Relevant bibliographies by topics / Mechanical fields

Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanical fields'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanical fields"

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Shantarin, V. D., and M. Yu Zemenkova. "WATER STRUCTURES IN MECHANICAL FIELDS." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2015-3-126-133.

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This article is devoted to studying the properties of water and its model. It is shown that the existing models are not able to explain the entire set of properties of water, considering water as a non-equilibrium system and possessing the properties of self-organization and sensitive to weak field effects. The results of the authors’ research confirm a cluster-fractal model which considers water as a mixture of free molecules and fragments with the ordered hexagonal structure. It is shown that pure water electric conductivity depends on concentration of ions and the water capability of a relay way of transfer of these ions, which depends on its structural- information state.
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Kruch, S. "Homogenized and relocalized mechanical fields." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 42, no. 4 (May 2007): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247jsa229.

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Shao, Yihan, Andrew Simmonett, Frank Pickard, Gerhard Koenig, and Bernard Brooks. "Quantum Mechanical Molecular Mechanical Calculations using AMOEBA Force Fields." Biophysical Journal 108, no. 2 (January 2015): 158a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.871.

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Palomaki, T. A., J. D. Teufel, R. W. Simmonds, and K. W. Lehnert. "Entangling Mechanical Motion with Microwave Fields." Science 342, no. 6159 (October 3, 2013): 710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1244563.

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Stevens Jr., Herbert H. "Evolution of Minds and Quantum Mechanical Fields." Physics Essays 3, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3033430.

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Ai, Shu-Tao, Jin-Song Wang, and Wei-Tao Lu. "Internal, Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Fields of Ferroelectrics." Ferroelectrics Letters Section 40, no. 1-3 (January 2013): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315171.2013.813822.

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Cieplak, Piotr, François-Yves Dupradeau, Yong Duan, and Junmei Wang. "Polarization effects in molecular mechanical force fields." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 21, no. 33 (July 24, 2009): 333102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/21/33/333102.

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Brooke, Matthew, and Bernard Richardson. "Mechanical vibrations and radiation fields of guitars." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 94, no. 3 (September 1993): 1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.407873.

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Panchenko, Yu N. "Scaling of quantum-mechanical molecular force fields." Russian Chemical Bulletin 45, no. 4 (April 1996): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01431292.

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Bengtsson, A. K. H. "Mechanical models for higher spin gauge fields." Fortschritte der Physik 57, no. 5-7 (April 6, 2009): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prop.200900032.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanical fields"

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Noll, Scott Allen. "Residual stress fields due to laser-pulse-generated shock waves." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407411599.

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Elfadel, Ibrahim Mohammad. "From random fields to networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12616.

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Salerno, Grazia. "Artificial gauge fields in photonics and mechanical systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368464.

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Recent technological advances in quantum simulators have proven that synthetic materials are very well suited to study and realise many condensed matter models. However, many of these synthetic systems are characterized by neutral particles that do not couple to real gauge fields. In order to simulate interesting electromagnetic phenomena, such as the topological insulators, or the Landau levels, there is the need for the implementation of artificial gauge fields. In particular, the topological insulators are very interesting both from the point of view of fundamental physics and concrete applications. They are bulk insulating materials that carry a certain number of edge states which are topologically protected against small perturbations of the system. An example of a topological insulator is the integer quantum Hall effect. While there have been many works studying topological physics with quantum artificial systems, little attention was dedicated to the interplay of topology and the purely classical world. Only in the last couple of years, pioneering efforts to encode a non-trivial topology in the dynamical matrix or into the Hamiltonian of a system have proven that the hallmarks of a topological insulator are not the prerogative of quantum mechanics, but can be also observed with a classical system governed by Newton’s equations. The first part of this thesis is therefore based on our studies dedicated to the implementation of a classical analogue of the integer quantum Hall system, by realizing the Harper-Hofstadter model for classical frequency-modulated coupled harmonic oscillators. The achievement of an artificial gauge field allows also for the deeper study of magnetic effects such as Landau levels. In graphene, an inhomogeneous strain of the lattice is equivalent to an artificial pseudo-magnetic field, and the low-energy spectrum shows the formation of relativistic pseudo-Landau levels. The second part of the thesis is therefore focussed on the photonics honeycomb lattice geometry and our theoretical proposal for a configuration based on an intrinsically driven-dissipative system in which to probe the physics of the Landau levels, and especially the spatial structure of their wavefunctions. Finally, we have also studied spin-orbit coupling in a mechanical system of masses and springs induced by pre-tensioned springs that split the longitudinal and transverse couplings in the honeycomb geometry. We have presented the experimental results of a simple mechanical benzene composed of six pendula connected with pre-tensioned springs, to verify that the eigenmodes of this system are well described by our theory in the presence of spin-orbit coupling.
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Salerno, Grazia. "Artificial gauge fields in photonics and mechanical systems." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1722/1/SalernoG_PhD.pdf.

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Recent technological advances in quantum simulators have proven that synthetic materials are very well suited to study and realise many condensed matter models. However, many of these synthetic systems are characterized by neutral particles that do not couple to real gauge fields. In order to simulate interesting electromagnetic phenomena, such as the topological insulators, or the Landau levels, there is the need for the implementation of artificial gauge fields. In particular, the topological insulators are very interesting both from the point of view of fundamental physics and concrete applications. They are bulk insulating materials that carry a certain number of edge states which are topologically protected against small perturbations of the system. An example of a topological insulator is the integer quantum Hall effect. While there have been many works studying topological physics with quantum artificial systems, little attention was dedicated to the interplay of topology and the purely classical world. Only in the last couple of years, pioneering efforts to encode a non-trivial topology in the dynamical matrix or into the Hamiltonian of a system have proven that the hallmarks of a topological insulator are not the prerogative of quantum mechanics, but can be also observed with a classical system governed by Newton’s equations. The first part of this thesis is therefore based on our studies dedicated to the implementation of a classical analogue of the integer quantum Hall system, by realizing the Harper-Hofstadter model for classical frequency-modulated coupled harmonic oscillators. The achievement of an artificial gauge field allows also for the deeper study of magnetic effects such as Landau levels. In graphene, an inhomogeneous strain of the lattice is equivalent to an artificial pseudo-magnetic field, and the low-energy spectrum shows the formation of relativistic pseudo-Landau levels. The second part of the thesis is therefore focussed on the photonics honeycomb lattice geometry and our theoretical proposal for a configuration based on an intrinsically driven-dissipative system in which to probe the physics of the Landau levels, and especially the spatial structure of their wavefunctions. Finally, we have also studied spin-orbit coupling in a mechanical system of masses and springs induced by pre-tensioned springs that split the longitudinal and transverse couplings in the honeycomb geometry. We have presented the experimental results of a simple mechanical benzene composed of six pendula connected with pre-tensioned springs, to verify that the eigenmodes of this system are well described by our theory in the presence of spin-orbit coupling.
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Krasnodebski, Jan K. (Jan Kazimierz). "Numerical simulations of lobed mixer flow fields." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37793.

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Miao, Sha Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Design of miniature floating platform for marginal fields." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81611.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-136).
This thesis presents the design of a novel type of miniature floating offshore platforms with a heave plate attached at the keel, suitable for developing deep-water marginal fields. This design features a small displacement, easy fabrication, reduced cost and a favourable motion performance in waves. The design process includes the preliminary estimation, hydrodynamic analysis and hull optimization. A self-developed model "Discrete Vortex Ring Model" (DVRM) to efficiently estimate the viscous drag due to the vortex shedding of the oscillatory heave plate is presented in details. This new model DVRM combined with the standard radiation/diffraction code WAMIT is used to analyse the effect of different geometric parameters on the motion behaviour of the platform. Finally, these two models are integrated into a genetic optimization algorithm to obtain a final optimal design.
by Sha Miao.
S.M.
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Narayanan, Subramani Deepak. "Probabilistic regional ocean predictions : stochastic fields and optimal planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115733.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Mechanical Engineering and Computation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Computational Engineering."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 253-268).
The coastal ocean is a prime example of multiscale nonlinear fluid dynamics. Ocean fields in such regions are complex, with multiple spatial and temporal scales and nonstationary heterogeneous statistics. Due to the limited measurements, there are multiple sources of uncertainties, including the initial conditions, boundary conditions, forcing, parameters, and even the model parameterizations and equations themselves. To reduce uncertainties and allow long-duration measurements, the energy consumption of ocean observing platforms need to be optimized. Predicting the distributions of reachable regions, time-optimal paths, and risk-optimal paths in uncertain, strong and dynamic flows is also essential for their optimal and safe operations. Motivated by the above needs, the objectives of this thesis are to develop and apply the theory, schemes, and computational systems for: (i) Dynamically Orthogonal ocean primitive-equations with a nonlinear free-surface, in order to quantify uncertainties and predict probabilities for four-dimensional (time and 3-d in space) coastal ocean states, respecting their nonlinear governing equations and non-Gaussian statistics; (ii) Stochastic Dynamically Orthogonal level-set optimization to rigorously incorporate realistic ocean flow forecasts and plan energy-optimal paths of autonomous agents in coastal regions; (iii) Probabilistic predictions of reachability, time-optimal paths and risk-optimal paths in uncertain, strong and dynamic flows. For the first objective, we further develop and implement our Dynamically Orthogonal (DO) numerical schemes for idealized and realistic ocean primitive equations with a nonlinear free-surface. The theoretical extensions necessary for the free-surface are completed. DO schemes are researched and DO terms, functions, and operations are implemented, focusing on: state variable choices; DO norms; DO condition for flows with a dynamic free-surface; diagnostic DO equations for pressure, barotropic velocities and density terms; non-polynomial nonlinearities; semi-implicit time-stepping schemes; and re-orthonormalization consistent with leap-frog time marching. We apply the new DO schemes, as well as their theoretical extensions and efficient serial implementation to forecast idealized-to-realistic stochastic coastal ocean dynamics. For the realistic simulations, probabilistic predictions for the Middle Atlantic Bight region, Northwest Atlantic, and northern Indian ocean are showcased. For the second objective, we integrate data-driven ocean modeling with our stochastic DO level-set optimization to compute and study energy-optimal paths, speeds, and headings for ocean vehicles in the Middle Atlantic Bight region. We compute the energy-optimal paths from among exact time-optimal paths. For ocean currents, we utilize a data-assimilative multiscale re-analysis, combining observations with implicit two-way nested multi-resolution primitive-equation simulations of the tidal-to-mesoscale dynamics in the region. We solve the reduced-order stochastic DO level-set partial differential equations (PDEs) to compute the joint probability of minimum arrival-time, vehicle-speed time-series, and total energy utilized. For each arrival time, we then select the vehicle-speed time-series that minimize the total energy utilization from the marginal probability of vehicle-speed and total energy. The corresponding energy-optimal path and headings be obtained through a particle backtracking equation. For the missions considered, we analyze the effects of the regional tidal currents, strong wind events, coastal jets, shelfbreak front, and other local circulations on the energy-optimal paths. For the third objective, we develop and apply stochastic level-set PDEs that govern the stochastic time-optimal reachability fronts and paths for vehicles in uncertain, strong, and dynamic flow fields. To solve these equations efficiently, we again employ their dynamically orthogonal reduced-order projections. We develop the theory and schemes for risk-optimal planning by combining decision theory with our stochastic time-optimal planning equations. The risk-optimal planning proceeds in three steps: (i) obtain predictions of the probability distribution of environmental flows, (ii) obtain predictions of the distribution of exact time-optimal paths for the forecast flow distribution, and (iii) compute and minimize the risk of following these uncertain time-optimal paths. We utilize the new equations to complete stochastic reachability, time-optimal and risk-optimal path planning in varied stochastic quasi-geostrophic flows. The effects of the flow uncertainty on the reachability fronts and time-optimal paths is explained. The risks of following each exact time-optimal path is evaluated and risk-optimal paths are computed for different risk tolerance measures. Key properties of the risk-optimal planning are finally discussed. Theoretically, the present methodologies are PDE-based and compute stochastic ocean fields, and optimal path predictions without heuristics. Computationally, they are several orders of magnitude faster than direct Monte Carlo. Such technologies have several commercial and societal applications. Specifically, the probabilistic ocean predictions can be input to a technical decision aide for a sustainable fisheries co-management program in India, which has the potential to provide environment friendly livelihoods to millions of marginal fishermen. The risk-optimal path planning equations can be employed in real-time for efficient ship routing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and save operational costs.
by Deepak Narayanan Subramani.
Ph. D. in Mechanical Engineering and Computation
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Saidi, Sasan John. "Experimental investigation of 2D and 3D internal wave fields." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67799.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-116).
The generation of 2D and 3D internal wave fields is extensively studied via planarand stereo- Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) flow field measurement techniques. A benchmark was provided by an experiment involving tidal flow over a 2D Gaussian ridge; this study providing a counterpart with which studies of a 3D incised Gaussian ridge could be compared with. To further benchmark the 3D wave field studies an experiment involving the canonical setup of a vertically oscillating sphere was performed and the results compared with the latest theory; the excellent agreement obtained provided confidence in the stereo-PIV method for studying fully three-dimensional internal waves. The 3D incised Gaussian ridge generates a wave field characterized by noticeable, though weak, out-of-plane forcing that evolves from a relatively strong to a weakly localized quantity as the wave field transitions from super- to subcritical, while the in-plane velocity field appears nearly identical to its 2D counterpart.
by Sasan John Saidi.
S.M.
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9

Hauf, Dagmar E. (Dagmar Elisabeth). "Two-parameter characterization of crack-tip fields during thermal transients." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36473.

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Wong, Joseph S. H. (Joseph Sze Hsuan). "EDTA-enhanced metal contaminant removal from soils by electric fields." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36053.

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Books on the topic "Mechanical fields"

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Pierron, Fabrice. The Virtual Fields Method: Extracting Constitutive Mechanical Parameters from Full-field Deformation Measurements. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012.

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Mechanical and electromagnetic vibrations and waves. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012.

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Ahmed, Tarek H. Working guide to reservoir rock properties and fluid flow. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2010.

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Hanns, Ruder, ed. Atoms in strong magnetic fields: Quantum mechanical treatment and applications in astrophysics and quantum chaos. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994.

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Petroleum reservoir rock and fluid properties. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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Göran, Engdahl, ed. Handbook of giant magnetostrictive materials. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2000.

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B, Scott P. J., ed. Oilfield water technology. Houston, Tex: NACE International, 2006.

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Relativistic quantum mechanics and field theory. New York: Wiley, 1993.

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Iliev, Bozhidar Z. Lagrangian quantum field theory in momentum picture: Free fields. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Yıldız, Bayazıtoğlu, Arpaci Vedat S. 1928-, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Heat Transfer Division., and National Heat Transfer Conference (29th : 1993 : Atlanta, Ga.), eds. Fundamentals of heat transfer in electromagnetic, electrostatic, and acoustic fields: Presented at the 29th National Heat Transfer Conference, Atlanta, Georgia, August 8-11, 1993. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanical fields"

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Miles, Ronald N. "One Dimensional Sound Fields." In Mechanical Engineering Series, 35–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22676-3_2.

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Miles, Ronald N. "One Dimensional Sound Fields." In Mechanical Engineering Series, 35–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33009-4_2.

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Yen, Ping-Lang, and Yang-Lun Lai. "Coordinated Mechanical Operations in Fields." In Encyclopedia of Digital Agricultural Technologies, 186–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24861-0_236.

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Yen, Ping-Lang, and Yang-Lun Lai. "Coordinated Mechanical Operations in Fields." In Encyclopedia of Smart Agriculture Technologies, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89123-7_236-1.

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Schramm, S., J. Reinhardt, U. Müller, B. Müller, and W. Greiner. "Quantum Mechanical Treatment of Heavy-Ion Collisions." In Physics of Strong Fields, 411–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1889-7_18.

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Ida, Nathan, and João P. A. Bastos. "Interaction between Electromagnetic and Mechanical Forces." In Electromagnetics and Calculation of Fields, 175–211. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0661-3_6.

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Ida, Nathan, and João P. A. Bastos. "Interaction Between Electromagnetic and Mechanical Forces." In Electromagnetics and Calculation of Fields, 175–211. New York, NY: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0526-2_6.

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Wigner, E. P., and M. M. Yanase. "Quantum Mechanical Measurements." In Part I: Particles and Fields. Part II: Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, 431. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09203-3_44.

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Cheli, Federico, and Giorgio Diana. "Dynamical Systems Subjected to Force Fields." In Advanced Dynamics of Mechanical Systems, 413–553. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18200-1_5.

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Henneberger, G., W. Hadrys, and W. Mai. "Three Dimensional Calculations of Mechanical Deformations Caused by Magnetic Load." In Electric and Magnetic Fields, 115–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1961-4_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanical fields"

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Kirchbach, M., and C. B. Compean. "High Spin Baryons in Quantum Mechanical Chromodynamics." In PARTICLES AND FIELDS. ASCE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3131571.

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Niederle, J. "Discrete symmetries and supersymmetries of quantum-mechanical systems." In Particles, fields and gravitation. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.57130.

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Wilson, Anders, and B. Josefson. "Mechanical intensity fields in reduced strctures." In 37th Structure, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-1491.

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Assis, Willian, and Erick de Moraes Franklin. "DYNAMICS OF BARCHAN FIELDS." In 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-0164.

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Schlicher, R., A. Biggs, and W. Tedeschi. "Mechanical propulsion from unsymmetrical magnetic induction fields." In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2643.

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Rinaldi, Carlos, June-Ho Lee, Adam D. Rosenthal, Thomas Franklin, and Markus Zahn. "Ferrohydrodynamics in Time-Varying Magnetic Fields." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32275.

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Measurements of magnetic-field-induced ferrofluid flow and torque in uniform rotating magnetic fields are presented and compared to theoretical analyses in order to understand observed paradoxical behavior. The viscous torque from this fluid flow is measured using a cylindrical Couette viscometer, as a function of magnetic field amplitude, frequency, and direction of rotation. The first set of experiments measures the torque on the outer wall of a polycarbonate spindle that is attached to a viscometer, which functions as a torque meter. The spindle is immersed in the ferrofluid, which is centered in the gap of a three-phase AC 2-pole motor stator winding. Anomalous behavior, such as negative effective viscosity, is demonstrated and discussed. The second set of experiments measures the viscous torque on the inner wall of a hollow spindle attached to the torque meter and filled completely with ferrofluid so that there is no free surface. These measurements show that magnetic fluid effects arise even in the absence of free surfaces. These observations are then shown to agree with a recently derived analysis of spin-up flow in ferrofluids.
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Tan, Sze N., Murray J. Holland, and Daniel F. Walls. "Phase-sensitive tests of nonlocality of quantum-mechanical fields." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.mr4.

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Nonlocal effects associated with quantum-mechanical states have been theoretically interesting because they emphasize the differences between classical and quantum mechanics. We describe a system in which a single input photon causes a nonlocal influence on two spatially separated homodyne detectors, as evidenced by a violation of Bell's inequalities. Unlike previous configurations for violating Bell's inequalities, the correlation is not imposed on a pair of particles that spatially separate before being detected. Rather, the correlation arises from the interaction of the local oscillators at each homodyne detector with the spatially extended field of the input photon. The above effect is only one of a class of situations in which nonlocal correlations can be imposed on separated homodyne detectors by quantum mechanical fields. By deriving the conditions for violating Bell's inequality with phase-sensitive detectors, new tests can be developed that relate to squeezed light and other nonclassical fields.
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Porsev, E. G., and B. V. Malozyomov. "Deep Electroosmosis Technology for Oil Fields." In International Conference "Actual Issues of Mechanical Engineering" (AIME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aime-18.2018.94.

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Mauck, Robert L., Pen-hsiu G. Chao, Beth Gilbert, Wilmot B. Valhmu, and Clark T. Hung. "Chondrocyte Translocation and Orientation to Applied DC Electric Fields." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0405.

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Abstract Chemical and mechanical stimuli are known to cause directed movement in a number of different cell types. Less prominently studied, direct current (DC) electric fields are known to induce a similar response. In this study, we report on DC electric field-induced chondrocyte migration and re-orientation. Galvanotaxis and galvanotropism, migration and shape change in response to applied DC electric fields, respectively, have been demonstrated in many cells. For instance, field strengths of 1–10 V/cm have been reported to induce migration in keratinocytes. corneal epithelial cells, bone cells, fibroblasts and neural cells [1,7,8,11]. Recently, we have demonstrated for the first time that chondrocytes exhibit a galvanotactic response, realigning and migrating in response to applied DC electric fields (6 V/cm) [6]. In cartilage, chondrocytes may see electric fields associated with streaming potentials estimated to be up to 15 V/cm with current densities of up to 0.1A/cm2 [2]. The aim of this study was to explore basic science aspects of directed cell migration under applied DC electric fields and to investigate the potential application of this phenomena for tissue engineering, healing and repair of cartilage. The ability to direct cell growth and function will have significant implications on the bioengineering of replacement tissues.
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Rojas, Daniel, Johan sebastian Grass Nunez, German Alberto Barragan De Los Rios, and Reginaldo Coelho. "Application fields for different Direct Energy Deposition beads geometries." In 26th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2021.cob2021-2215.

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Reports on the topic "Mechanical fields"

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Nestleroth. PR-337-063508-R01 Dual Field Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) Inspection Technology to Detect Mechanical Damage. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010575.

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This report details the development and testing of a dual magnetization in-line inspection (ILI) tool for detecting mechanical damage in operating pipelines, including the first field trials of a fully operational dual-field magnetic flux leakage (MFL) ILI tool. Augmenting routine MFL corrosion inspection of pipelines using high magnetic fields, this in-line inspection technique detects and assesses mechanical damage using a second lower magnetic field. Nearly all commercially available MFL tools use high magnetic fields to detect and size metal loss such as corrosion. A lower field than commonly applied for detecting metal loss is appropriate for detecting mechanical damage, such as the metallurgical changes caused by impacts from excavation equipment. The lower field is needed to counter the saturation effect of the high magnetic field, which masks and diminishes important components of the signal associated with mechanical damage. At low fields, other properties such as pipeline chemical composition, grain structure, and fabrication methods can also be detected.
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Bannach, A., T. Wagler, S. Walden, Michael Klafki, V. K�ckritz, A. Mulkamanov, and A. Kneer. GRI-05-0175 Technology Enhancements for Solution Mined Salt Caverns. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011144.

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This effort investigates mechanical integrity testing of gas caverns by field tests, instrumented laboratory tests, and CFD modeling. The evaluation contributes to a better understanding of the flow conditions and temperature fields inside of a cavern at steady state and injection/withdrawal periods.
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Carroll, L. B., Abdefttah Fredi, and Vlado Semiga. DTRS56-04-T-0009 Evaluation of the Interaction of Mechanical Damage and Welds. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011967.

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This project was completed to support the development of a guidance note for the disposition of welds interacting with pipe wall mechanical damage (dents, wrinkles, and ovality) and thus allow a more rational treatment of these forms of damage. The intent is not to evaluate the life of welds interacting with dents wrinkles and ovality, but rather to identify when the interaction is significant and needs to be considered explicitly. Based upon the criteria developed in this project, inspection results that indicate the presence of pipe wall deformation in the vicinity of a girth weld or long seam weld can be used to assess if the interaction is significant and must be treated as a repairable defect. This project report includes a discussion of the following work: � Development of criteria for weld interaction with restrained rock dents, pipe ovality, and wrinkles; � Development of a means of considering pressure fluctuation severity in these criteria, and � Development of guidance and recommendations on how to consider the effects of soil confinement. The criteria do not predict the actual life of a mechanical damage feature, but instead, present a means of defining the interaction distance between a damage feature and a weld. The processes have been established based on numerical modeling results with a detailed consideration of the effects of both physical and numerical variables. Due to the virtually limitless combination of weld seam geometries, weld quality, and residual stress fields, these parameters were not explicitly included in the numerical models. Instead, potential weld quality issues and residual stresses are addressed using an appropriate and conservative fatigue design curve while the weld geometry effects have been included with the selection of a stress concentration factor applied to the numerical modeling results.
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Pisani, William, Dane Wedgeworth, Michael Roth, John Newman, and Manoj Shukla. Exploration of two polymer nanocomposite structure-property relationships facilitated by molecular dynamics simulation and multiscale modeling. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46713.

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Polyamide 6 (PA6) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic used in many engineering applications due to good strength, stiffness, mechanical damping, wear/abrasion resistance, and excellent performance-to-cost ratio. In this report, two structure-property relationships were explored. First, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene (G) were used as reinforcement molecules in simulated and experimentally prepared PA6 matrices to improve the overall mechanical properties. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with INTERFACE and reactive INTERFACE force fields (IFF and IFF-R) were used to predict bulk and Young's moduli of amorphous PA6-CNT/G nanocomposites as a function of CNT/G loading. The predicted values of Young's modulus agree moderately well with the experimental values. Second, the effect of crystallinity and crystal form (α/γ) on mechanical properties of semi-crystalline PA6 was investigated via a multiscale simulation approach. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center's micromechanics software was used to facilitate the multiscale modeling. The inputs to the multiscale model were the elastic moduli of amorphous PA6 as predicted via MD and calculated stiffness matrices from the literature of the PA6 α and γ crystal forms. The predicted Young's and shear moduli compared well with experiment.
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Semiga. PR-218-063511-R01 Inventory of Types of Mechanical Damage Experienced by Gas and Oil Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010630.

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The project focused on compiling an inventory of mechanical damage experienced by gas and oil pipelines to ensure that the capability or applicability of models being developed or used to predict pipe behavior in the presence of mechanical damage are representative of actual experience.� The inventory was developed through the use of a survey sent to a variety of pipeline operators requesting information regarding mechanical damage incidents reported through both in-line inspection operations and field dig reports.� The information provided included the type of mechanical damage experienced, the possible source of the damage, the significance of the defects in terms of whether or not they resulted in leaks or ruptures, and how frequently they occur on pipelines of various sizes and grades.� The result of this work has at least two important uses.� In the short-term, the results can be used on a related project, MD-2B, which is intended to develop a model for ranking severity of ILI indications associated with mechanical damage and dents from the standpoint of response times for remediation.� In the longer term, the results can be of use to model developers who are trying to develop or improve mechanics-based models for predicting the failure pressure levels of mechanically damaged pipe segments.
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Jarram, Paul, Phil Keogh, and Dave Tweddle. PR-478-143723-R01 Evaluation of Large Stand Off Magnetometry Techniques. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010841.

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Monitoring the integrity of buried ageing ferromagnetic pipelines is a significant problem for infrastructure operators. Typically inspection relies on pig surveys, lDCVG, CIPS and contact NDT methods that often require pipes to be uncovered and often at great expense. This report contains the results of trials carried out on a controlled test bed using a novel remote sensing technique known as Stress Concentration Tomography (SCT) which claims to be capable of detecting corrosion, metal defects and the effects of ground movement by mapping variations in the earth's magnetic field around pipelines. The physical law upon which SCT has been engineered is Magnetostriction which is the process by which internal domains inside the structure of ferromagnetic materials, such as carbon steel alloys, create magnetic fields when subjected to mechanical stress. This report contains the results of controlled trials of the technology which potentially offers pipeline operators, particularly those of non-piggable pipelines, the benefit of considerable inspection cost savings since it is a non-invasive technique and no modification to the line or its operational parameters is required.
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Jackson, J. A. Additively Manufactured Field Responsive Mechanical Metamaterials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1544934.

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Clapham. L52206 3D Details of Defect-Induced MFL and Stress in Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011358.

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The following report represents a continuation of our ongoing efforts to understand and quantify the effect of stress on MFL signals from oil and gas transmission line inspection tools. Earlier GRI funding has enabled us to develop an unprecedented understanding of stress effects on magnetic behaviour in pipeline steels, and this understanding is now further enhanced and applied to specific problems such as MFL signals from interacting defects and also MFL signals produced from mechanical damage. This report summarizes the result of the 2002 studies. These studies focused on 3 main areas: MFL signals from interacting defects � examined how magnetic behaviour is altered when two pits are sufficiently close that their stress and magnetization fields interact. This produces MFL signal effects that differ from those of isolated defects. MFL signal dependence on elastic, plastic and residual strain � this continues our fundamental investigation into stress effects. By combining applied uniaxial strain and stress-relief heat treatments, we have been able to show how magnetic behaviour and MFL signals respond to different types of deformation. Specifically, we have found the elastic deformation has a significant effect, but that plastic deformation does not. This is a fundamental result on which our further modeling and experimental studies are based. MFL signals from mechanical damage � this is the first year we have turned our attention to this specific area, however our earlier results have laid the groundwork for these studies. MFL signals from dents contain geometry and stress components. We have conducted experimental and finite element modeling studies of MFL signals from dented samples, and have shown that the MFL signal from shallow dents arises from the residual stress pattern, while severe dent signals are mainly related to dent geometry. This work forms the main part of a continuing study.
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Boozer, A. H. Hamiltonian mechanics and divergence-free fields. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5168333.

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Robertson, Brett Anthony. Phase Field Fracture Mechanics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1227184.

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