Journal articles: 'Mechanical pulping process Tasmania'

1

Sandberg, Christer, Jan-Erik Berg, and Per Engstrand. "Process intensification in mechanical pulping." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 32, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2017-32-04_p615-622_sandberg.

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Sandberg, Christer, Jan-Erik Berg, and Per Engstrand. "Process intensification in mechanical pulping - OPEN ACCESS." Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal 32, no. 04 (December 2017): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2017-32-04-p615-622.

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Iwasaki, Makoto. "Explosion pulping"Stake-process"." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 44, no. 8 (1990): 856–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.44.856.

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Sandberg, Christer. "Fibre development in an intensified mechanical pulping process." Holzforschung 75, no. 9 (April 13, 2021): 824–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2020-0242.

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Abstract Mechanical pulp for printing paper can be produced with a process that involve much less equipment and that require much lower specific energy compared to conventional processes. Even though common evaluation methods, e.g. handsheet testing, have shown that the pulp quality is similar for the simplified and the conventional processes, it is not known how fibre properties, at the microscopic level, is developed with the simplified process. In this mill scale study, the fibre properties attained with an “intensified” mechanical pulping process, consisting of single stage high consistency double disc refining followed by two stage low consistency refining and no reject treatment was investigated. The simplified process was compared to a process with a reject system. The simplified process rendered fibres with higher degree of fibrillation, higher share of axial splits, lower fibre wall thickness but slightly lower length than the conventional process. The fibrillar fines size distribution of the two processes was different. The conventional process generated more of small fibrillar fines which probably explains the higher tensile index at given density for that process. The results show that it is possible to simplify the production process for mechanical pulp and reduce the specific energy with over 700 kWh/adt.

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Sandberg, Christer, Jan-Erik Berg, and Per Engstrand. "Mill evaluation of an intensified mechanical pulping process." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2017-32-02-p204-210.

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Lee, Chuan Li, Kit Ling Chin, Paik San H’ng, Mohd Sahfani Hafizuddin, and Pui San Khoo. "Valorisation of Underutilized Grass Fibre (Stem) as a Potential Material for Paper Production." Polymers 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 5203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235203.

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An integrated and feasible approach was proposed using the underutilized grass fibre (stem) derived from Napier grass and sugarcane for paper production in this study. To enhance paper strength, pre-hydrolysis and beating techniques have been used to improve the chemical pulps and mechanical pulping process, respectively. Napier grass and sugarcane are promising non-wood sources for pulp production, owing to their high cellulose and low lignin and extractive content. With the additional mild alkaline pre-treatment to the mechanical pulping process, the lignin content was greatly reduced. The results reveal that the mechanical pulping with alkaline pre-treatment may indeed potentially replace the most prevalent pulping process (chemical pulping). As evidenced by the paper strength properties, mechanical pulping is far more suitable for grass-type biomass, particularly Napier grass, which had a folding endurance capability five times greater than chemical pulping. Furthermore, the remaining high hemicellulose content from mechanical pulping contributed to a high pulp yield, while also facilitating the fibrillation on the sugarcane’s laboratory paper handsheet. The findings also demonstrated that the additional beating process from chemical pulping causes the fibres to be drawn toward each other, resulting in a more robust fibre network that contributes to good paper strength. Consequently, this work sheds new light on the development of advanced paper derived from grass fibre.

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Nakamura, Tetsuji, Hiroshi Tsuchiya, and Takeo Nagasawa. "Research and development of solvolysis pulping. (V). Process engineering for solvolysis pulping." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 44, no. 2 (1990): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.44.235.

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Opedal, Mihaela Tanase, Per Stenius, and Lars Johansson. "Mechanical Pulping: REVIEW: Colloidal stability and removal of extractives from process water in thermomechanical pulping." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 26, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2011-26-03-p248-257.

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Sandberg, Christer, Jan Hill, and Michael Jackson. "On the development of the refiner mechanical pulping process – a review." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2019-0083.

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AbstractThis paper is a review of the development of the mechanical pulping process with focus on refiner-based processes. The intention is to provide an overview of the trends and the major advances in the development of the mechanical pulping (MP) process. The focus is on the development of the entire MP process, rather than the refiner as such. However, when discussing the MP process development, it is inevitable to consider the development of the refiner unit operation briefly. Processes for printing papers based on softwood is mainly discussed, but board processes are discussed briefly as well.

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Suhaimi, Nur Musfirah, Nurul Husna Mohd Hassan, Rushdan Ibrahim, and Latifah Jasmani. "Pulping Yield and Mechanical Properties of Unbeaten Bamboo Paper." Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 2 (March 28, 2022): 1397–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.2.30.

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One way to minimize emissions of greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change is to reduce the use of wood as the main material for pulp and paper production. Therefore, non-woody plants such as bamboo can be alternatives as raw materials for pulp and paper. This study aims to determine the effect of the different bamboo species and age on the bamboo pulping yield and bamboo mechanical paper properties. Bambusa vulgaris, Gigantochloa levis, and Gigantochloa scortechinii bamboo species or locally known as Aur, Beting, and Semantan bamboo at the age of 1, 3, and 5-year old, were pulped using Soda-Anthraquinone (AQ) pulping. No beating process was conducted to all the papermaking processes to evaluate the basic mechanical properties of the bamboo paper. Pulping yield ranged from 35.7 to 51.7% at different bamboo species and age, with the pulping conditions at 20% of NaOH, 170ºC pulping temperature, 90 min time to reach pulping temperature and 90 min time at pulping temperature, 1:6 of bamboo to liquor ratio and 0.1% of AQ based on bamboo oven-dried weight. The paper was made according to TAPPI Standard T205 sp- 95. The paper mechanical properties for burst index, tear index, tensile index, and folding endurance ranged from 1.32 to 2.36 kPa.m2/g, 7.48 to 14.9 Nm2/g, 16.02 to 29.68 Nm/g, and 2 to 28 double folds, respectively, at different bamboo species and age. It was found that Beting bamboo has the potential to be a viable raw material for pulp and paper products as it shows the highest mechanical properties compared to Aur and Semantan.

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Tanaka, Takashi, Toshio Yamada, and Shun Iwayama. "Application of Catalyst Technology in Pulping Process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 75, no. 8 (2021): 709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.75.709.

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Horikawa, Kenya. "Energy Saving in the OCC Pulping Process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 61, no. 6 (2007): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.61.674.

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Yamamori, Akihiro, and Taku Uchiumi. "Used Paper Recycling in the Pulping Process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 67, no. 6 (2013): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.67.645.

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Talebjedi, Behnam, Ali Khosravi, Timo Laukkanen, Henrik Holmberg, Esa Vakkilainen, and Sanna Syri. "Energy Modeling of a Refiner in Thermo-Mechanical Pulping Process Using ANFIS Method." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 5113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195113.

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In the pulping industry, thermo-mechanical pulping (TMP) as a subdivision of the refiner-based mechanical pulping is one of the most energy-intensive processes where the core of the process is attributed to the refining process. In this study, to simulate the refining unit of the TMP process under different operational states, the idea of machine learning algorithms is employed. Complicated processes and prediction problems could be simulated and solved by utilizing artificial intelligence methods inspired by the pattern of brain learning. In this research, six evolutionary optimization algorithms are employed to be joined with the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to increase the refining simulation accuracy. The applied optimization algorithms are particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), differential evolution (DE), biogeography-based optimization algorithm (BBO), genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony (ACO), and teaching learning-based optimization algorithm (TLBO). The simulation predictor variables are site ambient temperature, refining dilution water, refining plate gap, and chip transfer screw speed, while the model outputs are refining motor load and generated steam. Findings confirm the superiority of the PSO algorithm concerning model performance comparing to the other evolutionary algorithms for optimizing ANFIS method parameters, which are utilized for simulating a refiner unit in the TMP process.

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Yue, Jin Quan, and Hua Ying Wang. "The Application of Extruder in Chemical-Machinery Pulping Production and the Influence of the Wastewater Biochemical Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1182.

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Traditional chemical-machinery producing mainly took the refiner as the primary refining equipment. Extrusion pulping was the reformation of traditional refining pulping. The different equipments and processes resulted in the different characteristics of wastewater inevitably. This article aimed to compare the characteristics and biochemical treatment methods between conventional chemical-mechanical pulping and extrusion pulping, and then discuss the biochemical treatment advantages of extrusion pulping wastewater. The result shows that: the wastewater from the extrusion pulping has lower concentration of tiny fiber, load suspended matter, wastewater temperature and effluent discharge. And thus make a simpler process, a lower cost and a better effect of the wastewater treatment.

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Opedal, Mihaela Tanase, Per Stenius, Lars Johansson, and Jan Hill. "Mechanical Pulping: Flocculation of colloidal wood extractives in process water from precompression of chips in thermomechanical pulping." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2011-26-01-p064-071.

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KALYONCU, EVREN ERSOY. "ECO-FRIENDLY PULPING OF BANANA PSEUDO-STEM WASTES WITH POTASSIUM-BASED PROCESSES." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 56, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2022): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2022.56.12.

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This study aimed to investigate the usability of banana pseudo-stem wastes, remaining from banana cultivation, with eco-friendly K-based pulping processes. Three different K-based pulping processes, KOH, KOH-K2SO3, KOH-NH4OH, and soda process as control were studied. The temperature and the total alkali ratio were kept constant, while the cooking time was varied (60 min and 120 min) for each K-based pulping method. It was found that 60 min at 165 °C with 20% alkaline charge (calculated as Na2O) are the optimum conditions for all K-based pulping processes of banana pseudo-stems. K-based pulps produced under the same pulping conditions were compared with the control soda pulp. The pulp samples were characterized in terms of their mechanical, physical, morphological and optical properties. Also, their Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was performed. Among the eco-friendly K-based pulping processes investigated here, the KOH process can be considered as a promising alternative for pulping banana pseudo-stem waste, due to the excellent papermaking properties achieved.

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RUDIE, ALAN W., and PETER W. HART. "Catalysis-a potential alternative to kraft pulping." October 2014 13, no. 10 (November 1, 2014): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj13.10.13.

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A thorough analysis of the kraft pulping process makes it obvious why it has dominated for over a century as an industrial process with no replacement in sight. It uses low-cost raw materials; collects and regenerates over 90% of the chemicals needed in the process; and is indifferent to wood raw material and good at preserving the cellulose portion of the wood, the part that provides strong fibers. Although the process is odiferous, extremely capital intensive, and very poor at preserving hemicellulose yield, no alternatives have been able to replace it for process cost and product quality. There is a misconception that no new pulping processes have been discovered since the discovery of kraft pulping. Besides the minor adjustments—such as anthraquinone or polysulfide— chlorine, chlorite, and peracetic acid holopulping were discovered and evaluated decades ago. Various solvent pulping methods were discovered and evaluated in the 1980s and 1990s. This work continues with ionic solvents, deep eutectic solvents, and most recently protic ionic liquids. Where all these alternative processes fail is process cost. The chemicals are too expensive and too difficult to recover for use in a commercial process to produce wood pulp. The premise of this review is that the only way to achieve better performance and lower cost than the existing kraft pulping process will be a process using a catalyst to control and direct the reactions. With a high enough reaction rate and a sufficiently high number of turnovers, even an expensive catalyst can still be low cost. We reviewed the literature of existing pulping and delignification catalysts and propose research areas of interest for more intensive experimental efforts.

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Sugi, Takumi. "Fungicide and Water Reuse in the Pulping Process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 54, no. 2 (2000): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.54.198.

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Shimabayashi, Katsuomi. "The Development of Defoamer for Kraft Pulping Process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 58, no. 9 (2004): 1227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.58.1227.

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Ju, Yan. "Development of Continuous Cooking Process for Kraft Pulping." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 62, no. 7 (2008): 839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.62.839.

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Technical Committee, Pulping, Mitsuhiro Sugino, Tsukasa Watanabe, and Kouji Shioya. "Recent Report on Deinked Pulping Process in Japan." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 63, no. 3 (2009): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.63.300.

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Kobayashi, Seikichi, and Akifumi Hatta. "Mechanical Pulp & Non-wood Fiber. Thermopulp. A New Energy Efficient Mechanical Pulping Process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 52, no. 9 (1998): 1159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.52.1159.

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JARDIM, JULIANA M., PETER W. HART, LUCIAN LUCIA, and HASAN JAMEEL. "Probing the molecular weights of sweetgum and pine kraft lignin fractions." June 2021 20, no. 6 (July 1, 2021): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.6.381.

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The present investigation undertook a systematic investigation of the molecular weight (MW) of kraft lignins throughout the pulping process to establish a correlation between MW and lignin recovery at different extents of the kraft pulping process. The evaluation of MW is crucial for lignin characterization and utilization, since it is known to influence the kinetics of lignin reactivity and its resultant physicochemical properties. Sweetgum and pine lignins precipitated from black liquor at different pHs (9.5 and 2.5) and different extents of kraft pulping (30–150 min) were the subject of this effort. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to deter- mine the number average molecular weight (Mn), mass average molecular weight (Mw), and polydispersity of the lignin samples. It was shown that the MW of lignins from both feedstocks follow gel degradation theory; that is, at the onset of the kraft pulping process low molecular weightlignins were obtained, and as pulping progressed, the molecular weight peaked and subsequently decreased. An important finding was that acetobromination was shown to be a more effective derivatization technique for carbohydrates containing lignins than acetylation, the technique typically used for derivatization of lignin.

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Tosaka, Kunio, and Jisuke Hayashi. "Studies on alkali-oxygen pulping process. Part IV. By the oxidative bleaching of rice straw pulp obtained by oxygen pulping process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 39, no. 4 (1985): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.39.391.

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Gao, Jiyang, D. Mark Martinez, and Jams Olson. "Characterizing latency removal in mechanical pulping processes part I: Kinetics." February 2016 15, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj15.2.69.

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Latency removal in the mechanical pulping process occurs in a continuous stirred-tank reactor and non-ideal mixing lowers the performance. In order to optimize the latency removal process and reduce the energy consumption in the operation, a kinetic study was carried out. In the study, the phenomenon of latency and knowledge related to latency removal were critically reviewed and discussed. Latency removal was characterized by the change of Canadian Standard Freeness (or freeness), and its dependences on treatment conditions, i.e., disintegration temperature, power input, pulp consistency and time, were determined. Kinetic models of latency removal for secondary refiner thermomechanical (TMP) and bleached chemithermomechanical (BCTMP) pulps have been developed, which were based on the rate of latency elimination characterized by the decrease of freeness.

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Kunfong, Nutchanad, Phattharasaya Rattanawongkun, Nattaya Tawichai, Uraiwan Intatha, and Nattakan Soykeabkaew. "NH₄OH- KOH Pulping and Single-Stage Bleaching Processes of Banana Pseudostem Waste: A Feasibility Study for Molded Pulp Packaging Use." Materials Science Forum 1046 (September 22, 2021): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1046.77.

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The NH4OH-KOH pulping was a highly efficient process for extracting banana pseudostem waste (BNW) pulp. Besides, this greener pulping process allowed NH4OH recovery and KOH can be later used as fertilizer, reducing the environmental impact. It was found that the optimal BNW pulping condition was using 8.3 wt% NH4OH and 3.3 wt% KOH at a cooking temperature of 155°C for 1 h, and liquid to solid ratio 6:1. From the results, this process allowed low chemical usage and provided high pulp yield (44%) with a high delignification degree (80%) and low Kappa no. (22). After pulping, the single-stage bleaching of BNW pulp using 8 wt% H2O2 and 1.5 wt% NaOH at 90°C for 1 h was shown to improve the whiteness and brightness of the BNW molded pulp samples to 69.7% and 28.7%ISO (3-fold increase), respectively. As compared to commercial molded pulp food packaging, the present BNW molded pulp exhibited a superior tensile index of 54.3 Nm/g and Young’s modulus of 4.8 GPa.

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Fares, Yahia G. D., Ayman S. Taha, Wael A. A. Abo Elgat, Mohamed Z. M. Salem, Asma A. Al-Huqail, and Hayssam M. Ali. "Ecologically friendly modified green liquor method for enhancing the technological properties of sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) pulp." BioResources 15, no. 4 (August 10, 2020): 7458–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.7458-7474.

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Ordinary kraft pulping of bagasse was adjusted by utilizing green liquor at the laboratory and research of Misr-Edfu Pulp, Writing and Printing Paper in a small pilot batch digester (Edfu, Aswan, Egypt) as an environmentally friendly method. Bagasse pulp was produced with and without green liquor, and the physical and mechanical properties of unbleached bagasse were assessed. The parameter states of cooking were completed utilizing antacid substance charge from 10% to 13%, cooking temperature from 160 to 170 °C, cooking time from 20 to 50 min, and solid to liquor ratio of 7:1 that was steady in all preliminaries. The results demonstrated the exploratory idea that green liquor can provide critical pulping advantages in comparison with customary kraft pulping. Screened pulp yield improved 2.6%, rejects content decreased 0.9%, kappa number was reduced by 26.9%, and brightness was increased by 3%. There also was improved mechanical quality of bagasse pulp: increases of 14.3% (tensile index), 8.7% (tear index record), 4.6% (burst index), and 15.4% (double fold number) were observed compared with conventional kraft pulping. This process also saved money related to the expense of depleted vitality, lime consumed during causticizing process, and upkeep of the causticizing plant.

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Chen, Yuan, Kuizhong Shen, and Gaiyun Li. "Comprehensive evaluation of the industrial processing effects on the fiber properties of the pulps from wood residues." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 35, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 631–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0065.

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AbstractWood processing residue, as an essential forest resource, is underestimated in the industrial applications. With the development of pulping technology, fiber quality and cost control have become the important prospects. It is very crucial to investigate the influencing factors of pulping, designed to reveal the relationship between fiber separation and physical performances. In this study, a range of effect factors of large-scale pulping process, including wood species, pretreatment, mechanical conditions, and post-bleaching treatment, were comprehensively investigated. The results illustrated that the industrial pulping process affected the dimensions of the fibers, their surface morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability. The separated positions of the fibers were determined collectively by the mechanical temperature, time, and wood species. In addition, mild bleaching could effectively increase the crystallinity index, accessibility of the hydroxyl groups, and water retention values. However, it exerted a negative influence on the thermal stability. Further, chemical-assisted-refinement can replace higher temperature and prolonged ones to obtain pulp fibers with high quality while consuming less energy. Improved knowledge of how the industrial affects the fiber separation of a wood matrix and pulp quality is required as a basis for the development of the pulp and paper industry.

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Momohara, Ikuo, and Yuji Matsumoto. "Application of biological system to pulping and bleaching process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 45, no. 12 (1991): 1297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.45.1297.

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Egusa, Kiyoyuki. "Cleaning of Deposit at the Pulping, Pulp Making Process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 53, no. 9 (1999): 1153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.53.1153.

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Matsumura, Motohiro. "The Progress in Recausticizing Technology of Kraft Pulping Process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 64, no. 5 (2010): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.64.509.

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Dickson, Alan, Armin Thumm, Karl Murton, and David Sandquist. "The influence of mechanical pulping treatment on the physical properties of wood fibre plastic composites." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 29, 2020): 5532–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5532-5545.

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Medium density fibreboard (MDF) fibres produced by a mechanical pulping process have shown potential for reinforcement in natural fibre composites (NFCs). In this work, the effect of process options, available in a pilot-scale fibre processing facility, on NFC properties were investigated. These were: a) refining energy; b) pre-treatment by sulphonation (i.e. chemi-thermo-mechanical pulping (CTMP)) and c) whether the extractives stream (i.e. the plug screw pressate) was discarded or included with the fibre. There were improvements in composite performance with refining energy, although these were not strong or consistent across composite properties. The CTMP fibres gave a substantial improvement over conventional MDF fibres in flexural, tensile, and impact properties, which may be due to improved fibre-matrix interfacial properties because of better mechanical interlocking and the removal of extractives.

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Hu, Zhijun, Brian Musikavanhu, Jing Li, Jiang Lin, and Zhibin He. "ZnCl2 pretreatment of bamboo chips to produce chemi-thermomechanical pulp: Saving refining energy and improving pulp properties." BioResources 13, no. 3 (May 16, 2018): 5164–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.3.5164-5178.

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The pretreatment of biomass materials is critical for improvement of the overall production process and product quality. In this work, a dilute zinc chloride (ZnCl2) solution was used to pretreat bamboo chips, followed by defiberization (mechanical pulping). Compared to the results from the traditional chemi-thermomechanical pulping process, the results from this study showed that the refining energy consumption of the modified process was lowered 27%, and the tensile and burst index of the resultant pulp increased 22% and 82%, respectively. The morphological changes on the fiber surface, functional groups, and crystallinity of resultant pulps due to the ZnCl2 treatment were also analyzed.

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Myréen, B. "Pulp and Paper Manufacture in Transition." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1994): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0697.

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The development of pulp and paper production and technology is reviewed with special emphasis on its influence on the waste water discharge. The chemical pulping methods are in a rapid development phase, including novel processes as well as substantial changes taking place in the kraft pulping process. Due to the changing chemical pulping and bleaching practice, the chlorinated organic compounds in the effluent will lose their importance. Research should be focused on the effects of new contaminants introduced in chlorine-free bleaching, and on the natural substances occurring in wood that are causing the remaining toxicity of the effluent from both mechanical and chemical pulp mills. Enhanced recycling of post-consumer paper and board leads to an increased number of deinking plants with new types of discharges. Closure of process water loops are also expected in the near future, which may totally eliminate the process water discharges from modern mills.

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Sandberg, Christer, Jan-Erik Berg, and Per Engstrand. "Low consistency refining combined with screen fractionation: Reduction of mechanical pulping process complexity." BioResources 14, no. 1 (December 7, 2018): 882–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.882-894.

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Process intensification is a process development methodology aimed at a considerable reduction in the energy consumption and process complexity. The approach has been applied to mechanical pulping process design. A process denoted as HC-LC-S consisting of single stage high consistency (HC) refining, followed by low consistency (LC) refining and screening was evaluated in mill trials at the Holmen Paper Braviken Mill in Sweden. After LC refining, the pulp was screened, and the reject fraction was fed back to LC refining. Two HC primary refiner types were evaluated, namely single disc (SD) and double disc (DD). Double disc chip refining was more suitable than SD refining for the HC-LC-S process because of the higher light scattering and lower shives content of the final pulp. The tensile index and shives content of the pulp produced with the DD-LC-S process was similar to that of the reference process, consisting of single stage DD refining and HC reject refining, but the fibre length and light scattering were somewhat lower. The specific refining energy was approximately 200 kWh/adt lower for the DD-LC-S process compared with the reference. Additionally, the auxiliary specific energy was 100 kWh/adt lower for the HC-LC-S processes, since a number of equipment units were omitted.

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Aujla, Muhammad Ikram, Muhammad Akram Kashmiri, and Babar Ali. "Activated sludge and chemical treatment process for Chemi-Thermo-Mechanical Pulping black liquors." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 8, no. 1/2 (2011): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2011.040968.

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Ogawa, Hiroshi, Shu Ueda, Tadashi Sudo, and Kenji Shiraishi. "Electrolytic-oxidative treatment of waste liquor from kraft pulping process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 39, no. 6 (1985): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.39.567.

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39

Doi, Ryosuke. "Chemical Approach to Solving Pitch Problems in the Pulping Process." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 73, no. 8 (2019): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.73.755.

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HUANG, FANG, and ARTHUR RAGAUSKAS. "Integration of hemicellulose pre-extraction in the bleach-grade pulp production process." October 2013 12, no. 10 (November 1, 2013): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj12.10.55.

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Loblolly pine woodchips were first pre-extracted with 6 wt% (percent on original nonextracted o.d. wood weight) sodium hydroxide at room temperature overnight, then treated at 90°C for 90 min, following another 4 h extraction with the addition of 5 wt% boric acid to partially remove hemicellulose. During the subsequent bleach-grade kraft pulping process, the cooking intensity was alleviated, either by decreasing the cooking time (reduced H-factor by 35%) or decreasing the chemical charge by 30%, with the objective of obtaining similar pulp quality as the control cook. After elemental chlorine free bleaching and PFI refining, the results indicated that the pre-extracted pulp could maintain equal or similar brightness and physical strength as the control pulp through this optimization of the pulping process.

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He, Wenming, Huiren Hu, and Wang Li. "Multivariate-parameter optimization of the alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP) process for larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.) using Box-Behnken design." Holzforschung 67, no. 7 (October 1, 2013): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2012-0172.

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Abstract The study is aiming at the finding of optimal pulping conditions for the alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping process applied to larch in terms of brightness (% ISO) and tensile strength (TS). Based on three variables, the Box-Behnken experimental design was applied to determine the effects of the first-stage and second-stage dosages of H2O2 and the impregnation temperature on % ISO and TS. The equations based on the quadratic regression analysis were developed, which describe the response behaviors as the simultaneous functions of the selected independent variables. The best brightness achieved was 75.4% ISO under the following conditions: first-stage H2O2 3.5%, second-stage H2O2 3.54%, and impregnation temperature 81.4°C. The best TS (37.2 N·m g-1) was found under the following conditions: first-stage H2O2 2.4%, second-stage H2O2 3.9%, and impregnation temperature 90°C.

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Zhang, Yong, Chun Yu Cao, Wen Ying Feng, Ming Xu, and Wei Jun Lv. "Designing an Economical Membrane Process to Concentrate the Effluent from Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulping Plants." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.859.

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Using a multi-effect evaporation system to concentrate the effluent from alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) plants is known to require a high energy consumption. In order to improve the situation, a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was used to concentrate the effluent of APMP plants beforehand. An orthogonal experimental design was applied and a mathematical model was established to optimize the filtration parameters. An estimation of potential energy and water savings from this new concentration process was developed. The optimal filtration conditions obtained were: molecular weight cut-off at 10,000 Dalton, trans-membrane pressure at 3 bar, feed temperature at 50oC, cross-flow velocity at 420 rpm, and volume reduction factor at 0.93. The average permeate flux under these conditions was 45.31 l/m2.h. The total solids content was increased from 14.74 g/l in the feed to 95.04 g/l in the concentrate. The permeate had low total solid contents of 8.75 g/l, Chemical Oxygen Demand of 6696 mg/l, and Biochemical Oxygen Demand of 4383 mg/l. Such qualities would allow the permeate to be reused in the alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping process. With this new concentration process, about 4840.6 kWh energy can be saved and 23.3 m3 effluent discharge can be reduced for each ton of pulp produced.

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Martin-Sampedro, Raquel, Maria E. Eugenio, Esteban Revilla, Juan A. Martín, and Juan C. Villar. "Integration of kraft pulping on a forest biorefinery by the addition of a steam explosion pretreatment." BioResources 6, no. 1 (December 28, 2010): 513–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.1.513-528.

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Steam explosion has been proposed for a wide range of lignocellulosic applications, including fractionation of biomass, pre-treatment of biomass for ethanol production, or as an alternative to conventional mechanical pulping. Nevertheless, a steam explosion process could also be used as pretreatment before chemical pulping, expecting a reduction in cooking time due to the open structure of the exploded chips. Thus, to evaluate the effect of steam explosion as a pretreatment in the kraft pulping of Eucalyptus globulus, steam exploded chips and control chips were subjected to kraft cookings. Steam exploded chips provided pulps with reductions of kappa number by up to 70% with no significant change in viscosity. Therefore, the cooking time could be shortened by 60%, increasing the productivity and obtaining pulps with similar delignification degree to those of the control pulp. Furthermore, not only the production rate could be increased, but also most of the hemicelluloses could be recovered before pulping and converted to a value-added product. Finally, although exploded pulp had inferior mechanical strength, the optical properties, which are more important in eucalyptus pulps, were found to be better.

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Puke, Maris, Daniela Godina, Prans Brazdausks, Janis Rizikovs, and Velta Fridrihsone. "Thermomechanical and Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulping of Lignocellulose Residue Obtained from the 2-Furaldehyde Production Process." Materials 15, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 5872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175872.

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The necessity for the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, the growing demand for the improvement of biorefinery technologies, and the development of new biorefining concepts oblige us as a society, and particularly us, as scientists, to develop novel biorefinery approaches. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly evaluate the leftover lignocellulosic (LC) biomass obtained after the manufacture of 2-furaldehyde, with the intention of further valorizing this resource. This study demonstrates that by using thermomechanical and alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping techniques, birch wood chips can be used in the new biorefinery processing chain for the production of 2-furaraldehyde, acetic acid, and cellulose pulp. In addition, the obtained lignocellulosic residue is also characterized. To produce a lignocellulosic material without pentoses and with the greatest amount of cellulose fiber preserved for future use, a novel bench-scale reactor technology is used. Studies were conducted utilizing orthophosphoric acid as a catalyst to deacetylate and dehydrate pentose monosaccharides found in birch wood, converting them to 2-furaldehyde and acetic acid. The results showed that, with the least amount of admixtures, the yields of the initial feedstock’s oven-dried mass (o.d.m.) of 2-furaldehyde, acetic acid, and lignocellulose residue ranged from 0.04 to 10.84%, 0.51 to 6.50%, and 68.13 to 98.07%, respectively, depending on the pretreatment conditions utilized. The ideal 2-furaldehyde production conditions with reference to the purity and usability of cellulose in residual lignocellulosic material were also discovered through experimental testing. The experiment that produced the best results in terms of 2-furaldehyde yield and purity of residual lignocellulose used a catalyst concentration of 70%, a catalyst quantity of 4%, a reaction temperature of 175 °C, and a treatment period of 60 min. It was possible to create pulp with a tensile index similar to standard printing paper by mechanically pulping the necessary LC residue with alkaline peroxide, proving that stepwise 2-furaldehyde production may be carried out with subsequent pulping to provide a variety of value-added goods.

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Li, Li Xia, and Hai Tao Chen. "Study on the Physical and Chemical and Mechanical Pulping Characteristic of Cotton Stalk Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.158.

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Straw resource was tremendous, however it was utilized poorly. So the research of physical, chemical and mechanical pulping properties of cotton stalk fiber laid the foundation for utilization of cotton stalk. Morphology of cotton stalk fiber was determined by Feica microscope, the length, width and length to wide ratio were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Chemical composition changes of cotton stalk fiber after mechanical process were analyzed by applying Block test method with Design-expert 6.0.10.The result present that composition of fiber had significant difference. Hemicellulose decreased by 1.68 %, cellulose decreased by8.85 %, lignin increased by 5.87 %. Beating degree was positively correlated with the pulping time, beating time and wet weight were a negative correlation. Strength of cotton stalk fiber was positively with the gramme, and strength was 8.5 N when gramme was 60 g/m2.

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KEMPPAINEN, KALLE, OSSI LAITINEN, MIKA KÖRKKÖ, MIRJA ILLIKAINEN, and JOUKO NIINIMÄKI. "Analysis of prewetting conditions for old magazine papers before pulping in deinking." June 2011 10, no. 6 (July 1, 2011): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.6.7.

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Recent research on deinking with an old newspaper (ONP)/old magazine (OMG) furnish and with a 100% ONP furnish demonstrates that the ink-substrate bond might not be sufficiently weakened within the short wetting time used in conventional pulping. If enough time for paper wetting is allowed before pulping, better ink detachment could be achieved when compared with conventional pulping. However, it has remained unclear how different prewetting conditions affect ink detachment and fragmentation when processing OMG-based furnish, such as supercalendered (SC) and lightweight coated (LWC) papers. In this study, we investigated the influence of prewetting time, temperature, and chemistry on the optical properties of rotogravure printed SC and heatset offset printed LWC-based pulps, when prewetting is performed without mechanical action before the actual pulping process. Different prewetting times (0-24 h) and temperatures (25°C-65°C) were tested with conventional alkaline soap chemistry and with reduced alkaline soap chemistry. The results for SC pulp support earlier findings and reveal that ink detachment can be improved by wetting SC paper with conventional deinking liquor before pulping. With SC paper, the longer the prewetting time, the lower the amount of attached ink after pulping. Ink that is printed on a coating (LWC paper) is easily detachable; therefore, its release cannot be improved by prewetting. Ink fragmentation was similar with and without prewetting treatment for SC- and LWC-based pulps.

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TAO, LI, JOSEPH M. GENCO, BARBARA J. W. COLE, and RAYMOND C. FORT. "Selectivity of oxygen delignification for southern softwood kraft pulps with high lignin content." August 2011 10, no. 8 (September 1, 2011): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.8.29.

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The selectivity of kraft pulping versus the oxygen delignification processes over the range of kappa nos. 25–90 was compared. Kraft pulping was found to be more selective than oxygen delignification for removing lignin from southern softwood kraft pulps. The greater selectivity is thought to be related to hydroxyl radicals that form in the oxygen delignification process that are not present in the kraft process. The hydroxyl radicals attack the carbohydrates and randomly cleave the polymeric chains, causing a significant decrease in the degree of carbohydrate polymerization and thus a loss of viscosity. Kraft pulping generates hydrosulfide ions that are highly selective and attack the lignin. Carbohydrate degradation occurs mainly from peeling reactions, which do not appreciably reduce the degree of polymerization of the cellulose and thus there is less viscosity loss. At low lignin content (i.e., low kappa number), the remaining lignin is likely bound covalently to the carbohydrate portion in both processes. Therefore, removal of the lignin results in significant degradation of the carbohydrates.

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Li, Li Xia, and Hai Tao Chen. "Study on the Physical and Chemical and Mechanical Pulping Characteristic of Tobacco Stalk Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 1081–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.1081.

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Straw resource was tremendous, however it was utilized poorly. So the research of physical, chemical and mechanical pulping properties of tobacco stalk fiber laid the foundation for utilization of tobacco stalk. Morphology of tobacco stalk fiber was determined by Feica microscope, the length, width and length to wide ratio were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Chemical composition changes of tobacco stalk fiber after mechanical process were analyzed by applying Block test method with Design-expert 6.0.10.The result present that composition of fiber had significant difference. Hemi-cellulose increased by 3.24%, cellulose increased by 9.62%, lignin increased by 2.52%. Beating degree was positively correlated with the pulping time, beating time and wet weight were a negative correlation. Strength of tobacco stalk fiber was positively with the gramme, and strength was 17 N when gramme was 60 g/m2.

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FERDOUS, TASLIMA, M. A. QUAIYYUM, KAZI M. YASIN ARAFAT, and M. SARWAR JAHAN. "Characterization of chia plant (Salvia hispanica) for pulping." October 2020 19, no. 10 (November 1, 2020): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.10.511.

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In this paper, chia plant was characterized in terms of chemical, morphological, and anatomical properties. Chia plant was characterized with low α-cellulose (30.5%); moderate lignin (23.2%) with syringyl to guaiacyl ratio of 1.41; and shorter fiber length (0.67 mm) with thinner cell wall (1.91 μm) and good flexibility coefficient (71.44). Anatomical features showed that chia plant consists of vessels, fibers, parenchyma cells, and collenchyma cells. Chia plant pulping was evaluated in soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) and formic acid/peroxyformic acid (FA/PFA) processes. Chia plant was difficult to delignify in the alkaline process. The FA/PFA process produced higher pulp yield at the same kappa number than the soda-AQ process. Unbleached soda-AQ chia pulp exhibited good proper-ties in terms of tensile, bursting, and tearing strengths, even at the unrefined stage, due to high drainability of the pulps. Alkaline peroxide bleached FA/PFA pulp exhibited better papermaking properties and 2% higher brightness than the D0(EP)D1 bleached soda-AQ pulp.

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Santoku, Keisuke. "The Stabilization of the Pulping Process by Introducing the Pulp Machine." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 66, no. 4 (2012): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.66.336.

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