Journal articles: 'Mechanical properties and image analysis'

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Shibata, Mario, Mizuki Tsuta, Junichi Sugiyama, Kaori Fujita, Mito Kokawa, Tetsuya Araki, and Hiroshi Nabetani. "Image Analysis of Bread Crumb Structure in Relation to Mechanical Properties." International Journal of Food Engineering 9, no. 1 (June 8, 2013): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2012-0163.

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AbstractTo correlate the mechanical properties with the crumb structure of bread, a simple and objective method of measuring air bubbles of crumb samples was developed using an image scanner and digital image processing. Four images of the sample scanned in four orthogonal directions were aligned and combined to obtain an enhanced image in which air bubble regions were emphasized by min-operation, selecting the minimum gray level among the four images for each pixel. Next, Otsu’s method was applied to threshold each sub-image of the enhanced image in order to quantify the geometries of the air bubbles precisely, and then the black regions of the image were found to be air-bubbles. As a result, the four air-bubble parameters of the bread samples were determined to be mean bubble area, mean bubble perimeter, number of bubbles, and bubble area ratio. In addition, the viscoelastic properties of the samples were measured by the creep test and determined to significantly correlate with the bubble area ratio (r > 0.59, p < 0.05). This indicates that with increasing air-bubble area, crumb hardness increases. The proposed method is inexpensive and easy to operate, and thus is considered to be applicable to the quality assessment in food factories.

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Ming, Ng Cui, Nicole Liew Siaw Ing, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, Zaid Hazim Al-Saffar, Muhammad Naqiuddin Mohd Warid, and Haryati Yaacob. "Image Analysis and Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mixture with Waste Plastic." Key Engineering Materials 912 (March 4, 2022): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-5v446b.

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Cracking is a typical problem that deteriorates the strength and longevity of a pavement structure. Waste plastic in pavement construction is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The use of waste plastic has been growing in recent years. Adding waste plastics to the asphalt mixture would improve its physical and mechanical characteristics. As a result, it is a sustainable and long-term solution that helps to reduce plastic waste and preserve the environment. This research aims to develop the image analysis and assess the characteristic of modifying bitumen with different percentages of plastic wastes (0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). Using blending processes, modified bitumen was prepared. The binder used in this study is penetration grade PEN 60/70. Marshall Test, Indirect Tensile Strength, Resilient Modulus and Dynamic Creep Modulus test were carried out to determine the optimum percentage of waste plastic in asphalt mixture. The modified binders can be used in high-performance asphalt mixtures, as well as to use a well-developed image analysis technique using ImageJ software to characterize asphalt pavement surfaces. The result shows that the modified asphalt mixture is more efficient than the conventional asphalt mixture. Addition of the waste plastic proved sufficient to increase the performance of the asphalt pavement as modified asphalt mixture performance is more stable than conventional mixture.

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Mao, Qian, Yonghai Sun, Jumin Hou, Libo Yu, Yang Liu, Chao Liu, and Na Xu. "Relationships of Image Texture Properties with Chewing Activity and Mechanical Properties during Mastication of Bread." International Journal of Food Engineering 12, no. 4 (June 1, 2016): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2015-0309.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships of image texture properties with chewing behaviors, and mechanical properties during mastication of bread. Gray-level gradient co-occurrence matrix (GGCM) was used to process the images of boluses. The chewing behaviors were recorded by electromyography (EMG), and the mechanical properties were measured by texture analyzer. The results showed that among the texture features, the inverse difference moment (IDMGGCM) was selected as the main parameter to describe the decomposition of boluses. IDMGGCM was positively related to the weight gain (r = 0.865, p < 0.01), negatively correlated with hardness (r = –0.835, p <0.01) and EMG activity per cycle (r = –0.767, p < 0.01). GGCM is an effective texture analysis method that could correctly identify 70.1–80.8 % of food bolus images to the corresponding chewing cycles. This study provided a new clue for texture analysis of bread bolus images and offered data revealing the bolus property changes during the mastication of bread.

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S.Hiremath, P., Anita Sadashivappa, and Prakash Pattan. "Microstructure Image Analysis for Estimating Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cast Iron." International Journal of Computer Applications 107, no. 17 (December 18, 2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/18846-0278.

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Zhang, X., and V. K. Berry. "Quantitative image analysis of polymer blends." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 920–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100172334.

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Quantitative image analysis is important in understanding the role of microstructure in polymer blend properties, as revealed by the TEM. This paper presents an example of the application of the image analysis method to the study of structure/property relationship of an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer.ABS is a rubber-toughened two-phase polymer blend. As shown in Figure 1, the microstructure of ABSconsists of small rubber particles embedded in a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) matrix. The morphologies of these blends, which depend on the polymerization conditions, play a key role to the overall physical and mechanical properties of the blends. The quantitative characterization of the rubber phase involves measuring its volume fraction as well as the particle size distribution.Four ABS samples, available commercially, with different levels of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR),were used in this study. The samples were block stained, using osmium tctroxide (OsO4) solution, and thin sectioned in an ultramicrotome.The thin sections were examined in a JEM-100CX II TEM, operated at 60KV. The representative images were acquired on a SEMICAPS Imaging System using a GATAN CCD TV rate camera.

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Debayle, Johan. "Geometrical and morphometrical tools for the inclusion analysis of metallic alloys." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 5 (2019): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019011.

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The mechanical and use properties of metal alloys depend on several factors, including the amount and the geometry of impurities (inclusions). In this context, image analysis enables these inclusions to be studied from digital images acquired by various systems such as optical/electron microscopy or X-ray tomography. This paper therefore aims to present some geometrical and morphometrical tools of image analysis, in order to characterize inclusions in metal alloys. To achieve this quantification, many geometrical and morphometrical features are traditionally used to quantitatively describe a population of objects (inclusions). Integral geometry, via Minkowski’s functionals (in 2D: area, perimeter, Euler-Poincaré number), has been particularly investigated in image analysis. Nevertheless, they are sometimes insufficient for the characterization of complex microstructures (such as aggregates/agglomerates of objects). Other quantitative parameters are then necessary in order to discriminate or group different families of objects. In particular, shape diagrams are mathematical representations in the Euclidean plane for studying the morphology (shape) of objects, regardless of their size. In addition, this representation also makes it possible to analyze the evolution from one shape to another. In conclusion, image analysis using integral geometry and shape diagrams provide efficient tools with known mathematical properties to quantitatively describe inclusions (providing separate information on size and shape). The geometrical characteristics of these inclusions could thereafter be related to the mechanical properties of the metal alloys.

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Muoio, Annamaria, Cristiano Calabretta, Viviana Scuderi, Massimo Zimbone, and Francesco La Via. "Automatic Image Analysis of Stackingfault." Materials Science Forum 1062 (May 31, 2022): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ad93l3.

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3C silicon carbide is a semiconductor with remarkable properties, making it ideal for the development of long lasting devices, working in harsh environments and under high particle flows. The most significant obstacle to its wider diffusion is the presence of extended, bidimensional and linear defects in its crystal lattice. The purpose of this research is to automatically recognize defects from a TEM image by algorithm that calculates distances and angles.

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GAO, X., and J. TAN. "ANALYSIS of EXPANDED-FOOD TEXTURE BY IMAGE PROCESSING PART II: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." Journal of Food Process Engineering 19, no. 4 (November 1996): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.1996.tb00404.x.

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Rao, Chetana, and Erol Tutumluer. "Determination of Volume of Aggregates: New Image-Analysis Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1721, no. 1 (January 2000): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1721-09.

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The importance of using quality aggregates with specific gradation and shape properties in asphalt concrete has been recognized by the Strategic Highway Research Program under a set of developed consensus aggregate properties. The flat and elongated ratio and angularity of the aggregate particles are those properties that directly influence the rutting potential of an asphalt pavement. Along with a need to develop rapid and automated methods for determining flat and elongated ratios of individual aggregate particles, there is also a need to develop an accurate and repeatable experimental technique. A new aggregate image analyzer has been recently developed at the University of Illinois that uses three video cameras for accurately determining the volume of each aggregate and for automating the determination of flat and elongated particles, angularity, and gradation. A new image-analysis approach determines the percentage by weight of the flat and elongated particles providing results comparable to the manual results from ASTM D4791 by presenting the results as ratios of weights. The significance of making such accurate volume computations of an individual aggregate using images is discussed. The computed aggregate volumes and the percentages by weight of flat and elongated ratios obtained for two bag samples were in very good agreement with the manual measurements, thus validating the correctness of the imaging technique and the effectiveness of the new aggregate image analyzer.

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Ryszkowska, Joanna. "Applications of Quantitative Image Analysis to the Description of the Morphology of Boehmite and their Polyurethane Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 1658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1658.

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This paper presents the application of stereology methods to the description of morphological properties of nanoboehmite and its nanocomposites. Images of boemithe, fracture and cut surface of composites were obtained using high-resolution electron microscopy technique and atomic force microscopy. Quantitative analysis of the fracture structure images obtained with HRSEM technique, allowed us to explain the mechanism of changes of mechanical and thermal properties of polyurethane nanocomposites, as well as allowed to determine relationships between structure characteristics and properties of examined materials. Quantitative image analysis was also found to be useful in comparative analysis of polyurethane nanocomposites structure and structure of boehmite and products of its modification.

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Hemer, Abubkr Mohamed, L. J. Milovic, Muammar M. Ben Isa, and Abdusalam M. Sharf. "TEM Image Analysis of Fracture Surfaces of P91 Steel and Comparison with Mechanical Properties." مجلة علوم البحار والتقنيات البيئية 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/jmset.v7i2.22.

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In order to improve the efficiency of steam boilers in modern power plants, engineers have to use contemporary materials that enable exploitation at higher parameters, primarily operating temperature and pressure, with resistance to different forms of corrosion at the same time. For that purpose, contemporary 9-12Cr martensitic steels, designated P91, P92, E911, VM12-SHC, and SHM12, were developed. The paper analyzes experimental research on the behavior of commercial ferritic steel P91 samples. Behavior data on the heat affect zone (HAZ) of welded joints were obtained by testing smooth specimens produced by simulation of the new material welding. A survey of testing hardness and tensile properties is given and images of the fracture surfaces of the samples were processed. Image analysis with ImagePro Plus confirmed experimental testing results for the grain size measured by the circle method and a comparative relationship between the percentage of carbides, precipitates, and lamellar diameters with respect to temperature is provided. The material that was PWHT (post-weld heat treatment) has the highest mean value of lamellar diameter, which indicates increased toughness and decreased hardness compared to BM and material without PWHT i.e (The higher lamellar diameter, the smaller material hardness).

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Huang, Haohang, Jiayi Luo, Erol Tutumluer, John M. Hart, and Andrew J. Stolba. "Automated Segmentation and Morphological Analyses of Stockpile Aggregate Images using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (August 27, 2020): 285–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120943887.

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Particle size and morphological/shape properties ensure the reliable and sustainable use of all aggregate skeleton materials placed as constructed layers in transportation applications. The composition and packing of these aggregate assemblies rely heavily on particle size and morphological properties, which affect layer strength, modulus, and deformation response under vehicular loading and therefore facilitate the quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) process. Aggregate imaging systems developed to date for size and shape characterization, however, have primarily focused on measurement of separated or slightly contacting aggregate particles. Development of efficient computer vision algorithms is urgently needed for image-based evaluations of densely stacked (or stockpile) aggregates, which requires image segmentation of a stockpile for the size and morphological properties of individual particles. This paper presents an innovative approach for automated segmentation and morphological analyses of stockpile aggregate images based on deep learning techniques. A task-specific stockpile aggregate image dataset is established from images collected from various quarries in Illinois. Individual particles from the stockpile images are manually labeled on each image associated with particle locations and regions. A state-of-the-art object detection and segmentation framework called Mask R-CNN is then used to train the image segmentation kernel, which enables user-independent segmentation of stockpile aggregate images. The segmentation results show good agreement with ground-truth labeling and improve the efficiency of size and morphological analyses conducted on densely stacked and overlapping particle images. Based on the presented approach, stockpile aggregate image analysis promises to become an efficient and innovative application for field-scale and in-place evaluations of aggregate materials.

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Song, Peng Ran, and Chang Ming Wang. "Study for Quantitative Analysis of Loess Microstructure Influence." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.522.

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Microstructure is a important index of soil physical, mechanical and engineering properties, SEM images and computer image processing technology make the soil microstructure research developing rapidly in recent years, but the researches on the influence factors and important degree are rare. Process the images form scanning electron microscopy test with the image processing toolbox of MATLAB. Fractal dimensions, porosities and pore size distributions are calculated in different analyzing windows, thresholds and magnifications. The results show that:1) As the results of the experiment influenced greatly by the smaller analyzing windows, in order to get the real calculation value, the medium section was processed; 2) Fractal dimension values are less influenced than porosities and pore size distributions by different thresholds; 3) Too big magnification can cause inaccurate fractal dimensions. Porosities and pore size distributions are inverse growing with increasing of magnification.

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Padovec, Zdeněk, Radek Sedláček, Milan Růžička, and Pavel Růžička. "Analysis of Mechanical Properties of the “Bearing” Part Based on Polished Samples." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2017-0021.

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AbstractPresented work describes the use of algorithm for the computation of thermo-elastic properties of randomly reinforced composite which is based on histogram from image analysis done on ITAM, CAS. Three polished samples from “Bearing” part were analyzed. Results are used for verification of the algorithm functionality and primarily for computation of thermo-elastic properties which were compared with each other and used in modified FE analysis.

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Slota, Ján, Miroslav Jurčišin, and Emil Spišák. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Local Mechanical Properties of Drawn Part." Key Engineering Materials 586 (September 2013): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.586.245.

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In this study, numerical and experimental results of deep drawing process were compared. Drawn part, used in automotive industry was drawn and measured using ARGUS measurement system, which works on a digital image correlation method (DIC). In order to optimize and verify accuracy of a numerical simulation results, this process was modeled in two codes which work on principle of the finite element method (FEM). Two types of FEM codes were used. Code which works on base of both, implicit and explicit time integration scheme, were used for calculation. Results were compared and discussed.

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Rahmoun, K., H. I. Faraoun, G. Bassou, C. Mathieu, and N. E. Chabane Sari. "Determination of Mechanical Properties of Porous Silicon with Image Analysis and Finite Element." Physics Procedia 55 (2014): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2014.07.056.

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Razavi, Seyed M. A., A. Bostan, and R. Rahbari. "Computer Image Analysis and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Wild Sage Seed (Salvia macrosiphon)." International Journal of Food Properties 13, no. 2 (February 24, 2010): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942910802398453.

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Wang, Shu Yong, Jian Fu, and Qian Li Wang. "Finite Element Modeling Method of 3D Braided Composites Based on ICT Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.16.

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A finite element modeling method based on industrial computed tomography (ICT) technique is proposed to address the insufficient accuracy of traditional grinding method for the meso-structure analysis of composite materials. In this method, the slice images of 3D composites are first acquired by ICT technique. And then, the internal meso-structure images of composite materials are obtained through the digital image processing to the slice images. Finally the meso-structure images are converted to vector format and inputted ANSYS to build the finite element model for the analysis of the mechanical properties. The experimental results show that this method can establish the finite element model and reveal the internal structure and the inherent mechanical properties of composite materials. These researches provide a reference for the manufacture processing of 3D braided composites, and the theoretical basis for the optimal design and performance evaluation. It would be of significance for the improvement of the composites mechanical properties.

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Supriya, S., J. Selwinrajadurai, and P. Anshul. "MICROSTRUCTURE BASED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF PARTICLE FILLED POLYMER COMPOSITE." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 5 (December 2017): 681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-503.

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Particle filled polymer composites are widely used because of its tailor-made properties and ease of manufacturability. Existing micro mechanical models to characterize heterogeneous material are based on the Representative Volume Element (RVE). The assumptions made in the RVE model, play a crucial role in the exact prediction of effective properties of the composites. In this work, microstructure based RVE is utilized to predict the effective properties of Solid Glass Microsphere (SGM) filled epoxy composite. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image obtained from the specimens fabricated at different loading fractions is processed in MATLAB. Canny edge detection algorithm is utilized for processing the images. The random dispersion of the particle is exactly modeled in ANSYS from the MATLAB output. The effective Young’s modulus of the SGM filled epoxy composite is determined. The numerically predicted values are compared with the experimental value and analytical models.

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van Haaften, Eline E., Mark C. van Turnhout, and Nicholas A. Kurniawan. "Image-based analysis of uniaxial ring test for mechanical characterization of soft materials and biological tissues." Soft Matter 15, no. 16 (2019): 3353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02343c.

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Liu, Hong Mei, Lan Min Wang, and Peng Gao. "The Mechanical Properties of Cement Reinforced Loess and Pore Microstructure Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 527 (February 2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.527.25.

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Natural deposit of loess has large pores and weak cementation, resulting weak shear strength and large deformation under external stress, which is the major engineering problem of the loess ground. By adding suitable amount of ordinary Portland cement to treat the loess can increase the shear strength to meet the needs of ground safety. In this study, triaxial test is carried out to evaluate improvement of the unconfined compressive strength and shear strength of loess after adding certain amount of Portland cement, also by scanning electron microscope observation and analysis of SEM images using image processing system, it is found that the cement improved microstructure of loess, increased clay content and enhanced cementation, thus increased the shear strength.

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Gao, Feng, Gang Li, Takanori Nagasaka, Masanori Hayase, and Hiroshi Okada. "Characterizing and Modeling Mechanical Properties of Circulating Tumor Cells by One-Way Fluid Structure Interaction Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.250.

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The objective is to study on inverse analysis for the mechanical properties of circulating tumor cells and estimate the mechanical properties. For the adsorbed cells in the micro flow path, experimental image of cell deformation under flow was obtained. The strain is defined based on the image and it is shown for the relationship with flow rate. The fluid analysis was performed to compute the stress acting on the spheres in the micro flow path. The amount of deformation of the cells was examined with changes in the Young's modulus. It consists combining experimental results with a numerical finite element model in order to find out the mechanical properties of circulating tumor cells. The procedure proposed may be also applicable in estimating other physical and mechanical properties of cells.

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Szachogluchowicz, Ireneusz, Lucjan Sniezek, Tomasz Slezak, Janusz Kluczyński, Krzysztof Grzelak, Janusz Torzewski, and Teresa Fras. "Mechanical Properties Analysis of the AA2519-AA1050-Ti6Al4V Explosive Welded Laminate." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 4348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194348.

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Explosively welded layered materials made of (a) an AA2519 aluminum alloy (AlCuMgMn + ZrSc), (b) titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and (c) an intermediate layer composed of a thin aluminum alloyed AA1050 layer are considered herein. This study presents test results connected to measurement science including microstructural observations of the material combined with the explosive method, and a basic analysis of the strength properties based on microhardness and tensile tests. Owing to the joint’s special manufacturing conditions, the laminate was subjected to deformation measurements with the digital image correlation (DIC) method. The research was supplemented by the residual stress measurements with the sin2ψ X-ray method based on the diffraction–reflection analysis that was verified by the bore trepanation method.

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Masad, Eyad, Joe W. Button, and Tom Papagiannakis. "Fine-Aggregate Angularity: Automated Image Analysis Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1721, no. 1 (January 2000): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1721-08.

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Angularity is one of the important aggregate properties contributing to the permanent deformation resistance of asphalt mixtures. Therefore, methods that are able to rapidly and accurately describe aggregate angularity are valuable in the design process of asphalt mixtures. Two computer-automated procedures, which make use of the advances in digital-image processing, to quantify fine aggregate angularity, are presented. The first method relies on the concepts of the erosion-dilation techniques. This consists of subjecting the aggregate surface to a smoothing effect that causes the angularity elements to disappear from the image. Then, the area lost as a result of the smoothing effect is calculated and used to quantify angularity. The second method is based on the fractal approach. Image-analysis techniques are used to measure the fractal length of aggregate boundary. The fractal length increases with aggregate angularity. The proposed imaging techniques are used to capture the aggregate angularity of 23 sand samples that represent a wide range of materials. The results are compared with visual analysis and indirect methods of measuring fine-aggregate angularity, such as the uncompacted air voids, and the angle of internal friction of aggregate mass. In general, the results indicate much promise for measuring aggregate properties using automated imaging technologies.

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Kuo, Chun-Yi, and Reed B. Freeman. "Image Analysis Evaluation of Aggregates for Asphalt Concrete Mixtures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1615, no. 1 (January 1998): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1615-09.

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The performance of asphalt concrete mixtures is influenced by the properties of the included aggregates, such as grading, shape (angularity and elongation), and texture (roughness). Complete and accurate quantification of aggregate properties is essential for understanding their influence on asphalt concrete and for selecting aggregates to produce high-quality paving mixtures. Recent developments in the use of digital image analysis techniques for quantifying aggregate morphological characteristics in asphalt concrete are summarized. Image morphological characteristics were used to quantify flatness and elongation of coarse aggregates, to estimate the proportion of natural sand in fine aggregates, and to correlate aggregate characteristics with engineering properties of asphalt concrete mixtures. Image analysis of sections also revealed information about the grading, shape, and orientation of coarse aggregates in a mixture. An overview is presented of the broad range of useful pavement engineering applications of this relatively new approach for evaluating aggregate characteristics.

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Du, Xinyu, and Dan Wu. "Visual inspection system for trackside communication and signal infrastructure." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 235, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719899201.

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Trackside communication and signal infrastructure (TCSI) plays an important role in the safe operation of a high-speed railway system. However, it is a challenge to inspect such infrastructure using a vision-based system because of the uneven illumination and various reflection properties of the TCSI surfaces. This paper puts forward a visual inspection system installed on an inspection car for TCSI. The visual inspection system first captures the trackside images using the image acquisition system. Then, an image processing method using a varying-scale Retinex algorithm is implemented so that the visual inspection system can enhance the contrast of these trackside images. The method changes the size of the Gaussian kernel adaptively according to the image details in order to prevent halo artifacts and graying-out effects inherent in many image enhancement algorithms. By comparison with several state of the art methods, varying-scale Retinex is validated to overcome the local inhomogeneous brightness of images and make those images more suitable for browsing and analysis for inspectors. Composed of the image acquisition system and varying-scale Retinex, the visual inspection system is installed on many inspection cars in China for performing visual inspection.

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Shin, Jun Ho, Nam Yong Jee, Leslie J. Struble, and R. James Kirkpatrick. "Modeling Alkali-Silica Reaction Using Image Analysis and Finite Element Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1050.

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The objective of this study is to develop a numerical model based on microstructural images of concrete and fundamental material properties of each constituent of concrete subjected to alkali-silica reaction (ASR). A microstructure-based finite element approach is employed directly to analyze the mechanical response of concrete to ASR. The modeling work involves acquiring and processing of microstructural images of specimens suffering from ASR using scanning electron microscopy, and implementing finite element program to analyze the microstructural images. The formulation of this model is based on pressure caused by the ASR product and on properties such as Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. The finite element analysis program used to simulate structural behavior of structures attacked by ASR is object-oriented finite element developed at National Institute of Standards and Technology. The numerical results from this model are compared with experimental data, which have been measured using ASTM standard test C1260. The results show that the development and widening of cracks by formation and swelling of ASR gel cause the majority of expansion of mortar specimens rather than elastic elongation due to gel swelling.

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Brunhoeber, Olivia M., Dinu Arakkal, Rourou Ji, Marta Miletić, and Lauren E. Beckingham. "Impact of mineral composition and distribution on the mechanical properties of porous media." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020502006.

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Geological sequestration of CO2 in deep saline formations is a promising means of reducing atmospheric CO2 emissions. Once injected, CO2 dissolves into formation brine, lowering pH and creating conditions favorable for mineral dissolution. Cations released from dissolving minerals may create conditions favorable for secondary mineral precipitation, which can result in the long-term mineralogical trapping of injected CO2. These reactions may alter the natural rock mechanical properties, which can affect the safety and efficiency of geological sequestration. This work aims to investigate the impact of mineral composition and distribution on the mechanical properties of porous media. In this study, the mineralogy, mineral distribution, and mechanical properties of samples from Escambia County, AL, are evaluated. The mechanical properties of the rock samples are evaluated using the unconfined compression and indirect tensile tests in the combination with digital image correlation. The mineral composition and distribution are determined through the analysis of scanning electron microscopy backscattered electron and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy images of thin sections. These analyses showed that the mechanical properties vary with composition, which may have significant practical consequences for geological sequestration of CO2.

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Mishra, Rajesh, Hafsa Jamshaid, and Jiri Militky. "Investigation of mechanical properties of basalt woven fabrics by theoretical and image analysis methods." Fibers and Polymers 18, no. 7 (July 2017): 1369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-017-1082-0.

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Barburski, Marcin, Ilya Straumit, and Stepan V. Lomov. "Internal Structure of the Sheared Textile Composite Reinforcement: Analysis Using X-Ray Tomography." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.325.

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X-ray micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) is a non-destructive technique that can provide information on the internal structure of materials. The purpose of micro-CT is to assess the presence of defects as well as characterizing internal structures and potential damage present in the produced part. Simple shear is an interesting deformation mechanism for woven fabric draping. The internal structure change of the carbon fibre twill fabric after shear deformation is chosen as a subject of this paper. Parameters of the mesoscopic internal structure of the woven fabric like cross section, shape, area, and middle line coordinates can be obtained from micro-CT images through image processing procedures. Details of the image data processing for sheared fabric cross sections are discussed. This paper illustrates the possibilities of micro-focus computer tomography in materials research, namely for defining geometrical properties of textile. Image processing is also used for the recognition of fibre direction in the yarns. Described methodology can be applied for determining structure of a fabric, and the results can be used for further micromechanical modelling. Identification of the fibres orientation is important for estimation of the mechanical properties of composites and can be achieved with image processing techniques.

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Petrů, Michal, Martina Syrovátková, Tomáš Martinec, and Petr Lepšík. "Analysis of Changes in the Surface Quality of a UD Prepregs Composite due to Mechanical Loading." Materials Science Forum 818 (May 2015): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.818.109.

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Optimizing the mechanical properties of composites is very important for light low energy constructions. Unidirectional prepreg (UD prepreg) is an intermediate product synthesizing a unidirectional layer of carbon fibres with a matrix. This can be used in the production of continuous fibres of reinforced composites. The individual layers can be stacked on top of each other to precisely orientate the layers and attain the maximum properties in a given direction. The resulting composite is ultra thin with the highest possible fraction of fibres. Prepreg composites are very high quality and have very good mechanical properties. They can be applied in sectors where the requirements for mechanical resistance are very high. This paper presents an experimental and numerical analysis of the surface of a composite and the changes that may occur to it under the influence of loading. The Ball Drop Test (ASTM D6024-07 / DIN 52306) was used as a stress test. Test samples scanned by image analysis showed that the surface properties of the UD prepreg were not disrupted, while scanning with AXIO IMAGER M2 showed apparent surface disruptions. From the numerical simulations it was determined that a directional orientation of the fibres of +45°/0°/-45° significantly affects their elastic properties.

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Barros, Francisco, Pedro J. Sousa, Paulo J. Tavares, and Pedro MGP Moreira. "Digital image correlation through image registration in the frequency domain." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 53, no. 8 (September 28, 2018): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309324718802705.

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The present work analyses displacement field computations for several digital image correlation test cases obtained through the application of image registration in the Fourier domain. The applied method relies on the properties of the discrete Fourier transform with regard to the cross-correlation function to find the rigid displacement between two subsets. The computed displacement fields were compared to their analogous values obtained through a commercial digital image correlation code. The test cases cover both two-dimensional and three-dimensional digital image correlation and make use of the ability of the developed method to calculate the translation and rotation between subsets from images at different loading states, as well as its capacity to match subsets from two cameras of a stereo rig. The presented analysis aims to contribute to the investigation of the use of correlation in the frequency domain as the basis for an alternative to conventional digital image correlation which could provide advantages in terms of robustness and efficiency, particularly in field measurements, where the lack of control over lighting and other factors impacting image quality requires a system which is optimised towards low dependence on the optimal quality of these conditions.

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Zhang, Hui, David L. Bourell, and Yanling Guo. "Analysis and Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Laser-Sintered Cellulose/PLA Mixture." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040750.

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This studied aimed at improving the mechanical properties for a new biopolymer feedstock using laser-sintering technology, especially when its laser-sintered parts are intended to be applied in the industrial and medical fields. Process parameter optimization and thermal post-processing are two approaches proposed in this work to improve the mechanical properties of laser-sintered 10 wt % cellulose-polylactic acid (10%-CPLA) parts. Laser-sintering experiments using 23 full factorial design method were conducted to assess the effects of process parameters on parts’ mechanical properties. A simulation of laser-energy distribution was carried out using Matlab to evaluate the experimental results. The characterization of mechanical properties, crystallinity, microstructure, and porosity of laser-sintered 10%-CPLA parts after thermal post-processing of different annealing temperatures was performed to analyze the influence of thermal post-processing on part properties. Image analysis of fracture surfaces was used to obtain the porosity of laser-sintered 10%-CPLA parts. Results showed that the optimized process parameters for mechanical properties of laser-sintered 10%-CPLA parts were laser power 27 W, scan speed 1600 mm/s, and scan spacing 0.1 mm. Thermal post-processing at 110 °C produced best properties for laser-sintered 10%-CPLA parts.

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Masuda, Yuta, Takashi Araki, Sunao Sadamatsu, and Yoshitaka Adachi. "OS4-10 Machine Learning to Predict Mechanical Properties in Dual-phase Steels(3D/4D image-based analyses and simulations 3,OS4 3D/4D image-based analyses and simulations,MEASUREMENT METHODS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.52.

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Ghadiali, Samir N., Julie Banks, and J. Douglas Swarts. "Finite element analysis of active Eustachian tube function." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 2 (August 2004): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01250.2003.

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The inability to open the collapsible Eustachian tube (ET) has been related to the development of chronic otitis media. Although ET dysfunction may be due to anatomic and/or mechanical abnormalities, the precise mechanisms by which these structural properties alter ET opening phenomena have not been investigated. Previous investigations could only speculate on how these structural properties influence the tissue deformation processes responsible for ET opening. We have, therefore, developed a computational technique that can quantify these structure-function relationships. Cross-sectional histological images were obtained from eight normal adult human subjects, who had no history of middle ear disease. A midcartilaginous image from each subject was used to create two-dimensional finite element models of the soft tissue structures of the ET. ET opening phenomena were simulated by applying muscle forces on soft tissue surfaces in the appropriate direction and were quantified by calculating the resistance to flow (Rv) in the opened lumen. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the relative importance of muscle forces and soft-tissue elastic properties. Muscle contraction resulted in a medial-superior rotation of the medial lamina, stretching deformation in the Ostmann's fatty tissue, and lumen dilation. Variability in baseline Rv values correlated with tissue size, whereas the functional relationship between Rv and a given mechanical parameter was consistent in all subjects. ET opening was found to be highly sensitive to the applied muscle forces and relatively insensitive to cartilage elastic properties. These computational models have, therefore, identified how different tissue elements alter ET opening phenomena, which elements should be targeted for treatment, and the optimal mechanical properties of these tissue constructs.

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Jung, Jun-Ho, Seok-Jae Lee, and Hee-Soo Kim. "Estimation of Average Grain Size from Microstructure Image Using a Convolutional Neural Network." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 6954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196954.

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In this study, the average grain size was evaluated from a microstructure image using a convolutional neural network. Since the grain size in a microstructure image can be directly measured and verified in the original image, unlike the chemical composition or mechanical properties of material, it is more appropriate to validate the training results quantitatively. An analysis of microstructure images, such as grain size, can be performed manually or using image analysis software; however, it is expected that the analysis would be simpler and faster with machine learning. Microstructure images were created using a phase-field simulation, and machine learning was carried out with a convolutional neural network model. The relationship between the microstructure image and the average grain size was not judged by classification, as the goal was to have different results for each microstructure using regression. The results showed high accuracy within the training range. The average grain sizes of experimental images with explicit grain boundary were well estimated by the network. The mid-layer image was analyzed to examine how the network understood the input microstructure image. The network seemed to recognize the curvatures of the grain boundaries and estimate the average grain size from these curvatures.

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Gadek, Artur, Leszek Wojnar, and Edward Czerviński. "EFFECT OF HISTOMORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS ON COMPRESSION STRENGTH OF VERTEBRAL BODIES." Image Analysis & Stereology 20, no. 1 (May 3, 2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v20.p35-39.

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Computer aided image analysis was applied to elaborate an automatic method of histomorphometric analysis of trabecular bone samples. Transverse sections of decalcified vertebral bodies were examined using optical microscopy and digital image acquisition system. Further analysis was done by means of a general purpose image analysis package. The same algorithm was applied to all the images tested, thus enabling obtainment of objective and repeatable results. High efficiency in measurements and evaluation of parameters not accessible for manual methods makes this method an interesting alternative for classical histomorphometric analysis. The results obtained demonstrated that assessment of bone mineral density is not sufficient for evaluation of compression strength of vertebral bodies. In contrast, mechanical properties correlate well with histomorphometric parameters. As a consequence it was postulated that compression strength of vertebral bodies is controlled by trabecular structure rather than bone mineral density.

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Liu, Chanjuan, Menno Bergmeijer, Sébastien Pierrat, and Olivier Guise. "Automatic Fiber Length Measurements with a Multi-Stencil Fast Marching Method on Microscopy Images." Microscopy and Microanalysis 26, no. 3 (April 3, 2020): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927620001336.

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AbstractFiber length has a strong impact on the mechanical properties of composite materials. It is one of the most important quantitative features in characterizing microstructures for understanding the material performance. Studies conducted to determine fiber length distribution have primarily focused on sample preparation and fiber dispersion. However, the subsequent image analysis is frequently performed manually or semi-automatically, which either requires careful sample preparation or manual intervention in the image analysis and processing. In this article, an image processing and analysis method has been developed based on medial axis transformation via the multi-stencil fast marching method for fiber length measurements on acquired microscopy images. The developed method can be implemented fully automatically and without any user induced delays. This method offers high efficiency, sub-pixel accuracy, and excellent statistical representativity.

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Enis, Ipek Y., Hande Sezgin, and Telem G. Sadikoglu. "Full factorial experimental design for mechanical properties of electrospun vascular grafts." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 6 (January 24, 2017): 1378–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717690614.

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In this study, single layer vascular grafts were produced by a custom designed electrospinning apparatus. Both polymer type and rotational speed of the rotating collector were varied in single layer designs. Surface morphology of the fibrous scaffolds was observed under scanning electron microscope. Fiber diameter was measured and fiber orientation was analyzed by Image J Software. Scanning electron microscope images and fiber orientation analysis results indicated that fiber orientation was improved with increased rotational speed. Ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break values of the scaffolds were tested in planar forms. In addition to the experimental analysis, statistical analysis was also realized; 22 full factorial design was adapted to the test results in order to investigate the effect of polymer type and the rotational speed on elongation at break and ultimate tensile strength values. Results have shown that both polymer type and the rotational speed of the collector significantly influenced ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break values of scaffolds tested in the radial direction. When the scaffolds tested in the horizontal direction were considered, while both factors have had a poor effect on ultimate tensile strength, they were either significant or were very close to the confidence limits. On the other hand, the interaction effect of factors had a statistically significant influence on mechanical properties of both testing directions. The achieved results supported by statistical analysis can provide a reference for further studies in designing multilayer vascular grafts.

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Varbai, Balázs, Timothy Pickle, and Kornél Májlinger. "Development and Comparison of Quantitative Phase Analysis for Duplex Stainless Steel Weld." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 62, no. 3 (May 17, 2018): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.12234.

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In duplex stainless steels the ideally 1:1 ratio of austenite-to-ferrite phases ensures the outstanding mechanical and corrosion properties compared to other, conventional stainless steel grades. However, this phase balance can be easily shifted to a mostly austenitic or mostly ferritic microstructures, depending on the welding process and heat input. In order to determine the phase ratio, several methods are available to use, such as Feritscope measurements, ASTM E562 manual point count method (on metallographic images) or quantitative image analysis. From these methods, Feritscope measurements cannot be applied to determine phase quantification in the narrow heat affected zone of duplex stainless steel welds – because of the very limited heat input. The manual point count method is very dependent of the assessor and cannot be automated. In this paper a histogram-based image analyzing process was developed, using Beraha's etchant solution. The results were compared to Feritscope measurements and a very good correlation (R2 = 0.9995) was found. This method will give the ability to easily and automatically measure phase ratio in weld metal, heat affected zone or in subsurface regions of multi-pass welds.

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Lu, Zhaolin, Xiaojuan Hu, and Yao Lu. "Particle Morphology Analysis of Biomass Material Based on Improved Image Processing Method." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5840690.

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Particle morphology, including size and shape, is an important factor that significantly influences the physical and chemical properties of biomass material. Based on image processing technology, a method was developed to process sample images, measure particle dimensions, and analyse the particle size and shape distributions of knife-milled wheat straw, which had been preclassified into five nominal size groups using mechanical sieving approach. Considering the great variation of particle size from micrometer to millimeter, the powders greater than 250 μm were photographed by a flatbed scanner without zoom function, and the others were photographed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with high-image resolution. Actual imaging tests confirmed the excellent effect of backscattered electron (BSE) imaging mode of SEM. Particle aggregation is an important factor that affects the recognition accuracy of the image processing method. In sample preparation, the singulated arrangement and ultrasonic dispersion methods were used to separate powders into particles that were larger and smaller than the nominal size of 250 μm. In addition, an image segmentation algorithm based on particle geometrical information was proposed to recognise the finer clustered powders. Experimental results demonstrated that the improved image processing method was suitable to analyse the particle size and shape distributions of ground biomass materials and solve the size inconsistencies in sieving analysis.

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Baietti, Giulia, Giovanni Quartarone, Lorenza Carabba, Stefania Manzi, Christian Carloni, and Maria Chiara Bignozzi. "Use of digital image analysis to determine fracture properties of alkali-activated mortars." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 240 (December 2020): 107313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2020.107313.

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Pourdeyhimi, B., and R. Ramanathan. "Image Analysis Method for Estimating 2-D Fibre Orientation and Fibre Length in Discontinuous Fibre Reinforced Composites." Engineering Plastics 3, no. 4 (January 1995): 147823919500300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919500300403.

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In discontinuous fibre reinforced composites (DFRC), the fibre length and orientation influence greatly the ultimate physical and mechanical properties of the material. A number of attempts dealing with methods for measuring fibre orientation are reported in the literature. These methods however, are unable to characterize fibre length. Fibre length may be affected by the type of processing involved. This study reports on the use of image analysis techniques for determining both fibre orientation and length. To verify the accuracy of the methods used, simulated images with known characteristics are used.

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Pourdeyhimi, B., and R. Ramanathan. "Image Analysis Method for Estimating 2-D Fibre Orientation and Fibre Length in Discontinuous Fibre Reinforced Composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 3, no. 4 (May 1995): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119500300403.

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In discontinuous fibre reinforced composites (DFRC), the fibre length and orientation influence greatly the ultimate physical and mechanical properties of the material. A number of attempts dealing with methods for measuring fibre orientation are reported in the literature. These methods however, are unable to characterize fibre length. Fibre length may be affected by the type of processing involved. This study reports on the use of image analysis techniques for determining both fibre orientation and length. To verify the accuracy of the methods used, simulated images with known characteristics are used.

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He, Zheyu, Hao He, Jia Lou, Yimin Li, Dongyang Li, Yongzhi Chen, and Shaojun Liu. "Fabrication, Structure, and Mechanical and Ultrasonic Properties of Medical Ti6Al4V Alloys Part II: Relationship between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties and Ultrasonic Properties of Ultrasonic Scalpel." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020284.

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In this study, the ultrasonic resonance parameters of Ti6Al4V alloys under different heat treatments are measured by an impedance analyzer. The amplitude of the specimens is measured experimentally by means of optical microscope and image analysis software. These results show that the ultrasonic properties of Ti6Al4V alloys are closely related to β phase content and elastic modulus of the alloys. The highest volume fraction of the β phase appears in the specimen treated by solid solution treatment at 960 °C is 40.2%. These alloys present the lowest average elastic modulus (~99.69 GPa) and the minimum resonant frequency (55.06 kHz) and the highest average amplitude (21.48 µm) when the testing sample length is 41.25 mm. These findings can be used to guide the design of medical Ti6Al4V alloys for ultrasonic scalpels.

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Wang, Wensheng, Wenlei Xia, and Jiaxiang Liang. "Grey Correlation Analysis between Macro Mechanical Damage and Meso Volume Characteristics of SBS Modified Asphalt Mixture under Freeze-Thaw Cycles." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122118.

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The effect of freeze–thaw (F–T) in the seasonal frozen area would lead to damage to asphalt pavement. After water enters asphalt pavement, the water in voids would expand at a lower temperature, which could change the void content and number, affecting the macro mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture. The rapid development of CT scanning and digital image processing (DIP) provides powerful technical support for the research of asphalt mixture meso volume characteristics. In this paper, the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced asphalt mixture subjected to F–T cycles were tested at different temperatures to clarify the decay law of mechanical properties under F–T cycles. Then, the meso images of the asphalt mixture under various F–T cycles could be obtained by using CT tomography. Based on DIP technology, the meso characteristic parameters of CT images for asphalt mixture were extracted, and the development of asphalt mixture freeze–thaw damage was further analyzed. The test results showed that with the F–T cycle, the macro mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture rapidly declined in the early stage of the F–T cycle and gradually tended to be flat. There would be serious damage inside the asphalt mixture in the late stage of the F–T cycle. The damage to the mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture under the F–T cycle can be attributed to the change in the internal mesostructure of the asphalt mixture. Based on the grey relational analysis theory, the formation of the connected void was the main factor affecting the damage in the early stage of the F–T cycle, while the formation of new voids mainly affected the later development of F-T damage.

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Lin, C. S., T. L. Horng, J. H. Chen, K. H. Chen, J. J. Wu, C. Y. Chen, and S. H. Ma. "Mechanical Properties Measurement of Polymer Films by Bulge Test and Fringe Projection." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/170279.

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This paper aims at determining the mechanical properties such as Poisson ratio, biaxial modulus, and residual stress of polymer membranes using the bulge test and fringe projection. Under this idea, a bulge test apparatus has been developed for robust usage, under the room temperature, in industrial environments that are usually noisy and full of all kinds of vibrations. A setup of the bulge test, consisting of single chips and digital on-off valves, was used to achieve automatic precision control of pressure application to gas chamber with a circular polyimide (PI) test film fixed on the opening of it. A deformed image was then obtained via fringe projections with a series of optical apparatuses, and a 3D membrane deformation distribution was further achieved from this deformed image by some image processes that are chiefly through wavelet transformation and phase expansion. With the measurements of maximum membrane deformation versus applied pressure and given the Young’s modulus of test membrane, we could further calculate the Poisson ration (and then biaxial modulus) and residual stress of the film. Also, the measurements were validated to be highly accurate by comparison with a finite element analysis.

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Karolewska, Karolina, Bogdan Ligaj, and Dariusz Boroński. "Strain Analysis of Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy Samples Using Digital Image Correlation." Materials 13, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153398.

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Digital image correlation (DIC) is a non-contact optical method that allows measuring displacements on a plane used to determine the strains caused by external loads of a structural element (mechanical or thermal). Currently, digital image correlation is a widely used experimental technique to assess the mechanical behavior of materials, in particular cracking characteristics and destruction methods of various structural elements. In this paper, the DIC method is applied to determine local strains of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V specimen. The samples used in the tests were made with two different technologies: (a) from a drawn bar by machining process; and (b) by the additive manufacturing method Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). The aim of the paper is to present the mechanical properties test results of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy produced by the DMLS additive manufacturing under static loads using the digital image correlation method. As a result of the tests carried out on the drawn bar specimens, it was concluded that the change in the measurement base affects the difference in the Young’s E modulus value in the range from 89.2 to 103.8 GPa. However, for samples formed using the DMLS method, the change in the Young’s modulus value was from 112.9 to 115.3 GPa for the same measurement base.

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Ghassemieh, E., M. Acar, and H. Versteeg. "Microstructural analysis of non-woven fabrics using scanning electron microscopy and image processing. Part 1: Development and verification of the methods." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 216, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146442070221600305.

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This paper reports image analysis methods that have been developed to study the microstructural changes of non-wovens made by the hydroentanglement process. The validity of the image processing techniques has been ascertained by applying them to test images with known properties. The parameters in preprocessing of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images used in image processing have been tested and optimized. The fibre orientation distribution is estimated using fast Fourier transform (FFT) and Hough transform (HT) methods. The results obtained using these two methods are in good agreement. The HT method is more demanding in computational time compared with the Fourier transform (FT) method. However, the advantage of the HT method is that the actual orientation of the lines can be concluded directly from the result of the transform without the need for any further computation. The distribution of the length of the straight fibre segments of the fabrics is evaluated by the HT method. The effect of curl of the fibres on the result of this evaluation is shown.

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Azouz, Zakrya, Barmak Honarvar Shakibaei Asli, and Muhammad Khan. "Evolution of Crack Analysis in Structures Using Image Processing Technique: A Review." Electronics 12, no. 18 (September 12, 2023): 3862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12183862.

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) involves the control and analysis of mechanical systems to monitor the variation of geometric features of engineering structures. Damage processing is one of the issues that can be addressed by using several techniques derived from image processing. There are two types of SHM: contact-based and non-contact methods. Sensors, cameras, and accelerometers are examples of contact-based SHM, whereas photogrammetry, infrared thermography, and laser imaging are non-contact SHM techniques. In this research, our focus centres on image processing algorithms to identify the crack and analyze its properties to detect occurred damages. Based on the literature review, several preprocessing approaches were employed including image enhancement, image filtering to remove the noise and blur, and dynamic response measurement to predict the crack propagation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mechanical properties and image analysis'

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