivation for the subject of choice. As a student, there is often a hurdle to start such a project because of a lack of inspiration. And even after overcoming this, the costs associated with such a project may put students off. With my project I show how a 3rd semester Mechanical Engineering student can design and manufacture a rocket engine with all testing components on a student budget. Cost structure and resource planning are explained in detail. I launched the project in December 2020 and in September 2021 it was presented at the StuFoExpo21. A general curiosity for the topic and a basic understanding of mechanical engineering was sufficient for starting the project. Importantly, I gained the most valuable knowledge during the implementation of the project, through active failure-iteration and reading specialised literature. The project is focussed on the design and manufacturing of a rocket engine and its testing components. A special feature is the cooling jacket of the combustion chamber. It has been 3D printed in the SLUB Makerspace, a facility at TU Dresden. Further work packages of the project were the programming of sensors and control systems, first open-air combustion tests of the injector head, safety checks and a Risk & Safety analysis. The first testing and other preliminary work were performed in collaboration with fellow students. During the entire design and manufacturing process I was in continuous exchange with the research group “Space Transportation” of the Institute of Aerospace Engineering at TU Dresden. Special thanks go to Dipl.-Ing. Jan Sieder-Katzmann and Dipl.-Ing. Maximilian Buchholz for their help during this process. For 2022 I plan a test campaign of the rocket engine to collect sensor data and to perform engine thrust measurements.
Book chapters on the topic "Mechanical Sensor Heads"
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Kocian, Dean F., and H. Lee Task. "Visually Coupled Systems Hardware and the Human Interface." In Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195075557.003.0014.
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A visually coupled system (VCS) has been defined as “ . . . a special ‘subsystem’ which integrates the natural visual and motor skills of an operator into the system he is controlling” (Birt and Task, 1973). A basic VCS consists of three major components: (1) a head- or helmet-mounted (or head-directed) visual display, (2) a means of tracking head and/or eye pointing direction, and (3) a source of visual information which is dependent on eye/head viewing direction. The concept of a VCS is relatively simple: an operator looks in a particular direction, the head or eye tracker determines what that direction is, and the visual information source produces appropriate imagery to be viewed on the display by the operator. In this manner the operator is visually coupled to the system represented by the visual information source. The visual information source could be a physical imaging sensor such as a television camera or it could be a synthetic source such as computer-generated imagery (the basis for a virtual reality (VR) or virtual environment system). Thus, a VR system is really a subset of a VCS which can present both real-world and virtual information to an operator, often on a see-through display. The display is usually a helmet/head-mounted display (HMD) but it could also be the interior of a dome capable of displaying a projected image or it could be a mechanically mounted display that is not supported by the head but is attached to the head which in recent times has been referred to as a binocular omni-oriented monitor (BOOM) display. Both eye-tracking and head-tracking devices have been developed but by far the least expensive and most widely used is head tracking (this is based on the reasonable assumption that the eyes will be looking in the general direction that the head is pointing). Figures 6-1 through 6-4 are photographs of some early helmet-mounted and BOOM displays. In this chapter we will concentrate primarily on helmet/head-mounted displays and helmet/head trackers. This section describes each of the three main components of a visually coupled system and defines characteristics that are used in the specification of these components.
Conference papers on the topic "Mechanical Sensor Heads"
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Arminger, Bernd R., and Bernhard G. Zagar. "Identification of scanning probe microscopes sensor heads and validation of a mechanical model by a laser vibrometer." In SPIE Scanning Microscopy, edited by Michael T. Postek, Dale E. Newbury, S. Frank Platek, and David C. Joy. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.821781.
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Lang, Haoxiang, Ying Wang, and Clarence W. de Silva. "Fault Diagnosis of an Industrial Machine Through Neuro-Fuzzy Sensor Fusion." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42323.
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In this paper a neuro-fuzzy approach of multi-sensor fusion is developed for a fault diagnosis system. The approach is validated by applying it to a machine called the Iron Butcher, which is used in industry for the removal of heads in fish prior to further processing for canning. An important goal of this approach developed in this paper is to make an accurate decision of the machine condition by fusing information from different sensors. Specifically, sound, vibration and vision measurements are acquired from the machine using a microphone, an accelerometer and a digital CCD camera, respectively. Next, the sound and vibration signals are transformed into the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). A feature vector from the FFT frequency spectra is defined and extracted from the acquired information. Also, a feature based vision tracking approach—the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)—is applied to the vision data to track the object of interest (fish) in a robust manner. In the diagnosis process, a candidate fish is detected and tracked. Sound, vibration and vision features are extracted as inputs for the neuro-fuzzy fault diagnosis system. A four-layer neural network including a fuzzy hidden layer is developed to analyze and diagnose any existing faults. By training the neural network with sample data for typical faults, six crucial faults in the fish cutting machine are detected precisely. In this manner, alarms to warn about impending faults may be generated as well during the machine operation. Developed approaches are validated using computer simulations and physical experimentation using the industrial machine.
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Rooks, Tyler F., Andrea S. Dargie, and Valeta Carol Chancey. "Machine Learning Classification of Head Impact Sensor Data." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12173.
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Abstract A shortcoming of using environmental sensors for the surveillance of potentially concussive events is substantial uncertainty regarding whether the event was caused by head acceleration (“head impacts”) or sensor motion (with no head acceleration). The goal of the present study is to develop a machine learning model to classify environmental sensor data obtained in the field and evaluate the performance of the model against the performance of the proprietary classification algorithm used by the environmental sensor. Data were collected from Soldiers attending sparring sessions conducted under a U.S. Army Combatives School course. Data from one sparring session were used to train a decision tree classification algorithm to identify good and bad signals. Data from the remaining sparring sessions were kept as an external validation set. The performance of the proprietary algorithm used by the sensor was also compared to the trained algorithm performance. The trained decision tree was able to correctly classify 95% of events for internal cross-validation and 88% of events for the external validation set. Comparatively, the proprietary algorithm was only able to correctly classify 61% of the events. In general, the trained algorithm was better able to predict when a signal was good or bad compared to the proprietary algorithm. The present study shows it is possible to train a decision tree algorithm using environmental sensor data collected in the field.
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Brown, Brandon A., Ray W. Daniel, Valeta Carol Chancey, and Tyler F. Rooks. "Parametric Evaluation of Head Center of Gravity Acceleration Error From Rigid Body Kinematics Assumptions Used in Environmental Sensors." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69334.
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Abstract Environmental sensors (ES) are a proposed way to identify potentially concussive events using Rigid Body Kinematics (RBK) to get motion at the head CG. This study systematically investigated the extent that errors in RBK assumptions including sensor orientation (SO), head CG position (HCGP), and exposure severity contribute to errors in sensor readings of predicted peak resultant linear acceleration (PRLA) at the head CG. Simulated sensor readings were defined by idealized representations of head motion [extension, lateral bending and axial rotation] using a half sine pulse for linear and angular acceleration. Peak magnitudes of linear acceleration ranged from 12.5 to 100 Gs and peak magnitudes of angular acceleration ranged from 1250 to 10000 rad/s/s. Durations of linear and angular accelerations ranged between 5 and 30 ms. Simulated HCGP variations ranged from −10% to 10% radius of the head (assumed to be a sphere) in each direction and SO variations ranged from −20 to 20 degrees about each axis. True head CG response was calculated using zero error for SO and HCGP. Mean (+/− standard deviation) of calculated errors for maximum percent error (MaxPE) of a given head exposure was 30.3% (+/−9.71). 50% and 38% of all simulated exposures had MaxPE associated with maximum SO and HCGP offset, respectively. MaxPE was likely due to user error, ES form factor, and anthropometric variation.
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Rapo, Mark, Christopher Ostoich, Brett Juhas, Brian Powell, and Philemon Chan. "Free-Field Blast Loading for TBI and Lung Injury Correlation." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53033.
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This paper presents a study to provide guidance on the use of body-worn blast overpressure sensors to predict the risk of blast induced closed head trauma and lung injury. Data collected from blast sensor systems, when used in combination with modeling and simulation, can recreate the full loading on the warfighter [1]. Using field blast data from a 4 sensor time-synched blast system, the incident blast wave and direction was reconstructed and used as input to computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of blast impacting an outfitted warfighter. Pressures around the head and underneath the helmet were found to be in agreement with experimental data. The peak resultant head velocity, which is shown to be a correlate of concussion, was also found to correlate with incident impulse over a wide range of blast conditions. Lung injury was assessed for every blast condition, revealing that some blast directions and intensities more readily engage multiple modes of injury. With the accurate reconstruction of the true blast loading to a warfighter, damage correlates obtained from biomechanical modeling analysis can be calculated for correlation with medical outcomes.
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Fetchko, Travis, Grace Boudreau, Megan Roach, Kenneth Cameron, and Tyler Rooks. "Video Verification of an Instrumented Mouthguard in American Collegiate Men’s Rugby." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94439.
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Abstract There are few published studies investigating wearable head impact sensors which focus on rugby. Devices mounted externally on the head can shift or be fully removed during normal play. Investigation into the use of instrumented mouthguards in rugby has recently begun. However, different devices and their associated software have varying reliability in helmeted vs. non-helmeted sports which must be verified. This study implemented the Impact Monitor Mouthguard device in male American collegiate rugby players, and used video-verification to assess the reliability of the device’s validity software. We found a Positive Predictive Value of 97.0%, which compares favorably to previously published values for this device. We believe this is the first study to analyze the accuracy of sensor events rejected by the software, which resulted in a Negative Predictive Value of 97.0%.
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Dabiri, Arman. "Micro Double Pressure Sensor for Measuring the Applying Forces in Balloon Angioplasty." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65705.
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This paper describes a new catheter based on double pressure sensor for measuring reaction forces of cardiovascular vessel walls in balloon angioplasty. This medical device is based on Wheatstone bridge and a passive transformer module. It assists cardiologists to measure reaction forces exiting between the catheter and the vascular wall. Reaction forces on the catheter can be grouped into two types: 1) reaction forces on the catheter head and 2) reaction forces between the balloon and the vascular wall. Its new proposed transducer module aids doctors decrease cardiology steps leading to the reduction of patients’ pains from inputting consecutive catheters into their bodies. Moreover, its special circuit design reduces needing wires for power supplying of the sensors, and simplifies the fabrication processes. Finally, mechanical behaviors of the sensor have been simulated in SolidWorks and its electrical circuit is modeled in Simulink\electrical. Also, Fabrication processes are projected in the final step of designing.
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Juhas, Brett D., Jessica M. Wong, Nicole J. Boroumand, and Paul H. Rigby. "Semi-Rigid Helmet Rotation Measurement Using Linear Accelerometers." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64677.
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The number of sensors placed on warfighters’ personal protective equipment (PPE) continues to increase each year. It is important to be able to accurately measure the dynamic response of PPE in order to characterize new sensors that are meant to track warfighter movement. In an effort to help predict head motion, a method has been developed to accurately measure the angular and linear acceleration of a semi-rigid helmet using four triaxial linear accelerometers. This four-accelerometer array configuration is based on the 3-2-2-2 nine accelerometer package (NAP) method and was tailored to accurately measure the helmet response during impact and blast overpressure events. Method development and testing were performed using U.S. Army Advanced Combat Helmets. Since angular motion calculation using the NAP method requires orthogonal sensor placement, it was necessary to revise the standard NAP sensor configuration to account for the geometric constraints of a helmet. Modal analysis was performed to determine the locations of least vibration, and shock tube and drop tests were conducted to investigate helmet flex during impacts. Knowledge concerning the dominant vibration modes of the helmet guided accelerometer placement and helped mitigate the effects of sensor data oscillation on the calculated angular motion. Local helmet deformation strongly depends on the impact site; several accelerometer array configurations were developed to account for various impact directions. Linear accelerations were measured and angular accelerations were calculated for guided free drop and shock tube tests in the laboratory. In guided free drop tests, the helmet and headform were dropped onto an anvil at various velocities and were allowed to freely bounce after impact. In shock tube tests, the helmet and headform were allowed to swing freely when subjected to a high shock wave simulating an IED blast. The modified NAP method was able to accurately measure the linear and angular acceleration of the helmet for both types of tests. The angular motion calculation was validated using a high-speed video camera recording the helmet response at 10,000 frames per second. Results were also compared to angular rate sensors available on the market. It was determined that with a detailed understanding of a semi-rigid body’s vibration and proper placement of linear accelerometers, angular acceleration during high-shock impacts can be accurately calculated for semi-rigid, irregular shaped objects. This accelerometer placement method has been applied to several other military grade helmets and been used in models predicting head motion from helmet motion data.
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Li, Zheng Yuan, Sae Whan Park, Yong Seok Inh, Jong Yoon Choi, and Ja Choon Koo. "Parallel Micro Manipulator for Effective Optical Spot Array Alignment." In ASME 2014 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isps2014-6929.
Full textAbstract:
Photolithography is one of the core technologies of micro-nano fabrication. Recently, lithography technology is applied to diverse field of technologies. These technologies include MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) devices, FPD (flat panel display), and semiconductor industry. When it comes to the typical exposure process of lithography technology, photomask costs is occupying large portion of the optical system. So, how to reduce the cost of the mask and employing maskless lithography technology has become an important issue to engineers. Although there being both advantages and disadvantages, maskless lithography is a receiving substantial attention from engineers in the fileds of micro-nano fabrication. With the development of technology, low cost, flexibility, efficiency in the fabrication of device are in high demand in maskless lithography technology. How to generate line/space patterns is gaining considerable attention in terms of maskless lithography exposure process. In order to achieve the accurate alignments of numerous optical heads within a reasonable amount of tack time, installing autonomous position align micro parallel manipulator system in each optical heads required. Applied parallel manipulator that consists of four 2-DOF (degree of freedom) decoupled actuator gives chances to provide 6-DOF independence motion, and has strength in high accuracy. It is thus, this parallel manipulator is suitable for the experiment. This paper covers the follows: First, we reported the DMD (Digital Micro mirror Device)-based makless lithography system to introduce spot array method in maskless digital exposure process. Second, applying a redundant parallel micro manipulator and analyzing kinematic characteristic of the 4-[PP]PS parallel manipulator is described. After that, comparing benefits and drawbacks of 4-[PP]PS parallel and 4-DOF serial manipulator is covered. Third, proposing a suitable error model of the system and applying the genetic algorithm to alignment spot array concerning position correction. Finally, we designed experiment which has vision sensor and align unit to verify positioning algorithm. Simulation and experimental result will be shown with the regard to parallel manipulator can find the optimal solution based on genetic algorithm and carry out the problem of spot array alignment by reducing the position error of the system.
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Jeon, D. J., T. Y. Noh, C. W. Jung, Y. S. Lee, and Y. C. Oh. "Development of Grinding Robot System for Engine Cylinder Liner’s Oil Groove." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86212.
Full textAbstract:
An engine for marine propulsion and power generation consists of several cylinder liner-piston sets. And the oil groove is on the cylinder liner inside wall for the lubrication between piston and cylinder. The grinding processes of oil groove have been carried by manual work so far, because of the diversity of the shape. Recently, we developed an automatic grinding robot system for oil groove grinding of engine cylinder liners. It can cover various types of oil grooves and adjust its position by itself. The grinding robot system consists of a robot, a grinding tool head, sensors, a control system and setting equipment. The robot automatically recognizes the cylinder liner’s inside configuration by using a laser distance sensor and a vision sensor after the cylinder liner is placed on setting equipment. And grinding programs are generated on the basis of measured data. The grinding system of oil groove incorporating an industrial robot was successfully developed and can cover various cylinder types efficiently in this field. The developed system helps to increase productivity of cylinder liner and remove difficult works.