Journal articles: 'Mechanical Self-healing'

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Taylor, Danielle Lynne, and Marc in het Panhuis. "Self-Healing Hydrogels." Advanced Materials 28, no. 41 (August 4, 2016): 9060–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201601613.

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Xiang, Siyuan, and Wendong Liu. "Self‐Healing Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Self‐Healing Superhydrophobic Surfaces: Healing Principles and Applications (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 12/2021)." Advanced Materials Interfaces 8, no. 12 (June 2021): 2170065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.202170065.

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Odom, Susan A., Sarut Chayanupatkul, Benjamin J. Blaiszik, Ou Zhao, Aaron C. Jackson, Paul V. Braun, Nancy R. Sottos, Scott R. White, and Jeffrey S. Moore. "Self-Healing: A Self-healing Conductive Ink (Adv. Mater. 19/2012)." Advanced Materials 24, no. 19 (May 9, 2012): 2509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201290109.

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Cho, Soo Hyoun, Scott R. White, and Paul V. Braun. "Self-Healing Polymers: Self-Healing Polymer Coatings (Adv. Mater. 6/2009)." Advanced Materials 21, no. 6 (February 9, 2009): NA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200990020.

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Foteinidis, Georgios, Maria Kosarli, Pantelis Nikiphorides, Kyriaki Tsirka, and Alkiviadis S. Paipetis. "Capsule-Based Self-Healing and Self-Sensing Composites with Enhanced Mechanical and Electrical Restoration." Polymers 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 5264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235264.

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In this work, we report for the first time the manufacturing and characterization of smart multifunctional, capsule-based self-healing and self-sensing composites. In detail, neat and nanomodified UF microcapsules were synthesized and incorporated into composites with a nanomodified epoxy matrix for the restoration of the mechanical and electrical properties. The electrical properties were evaluated with the use of the impedance spectroscopy method. The self-healing composites were subjected to mode-II fracture toughness tests. Additionally, the lap strap geometry that can simulate the mechanical behavior of a stiffened panel was used. The introduction of the nanomodified self-healing system improved the initial mechanical properties in the mode-II fracture toughness by +29%, while the values after the healing process exceeded the initial one. At lap strap geometry, the incorporation of the self-healing system did not affect the initial mechanical properties that were fully recovered after the healing process.

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An, Seongpil, Sam S. Yoon, and Min Wook Lee. "Self-Healing Structural Materials." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142297.

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Self-healing materials have been developed since the 1990s and are currently used in various applications. Their performance in extreme environments and their mechanical properties have become a topic of research interest. Herein, we discuss cutting-edge self-healing technologies for hard materials and their expected healing processes. The progress that has been made, including advances in and applications of novel self-healing fiber-reinforced plastic composites, concrete, and metal materials is summarized. This perspective focuses on research at the frontier of self-healing structural materials.

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Polydoropoulou, Panagiota, Christos Vasilios Katsiropoulos, Andreas Loukopoulos, and Spiros Pantelakis. "Mechanical behavior of aeronautical composites containing self-healing microcapsules." International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 753–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-12-2017-0075.

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Purpose Over the last decades, self-healing materials based on polymers are attracting increasing interest due to their potential for detecting and “autonomically” healing damage. The use of embedded self-healing microcapsules represents one of the most popular self-healing concepts. Yet, extensive investigations are still needed to convince on the efficiency of the above concept. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In the present work, the effect of embedded self-healing microcapsules on the ILSS behavior of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials has been studied. Moreover, the self-healing efficiency has been assessed. The results of the mechanical tests were discussed supported by scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as by Attenuated Total Reflection–Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) analyses. Findings The results indicate a general trend of a degraded mechanical behavior of the enhanced materials, as the microcapsules exhibit a non-uniform dispersion and form agglomerations which act as internal defects. A remarkable value of the self-healing efficiency has been found for materials with limited damage, e.g. matrix micro-cracks. However, for significant damage, in terms of large matrix cracks and delaminations as well as fiber breakages, the self-healing efficiency is limited. Originality/value The results obtained by SEM analysis as well as by ATR–FTIR spectroscopy constitute a strong indication that the self-healing mechanism has been activated. However, further investigation should be conducted in order to provide definite evidence.

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Guadagno, Liberata, Marialuigia Raimondo, Carlo Naddeo, Pasquale Longo, Annaluisa Mariconda, and Wolfgang H. Binder. "Healing efficiency and dynamic mechanical properties of self-healing epoxy systems." Smart Materials and Structures 23, no. 4 (February 20, 2014): 045001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/4/045001.

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Ahn, Chanjae, Pyong Hwa Hong, Juhen Lee, Jinsil Kim, Gyeongmin Moon, Sungkoo Lee, In Park, Haksoo Han, and Sung Woo Hong. "Highly Self-Healable Polymeric Coating Materials with Enhanced Mechanical Properties Based on the Charge Transfer Complex." Polymers 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 5181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235181.

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Polymeric coating materials (PCMs) are promising candidates for developing next-generation flexible displays. However, PCMs are frequently subjected to external stimuli, making them highly susceptible to repeated damage. Therefore, in this study, a highly self-healing PCM based on a charge transfer complex (CTC) was developed, and its thermal, self-healing, and mechanical properties were examined. The self-healing material demonstrated improved thermal stability, fast self-healing kinetics (1 min), and a high self-healing efficiency (98.1%) via CTC-induced multiple interactions between the polymeric chains. In addition, it eliminated the trade-off between the mechanical strength and self-healing capability that is experienced by typical self-healing materials. The developed PCM achieved excellent self-healing and superior bulk (in-plane) and surface (out-of-plane) mechanical strengths compared to those of conventional engineering plastics such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polysulfone (PSU), and polyethersulfone (PES). These remarkable properties are attributed to the unique intermolecular structure resulting from strong CTC interactions. A mechanism for the improved self-healing and mechanical properties was also proposed by comparing the CTC-based self-healing PCMs with a non-CTC-based PCM.

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Zhang, Li, Ye Tian, and Yan Miao Ma. "The Analysis of Fracture Mechanics on Self-Healing Composite Materials with Microcapsules." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1143.

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Fatigue failure of the mechanical parts has always been paid great attention to in mechanical engineering. In recent years the study on the self-healing composite materials with microcapsules provides a new way to solve it. In this paper, the fracture mechanics analysis on the self-healing composite material with microcapsules used for gear is carried out to determine whether it can achieve the self-healing. The results show that, only when the fracture toughness of the capsule shell and that of matrices matches in some way, can the self-healing be achieved. The composite material made of nylon 6 (PA6) as the matrix material, short E glass fiber as the reinforced material, poly ( urea-form aldehyde) encapsulated dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) as the self-healing microcapsule, is studied in this paper. The results show that this formula is feasible.

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Jiang, Shiping, Zhiyang Lin, Can Tang, and Wenfeng Hao. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Microcapsule-Based Self-Healing Cementitious Composites." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 4866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174866.

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Self-healing concrete designs can protect against deterioration and improve durability. However, there is no unified conclusion regarding the effective preparation and mechanical properties of self-healing concrete. In this paper, microcapsules are used in cement-based materials, the reasonable dosage of microcapsules is determined, and the self-healing performance of the microcapsule self-healing system under different curing agents is explored. The microcapsules and curing agent are shown to enhance the flexural and compressive strength of mortar specimens at relatively low contents. The optimal microcapsule content in terms of compressive strength is 1–3%. When the content of the microcapsule reaches 7%, the strength of the specimen decreases by approximately 30%. Sodium fluorosilicate is better-suited to the microcapsule self-healing cement-based system than the other two fluorosilicates, potassium fluorosilicate and magnesium, which have similarly poor healing performance as curing agents. Healing time also appears to significantly influence the microcapsule self-healing system; mortar specimens that healed for 28 days are significantly higher than those that healed for 7 days. This work may provide a valuable reference for the design and preparation of self-healing cementitious composite structures.

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Pan, Yihui, Fang Tian, and Zheng Zhong. "A continuum damage-healing model of healing agents based self-healing materials." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 27, no. 5 (May 10, 2017): 754–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789517702211.

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In this paper, a continuum damage-healing model is proposed to interpret the damage-healing phenomenon of healing agents based self-healing materials. The plasticity, damage and healing are respectively described by accumulated plastic strain, damage variable and healing variable. Based on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the phase field method, the energy dissipation and corresponding kinetic laws of plasticity, damage and healing are respectively obtained. The healing is motivated by the diffusion of healing agents released by capsules or solute atoms. The corresponding process is described by a diffusion equation with chemical reaction. Furthermore, the threshold and the criteria of damage and healing are established for self-healing materials. The theoretical model is then applied to simulate the healing of concentrated and dispersed damage including the cutting damage, the puncture damage, the homogeneous damage under uniaxial tensile stress and the inhomogeneous damage under pure bending. It is demonstrated that the mechanical loading, the accumulated damage and the diffusion of healing agents work together to govern the healing evolution of self-healing materials.

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Shinya, Norio. "Self Healing of Mechanical Damage in Metallic Materials." Advances in Science and Technology 54 (September 2008): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.54.152.

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Long term service of the materials under stresses and at attacking environments causes material damages, leading to fractures. Among a lot of the material damages, creep cavity and fatigue crack are principal targets to be self healed autonomously during actual service of materials. Since the creep cavity and the fatigue crack are generally too fine to be detected during actual service and difficult to be repaired at the service sites. Recently self healing of creep cavity and fatigue crack has been developed. In the developed methods, segregation and precipitation of solute atoms were applied to self healing of the damages. The self healing methods are comparatively simple and low cost, which may make it easy to be applied to many materials.

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Winkless, Laurie. "Self-healing superhydrophobic coatings." Materials Today 21, no. 9 (November 2018): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2018.10.014.

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Pattanaik, Pragyan, and Ankit Kumar Mishra. "Review Study on Mechanical Properties of Self-Healing materials." Materials and its Characterization 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/mc/1/2/8.

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Self-healing materials as the name suggest these materials can self-heal themselves. Self-healing materials is the need of the future. It has a most prominent and effective pplication in the field of aerospace, but it is not limited to the aerospace industry. Concrete cement being the cheapest also has the application of self-healing agents that leads to the replenishment of cracks easily so that the life span of the concrete increases furthermore. Another prominent field where self-healing materials have a wide application is ESDs electronic storage devices because of the sensitivity of ESDs. Not only restricted to ESDs it is also planned to be used in robots as the chances of wear and tear are more and is skin sensitive. Further in this review, mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, hardness, and fatigue are discussed.

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Gömze, A. L., and L. N. Gömze. "Rheo-mechanical model for self-healing asphalt pavement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 790 (January 2017): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/790/1/012001.

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Liu, Xuehui, Canhui Lu, Xiaodong Wu, and Xinxing Zhang. "Self-healing strain sensors based on nanostructured supramolecular conductive elastomers." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 20 (2017): 9824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta02416a.

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Guadagno, Liberata, Marialuigia Raimondo, Umberto Vietri, Carlo Naddeo, Anja Stojanovic, Andrea Sorrentino, and Wolfgang H. Binder. "Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Microcapsule-Based Self-Healing Composites." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7817962.

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Self-healing materials are beginning to be considered for applications in the field of structural materials. For this reason, in addition to self-healing efficiency, also mechanical properties such as tensile and compressive properties are beginning to become more and more important for this kind of materials. In this paper, three different systems based on epoxy-resins/ethylidene-norbornene (ENB)/Hoveyda-Grubbs 1st-generation (HG1) catalyst are investigated in terms of mechanical properties and healing efficiency. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the self-healing systems are mainly determined by the chemical nature of the epoxy matrix. In particular, the replacement of a conventional flexibilizer (Heloxy 71) with a reactive diluent (1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether) allows obtaining self-healing materials with better mechanical properties and higher thermal stability. An increase in the curing temperature causes an increase in the elastic modulus and a slight reduction of the healing efficiency. These results can constitute the basis to design systems with high regenerative ability and appropriate mechanical performance.

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Yuan, Dian, Vahab Solouki Bonab, Ammar Patel, Talha Yilmaz, Richard A. Gross, and Ica Manas-Zloczower. "Design Strategy for Self-Healing Epoxy Coatings." Coatings 10, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010050.

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Self-healing strategies including intrinsic and extrinsic self-healing are commonly used for polymeric materials to restore their appearance and properties upon damage. Unlike intrinsic self-healing tactics where recovery is based on reversible chemical or physical bonds, extrinsic self-healing approaches rely on a secondary phase to acquire the self-healing functionality. Understanding the impacts of the secondary phase on both healing performance and matrix properties is important for rational system design. In this work, self-healing coating systems were prepared by blending a bio-based epoxy from diglycidyl ether of diphenolate esters (DGEDP) with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) prepolymers. Such systems exhibit polymerization induced phase separation morphology that controls coating mechanical and healing properties. Structure–property analysis indicates that the degree of phase separation is controlled by tuning the TPU prepolymer molecular weight. Increasing the TPU prepolymer molecular weight results in a highly phase separated morphology that is preferable for mechanical performances but undesirable for healing functionality. In this case, diffusion of TPU prepolymers during healing is restricted by the epoxy network rigidity and chain entanglement. Low molecular weight TPU prepolymers tend to phase mix with the epoxy matrix during curing, resulting in the formation of a flexible epoxy network that benefits TPU flow while decreasing Tg and mechanical properties. This work describes a rational strategy to develop self-healing coatings with controlled morphology to extend their functions and tailor their properties for specific applications.

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Su, Gehong, Shuya Yin, Youhong Guo, Fei Zhao, Quanquan Guo, Xinxing Zhang, Tao Zhou, and Guihua Yu. "Balancing the mechanical, electronic, and self-healing properties in conductive self-healing hydrogel for wearable sensor applications." Materials Horizons 8, no. 6 (2021): 1795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1mh00085c.

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Dynamic interfacial interactions between the HAPAA and PANI hydrogels are favorable for self-healing; thus, the PANI network can enhance the mechanical and electronic properties of HAPAA hydrogel without compromising its self-healing performance.

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Yang, Maosen, Jinmei Liu, Dong Liu, Jingyi Jiao, Nuanyang Cui, Shuhai Liu, Qi Xu, Long Gu, and Yong Qin. "A Fully Self-Healing Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Pressure Sensing Electronic Skin." Research 2021 (April 14, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9793458.

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As an important way of converting mechanical energy into electric energy, a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) has been widely applied in energy harvesting as well as self-powered sensors in recent years. However, its robustness and durability are still severely challenged by frequent and inevitable mechanical impacts in real application environments. Herein, a fully self-healing PENG (FS-PENG) as a self-powered pressure sensing electronic skin is reported. The self-healing piezoelectric composite and self-healing Ag NW electrode fabricated through mixing piezoelectric PZT particles and conductive Ag NWs into self-healing polydimethylsiloxane (H-PDMS) are assembled into the sandwich structure FS-PENG. The FS-PENG could not only effectively convert external stimulation into electrical signals with a linear response to the pressure but also retain the excellent self-healing and stable sensing property after multiple cycles of cutting and self-healing process. Moreover, a self-healing pressure sensor array composed of 9 FS-PENGs was attached on the back of the human hand to mimic the human skin, and accurate monitoring of the spatial position distribution and magnitude of the pressure was successfully realized.

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Urban, Marek W., Dmitriy Davydovich, Ying Yang, Tugba Demir, Yunzhi Zhang, and Leah Casabianca. "Key-and-lock commodity self-healing copolymers." Science 362, no. 6411 (October 11, 2018): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat2975.

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Self-healing materials are notable for their ability to recover from physical or chemical damage. We report that commodity copolymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate)/n-butyl acrylate [p(MMA/nBA)] and their derivatives, can self-heal upon mechanical damage. This behavior occurs in a narrow compositional range for copolymer topologies that are preferentially alternating with a random component (alternating/random) and is attributed to favorable interchain van der Waals forces forming key-and-lock interchain junctions. The use of van der Waals forces instead of supramolecular or covalent rebonding or encapsulated reactants eliminates chemical and physical alterations and enables multiple recovery upon mechanical damage without external intervention. Unlike other self-healing approaches, perturbation of ubiquitous van der Waals forces upon mechanical damage is energetically unfavorable for interdigitated alternating/random copolymer motifs that facilitate self-healing under ambient conditions.

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Medeiros, João Miguel Peres, and Luigi Di Di Sarno. "Low Carbon Bacterial Self-Healing Concrete." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 2226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122226.

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A greener and more sustainable option is proposed to shift the construction paradigm of high embedded carbon values in concrete and the frequency of repairs when it cracks. Using low-carbon concrete with a bacterial self-healing agent can reduce the embedded carbon value while adding value to the structure. This paper aims to evaluate the interaction of a bacterial self-healing agent on the mechanical properties of low-carbon concrete, specifically 50% Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) as an Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) replacement. A range of tests is conducted to test the evolution of mechanical properties throughout the early stages of curing for 7, 14, and 28 days. Such tests included the evaluation of compression, flexural, tensile splitting strength and dynamic elastic modulus. The results of the experiments demonstrate that early stages of GGBS mixes exhibit lower compressive capacity throughout the 28-day mark but also indicate their potential to increase sharply and surpass the control mix values after 28 days. The self-healing agent interacts slightly with the GGBS mixes, further reducing the mechanical properties in the early curing stages. However, GGBS mixes increase sharply after the 28-day mark, with the added benefit of further reducing carbon emissions by extending design life and durability. In theory, the newly developed concrete can seal cracks up to 0.3 mm (up to 0.8 mm if using the maximum dosage) but seal wider cracks from laboratory results. These changes imply that using GGBS as a replacement for OPC is viable for structures that do not require high compressive values in the early curing stages but after the 28-day mark while reducing the carbon emission values substantially, in this case, 40%, or up to 50% if using a self-healing agent. This low-carbon concrete is thus a sustainable and resilient material, especially for retrofitting existing reinforced concrete infrastructure.

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Barbero, Ever J., Fabrizio Greco, and Paolo Lonetti. "Continuum Damage-healing Mechanics with Application to Self-healing Composites." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 14, no. 1 (January 2005): 51–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789505045928.

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Xu, Jie, Jiawang Qu, Yufeng Gao, and Ning Xu. "Study on the Elastoplastic Damage-Healing Coupled Constitutive Model of Mudstone." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6431607.

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Under the effect of high ground stress and water-rock chemical interaction, the fractures in the damaged mudstone wound undergo a self-healing process and recover the physical and mechanical properties, which has a significant impact on the wall-rock’s stability of high level radioactive waste repository and the migration of radioactive nuclide. According to the general thermodynamics and continuum damage mechanics, an internal variable describing mudstone healing properties is introduced and an elastoplastic damage-healing model reflecting mudstone deformation, damage, and self-healing evolution is put forward. This model is used to simulate the triaxial compression test of mudstone under different confining pressures, whose simulated results are compared with the test data. It is indicated that the model could embody the main mechanical properties of mudstone with the healing effect in an effective way, and the healing part of the model has a great influence on the simulated results.

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Buaksuntear, Kwanchai, Phakamat Limarun, Supitta Suethao, and Wirasak Smitthipong. "Non-Covalent Interaction on the Self-Healing of Mechanical Properties in Supramolecular Polymers." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 6902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136902.

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Supramolecular polymers are widely utilized and applied in self–assembly or self–healing materials, which can be repaired when damaged. Normally, the healing process is classified into two types, including extrinsic and intrinsic self–healable materials. Therefore, the aim of this work is to review the intrinsic self–healing strategy based on supramolecular interaction or non-covalent interaction and molecular recognition to obtain the improvement of mechanical properties. In this review, we introduce the main background of non-covalent interaction, which consists of the metal–ligand coordination, hydrogen bonding, π–π interaction, electrostatic interaction, dipole–dipole interaction, and host–guest interactions, respectively. From the perspective of mechanical properties, these interactions act as transient crosslinking points to both prevent and repair the broken polymer chains. For material utilization in terms of self–healing products, this knowledge can be applied and developed to increase the lifetime of the products, causing rapid healing and reducing accidents and maintenance costs. Therefore, the self–healing materials using supramolecular polymers or non-covalent interaction provides a novel strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of materials causing the extended cycling lifetime of products before replacement with a new one.

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Mauldin, T. C., and M. R. Kessler. "Self-healing polymers and composites." International Materials Reviews 55, no. 6 (November 2010): 317–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/095066010x12646898728408.

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Lim, Eng Har, and Kim Pickering. "Mechanical Properties of Self-Healing Carbon Fibre Fabric Reinforced Polymers (CFFRP)." Advanced Materials Research 700 (May 2013): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.700.107.

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In this paper, carbon fibre fabric reinforced polymeric composites with the capability of self-healing were studied. These fabric-composite laminates were fabricated by hand lay-up of plain weave (PW) carbon fibre fabrics impregnated with polymer blends of epoxy resin and thermoplastic healing agent. Laminates containing different amounts of healing agent (0, 10wt% and 20wt% by weight of epoxy) were evaluated by tensile and three-point flexural tests according to the ASTM D3039/D3039M and D790, respectively. Aside of the potential for self-healing, benefits were found in terms of tensile and flexural properties. Overall, tensile properties were improved with addition of thermoplastic healing agent; the highest tensile strength and failure strain were obtained with the highest healing agent amount (20wt%) whilst the maximum tensile modulus was obtained at 10wt%. In general, flexural properties were also improved except flexural strain; the highest flexural strength and modulus were determined at 10wt%.

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Zhou, Feng, Chun H. Wang, and Adrian P. Mouritz. "Computational Analysis of the Structural Integrity of Self-Healing Composites." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2576–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2576.

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This paper presents a computational and experimental investigation of the influence of self-healing micro-vessels on the structural properties of laminated composites. Embedded self-healing system is rapidly emerging as an important technology for improving the damage resistance of laminated composites. Introduction of hollow fibres or hollow spheres can, however, potentially weaken the structure and lead to excessive reduction in mechanical performance of composites. In this research, computational simulation is carried out to investigate the effect of embedded microvascular vessels on the mechanical properties of self-healing composite, focusing on the stress concentrations around self-healing vessels and delamination cracking.

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Rao, V. Kesava, Nitzan Shauloff, XiaoMeng Sui, H. Daniel Wagner, and Raz Jelinek. "Polydiacetylene hydrogel self-healing capacitive strain sensor." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 18 (2020): 6034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc00576b.

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Baharom, Zulkhibri, Zamratul Maisarah Mohd Ismail, Maizlinda Izwana Idris, and Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah. "The Mechanical Integrity of Self-Healing Coating Embedded with Microencapsulated Vegetable Oil." Key Engineering Materials 908 (January 28, 2022): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-v7e94l.

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The challenge of self-healing coating is the mechanical integrity of the coating system embedded with microcapsules. This paper emphasis the mechanical integrity of self-healing coating embedded with microencapsulated vegetable oil (waste sunflower oil). The mechanical integrity of the coating system was determined by the bending and Vickers test. The microencapsulation of waste sunflower oil was successfully produced microcapsules with a mean diameter of 1 μm and a rough shell structure that matchable to embedded in coating matrix. The embedment of microcapsules into the coating matrix has generated self-healing performance with ability to self-heal after 5 days. The mechanical integrity of coating system was increased and demonstrated higher maximum stress (654.25 N/mm2) and higher hardness value (4.40 HV) as compared to the reference sample. It can be concluded that, the microencapsulated waste sunflower oil as an alternative natural vegetable oil to be embedded in the coating system to generate self-healing performance and induce higher mechanical integrity. This finding was able to contribute to the advancement of the future of metal coating industries.

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Kudryakov, Oleg V., Valery N. Varavka, and Igor V. Kolesnikov. "Self-Healing of PVD-Coatings." Materials Science Forum 1052 (February 3, 2022): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-996e4s.

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The work is devoted to the study of the specific features of the structure of vacuum ion-plasma coatings, called by the authors substructural defects. Formed during the deposition of coatings of various compositions by the mechanism of helical growth, these surface crystalline formations, after reaching a certain size, spontaneously extruded (pushed out) from the coating. The cavities (niches) remaining at the site of the defect are filled (healed) by the deposited ions in the process of further growth of the coating. On the basis of thermodynamic analysis, theoretical estimates of the extrusion conditions were obtained in the work, which give a satisfactory agreement between the calculated and experimental data.

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Paquet, Chloé, Stephen Brown, Jolanta E. Klemberg-Sapieha, Jean-François Morin, and Véronic Landry. "Self-Healing UV-Curable Acrylate Coatings for Wood Finishing System, Part 2: Impact of Monomer Structure and Self-Healing Parameters on Self-Healing Efficiency." Coatings 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111328.

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Wood is increasingly used in construction for the benefits it brings to occupants and for its ecological aspect. Indoor wood products are frequently subject to mechanical aggressions, their abrasion and scratch resistance thus need to be improved. The coating system ensures the wood surface protection, which is, for wood flooring, a multilayer acrylate UV-curable 100% solid system. To increase the service life of wood flooring, a new property is studied: self-healing. The objective of this study is to observe the impact of monomer structure on self-healing efficiency and the effect of self-healing parameters. A previous formulation was developed using hydrogen bond technology to generate the self-healing property. In this paper, the assessment of the formulation and the self-healing parameters’ impact on self-healing efficiency as well as the physicochemical properties are presented. The composition of the monomer part in the formulations was varied, and the effect on the conversion yield (measured by FT-IR), on the Tg and crosslinking density (measured by DMA) and on mechanical resistance (evaluated via hardness pendulum, indentation, and reverse impact) was analyzed. The self-healing efficiency of the coatings was determined by gloss and scratch depth measurements (under constant and progressive load). It was proven that monomers with three acrylate functions bring too much crosslinking, which inhibits the chain mobility necessary to observe self-healing. The presence of the AHPMA monomer in the formulation permits considerably increasing the crosslinking density (CLD) while keeping good self-healing efficiency. It was also observed that the self-healing behavior of the coatings is different according to the damage caused. Indeed, the self-healing results after abrasion and after scratch (under constant or progressive load) are different. In conclusion, it is possible to increase CLD while keeping self-healing behavior until a certain limit and with a linear monomer structure to avoid steric hindrance. Moreover, the selection of the best coatings (the one with the highest self-healing) depends on the damage.

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Jin, Jinzhao, Yongzhe Miao, Huaiwu Zhao, Jiao Chen, Longbang Qing, Ru Mu, Xiangshang Chen, and Zixiang Li. "Study on the Self-Healing Performance of Microcapsules and Microcapsule-Containing Asphalt." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912231.

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Mixing microcapsules encapsulating asphalt recycling agents into asphalt can effectively enhance its self-healing performance and alleviate the brittle cracking of pavements due to asphalt aging. In practical engineering applications, microcapsules should have good thermal stability, mechanical properties, and uniform dispersion in asphalt or asphalt concrete, for the effective self-healing of micro-cracks which occur as pavements age. The self-healing performance of microcapsule-containing asphalt is affected by several factors. First, the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and dispersibility of microcapsules in the asphalt were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, nanoindentation tests, and fluorescence microscopy. Then, the effects of the microcapsules’ content, temperature, time, degree of damage, and self-healing times on the self-healing performance of microcapsule-containing asphalt were investigated through two-stage fatigue loading tests. The results show that the microcapsules have good thermal stability, mechanical properties, and dispersibility. They will not thermally decompose when mixing the asphalt concrete, nor will they fracture in the early stages of a pavement’s lifetime, or agglomerate in the asphalt. Mixing microcapsules in asphalt effectively improves its self-healing performance. The self-healing index of microcapsule-containing asphalt increases and then decreases with the increase in microcapsule content. It also increases as the temperature and length of time increases, but it decreases as the degree of damage worsens, and thus, the self-healing time increases.

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Abd Elzahra, Israa H., and Mohannad H. Al-Sherrawi. "Enhancement of self-healing to mechanical properties of concrete." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1117, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1117/1/012026.

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Guadagno, Liberata, Marialuigia Raimondo, Carlo Naddeo, Giuseppina Russo, Vittoria Vittoria, Salvatore Russo, and Generoso Iannuzzo. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Structural Self-Healing Epoxy Resins." Applied Mechanics and Materials 62 (June 2011): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.62.95.

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In this paper, we report the study and characterization of a multifunctional autonomically healing composite containing solid particles of Grubbs’ first generation catalyst and poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsules filled with liquid DCPD. This system, already reported in literature, in some respects shows great potential for epoxy structural composites: however, other aspects have to be explored in order to put to use in advanced applications. Here, we have determined the curing process to obtain the best mechanical performance without deactivating the self-repair activity of the material. It has been found that, for the same curing cycle, the presence of catalyst powder causes a slight decrease in the elastic modulus value with respect to the epoxy matrix. A large recovery in this performance is gained for the self-healing specimen, proving that the microcapsules contribute to improve the mechanical characteristics of the self-healing sample.

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Golovin, Kevin, Mathew Boban, Joseph M. Mabry, and Anish Tuteja. "Designing Self-Healing Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Exceptional Mechanical Durability." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 12 (March 20, 2017): 11212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b15491.

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Neves, B. R. A., M. E. Salmon, E. B. Troughton, and P. E. Russell. "Self-healing on OPA self-assembled monolayers." Nanotechnology 12, no. 3 (August 23, 2001): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/12/3/315.

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Charlet, Alvaro, Viviane Lutz-Bueno, Raffaele Mezzenga, and Esther Amstad. "Shape retaining self-healing metal-coordinated hydrogels." Nanoscale 13, no. 7 (2021): 4073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr08351h.

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We introduce pyrogallol end-functionalized telechelic PEGs that are crosslinked with di- or trivalent ions to result in self-healing, adhesive hydrogels whose mechanical properties can be varied over an unprecedented range.

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Devi V. K., Anupama, Rohin Shyam, Arunkumar Palaniappan, Amit Kumar Jaiswal, Tae-Hwan Oh, and Arputharaj Joseph Nathanael. "Self-Healing Hydrogels: Preparation, Mechanism and Advancement in Biomedical Applications." Polymers 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2021): 3782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213782.

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Polymeric hydrogels are widely explored materials for biomedical applications. However, they have inherent limitations like poor resistance to stimuli and low mechanical strength. This drawback of hydrogels gave rise to ‘‘smart self-healing hydrogels’’ which autonomously repair themselves when ruptured or traumatized. It is superior in terms of durability and stability due to its capacity to reform its shape, injectability, and stretchability thereby regaining back the original mechanical property. This review focuses on various self-healing mechanisms (covalent and non-covalent interactions) of these hydrogels, methods used to evaluate their self-healing properties, and their applications in wound healing, drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering systems. Furthermore, composite materials are used to enhance the hydrogel’s mechanical properties. Hence, findings of research with various composite materials are briefly discussed in order to emphasize the healing capacity of such hydrogels. Additionally, various methods to evaluate the self-healing properties of hydrogels and their recent advancements towards 3D bioprinting are also reviewed. The review is concluded by proposing several pertinent challenges encountered at present as well as some prominent future perspectives.

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Miao, Haiyue, Weiju Hao, Hongtao Liu, Yiyang Liu, Xiaobin Fu, Hailong Huang, Min Ge, and Yuan Qian. "Highly Flexibility, Powder Self-Healing, and Recyclable Natural Polymer Hydrogels." Gels 8, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8020089.

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Based on the good self-healing ability to repair mechanical damage, self-healing hydrogels have aroused great interest and been extensively applied as functional materials. However, when partial failure of hydrogels caused by breaking or dryness occurs, leading to recycling problems, self-healing hydrogels cannot solve the mentioned defects and have to be abandoned. In this work, a novel recyclable and self-healing natural polymer hydrogel (Chitosan/polymethylacrylic acid-: CMA) was prepared. The CMA hydrogel not only exhibited controlled mechanical properties from 26 kPa to 125 kPa with tensile strain from 1357% to 3012%, but also had good water retaining property, stability and fast self-healing properties in 1 min. More importantly, the CMA hydrogel displayed attractive powder self-healing performance. After drying–powdering treatment, the mentioned abandoned hydrogels could easily rebuild their frame structure to recover their original state and performance in 1 min only by adding a small amount of water, which could significantly prolong their service life. These advantages guarantee the hydrogel can effectively defend against reversible mechanical damage, water loss and partial hydrogel failure, suggesting great potential applications as a recyclable functional hydrogel for biomaterials and electronic materials.

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Frei, Regina, Richard McWilliam, Benjamin Derrick, Alan Purvis, Asutosh Tiwari, and Giovanna Di Marzo Serugendo. "Self-healing and self-repairing technologies." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 69, no. 5-8 (June 11, 2013): 1033–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5070-2.

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Pietruszczak, S., and P. Przecherski. "On hydro-mechanical response of self-healing and self-sealing fractured geomaterials." Computers and Geotechnics 134 (June 2021): 104030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104030.

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Kötteritzsch, Julia, Ulrich S. Schubert, and Martin D. Hager. "Triggered and self-healing systems using nanostructured materials." Nanotechnology Reviews 2, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 699–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2013-0016.

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AbstractSelf-healing materials feature the outstanding ability of healing damage inflicted on them. This process leads to the (partial) restoration of the original properties of these materials, in particular of the mechanical properties. Several healing mechanisms involve processes on the nanoscopic level. These lead to the healing of the damage (e.g., crack or scratch) and, as a consequence, the macroscopic mechanical properties are reestablished. Moreover, self-healing of nanomaterials can also be achieved, which is of particular interest, because nanomaterials are particularly prone to damage due to their high surface volume ratio. This review summarizes the involvement of nanoscopic processes in the healing of macroscopic materials, and the healing of nanomaterials is discussed.

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Ritzen, Linda, Vincenzo Montano, and Santiago J. Garcia. "3D Printing of a Self-Healing Thermoplastic Polyurethane through FDM: From Polymer Slab to Mechanical Assessment." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020305.

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The use of self-healing (SH) polymers to make 3D-printed polymeric parts offers the potential to increase the quality of 3D-printed parts and to increase their durability and damage tolerance due to their (on-demand) dynamic nature. Nevertheless, 3D-printing of such dynamic polymers is not a straightforward process due to their polymer architecture and rheological complexity and the limited quantities produced at lab-scale. This limits the exploration of the full potential of self-healing polymers. In this paper, we present the complete process for fused deposition modelling of a room temperature self-healing polyurethane. Starting from the synthesis and polymer slab manufacturing, we processed the polymer into a continuous filament and 3D printed parts. For the characterization of the 3D printed parts, we used a compression cut test, which proved useful when limited amount of material is available. The test was able to quasi-quantitatively assess both bulk and 3D printed samples and their self-healing behavior. The mechanical and healing behavior of the 3D printed self-healing polyurethane was highly similar to that of the bulk SH polymer. This indicates that the self-healing property of the polymer was retained even after multiple processing steps and printing. Compared to a commercial 3D-printing thermoplastic polyurethane, the self-healing polymer displayed a smaller mechanical dependency on the printing conditions with the added value of healing cuts at room temperature.

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Nakao, Wataru, Taira Hayakawa, Tesuro Yanaseko, and Shingo Ozaki. "Advanced Fiber Reinforced Self-Healing Ceramics for Middle Range Temperature." Key Engineering Materials 810 (July 2019): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.810.119.

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The availability of TiC healing agent has been evaluated in low temperature self-healing behavior of Al2O3 based self-healing ceramics. For this purpose, some technical issues to actualize the advanced fiber-reinforced self-healing ceramics containing TiC based interlayer as healing agent were discussed. Especially, the mechanical matching between the matrix and the interlayer was focused. Moreover, the self-healing behavior of the advanced shFRC containing the optimized TiC based healing agent was investigated. As a result, 30 vol% TiC-70 vol% Al2O3 interlayer was confirmed to be the optimized healing agent in the self-healing ceramics, and the self-healing ceramics was found to enable to attain the perfect healing at 600°C within 10 min. And we succeeded in prototype production of fiber-reinforced self-healing ceramics for low pressure turbine blade.

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Yu, Kunhao, An Xin, Zhangzhengrong Feng, Kyung Hoon Lee, and Qiming Wang. "Mechanics of self-healing thermoplastic elastomers." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 137 (April 2020): 103831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2019.103831.

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Bond, Ian P., Richard S. Trask, and Hugo R. Williams. "Self-Healing Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites." MRS Bulletin 33, no. 8 (August 2008): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2008.164.

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AbstractSelf-healing is receiving an increasing amount of interest worldwide as a method to address damage in materials. In particular, for advanced high-performance fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials, self-healing offers an alternative to employing conservative damage-tolerant designs and a mechanism for ameliorating inaccessible and invidious internal damage within a structure. This article considers in some detail the various self-healing technologies currently being developed for FRP composite materials. Key constraints for incorporating such a function in FRPs are that it not be detrimental to inherent mechanical properties and that it not impose a severe weight penalty.

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Kim, Jinsil, Pyong Hwa Hong, Kiwon Choi, Gyeongmin Moon, Jungsoon Kang, Seoyun Lee, Sungkoo Lee, Hyun Wook Jung, Min Jae Ko, and Sung Woo Hong. "A Heterocyclic Polyurethane with Enhanced Self-Healing Efficiency and Outstanding Recovery of Mechanical Properties." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040968.

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A functional polyurethane based on the heterocyclic group was synthesized and its self-healing and mechanical properties were examined. To synthesize a heterocyclic polyurethane, a polyol and a heterocyclic compound with di-hydroxyl groups at both ends were blended and the blended solution was reacted with a crosslinker containing multiple isocyanate groups. The heterocyclic polyurethane demonstrates better self-healing efficiency than the conventional polyurethane with no heterocyclic groups. Furthermore, unlike the conventional self-healing materials, the heterocyclic polyurethane examined in this study shows an outstanding recovery of the mechanical properties after the self-healing process. These results are attributed to the unique supramolecular network resulting from the strong hydrogen bonding interaction between the urethane group and the heterocyclic group in the heterocyclic polyurethane matrix.

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Tiwari, Sachin, Shilpa Pal, Rekha Puria, Vikrant Nain, and Rajendra Prasad Pathak. "Mechanical and Microstructure Study of the Self Healing Bacterial Concrete." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.472.

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Concrete largely used for construction material, degrades with the development of cracks that becomes easy passage for entry of chemicals and harmful compounds. Self healing capability is helpful to mitigate the deterioration of the concrete structures. This research work focuses on the self healing behaviour and mechanical properties of the bioconcrete supplemented with three different bacteria namely Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus cohnii and Bacillus megaterium. Concrete supplemented with Bacillus cohnii exhibited 35.31% increase in compressive strength compared to control mix after 28 days. Concrete supplemented with other bacteria Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus megaterium also showed enhanced compressive strength. Interestingly, addition of bacteria aided in healing of artificially generated cracks by formation of CaCO3 minerals. Maximum amount of healing (bacterial precipitation) which could be quantified as calcite minerals present in the bacterial concrete was 11.44% with B. cohnii confirmed by the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical Self-healing'

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