Journal articles: 'Mechanical resonantor'

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Jia, Yu Bin. "Mechanical Analysis of Vibrating-Beam Resonantor Accelerometer." Advanced Materials Research 645 (January 2013): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.645.373.

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Based on the change of the length for the vibrating-beam, the potential energy stored in the system and the force function are presented. Then the sensor parameters and nonlinear factor are defined and calculated. From this, the mechanical parameters of the vibrating beam can be modeled, and the formulae of the frequency is derived as the function of the external axial acceleration and amplitude, and the mode of a single-degree elastic oscillator is set up. These results are the theoretical bases of developing the vibrating-beam-type accelerometer.

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WAKE, GEOFFREY W., EMIL J. HOPFINGER, and GREGORY N. IVEY. "Experimental study on resonantly forced interfacial waves in a stratified circular cylindrical basin." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 582 (June 14, 2007): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211200700585x.

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Laboratory experiments have been performed on resonantly forced interfacial waves in a circular cylindrical basin containing a two-layer stratified fluid. The results of this shallow-water study exhibit a number of similarities to previous shallow-water studies performed in single-layer fluids, such as the generation of a large-amplitude response over a frequency bandwidth offset from the primary resonance, generation of a swirling mode at the observed resonant condition, and the significant contribution of higher harmonics. The two-layer experiments also produce results that are unique to stratified domains. In particular, the observed negative nonlinearity of the resonant condition at shallow water depth, mixing of the density interface resulting in detuning the forced response from the resonant condition, the enhanced role of viscous dissipation, and an alternative pathway for the nonlinear generation of higher-frequency waves when the layer depths are disparate. The results of this study are considered with regard to their implications for enclosed basins at the geophysical scale that are subject to near resonant forcing.

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Hu, Shanting, Xiaodong Gu, Masanori Nakahama, and Fumio Koyama. "Non-mechanical beam scanner based on VCSEL integrated amplifier with resonant wavelength detuning design." Chinese Optics Letters 19, no. 12 (2021): 121403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202119.121403.

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Bondar, R. P. "RESONANT MODES OF A LINEAR PERMANENT MAGNET VIBRATORY MOTOR." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2022, no. 4 (July 4, 2022): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2022.04.028.

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The work considers the resonant operation modes of the linear permanent magnet vibratory motor. On the basis of electrical and mechanical equivalent circuits with lumped parameters, expressions for determining the frequencies of mechanical, electrical, energy and power resonances are obtained. The presence of two frequencies of electrical resonance (when the phases of supply voltage and motor current coincide) in a single-mass electromechanical system and four in a two-mass one is substantiated. Representing, according to the electromechanical analogy approach, the back EMF induced due to the movement of the mover by the corresponding voltage drop, expressions for equivalent mechanical impedances are obtained. The dependences of the energy characteristics of the motor (mechanical work and efficiency) on the equivalent circuit parameters are obtained. Based on the expression for the reluctance electromagnetic force, mechanical work is found and its dependence on the phase difference between displacement and current is shown. The phase difference at which the total mechanical work of the motor is maximal is determined. It is shown that the results of the analysis of resonant modes well agree with results of a numerical field study carried out on the basis of the equations of the quasi-stationary magnetic field in the time domain using the finite element method and the moving type of calculation mesh in the mover region. References 12, figures 6, tables 1.

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Narayanan, A., and K. V. L. Subramaniam. "Damage assessment in concrete structures using piezoelectric based sensors." Revista ALCONPAT 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21041/ra.v7i1.173.

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Damage assessment in concrete structures using piezoelectric based sensorsABSTRACTPiezoelectric based PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) smart sensors offer significant potential for continuously monitoring the development and progression of internal damage in concrete structures. Changes in the resonant behavior in the measured electrical conductance obtained from electro-mechanical (EM) response of a PZT bonded to a concrete substrate is investigated for increasing levels of damage. Changes in the conductance resonant signature from EM conductance measurements are detected before visible signs of cracking. The root mean square deviation of the conductance signature at resonant peaks is shown to accurately reflect the level of damage in the substrate. The findings presented here provide a basis for developing a sensing methodology using PZT patches for continuous monitoring of concrete structures.Keywords: PZT; electro-mechanical impedance; conductance; microcracks.Evaluación de daños en estructuras de concreto utilizando sensores piezoeléctricosRESUMENLos sensores inteligentes PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) basados en piezoeléctricos ofrecen un potencial significativo para monitorear continuamente el desarrollo y la progresión de los daños internos en estructuras de concreto. Se investigan los cambios en el comportamiento resonante a través de la conductancia eléctrica medida, obtenida a partir de la respuesta electromecánica (EM) de un PZT unido a un sustrato de concreto para aumentar los niveles de daño. Los cambios en la resonancia de la conductancia EM se detectan antes de que aparezcan signos visibles de agrietamiento. La desviación cuadrática media de la raíz de la conductancia en los picos resonantes refleja con precisión el nivel de daño en el sustrato. Los hallazgos presentados aquí proporcionan una base para desarrollar una metodología de detección utilizando parches PZT para el monitoreo continuo de estructuras de concreto.Palabras clave: PZT; impedancia electromecánica; conductancia; microfisuras.Avaliação de danos em estruturas de concreto usando sensores piezoelétricos RESUMOOs sensores piezoelétricos inteligentes PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) oferecem um potencial significativo para o monitoramento contínuo do desenvolvimento e progressão de danos internos em estruturas de concreto. As alterações de ressonância através da medida da condutância elétrica obtida a partir da resposta eletromecânica (EM) de um PZT ligado a um substrato de concreto é investigada para níveis crescentes de danos. As alterações no perfil de ressonância de condutância EM são detectadas antes de sinais visíveis de fissuras. O desvio quadrático médio da raiz do perfil de condutância nos picos ressonantes é mostrado para refletir com precisão o nível de dano no substrato. Os resultados aqui apresentados fornecem uma base para o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de detecção usando PZT para monitoramento contínuo de estruturas de concretoPalavras chave: PZT; impedância eletromecânica; condutância; microfissuras.

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Gaeta, G., and G. Pucacco. "Near-resonances and detuning in classical and quantum mechanics." Mathematics in Engineering 5, no. 1 (2022): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mine.2023005.

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<abstract><p>From the point of view of perturbation theory, (perturbations of) near-resonant systems are plagued by small denominators. These do not affect (perturbations of) fully resonant systems; so it is in many ways convenient to approximate near resonant systems as fully resonant ones, which correspond to considering the "detuning" as a perturbation itself. This approach has proven very fruitful in Classical Mechanics, but it is also standard in (perturbations of) Quantum Mechanical systems. Actually, its origin may be traced back (at least) to the Rayleigh-Ritz method for computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors of perturbed matrix problems. We will discuss relations between these approaches, and consider some case study models in the different contexts.</p></abstract>

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Bonetti, E., E. G. Campari, L. Pasquini, and L. Savini. "Automated resonant mechanical analyzer." Review of Scientific Instruments 72, no. 4 (April 2001): 2148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1357235.

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Gogoi, Niharika, Jie Chen, Jens Kirchner, and Georg Fischer. "Dependence of Piezoelectric Discs Electrical Impedance on Mechanical Loading Condition." Sensors 22, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 1710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22051710.

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The piezoelectric effect, along with its associated materials, fascinated researchers in all areas of basic sciences and engineering due to its interesting properties and promising potentials. Sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting are major implementations of piezoelectric structures in structural health monitoring, wearable devices, and self-powered systems, to name only a few. The electrical or mechanical impedance of its structure plays an important role in deriving its equivalent model, which in turn helps to predict its behavior for any system-level application, such as with respect to the rectifiers containing diodes and switches, which represent a nonlinear electrical load. In this paper, we study the electrical impedance response of different sizes of commercial piezoelectric discs for a wide range of frequencies (without and with mechanical load for 0.1–1000 kHz with resolution 20 Hz). It shows significant changes in the position of resonant frequency and amplitude of resonant peaks for different diameters of discs and under varying mechanical load conditions, implying variations in the mechanical boundary conditions on the structure. The highlight of our work is the proposed electrical equivalent circuit model for varying mechanically loaded conditions with the help of impedance technique. Our approach is simple and reliable, such that it is suitable for any structure whose accurate material properties and dimensions are unknown.

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Ilic, B., D. Czaplewski, H. G. Craighead, P. Neuzil, C. Campagnolo, and C. Batt. "Mechanical resonant immunospecific biological detector." Applied Physics Letters 77, no. 3 (July 17, 2000): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.127006.

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Ozaki, Takashi, Norikazu Ohta, and Motohiro Fujiyoshi. "Highly Linear and Wide Non-Resonant Two-Degree-of-Freedom Piezoelectric Laser Scanner." Sensors 22, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 4215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22114215.

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Laser scanners with mechanically driven mirrors have exhibited increasing potential for various applications, such as displays and laser radar. Resonant scanners are the predominantly used scanners; however, non-resonant scanners are required for applications where point-to-point driving is desirable. Because a non-resonant drive cannot amplify the drive angle owing to the resonance phenomenon, high values are difficult to achieve for the main performance metrics of the scanners: mirror area, drive angle, and operating frequency. In this paper, we present a two-axis scanner with a piezoelectric actuator made of a piezoelectric single-crystal Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 as the actuation force source. The scanner contains a circular mirror with a diameter of 7 mm and achieves an average static mechanical deflection angle amplitude of 20.8° in two axes with a resonant frequency of 559 Hz. It is equipped with a transmission mechanism that can decouple each axis to achieve high linearity; in our study, the nonlinearity error was less than 1°.

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Dou, Suguang, B. Scott Strachan, Steven W. Shaw, and Jakob S. Jensen. "Structural optimization for nonlinear dynamic response." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2051 (September 28, 2015): 20140408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0408.

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Much is known about the nonlinear resonant response of mechanical systems, but methods for the systematic design of structures that optimize aspects of these responses have received little attention. Progress in this area is particularly important in the area of micro-systems, where nonlinear resonant behaviour is being used for a variety of applications in sensing and signal conditioning. In this work, we describe a computational method that provides a systematic means for manipulating and optimizing features of nonlinear resonant responses of mechanical structures that are described by a single vibrating mode, or by a pair of internally resonant modes. The approach combines techniques from nonlinear dynamics, computational mechanics and optimization, and it allows one to relate the geometric and material properties of structural elements to terms in the normal form for a given resonance condition, thereby providing a means for tailoring its nonlinear response. The method is applied to the fundamental nonlinear resonance of a clamped–clamped beam and to the coupled mode response of a frame structure, and the results show that one can modify essential normal form coefficients by an order of magnitude by relatively simple changes in the shape of these elements. We expect the proposed approach, and its extensions, to be useful for the design of systems used for fundamental studies of nonlinear behaviour as well as for the development of commercial devices that exploit nonlinear behaviour.

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Young, S. S., and D. Tesarowski. "Respiratory mechanics of horses measured by conventional and forced oscillation techniques." Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 2467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.6.2467.

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Respiratory mechanics were compared using conventional and forced oscillation techniques in six conscious horses and a mechanical model of the equine respiratory system. The parameters calculated from conventional airflow and esophageal pressure measurements were pulmonary resistance and dynamic compliance. The impedance of the respiratory system was measured at 1, 2, and 3 Hz with the forced oscillation technique, and respiratory system resistance, compliance, inertance, and resonant frequency were calculated. Pulmonary resistance was 1.0 +/- 0.3 cmH2O.l-1.s, and pulmonary dynamic compliance was 2.4 +/- 0.6 l/cmH2O. With the use of the forced oscillation system, respiratory resistance was 1.61 +/- 0.50 cmH2O.l-1.s at 1 Hz, compliance was 0.195 +/- 0.075 l/cmH2O, inertance was 0.026 +/- 0.0095 cmH2O.l-1.s2, and resonant frequency was 2.40 +/- 0.25 Hz. Data collected from a model of the respiratory system showed a close correlation between resistance and compliance measured with the two systems. This study demonstrates that the forced oscillation technique is a useful method for noninvasive measurement of respiratory mechanics in horses.

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Liu, Yulei, Fengqiang Qian, and Lizhong Xu. "Four field coupled dynamics for a micro resonant gas sensor." Journal of Vibroengineering 18, no. 2 (March 31, 2016): 717–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/jve.2015.16307.

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In a micro resonant gas sensor, the electrostatic excitation is used widely. For a micro resonant gas sensor with electrostatic excitation, four physical fields are involved. In this paper, for the micro resonant gas sensor, the four-field coupled dynamics equation is proposed. It includes mechanical force field, chemical density field, electrostatic force field, and the van der Waals force field. Using the method of multiple scales, the coupled dynamics equation is resolved. The effects of the four physical fields on the natural frequencies for the micro resonant gas sensor are investigated. Results show that the effects of the Van der Waals force on the natural frequencies of the micro resonant gas sensor depend on the mechanical parameters and the bias voltages; the sensitivity of the natural frequencies to the gas adsorption depends on the mechanical parameters, the bias voltages, and the Van der Waals force.

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Luo, Albert C. J., and Fei-Yue Wang. "Nonlinear Dynamics of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System With Time-Varying Capacitors." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1597211.

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The natural frequency and responses of a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) with time-varying capacitors are determined under an equivalent direct current (DC) voltage. Under alternating current (AC) voltages, the resonant condition and the corresponding resonant motion possessing a wide energy band for such a system are investigated because the motion with the wide energy band is very easily sensed. For a given voltage strength, the AC frequency band is obtained for chaotic resonant motions in the specific resonant layer. The numerical and analytical predictions of such a motion are in a acceptable agreement, and the dynamic model provides the range prediction of the alternating current and voltage on the capacitor agreeing with experimental measurements. The lower-order resonant motion has a higher energy than the higher-order resonant motions, which indicates that the lower-order resonant motion can be easily sensed. Although this model is developed from a specified MEMS, the analysis and results can be applied to other dynamic systems.

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Temnykh, Alexander B., and Richard V. E. Lovelace. "Electro-mechanical resonant magnetic field sensor." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 484, no. 1-3 (May 2002): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)02066-6.

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Matsko, A. B., A. A. Savchenkov, and L. Maleki. "Stability of resonant opto-mechanical oscillators." Optics Express 20, no. 15 (July 2, 2012): 16234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.016234.

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Samaranayake, G., S. Samaranayake, and A. K. Bajaj. "Non-resonant and resonant chaotic dynamics in externally excited cyclic systems." Acta Mechanica 150, no. 3-4 (September 2001): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01181808.

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Bennet-Clark, H. C. "Resonators in insect sound production: how insects produce loud pure-tone songs." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 23 (December 1, 1999): 3347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.23.3347.

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In a resonant vibration, two reactive elements, such as a mass and a spring, interact: the resonant frequency depends on the magnitude of these two elements. The build-up and decay of the vibration depend on the way the resonator is driven and on the damping in the system. The evidence for the existence of resonators in insect sound production is assessed. The mechanics of different types of sound-producing system found in insects is described. Mechanical frequency-multiplier mechanisms, which convert the relatively slow contraction of muscles to the higher frequency of the sound, are commonly used to convert the comparatively slow muscle contraction rate to the higher frequency of the sound. The phasing and rate of mechanical excitation may also affect the frequency and duration of the sound that is produced. Although in many insects the song may appear to be produced by the excitation of a simple resonator, the song frequency may not be constant, suggesting that other factors, such as the mechanism of excitation, or variation of the effective mass or elasticity of the system during sound production, may be additional determinants of the song frequency. Loud, and hence efficient, transduction of the energy of a mechanical resonator into sound may involve a second stage of transduction which, by damping the resonator, may compromise tonal purity. Some insect singers resolve this problem by tuning both stages of transduction to the same frequency, thereby maintaining tonal purity.

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Tung, Hsin-Han, and Chien-Ping Lee. "Quantum-Mechanical Calculations of Resonant Semiconductor Devices: A QMWI Approach." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 08, no. 04 (December 1997): 685–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156497000275.

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In this paper we describe two novel resonant semiconductor superlattice structures to serve as quantum-mechanical energy band-pass filters. Such structures allow the incident electrons to be nearly totally transmitted when the impinging electron energy is in the passband. On the other hand, a complete reflection occurs when the impinging energy is in the stopband. This special characteristic can be explained using the concept of quantum-mechanical wave impedance (QMWI) matching method. We also study the scattering effects on the transmission spectrum of a resonant tunneling diode (RTD). The resonant time τwell calculated form QMWI method is compared with the scattering time τs to determine whether the tunneling mechanism is coherent or sequential tunneling.

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Fan, Fan, Dandan Feng, Rui Wang, Qiang Zhang, and Haijun Niu. "The Elasticity Coefficients Measurement of Human Dentin Based on RUS." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7852971.

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This paper proposed to take advantages of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) to measure the mechanical properties of human dentin specimen. The resonant spectroscopy of the dentin specimen was obtained between the frequency bands 155 and 575 kHz, and resonant frequencies were extracted by linear predictive filter and then by Levenberg-Marquardt method. By inverse problem approach, 13 experimental resonant frequencies progressively matched to the first 30 orders of theoretical resonant frequencies calculated by Lagrangian variational method. The full second-order elastic tensor of dentin specimen was adjusted. The whole set of human dentin engineering moduli, including Young’s moduli (E11=22.641 GPa, E33=13.637 GPa), shear moduli (G12=10.608 GPa, G23=7.742 Gpa), and Poisson’s ratios (ν12=0.067, ν31=0.378), were finally calculated. This study demonstrates that RUS can be successfully adapted to measure the mechanical properties of low quality factor biomaterials.

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Magalas, Leszek B. "Mechanical Spectroscopy of Oil Films on Metallic and Neutral Substrates." Solid State Phenomena 137 (March 2008): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.137.215.

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Characteristic low-temperature mechanical loss peaks are reported in cold-rolled steel sheets. Similar mechanical loss peaks are observed in both metallic and paper substrates covered with thin oil films. The surface induced origin of these peaks is elucidated through direct comparison of mechanical loss peaks observed in the as-received, cold-rolled samples with loss peaks observed in metallic and paper substrates covered with thin films of the arachis oils. In all of these instances, similar low-temperature mechanical loss peaks are observed in the temperature range from 180 K up to 300 K in both low-frequency resonant and low-frequency sub-resonant mechanical spectrometers. It is concluded that low-temperature mechanical loss peaks are generated by surface induced effects that arise from the oil film itself.

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Li, Ying. "Mechanical Design on Finite Element Method for Ring Laser Gyroscope." Applied Mechanics and Materials 421 (September 2013): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.421.116.

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The gyroscopes have been used as a suitable inertial instrument for the navigation guidance and attitude controls. The accuracy as very sensitive sensor is limited by the lock-in region (dead band) due to the frequency coupling between two counter-propagating waves at low rotation rates. This frequency coupling gives no phase difference, and an angular increment is not detected. This problem can be overcome by mechanically dithering the gyroscope. This paper presents the design method of mechanical dither by the theoretical considerations and the verification of the theoretical equations through FEM applications. As a result, comparing to the past result, the maximum prediction error of resonant frequency was within 3 percent and peak dither rate was within 5 percent. It was found that the theoretical equations can be feasible for the mechanical performance of dither.

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Rogacheva, Nelly. "PASSIVE VIBRATION SUPPRESSION OF STRUCTURES IN THE VICINITY OF NATURAL FREQUENCIES USING PIEZOEFFECT." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 15, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2019-15-2-125-134.

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The proposed method of passive vibration suppression of structures is based on the use of the piezoelectric effect, which consists in the ability of the piezoelectric material to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and conversely. As it is known if the frequency of forced vibrations tends to the resonant frequency, all the desired quantities (forcers, moments, displacements and deformations) grow indefinitely. A new idea is that as we approach the resonant frequency, we change the electrical conditions on the electrodes of piezoelectric layers, thereby obtaining a different boundary value problem and a different spectrum of natural frequencies. Thus, we manage to get away from the resonant vibrations of the structure. Using the example of a laminated beam with elastic and piezoelectric layers the possibility of damping vibrations caused by mechanical load is studied. In this paper, a mathematically based model is used to solve the problem in question. The calculations are performed and the results are presented in the form of graphs. It is shown that forcers, moments, displacements and deformations of beam in the vicinity of the natural frequency can be significantly reduced by as a result of changes in the electrical conditions on the electrodes of the piezoelectric layers.

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CHEN, YONGZE, and R. T. GUZA. "Resonant scattering of edge waves by longshore periodic topography." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 369 (August 25, 1998): 91–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098001700.

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The resonant scattering of topographically trapped, low-mode progressive edge waves by longshore periodic topography is investigated using a multiple-scale expansion of the linear shallow water equations. Coupled evolution equations for the slowly varying amplitudes of incident and scattered edge waves are derived for small-amplitude, periodic depth perturbations superposed on a plane beach. In ‘single-wave scattering’, an incident edge wave is resonantly scattered into a single additional progressive edge wave having the same or different mode number (i.e. longshore wavenumber), and propagating in the same or opposite direction (forward and backward scattering, respectively), as the incident edge wave. Backscattering into the same mode number as the incident edge wave, the analogue of Bragg scattering of surface waves, is a special case. In ‘multi-wave scattering’, simultaneous forward and backward resonant scattering results in several (rather than only one) new progressive edge waves. Analytic solutions are obtained for single-wave scattering and for a special case of multi-wave scattering involving mode-0 and mode-1 edge waves, over perturbed depth regions of both finite and semi-infinite longshore extent. In single-wave backscattering with small (subcritical) detuning (i.e. departure from exact resonance), the incident and backscattered wave amplitudes both decay exponentially with propagation distance over the periodic bathymetry, whereas with large (supercritical) detuning the amplitudes oscillate with distance. In single-wave forward scattering, the wave amplitudes are oscillatory regardless of the magnitude of the detuning. Multi-wave solutions combine aspects of single-wave backward and forward scattering. In both single- and multi-wave scattering, the exponential decay rates and oscillatory wavenumbers of the edge wave amplitudes depend on the detuning. The results suggest that naturally occurring rhythmic features such as beach cusps and crescentic bars are sometimes of large enough amplitude to scatter a significant amount of incident low-mode edge wave energy in a relatively short distance (O(10) topographic wavelengths).

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HUSSAIN, FAZLE, DHOORJATY S. PRADEEP, and ERIC STOUT. "Nonlinear transient growth in a vortex column." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 682 (July 19, 2011): 304–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.226.

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Growth of optimal transient perturbations to an Oseen vortex column into the nonlinear regime is studied via direct numerical simulation (DNS) for Reynolds number, Re (≡ circulation/viscosity), up to 10000. An optimal bending-wave transient mode is obtained from linear analysis and used as the initial condition. (DNS of a vortex column embedded in finer-scale turbulence reveals that optimal modes are preferentially excited during vortex–turbulence interaction.) Tilting of the optimal mode's radial vorticity perturbation into the azimuthal direction and its concomitant stretching by the column's strain field produces positive Reynolds stress, hence kinetic energy growth. Modes experiencing the largest growth are those with initial vorticity localized at a ‘critical radius’ outside the core, such that this perturbation vorticity resonantly induces core waves. Resonant forcing leads to growth of perturbation energy concentrated within the core. Moderate-amplitude (~5%) perturbations cause significant distortion of the core and generate secondary filament-like spiral structures (‘threads’) outside the core. As the mode evolves into the nonlinear regime, radially outward self-advection of thread dipoles accelerates growth arrest by removing the perturbation from the critical radius and disrupting resonant forcing. With increasing Re, the evolving vorticity patterns become more chaotic, more turbulent-like (finer scaled, contorted vorticity), and persist longer. This suggests that at typical Re (~106), nonlinear transient growth may indeed be able to break up, hence induce rapid decay of, column vortices – highly relevant for addressing the aircraft wake hazard crisis and the looming air traffic capacity crisis. In addition, we discover a regenerative transient growth scenario in which threads induce secondary perturbations closer to the vortex column. A parent–offspring regenerative mechanism is postulated and verified by DNS. There is a clear trend towards stronger regenerative growth with increasing Re. These results, showing an important role of transient growth in turbulent vortex decay, are highly relevant to the prediction and control of vortex-dominated flows.

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Eyre, B., K. S. J. Pister, and W. Kaiser. "Resonant mechanical magnetic sensor in standard CMOS." IEEE Electron Device Letters 19, no. 12 (December 1998): 496–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/55.735758.

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GUTIÉRREZ, E., and D. K. ARROWSMITH. "CONTROL OF A DOUBLE IMPACTING MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR USING DISPLACEMENT FEEDBACK." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 14, no. 09 (September 2004): 3095–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812740401120x.

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A model which allows a double impacting regime for a particle undergoing simple harmonic motion is considered in some detail. The behavior of the particle in the weak spring limit is considered. Symmetries of the motion are found and the extent of the resonant dynamical behavior is considered. Control equations are developed and strategies are described for both the preservation and the annihilation of experimental and analytical resonant periodic orbits.

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Islam, Mohammad M., Chih Fang Huang, and Feng Zhao. "Single-Crystal SiC Resonators by Photoelectrochemical Etching." Materials Science Forum 717-720 (May 2012): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.717-720.529.

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In this paper, we report single-crystal 4H-SiC resonant structures fabricated by dopant-selective photoelectrochemical etching. The frequency response of the resonant beams was characterized by a dynamic scanning method using AFM with the beams excited by a piezoelectric actuator under atmosphere pressure and room temperature. The beam with a length of 35 μm shows mechanical resonance at 945 kHz. The Young’s modulus of single-crystal SiC was derived from the measured resonant frequency. Single-crystal 4H-SiC resonators developed in this study fully exploit the excellent electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties of SiC, while dopant-selective photoelectrochemical etching technique significantly simplifies the fabrication process.

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Boyd, J. N., and P. N. Raychowdhury. "A double chain of coupled circuits in analogy with mechanical lattices." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 14, no. 2 (1991): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171291000480.

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A unitary transformation obtained from group theoretical considerations is applied to the problem of finding the resonant frequencies of a system of coupledLC-circuits. This transformation was previously derived to separate the equations of motion for one dimensional mechanical lattices. Computations are performed in matrix notation. The electrical system is an analog of a pair of coupled linear lattices. After the resonant frequencies have been found, comparisons between the electrical and mechanical systems are noted.

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Hawwa, M. A., and O. R. Asfar. "Mechanical-Wave Filtering in a Periodically Corrugated Elastic Plate." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2889628.

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The method of multiple scales is employed to analyze the interaction of SH modes in an elastic plate having periodically corrugated outerfaces. Two types of resonant conditions leading to two-mode as well as four-mode interactions are considered. The results of the analysis are utilized to develop ultrasonic mechanical wave filters operating on frequency bands centered at the resonant frequency. The stop-band filter frequency response is presented in terms of the power reflection coefficient. The characteristics of reflection of these filters are enhanced by imposing amplitude taper on the periodic corrugations.

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CHU, BAOJIN, WENYI ZHU, MINGJIN CHU, NAN LI, and L. ERIC CROSS. "TUNING THE RESONANT FREQUENCIES OF FLEXURE MODE FLEXOELECTRIC PIEZOELECTRIC COMPOSITES." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 01, no. 01 (January 2011): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x11000069.

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The newly developed flexure mode flexoelectric composites have extremely high direct piezoelectric response around mechanical resonant frequency. Methods of tuning the resonant frequencies of the composites were studied in this paper. The resonant frequencies can be adjusted by changing dimensions of ferroelectric ceramic bars in the composites or by adding an additional mass on the composites. Design of flexure mode composites with multiple resonant frequencies was also studied.

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Kojic, Tijana, Milan Radovanovic, Goran M. Stojanovic, Bojana Pivas, Deana Medic, and Hani Al-Salami. "Comparison of performances of flexible sensors on foil and paper for efficient bacterial concentration measurement." Sensor Review 40, no. 1 (February 7, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-04-2018-0082.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop flexible sensors for detection of different concentrations of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, in saline. Design/methodology/approach The sensors were fabricated using ink-jet printing technology and they consist of a pair of silver interdigitated electrodes printed on mechanically flexible substrates – foil and paper. In house measurement setup for testing and characterization of sensors has been developed. Structural, electrical and mechanical properties of flexible sensors have been determined and compared. Findings The characteristics of sensor – the resonant frequency as a function of different concentrations of each bacteria – are presented. The obtained results demonstrate different resonant frequencies for each dilution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in physiological saline. Research limitations/implications Both sensors showed accurate measurements of bacterial count, which can be achieved with detection of resonant frequency, and this is reflective of the number of bacterial cells within a sample. Practical implications The findings suggest that the newly developed method based on measuring resonant frequency corresponds well with bacterial cell count, thus establishing a new proof-of-concept that such method can have significant applications in bacterial cell counting that are economic and easily maintained. Social implications Fast, cost-effective, accurate and non-invasive method for detection of different bacteria from saline was developed. Originality/value For the first time, comparison between performances of flexible sensors on foil and paper for bacteria detection is demonstrated. Almost linear dependence between shift of resonant frequency of developed sensors and concentration of bacteria has been obtained.

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Lee, C. L., and N. C. Perkins. "Experimental Investigation of Isolated and Simultaneous Internal Resonances in Suspended Cables." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 117, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2874468.

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The near resonant response of suspended elastic cables driven by harmonic, planar excitation is investigated experimentally. Measurements of large amplitude cable motions confirm previous theoretical predictions of fundamental classes of internally-resonant responses. For particular magnitudes of equilibrium curvature, strong modal interactions arise through isolated (two-mode) or simultaneous (three-mode) internal resonances. Four qualitatively different periodic responses are observed: (1) pure planar response, (2) 2:1 internally resonant nonplanar response, (3) 1:1 internally resonant nonplanar response, and (4) simultaneous, 2:2:1 internally resonant nonplanar response. Quasiperiodic responses are also observed.

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Su, Xiao-Xing, Zi-Long Dou, and Heow Pueh Lee. "Stimulated Brillouin scattering in a sub-wavelength anisotropic waveguide with slightly-misaligned material and structural axes: misalignment-sensitive behaviors and underlying physics." Journal of Optics 24, no. 4 (March 7, 2022): 045002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac432b.

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Abstract The stimulated Brillouin scatterings (SBSs) in sub-wavelength rutile waveguides with slightly misaligned material and structural axes are numerically studied. The misalignment is introduced between the extraordinary material axis and longitudinal axis of the waveguide only. Four nanowire waveguides with different cross-sectional geometries are considered. They consist of a circular waveguide, two elliptical waveguides with different cross-sectional orientation angles, and a trapezoidal waveguide with a completely unsymmetrical cross-sectional shape. As previously reported, the resonant peaks emerge rapidly in response to the introduced small misalignment angle and can also be observed in the calculated Brillouin gain spectra of the considered waveguides. But these misalignment-sensitive resonant peaks further exhibit some extraordinary behaviors, which may not be intuitively understandable. For instance, despite a plausible absence of symmetry breaking, many misalignment-sensitive resonant peaks can still be observed in the forward SBS gain spectrum of the trapezoidal waveguide. Based on the symmetry properties of the considered waveguides, the physics underlying the observed extraordinary phenomena are revealed. The obtained results highlight the effectiveness of introducing symmetry breakings for activating/harnessing opto-mechanical couplings in photonic-phononic micro structures, which would enable us to gain some deeper insights into the sub-wavelength opto-mechanics in anisotropic media.

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Zheng, Xingwen, Ying Yang, Qing Zhang, Jing Li, and Xiaohui Liu. "Band bending induced resonant tunneling in ferroelectric tunnel junctions." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 13 (September 26, 2022): 132902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106693.

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Aside from direct tunneling, resonant tunneling could be introduced into ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) to improve the functionalities. Using a quantum-mechanical model of tunneling, we studied the band bending induced resonant tunneling in FTJs where the band bending could be realized by a proper composite layer and an interface dipole layer. We hope that our work could stimulate further studies of resonant tunneling effects in FTJs.

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Hanazaki, Hideshi. "On the wave excitation and the formation of recirculation eddies in an axisymmetric flow of uniformly rotating fluids." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 322 (September 10, 1996): 165–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112096002753.

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The inertial waves excited in a uniformly rotating fluid passing through a long circular tube are studied numerically. The waves are excited either by a local deformation of the tube wall or by an obstacle located on the tube axis. When the flow is subcritical, i.e. when the phase and group velocity of the fastest wave mode in their long-wave limit are larger than the incoming axial flow velocity, the excited waves propagate upstream of the excited position. The non-resonant waves have many linear aspects, including the upstream-advancing speed of the wave and the coexisting lee wavelength. When the flow is critical (resonant), i.e. when the long-wave velocity is nearly equal to the axial flow velocity, the large-amplitude waves are resonantly excited. The time development of these waves is described well by the equation derived by Grimshaw & Yi (1993). The integro-differential equation, which describes the strongly nonlinear waves until the axial flow reversal occurs, can predict the onset time and position of the recirculation eddies observed in the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical results and the theory both show that the flow reversal most probably occurs on the tube axis and also when the waves are excited by a contraction of the tube wall. The structure of the recirculation eddies obtained in the solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations at Re = 105 is similar to the axisymmetric or ‘bubble-type’ breakdown observed in the experiments of the vortex-breakdown which used a different non-uniform (Burgers-type) rotation. In uniformly rotating fluids the formation of the recirculation eddies has not been observed in the previous numerical studies of vortex breakdown where a straight tube was used and thus the inertial waves were not excited. This shows that the generation of the recirculation eddies in this study is genuinely explained by the topographically excited large-amplitude inertial ‘waves’ and not by other ‘instability’ mechanisms. Since the wave cannot be excited in a straight tube even in the non-uniformly rotating flows, the generation mechanism of the recirculation eddies in this study is different from the previous numerical studies for the vortex breakdown. The occurrence of the recirculation eddies depends not only on the Froude number and the strength of the excitation source but also on the Reynolds number since the wave amplitude generally decreases by the viscous effects. Some relations to the experiments of vortex breakdown, which have been exclusively done for non-uniformly rotating fluids but done in a ‘non-uniform tube’, are discussed. The flow states, which are classified as supercritical, subcritical or critical in hydraulic terminology, changes along the flow when the upstream flow is near resonant conditions and a non-uniform tube is used.

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Kranz, Michael. "Challenges Facing Resonant MEMS Sensors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (January 1, 2010): 001401–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-wa25.

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Many MEMS/NEMS sensors, including gyroscopes, chemical sensors, and RF filters utilize the mechanical resonance of the MEMS/NEMS structure as a highly sensitive detector. Typically, changes in the external environment lead to changes in the resonant frequency or amplitude. Due to the low-loss of micro and nano mechanical structures, large quality factors are achievable, leading to sharp resonance curves that change greatly after only small changes in the environment. This allows sensitive detectors, but also leads to poor stability and tight fabrication tolerances. This paper will discuss these issues as well as mitigation techniques including feedback control, tuning, differential operation, and sensor fusion, amongst others.

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Moon, Jeonghoon, Sungjun Park, and Sangkil Lim. "A Novel High-Speed Resonant Frequency Tracking Method Using Transient Characteristics in a Piezoelectric Transducer." Sensors 22, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 6378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176378.

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When driving the piezoelectric transducer (PT: piezo transducer), which is a key device, it is important for the ultrasonic system (using ultrasonic waves of 20 kHz or higher) to operate at a resonant frequency that can maximize the conversion of mechanical energy (vibration) from electrical energy. The resonant frequency of the PT changes during the actual operation according to the load fluctuations and environmental conditions. Therefore, to maintain a stable output in an ultrasonic system, it is essential to track the resonant frequency in a short time. In particular, fast resonant frequency tracking (RFT: resonant frequency tracking) is an important factor in the medical ultrasonic system, i.e., the system applied in this thesis. The reason is that in the case of a medical ultrasonic system, heat-induced skin necrosis, etc., may cause the procedure to be completed within a short period of time. Therefore, tracking the RFT time for maximum power transfer is an important factor; in this thesis, we propose a new high-speed RFT method. The proposed method finds the whole system resonance frequency by using the transient phenomenon (underdamped response characteristic) that appears in an impedance system, such as an ultrasonic generator, and uses this to derive the mechanical resonance frequency of the PT. To increase the accuracy of the proposed method, parameter fluctuations of the pressure of the PT, the equivalent circuit impedance analysis of the PT, and a MATLAB simulation were performed. Through this, the correlation between the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic system, including the LC filter with nonlinear characteristics and the mechanical resonance frequency of the PT, was analyzed. Based on the analyzed results, a method for tracking the mechanical resonance frequency that can transfer the maximum output to the PT is proposed in this thesis. Experiments show that using the proposed high-speed RFT method, the ultrasonic system can track the mechanical resonance frequency of the PT with high accuracy in a short time.

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Liu, Zeng, and Shi-Jun Liao. "Steady-state resonance of multiple wave interactions in deep water." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 742 (February 24, 2014): 664–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.2.

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AbstractThe steady-state resonance of multiple surface gravity waves in deep water was investigated in detail to extend the existing results due to Liao (Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., vol. 16, 2011, pp. 1274–1303) and Xu et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 710, 2012, pp. 379–418) on steady-state resonance from a quartet to more general and coupled resonant quartets, together with higher-order resonant interactions. The exact nonlinear wave equations are solved without assumptions on the existence of small physical parameters. Multiple steady-state resonant waves are obtained for all the considered cases, and it is found that the number of multiple solutions tends to increase when more wave components are involved in the resonance sets. The topology of wave energy distribution in the parameter space is analysed, and it is found that the steady-state resonant waves indeed form a continuum in the parameter space. The significant roles of the near-resonance and nonlinearity were also revealed. It is found that all of the near-resonant components as a whole contain more and more wave energy, as the wave patterns tend from two dimensions to one dimension, or as the nonlinearity of the steady-state resonant wave system increases. In addition, the linear stability of the steady-state resonant waves is analysed. It is found that the steady-state resonant waves are stable, as long as the disturbance does not resonate with any components of the basic wave. All of these findings are helpful to enrich and deepen our understanding about resonant gravity waves.

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OKAMURA, MAKOTO. "Almost limiting short-crested gravity waves in deep water." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 646 (February 10, 2010): 481–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009992795.

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We investigate the properties of almost limiting short-crested gravity waves with harmonic resonance for various incident angles. When the incident angle is less than 47.5°, the enclosed crest angle in non-resonant limiting waves is 90°, which corresponds to that in standing waves. In contrast, when the incident angle exceeds 47.5°, the enclosed crest angle in non-resonant limiting waves is 120°, which corresponds to that in two-dimensional progressive waves. The enclosed crest angle is 90° in resonant limiting waves for all incident angles. The crest becomes flatter than the trough in resonant limiting waves if the fundamental mode has a different sign from its harmonic resonant mode. Bifurcation of short-crested waves is also investigated.

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Mustafa, Muhammad, Mian Rizwan, Muhammad Kashif, Tahir Khan, Muhammad Waseem, and Andres Annuk. "LC Passive Wireless Sensor System Based on Two Switches for Detection of Triple Parameters." Sensors 22, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 3024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22083024.

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This paper presents the LC-type passive wireless sensing system for the simultaneous and independent detection of triple parameters, featuring three different capacitive sensors controlled by two mechanical switches. The sensor coil was connected with three different capacitors in parallel and two mechanical switches were in series between every two capacitors, which made the whole system have three resonant frequencies. The readout coil was magnetically coupled with the sensor coil to interrogate the sensor wirelessly. The circuit was simulated advanced design system (ADS) software, and the LC sensor system was mathematically analyzed by MATLAB. Results showed that the proposed LC sensing system could test three different capacitive sensors by detecting three different resonant frequencies. The sensitivity of sensors could be determined by the capacitance calculated from the detected resonant frequencies, and the resolution of capacitance was 0.1 PF and 0.2 PF when using the proposed sensor system in practical applications. To validate the proposed scheme, a PCB inductor and three variable capacitors were constructed with two mechanical switches to realize the desired system. Experimental results closely verified the simulation outputs.

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Shoshani, Oriel, and Steven W. Shaw. "Resonant modal interactions in micro/nano-mechanical structures." Nonlinear Dynamics 104, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 1801–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-021-06405-3.

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AbstractThis paper considers nonlinear interactions between vibration modes with a focus on recent studies relevant to micro- and nanoscale mechanical resonators. Due to their inherently small damping and high susceptibility to nonlinearity, these devices have brought to light new phenomena and offer the potential for novel applications. Nonlinear interactions between vibration modes are well known to have the potential for generating a “zoo” of complicated bifurcation patterns and a wide variety of dynamic behaviors, including chaos. Here, we focus on more regular, robust, and predictable aspects of their dynamics, since these are most relevant to applications. The investigation is based on relatively simple two-mode models that are able to capture and predict a wide range of transient and sustained dynamical behaviors. The paper emphasizes modeling and analysis that has been done in support of recent experimental investigations and describes in full detail the analysis and attendant insights obtained from the models that are briefly described in the experimental papers. Standard analytical tools are employed, but the questions posed and the conclusions drawn are novel, as motivated by observations from experiments. The paper considers transient dynamics, response to harmonic forcing, and self-excited systems and describes phenomena such as extended coherence time during transient decay, zero dispersion response, and nonlinear frequency veering. The paper closes with some suggested directions for future studies in this area.

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Magalas, Leszek B., and T. Malinowski. "A New Multifunctional Subresonant and Resonant Mechanical Spectrometer." Solid State Phenomena 89 (February 2003): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.89.349.

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Gu, K., C. L. Tsui, and W. C. Wang. "MEMS Based Mechanical Resonant Push-Pull Scanning Endoscope." ECS Transactions 45, no. 33 (April 2, 2013): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/04533.0007ecst.

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Bergues-Pupo, Ana Elisa, Fernando Falo, and Alessandro Fiasconaro. "Resonant optimization in the mechanical unzipping of DNA." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 105, no. 6 (March 1, 2014): 68005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/105/68005.

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Arslan, Aslihan, Dean Brown, Wyatt O. Davis, Sven Holmstrom, Sertan Kutal Gokce, and Hakan Urey. "Comb-Actuated Resonant Torsional Microscanner With Mechanical Amplification." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 19, no. 4 (August 2010): 936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jmems.2010.2048095.

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Pruessner, Marcel W., Todd H. Stievater, Mike S. Ferraro, William S. Rabinovich, Jennifer L. Stepnowski, and R. Andrew McGill. "Waveguide micro-opto-electro-mechanical resonant chemical sensors." Lab on a Chip 10, no. 6 (2010): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b920463f.

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Marinis, Thomas F., and Joseph W. Soucy. "Response of Long Sculpted Wire Bonds to Vibrational Excitation." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 000665–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-wa44.

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The pitch of wire bond connections is decreasing to meet the need for higher interconnect densities, while at the same time, the ratio of wire length to diameter is increasing, which lowers the mechanical resonant frequency of the wire. In many applications in which MEMS sensors are coupled with ASIC front end electronics, the bonded wires can be subjected to a wide frequency spectrum of mechanical vibrations. One potential consequence is that the parasitic capacitances of the sensor could vary dynamically at a magnitude comparable to that of the sensor signal. In extreme cases, intermittent shorts or fatigue failures of the wire bonds could occur. A recent paper by Barber et. al, showed that wire bonds carrying alternating currents in a strong magnetic field could suffer fatigue failure.[1] Their analysis and experiments focused on simple loop geometries. In many applications, more complex wire bond geometries are used to minimize loop height and obtain dense wiring in stacked chip configurations. These geometries give rise to many more vibration modes with unique resonant frequencies and displaced shapes. We have used simple analytical beam models in conjunction with finite element models (FEM) to study various wire bond configurations subject to mechanical vibratory excitation. We focused on the effects of overall wire length and geometric shape on resonant modes. The finite element models were also used to calculate the capacitance between adjacent wires subject to mechanical excitation at one or more of their resonant frequencies. We show that there is an apparent shift in the time averaged capacitive coupling that increases with increasing vibration amplitude.

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Keller, Joseph B. "Resonantly interacting water waves." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 191, no. -1 (June 1988): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112088001685.

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Noid, W. G., and Roger F. Loring *. "Nonlinear spectroscopy of resonantly coupled classical mechanical molecular vibrations." Molecular Physics 103, no. 21-23 (November 10, 2005): 3071–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268970500245999.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical resonantor'

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