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Academic literature on the topic 'Mechanic ventilator'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Mechanic ventilator"

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Jung, Fang, Shang-Shing P. Chou, Shih-Hsing Yang, Jau-Chen Lin, and Guey-Mei Jow. "Closed Endotracheal Suctioning Impact on Ventilator-Related Parameters in Obstructive and Restrictive Respiratory Systems: A Bench Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (June 6, 2021): 5266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115266.

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A closed suctioning system (CSS) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevents spraying respiratory secretions into the environment during suction. However, it is not clear whether ventilation is maintained during the suction procedure, especially in patients with compromised pulmonary mechanics. This paper determines the effects of endotracheal tube (ETT) size, suction catheter size, and two lung mechanics (resistance and compliance) on ventilator-related parameters measured during suction. Suction was performed on an adult training lung, ventilated with either volume-controlled (VC-CMV) or pressure-controlled mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV), using ETT sizes of 6.5–8.0 mm paired with suction catheter sizes of 8–14 French (Fr). Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) increased by 50% when the ETT’s ventilation area was less than 25 mm2 in size, especially in patients with high airway resistance ventilated with VC-CMV. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels significantly decreased when using 14 Fr SC during VC-CMV and fewer effects during PC-CMV. Change of expiratory minute volume increased with higher outer diameter of suction catheters and decreased with severe lung compliance during PC-CMV. The change in ventilator-related parameters were intently monitored in the patient whose pulmonary mechanic was compromised through the CSS endotracheal tube suctioning procedures in clinical airway management.
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Pintavirooj, Chuchart, Areerat Maneerat, and Sarinporn Visitsattapongse. "Emergency Blower-Based Ventilator with Novel-Designed Ventilation Sensor and Actuator." Electronics 11, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050753.

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The ventilator, a life-saving device for COVID-19-infected patients, especially for pneumonia patients whose lungs are infected, has overwhelmingly skyrocketed since the pandemic of COVID-19 diseases started in December 2019. As a result, many biomedical engineers have rushed to design and construct emergency ventilators, using the Ambu-bag squeezing ventilator to compensate for the insufficient ventilators supply. The Ambu-bag squeezing ventilator, however, suffers from the limitation of delivered tidal volume to the patient, the setting respiration rate and the noisy operational sound due to the movement of mechanic parts. The Ambu-bag based ventilator is, hence, not suitable for prolonged treatment of the patient. This paper presents a design and construction of a blower-based pressure-controlled ventilator for home-treatment COVID-19 patients featured with our novel-designed flow and pressure sensor, electronic peep valve and proportional controlled valve. Our proposed ventilator can be programmed with the suitable parameter setting depending upon the weight, height, gender, and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the patients. This is useful in the current situation of COVID-19 pandemics, where trained medical staff is limited. The designed ventilator is also equipped with a safety mechanism, including an excessive-pressure-release valve, excessive flow rate, overpressure, and over-temperature blower to prevent any hazardous event. A home ventilator server is also set where all ventilator parameters will be acquired and broadcasted for remote access of the health provider. The designed blower-based ventilator has been calibrated and evaluated with a lung simulator and standard ventilator tester, including alarmed functions, safety mechanism, sound level, and regulated pressure. The respiration output graph is complied with the simulation. The blower-based ventilator for home-treatment COVID-19 patients is suitable for life support, commensurate with the strict requirements of the FDA for life-support ventilators, and ready to be tested with animal subjects in the next phase.
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Chacón-Lozsán, Francisco, and Péter Tamási. "Comparing lung mechanics of patients with COVID related respiratory distress syndrome versus non-COVID acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective observational study." Journal of Mechanical Ventilation 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53097/jmv.10062.

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Background Most patients admitted to the intensive care unit with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) develop severe respiratory failure. Understanding lung mechanics helps to guide protective mechanical ventilation, improve oxygenation, and reduce the ventilator induce lung injury. This study aims to describe lung mechanics characteristics of patients with COVID -19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) and to compare them with non-COVID-19 associated ARDS. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study of lung mechanics: plateau pressure (Pplat), Driving pressure (DP), Mechanical power (MPw), Elastic (dynamic) power (EdPw), Total ventilatory power (TPw), and oxygenation parameters (ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2), the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen multiplied by PEEP [PaO2/(FiO2 x PEEP)], arterial and venous carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2, PvCO2), and Ventilation dead space (VD) were measured and compared between the two groups after initiation of mechanical ventilation. Results 30 CARDS and 10 ARDS patients fulfilled the study requirements. We observed a significant higher MPw in the CARDS group (29.17 ± 8.29 J/min vs 15.78 ± 4.45 J/min, P 0.007), similarly observed with EdPw (256.7 ± 84.06 mJ/min vs 138.1 ± 39.15 mJ/min, P 0.01) and TPw (289.1 ± 84.51 mJ/min vs 161.5 ± 45.51, P 0.007). Inside the CARDS group, we found 2 subgroups, a low shunt subgroup and a higher shunt (Qs/Qt (%): 6.61 ± 2.46 for vs 40.3 ± 20.6, P 0.0009), however, between these two subgroups we didn’t find statistical differences on lung mechanic parameters but only in oxygenation parameters (PaO2/FiO2 and PaO2/FiO2*PEEP). When comparing these two subgroups with ARDS patients, we found more similarity between the low shunt CARDS and the ARDS patients on MP (R2 0.99, P 0.001), EdPw (R2 0.89, P 0.05) and TPw (R2 0.99, P 0.0009). Conclusions: Our study suggests important differences between CARDS and ARDS regarding mechanical parameters that could lead to more complicated management of CARDS patients and a higher prevalence of VILI. However due to the study limitations, a bigger study is necessary to corroborate our findings. Keywords: COVID-19, CARDS, ARDS, lung mechanics, VILI.
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Sedlak, Josef, Jiri Malasek, Martin Ondra, and Ales Polzer. "Construction of Mechanic Regulation of Turbine Ventilator using Half-Flap." Manufacturing Technology 16, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 1364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/mt/16/6/1364.

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Sedlak, Josef, Jiri Malasek, Martin Ondra, and Ales Polzer. "Construction of Mechanic Regulation of Turbine Ventilator using Whirling Turbine." Manufacturing Technology 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/mt/17/2/242.

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Srinivasan, Shriya S., Khalil B. Ramadi, Francesco Vicario, Declan Gwynne, Alison Hayward, David Lagier, Robert Langer, Joseph J. Frassica, Rebecca M. Baron, and Giovanni Traverso. "A rapidly deployable individualized system for augmenting ventilator capacity." Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 549 (May 18, 2020): eabb9401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abb9401.

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Strategies to split ventilators to support multiple patients requiring ventilatory support have been proposed and used in emergency cases in which shortages of ventilators cannot otherwise be remedied by production or procurement strategies. However, the current approaches to ventilator sharing lack the ability to individualize ventilation to each patient, measure pulmonary mechanics, and accommodate rebalancing of the airflow when one patient improves or deteriorates, posing safety concerns to patients. Potential cross-contamination, lack of alarms, insufficient monitoring, and inability to adapt to sudden changes in patient status have prevented widespread acceptance of ventilator sharing. We have developed an individualized system for augmenting ventilator efficacy (iSAVE) as a rapidly deployable platform that uses a single ventilator to simultaneously and more safely support two individuals. The iSAVE enables individual-specific volume and pressure control and the rebalancing of ventilation in response to improvement or deterioration in an individual’s respiratory status. The iSAVE incorporates mechanisms to measure pulmonary mechanics, mitigate cross-contamination and backflow, and accommodate sudden flow changes due to individual interdependencies within the respiratory circuit. We demonstrate these capacities through validation using closed- and open-circuit ventilators on linear test lungs. We show that the iSAVE can temporarily ventilate two pigs on one ventilator as efficaciously as each pig on its own ventilator. By leveraging off-the-shelf medical components, the iSAVE could rapidly expand the ventilation capacity of health care facilities during emergency situations such as pandemics.
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Agustina, Mita. "Gargling with Aloe vera extract is effective to prevent the Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)." GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) 2, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-23270.

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Background: Long-term use of a mechanic ventilator may cause Ventilator- Associated Pneumonia (VAP) infection, nosocomial pneumonia that occurs after 48 hours in patients using mechanical ventilation either through the endotracheal tube or the tracheostomy tube. To prevent the occurrence of VAP, antiseptic liquid (mouthwash) such as chlorhexidine 2% maybe recommended. However, gargling using chlorhexidine may also cause allergies, thus, Aloe vera extract could be an alternative. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Aloe vera extract as mouthwash to prevent the occurrence of Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Methods: This research is a quasi-experiment case-control study with a pre- posttest control group design. The sample size in this study was 30 respondents who were equally distributed into two groups; intervention group was administered using Aloe vera extract, while chlorhexidine was practiced for the control group. To determine the occurrence of VAP, Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia was measured on the first day of intubation and the fourth day, enumerated by nurses in the emergency room. CPIS is a set of indicators comprised of temperature, leucocyte, trachea secretion, oxygenation (PaO2/FiO in mm Hg), and thorax photo. CPIS value below than five will be regarded non-VAP, while CPIS scored 6-9 will be diagnosed as VAP. Results: Oral hygiene with Aloe vera extract was able to prevent the occurrence of VAP (p-value = 0.001), but there was no significant difference between the control group and intervention in the CPIS component temperature, leukocytes, tracheal secretions, FiO2, and the thoracic component. Conclusions: Oral hygiene with Aloe vera extract effectively prevented the occurrence of V entilator-Associated Pneumonia (V AP) compared to chlorhexidine.
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Liu, Ling, Xiaoting Xu, Qin Sun, Yue Yu, Feiping Xia, Jianfeng Xie, Yi Yang, Leo Heunks, and Haibo Qiu. "Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist versus Pressure Support Ventilation in Difficult Weaning." Anesthesiology 132, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 1482–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003207.

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Abstract Background Difficult weaning frequently develops in ventilated patients and is associated with poor outcome. In neurally adjusted ventilatory assist, the ventilator is controlled by diaphragm electrical activity, which has been shown to improve patient–ventilator interaction. The objective of this study was to compare neurally adjusted ventilatory assist and pressure support ventilation in patients difficult to wean from mechanical ventilation. Methods In this nonblinded randomized clinical trial, difficult-to-wean patients (n = 99) were randomly assigned to neurally adjusted ventilatory assist or pressure support ventilation mode. The primary outcome was the duration of weaning. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of successful weaning, patient–ventilator asynchrony, ventilator-free days, and mortality. Weaning duration was calculated as 28 days for patients under mechanical ventilation at day 28 or deceased before day 28 without successful weaning. Results Weaning duration in all patients was statistically significant shorter in the neurally adjusted ventilatory assist group (n = 47) compared with the pressure support ventilation group (n = 52; 3.0 [1.2 to 8.0] days vs. 7.4 [2.0 to 28.0], mean difference: −5.5 [95% CI, −9.2 to −1.4], P = 0.039). Post hoc sensitivity analysis also showed that the neurally adjusted ventilatory assist group had shorter weaning duration (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.98). The proportion of patients with successful weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation was higher in neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (33 of 47 patients, 70%) compared with pressure support ventilation (25 of 52 patients, 48%; respiratory rate for neurally adjusted ventilatory assist: 1.46 [95% CI, 1.04 to 2.05], P = 0.026). The number of ventilator-free days at days 14 and 28 was statistically significantly higher in neurally adjusted ventilatory assist compared with pressure support ventilation. Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist improved patient ventilator interaction. Mortality and length of stay in the intensive care unit and in the hospital were similar among groups. Conclusions In patients difficult to wean, neurally adjusted ventilatory assist decreased the duration of weaning and increased ventilator-free days. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New
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Cheng, Shou-Hsia, I.-Shiow Jan, and Pin-Chun Liu. "The soaring mechanic ventilator utilization under a universal health insurance in Taiwan." Health Policy 86, no. 2-3 (May 2008): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.11.002.

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Shi, Yan, Shuai Ren, Maolin Cai, and Weiqing Xu. "Modelling and Simulation of Volume Controlled Mechanical Ventilation System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/271053.

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Volume controlled mechanical ventilation system is a typical time-delay system, which is applied to ventilate patients who cannot breathe adequately on their own. To illustrate the influences of key parameters of the ventilator on the dynamics of the ventilated respiratory system, this paper firstly derived a new mathematical model of the ventilation system; secondly, simulation and experimental results are compared to verify the mathematical model; lastly, the influences of key parameters of ventilator on the dynamics of the ventilated respiratory system are carried out. This study can be helpful in the VCV ventilation treatment and respiratory diagnostics.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mechanic ventilator"

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PUTIGNANO, OSCAR. "Development of a Cherenkov based diagnostic for gamma-rays from fusion plasmas and advanced medical applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/402358.

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Lo scopo di questa tesi, iniziata a novembre 2019, è lo sviluppo di un rivelatore Cherenkov per misurare i raggi gamma da 17 MeV emessi dalla reazione di fusione D-T. Con l'espandersi della pandemia da COVID-19 nel nord Italia, a metà febbraio 2020, è divenuto evidente che il piano iniziale del mio lavoro di tesi dovesse essere fortemente cambiato, a causa della cancellazione delle attività sperimentali che avrebbero dovuto svolgersi nei laboratori UNIMIB/CNR a Milano e al Joint European Torus nel Regno Unito. In accordo con i miei tutor ho iniziato, insieme ad altri ricercatori, a lavorare su base volontaria ad un progetto denominato Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM). Il progetto MVM ha coinvolto un gruppo internazionale di più di 150 scienziati e ha prodotto in meno di tre mesi un ventilatore meccanico certificato dalla Food and Drugs Administration per uso su pazienti affetti da COVID-19 in terapia intensiva. L'attività su MVM ha portato, circa un anno dopo, allo sviluppo di un nuovo sensore di ossigeno veloce per applicazioni mediche. Il sensore è in grado di misurare il consumo di ossigeno di un individuo in tempo reale e durante un singolo respiro. La tesi è divisa in tre parti. La prima parte si concentra sullo sviluppo di un contatore di raggi gamma ottimizzato per la misura della potenza di fusione in un reattore a confinamento magnetico. Il gruppo di ricerca in cui mi sono inserito sta sviluppando un metodo innovativo per la misura della potenza prodotta dalle reazioni di fusione basato sulla rivelazione dei raggi gamma da 17 MeV prodotti durante la reazione D+T->5He*. Tipicamente il nucleo di 5He* decade emettendo una particella alfa e un neutrone, ma può anche diseccitarsi sullo stato fondamentale dell'5He, prima che questo si disintegri in una particella alfa e un neutrone, con una probabilità di 10^-5. Questi raggi gamma sono stati misurati al JET nella campagna DT appena conclusa con uno spettrometro gamma basato su un cristallo di LaBr3 e una acquisizione dati digitale veloce. Poiché l'efficienza ai raggi gamma e ai neutroni del LaBr3 è simile, è stato necessario usare un attentatore neutronico dedicato per osservare il debole segnale dovuto ai raggi gamma. Per superare i problemi dovuti alla sensibilità del LaBr3 ai neutroni ho progettato un rivelatore gamma a gas ottimizzato per funzionare in presenza di un intenso fondo neutronico. il rivelatore è basato sull'effetto Cherenkov e le simulazioni indicano che è 10^6 volte più sensibile ai raggi gamma che ai neutroni. Il prossimo passo sarà quello di costruire un prototipo del rivelatore per validare le simulazioni e provarlo su una sorgente di neutroni D-T. La seconda parte della tesi descrive lo sviluppo del sensore IFOx, un sensore di ossigeno ultra-veloce che può essere utilizzato per l'analisi polmonare. Poiché il principio di funzionamento del sensore è simile a quello di uno scintillatore, è un esempio di trasferimento di conoscenze dal campo delle diagnostiche nucleari ad applicazioni diverse. Il prototipo del sensore è caratterizzato da un'eccellente risposta temporale ed è stato utilizzato per misurare la Capacità Funzionale Residua in volontari sani. I risultati eccellenti del test sui volontari sani hanno aperto la via per uno studio clinico su pazienti intubati, durante il quale il sensore verrà integrato con un ventilatore polmonare. L'ultima parte della tesi riguarda MVM e descrive la progettazione di un ventilatore che necessita poche parti e che può essere costruito in tempi brevi anche durante una interruzione della catena di approvvigionamento dei materiali. Ho contribuito al progetto grazie alla mia esperienza sui sistemi gas e sui controlli software in tempo reale, e ho partecipato alle misure necessarie ad ottenere la calibrazione. I risultati principali che hanno portato alla certificazione per uso umano da parte della Comunità Europea sono descritti nella tesi.
Aim of this thesis, begun in November 2019, is the development of an innovative Cerenkov detector for measurements of 17 MeV gamma-rays emitted by the D-T fusion reaction in an intense neutron field. With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemics in Northern Italy in February 2020, it became clear that the original program planned for my PhD work had to be significantly changed, since experimental activities to be carried out in the UNIMIB/CNR laboratories in Milan and at the Joint European Torus in the UK had to be cancelled. In agreement with my tutors I volunteered together with other scientists to contribute to a project called Mechanical Ventilator Milan (MVM). The MVM project involved an international team of more than 150 scientists and has produced over the very short period of less than three months a mechanical ventilator approved by the American Food and Drug Administration for use at the intensive care unit of hospitals to treat patients affected by COVID-19. The activities of the MVM project led to the development of a new fast oxygen sensor for medical application, about one year later. The sensor measures the oxygen consumption in real time during a single breath. The thesis is organized in three parts. The first part is focused on the development of a gamma-ray counter optimized for the measurement of the D-T fusion power produced in a magnetic confinement fusion device. The research team I have joined is developing a novel technique for the measurement of DT fusion power in a magnetic confinement device based on the detection of 17 MeV gamma-rays also produced by the D+T->5He* reaction. The 5He* nucleus promptly decays usually emitting an alpha particle and a neutron, but it may de-excite to the ground level emitting a gamma-ray with a probability of the order of 10^-5. These gamma-rays have been detected in the recent DT campaign at JET with a gamma spectrometer based on LaBr3 and a fast digital data acquisition. Since the efficiency of the scintillator to high energy gamma-rays and neutrons are comparable, the use of a dedicated LiH based neutron attenuator to observe the weak gamma-ray signal is needed. To overcome the limitations posed by the sensitivity of LaBr3 detectors to neutrons, I designed a gamma-ray gas detector optimized to work in the presence of an intense neutron field. The detector is based on the Cherenkov effect and simulations indicate that it is 10^6 times more sensitive to gamma-rays than to neutrons. The next step would be to build a prototype of the detector to validate the simulation results and to test it on a D-T neutron source. The second part of the thesis describes the design and build of the IFOx sensor, an ultra-fast oxygen sensor that can be used for lung analysis by working in the so called mainstream configuration. Since the working principle of the IFOx sensor somewhat resembles the one of a scintillator detector, this is an example of knowledge transfer from nuclear diagnostics to a different application. The prototype that was built features excellence time response and was used in a trial study on healthy volunteers to measure the Functional Residual Capacity. The excellent results of the trial study on healthy volunteers has opened up the possibility to carry out a clinical study on intensive care unit patients in the near future, by integrating the oxygen sensor with mechanical ventilators. The last part of the thesis is about the MVM project and describes the ventilator design aimed to the production of a ventilator composed of a few parts so that it can be rapidly built on large scales even during the disruption of the components supply chain. I was able to contribute to the project thanks to my knowledge of gas systems, advanced real time controls, and I participated in the measurement required for the certification. The key results that led to a full certification for usage on patient by the European Commission are also described in this work.
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Carteaux, Guillaume. "Optimisation des interactions patient-ventilateur en ventilation assistée : intérêt des nouveaux algorithmes de ventilation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0027/document.

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En ventilation assistée, les interactions patient-ventilateur, qui sont associés au pronostic, dépendent pour partie des algorithmes de ventilation. Objectifs : Caractériser l'intérêt potentiel des nouveaux algorithmes de ventilation dans l'optimisation des interactions patient-ventilateur : 1) en ventilation invasive, deux modes et leurs algorithmes nous ont semblé novateurs et nous avons cherché à personnaliser l'assistance du ventilateur en fonction de l'effort respiratoire du patient au cours de ces modes proportionnels : ventilation assistée proportionnelle (PAV+) et ventilation assistée neurale (NAVA) ; 2) en ventilation non-invasive (VNI) nous avons évalué si les algorithmes VNI des ventilateurs de réanimation et des ventilateurs dédiés à la VNI diminuaient l'incidence des asynchronies patient-ventilateur. Méthodes : 1) En PAV+ nous avons décrit un moyen de recalculer le pic de pression musculaire réalisée par le patient à chaque inspiration à partir du gain réglé et de la pression des voies aériennes monitorée par le respirateur. Nous avons alors évalué la faisabilité clinique d'ajuster l'assistance en ciblant un intervalle jugé normal de pression musculaire. 2) Nous avons comparé une titration de l'assistance en NAVA et en aide inspiratoire (AI) en se basant sur les indices d'effort respiratoire. 3 et 4) En VNI, nous avons évalué l'incidence des asynchronies patient-ventilateur avec et sans l'utilisation d'algorithmes VNI : sur banc d'essai au cours de conditions expérimentales reproduisant la présence de fuites autour de l'interface ; en clinique chez des patients de réanimation. Résultats : En PAV+, ajuster le gain dans le but de cibler un effort respiratoire normal était faisable, simple et souvent suffisant pour ventiler les patients depuis le sevrage de la ventilation mécanique jusqu'à l'extubation. En NAVA, l'analyse des indices d'effort respiratoire a permis de préciser les bornes d'utilisation et de comparer les interactions patient-ventilateur avec l'AI dans des intervalles d'assistance semblables. En VNI, nos données pointaient l'hétérogénéité des algorithmes VNI sur les ventilateurs de réanimation et retrouvaient une meilleure synchronisation patient-ventilateur avec l'utilisation de ventilateurs dédiés à la VNI pour des qualités de pressurisation par ailleurs identiques. Conclusions : En ventilation invasive, personnaliser l'assistance des modes proportionnels optimise les interactions patient-ventilateur et il est possible de cibler une zone d'effort respiratoire normale en PAV+. En VNI, les ventilateurs dédiés améliorent la synchronisation patient-ventilateur plus encore que les algorithmes VNI sur les ventilateurs de réanimation, dont l'efficacité varie grandement selon le ventilateur considéré
During assisted mechanical ventilation, patient-ventilator interactions, which are associated with outcome, partly depend on ventilation algorithms.Objectives: : 1) during invasive mechanical ventilation, two modes offered real innovations and we wanted to assess whether the assistance could be customized depending on the patient's respiratory effort during proportional ventilatory modes: proportional assist ventilation with load-adjustable gain factors (PAV+) and neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA); 2) during noninvasive ventilation (NIV): to assess whether NIV algorithms implemented on ICU and dedicated NIV ventilators decrease the incidence of patient-ventilator asynchrony.Methods: 1) In PAV+ we described a way to calculate the muscle pressure value from the values of both the gain adjusted by the clinician and the airway pressure. We then assessed the clinical feasibility of adjusting the gain with the goal of maintaining the muscle pressure within a normal range. 2) We compared titration of assistance between neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA) and pressure support ventilation (PSV) based on respiratory effort indices. During NIV, we assessed the incidence of patient-ventilator asynchrony with and without the use of NIV algorithms: 1) using a bench model; 2) and in the clinical settings.Results: During PAV+, adjusting the gain with the goal of targeting a normal range of respiratory effort was feasible, simple, and most often sufficient to ventilate patients from the onset of partial ventilatory support until extubation. During NAVA, the analysis of respiratory effort indices allowed us to precise the boundaries within which the NAVA level should be adjusted and to compare patient-ventilator interactions with PSV within similar ranges of assistance. During NIV, our data stressed the heterogeneity of NIV algorithms implemented on ICU ventilators. We therefore reported that dedicated NIV ventilators allowed better patient-ventilator synchronization than ICU ventilators, even with their NIV algorithms engaged.Conclusions: During invasive mechanical ventilation, customizing the assistance during proportional ventilatory modes with the goal of targeting a normal range of respiratory effort optimizes patient-ventilator interactions and is feasible with PAV+. During NIV, dedicated NIV ventilators allow better patient-ventilator synchrony than ICU ventilators, even with their NIV algorithm engaged. ICU ventilators' NIV algorithms efficiency is however highly variable among ventilators
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Sperber, Jesper. "Protective Mechanical Ventilation in Inflammatory and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Models." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-282602.

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Severe infections, trauma or major surgery can each cause a state of systemic inflammation. These causes for systemic inflammation often coexist and complicate each other. Mechanical ventilation is commonly used during major surgical procedures and when respiratory functions are failing in the intensive care setting. Although necessary, the use of mechanical ventilation can cause injury to the lungs and other organs especially under states of systemic inflammation. Moreover, a course of mechanical ventilator therapy can be complicated by ventilator-associated pneumonia, a factor greatly influencing mortality. The efforts to avoid additional ventilator-induced injury to patients are embodied in the expression ‘protective ventilation’. With the use of pig models we have examined the impact of protective ventilation on systemic inflammation, on organ-specific inflammation and on bacterial growth during pneumonia. Additionally, with a 30-hour ventilator-associated pneumonia model we examined the influence of mechanical ventilation and systemic inflammation on bacterial growth. Systemic inflammation was initiated with surgery and enhanced with endotoxin. The bacterium used was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We found that protective ventilation during systemic inflammation attenuated the systemic inflammatory cytokine responses and reduced secondary organ damage. Moreover, the attenuated inflammatory responses were seen on the organ specific level, most clearly as reduced counts of inflammatory cytokines from the liver. Protective ventilation entailed lower bacterial counts in lung tissue after 6 hours of pneumonia. Mechanical ventilation for 24 h, before a bacterial challenge into the lungs, increased bacterial counts in lung tissue after 6 h. The addition of systemic inflammation by endotoxin during 24 h increased the bacterial counts even more. For comparison, these experiments used control groups with clinically common ventilator settings. Summarily, these results support the use of protective ventilation as a means to reduce systemic inflammation and organ injury, and to optimize bacterial clearance in states of systemic inflammation and pneumonia.
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Thille, Arnaud. "Asynchronies patient-ventilateur au cours de la ventilation assistée." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667286.

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Des asynchronies patient-ventilateur sont fréquemment observées en ventilation assistée. Objectif : Déterminer l'incidence et les facteurs favorisants des asynchronies, venant du patient, du ventilateur ou des réglages, et préciser le réglage optimal du ventilateur. Méthodes : Nous avons évalué l'incidence des asynchronies avec une méthode simple et non invasive basée sur l'analyse des courbes du ventilateur. Chez les patients qui présentaient des efforts inefficaces, nous avons mesuré l'effort inspiratoire avec une sonde œsophagienne afin d'optimiser le réglage du ventilateur. Nous avons évalué l'impact du mode ventilatoire sur la qualité du sommeil avec une polysomnographie complète. Enfin, tous les ventilateurs de réanimation ont été testés sur banc afin de comparer les performances en termes de trigger et pressurisation. Résultats : Près d'un quart des patients présentaient des asynchronies fréquentes. La durée de ventilation de ces patients était plus longue et le sevrage plus difficile. Les efforts inefficaces, qui représentaient les asynchronies les plus fréquentes, étaient favorisés par une assistance ventilatoire excessive. La réduction du niveau d'aide inspiratoire (AI) permettait d'éliminer quasi-complètement les efforts inefficaces, sans augmenter l'effort inspiratoire et sans modifier la vraie fréquence respiratoire du patient. Le mode ventilatoire n'avait pas d'influence sur la qualité du sommeil et les asynchronies. Les efforts inefficaces survenaient aussi bien en AI qu'en ventilation assistée contrôlée. Avec un niveau d'AI adéquat, les apnées centrales étaient peu nombreuses et n'avaient pas d'influence sur la qualité du sommeil. Les performances insuffisantes observées avec certains ventilateurs peuvent également altérer la synchronisation. Conclusion : Les asynchronies patient-ventilateur sont fréquentes et associées à une durée de ventilation prolongée. Une " dose de ventilation " excessive favorise les efforts inefficaces, mais un réglage optimal du ventilateur permet de minimiser ces asynchronies. Cette thèse est un support pour déterminer dans une étude plus large si une synchronisation adéquate peut réduire la durée de ventilation.
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Lyazidi, Aissam. "Évaluation des performances et des limitations des ventilateurs sur banc d'essai." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1073.

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Les ventilateurs ont connu des progrès technologiques considérables grâce à l'application de concepts physiologiques, à l'électronique, à l'informatique et la miniaturisation. Leurs conceptions et performances intrinsèques, en revanche, ont pu rester inégales sur certains points. L'objectif de ce travail a été d'évaluer sur un banc d'essai, avec un protocole, adapté aux problématiques soulevées en pratique clinique, tous les ventilateurs de réanimation, transport et de ventilation non invasive de façon rigoureuse et reproductible. Les résultats montrent que 1) l'erreur sur le volume réellement délivré est très fréquente et correspond facilement à 1ml/kg de volume supplémentaire ; le VT indiqué sur les ventilateurs est inférieur au VT réellement délivré ; 2) les performances des nouveaux ventilateurs ne présentent pas d'améliorations significatives par rapport aux meilleurs ventilateurs testés en 2000; les ventilateurs à turbine sont identiques ou proches des meilleurs ventilateurs conventionnels ; 3) les ventilateurs dédiés à la ventilation non invasive montrent de meilleures performances pour s'adapter à la présence de fuites ; 4) la ventilation par percussion intra-pulmonaire superposée à la ventilation conventionnelle peut réduire l'apport de l'humidification, influencer les volumes administrés et induire une pression expiratoire positive intrinsèque. Les tests sur banc montrent une grande hétérogénéité des performances. Une veille technologique semble indispensable pour évaluer tout nouveau ventilateur
The ventilators have markedly improved thanks to progress in respiratory physiology, in informatics and miniaturization. However, their intrinsic performances remain unequal. The aim was to evaluate ventilators performances on reproducible bench test studies adapted to clinical questions. Tests show that 1) the error of really delivered volume is approximately 1 ml/kg of additional volume; the tidal volume (VT) indicated on the ventilators was lower than the real delivered VT ; 2) Performances of new ventilators are comparable to the best ventilators tested in 2000 ; turbine ventilators are quite similar to best conventional ventilators ; 3) The ventilators dedicated to non invasive ventilation showed better performances to cope with leaks 4) The intrapulmonary percussive ventilation superimposed on conventional ventilation can reduce humidity, increase volumes and can generate intrinsic positive expiratory pressure. The bench tests showed a large heterogeneity of performances. A technological watch seems essential to evaluate all new ventilators
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Hult, Erin L. (Erin Luelle) 1982. "Experimental simulation of wind driven cross-ventilation in a naturally ventilated building." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32808.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 29).
A device was designed and constructed to simulate cross-ventilation through a building due to natural wind. The wind driver device was designed for use with a one tenth scale model of an open floor plan office building in Luton, England. The air flow patterns produced by the wind driver were observed, and the uniformity of the velocity of the flows into the model windows was measured for the three settings of the wind driver fans. The temperatures and velocities of flows on the interior of the building and at the exhaust windows were also examined. The wind driver device was capable of producing uniform velocities across the face of the model to within 20 to 27%, depending on the fan setting. The consistency of certain features of the velocity distributions produced by the wind driver operating at different speeds suggest that improvements made to the design of the wind driver could lower this variation to about 15%. The velocities measured on the interior of the model seem consistent with interior velocities in the Luton building, although further experimentation is needed to confirm this trend. Cross-ventilation was effective in reducing interior model temperatures by up to 10⁰C from the natural convection case.
by Erin L. Hult.
S.B.
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Balaji, Ravishankar. "Breathing Entrainment and Mechanical Ventilation in Rats." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1307743446.

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Júnior, Marcus Henrique Victor. "Implementation and assessment of a novel mechanical ventilatory system following a noisy ventilation regime." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2014. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3151.

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This study concerns the development of a novel mechanical ventilation system, with a view to analysing the results of a new mechanical ventilation technique, referred to noisy ventilation. Additionally, the study addresses the assessment of the system, involving the estimation of certain mechanical parameters of the respiratory system under noisy ventilation and discusses a pilot trial in vivo, with a pig. During acute respiratory failure, intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation may be life saving procedures. The general aim of mechanical ventilation is to provide adequate gas exchange support, while not damaging the respiratory system. This technique is one of the most important life support tools in the intensive care unit. However, it may also be harmful by causing ventilator induced lung injury and other undesirable effects. There is a growing interest in the development and use of variable mechanical ventilation performing variable volume and variable pressure controlled ventilation. The reasons are that this technique can improve lung functions and reduce lung damage, when compared to standard mechanical ventilation. Moreover, variable ventilation can improve lung mechanics and gas exchanges. The new ventilation system has to have the capabilities to perform a noisy ventilation regime, besides the standard mechanical ventilation. The development started with commercial devices: a mechanical ventilator and a personal computer, whose roles were to execute the noisy ventilation regime and to implement the new ventilation pattern by means of a ventilation routine, commanding the mechanical ventilator. After these two components were working together, a bench test was performed, in which a calibrated measuring device and a mechanical lung simulator were utilized. Considering that the system was working properly, it was possible to validate it by analysing the results. As the mechanical properties of the respiratory system are important quantities to know, a parameter estimation method was developed, with a view to estimating some relevant properties, such as compliance, positive end--expiratory pressure, resistance and others. The estimates were related to the adopted model for the respiratory system. In this study, four models were discussed: first order linear model, flow dependent resistance model, volume dependent elastance model and second order linear model. For each one, all parameters were estimated and the outcomes from each estimation were compared with the others, with a view to finding relationships between them and to evaluating the goodness of each model. Furthermore, as some parameters could be adjusted directly in the devices, adjusted and estimated values could also be compared. Finally, one trial in vivo was performed, with a view to assessing the behaviour of the system in a real situation and to showing the developed system to the research team. The system was set to work in a noisy and in a standard ventilation regime. It showed reasonable results in terms of quality of ventilation as well as reliability and maintainability of the ventilatory regime, during the whole test period. The developed parameter estimation methods were utilized to estimate the mechanical respiratory properties of the animal under test and to find cross relationships between these outcomes and others, such as those from blood gas, ultrasonography and electrical impedance tomography.
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Svantesson, Cecilia. "Respiratory mechanics during mechanical ventilation in health and in disease." Lund : Dept. of Clinical Psychology, Lund University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38987113.html.

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Elshafie, Ghazi Abdelgadir E. "Ventilatory mechanics in thoracic surgery." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7141/.

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This thesis proved that chest wall motion analysis technology could be used in thoracic surgery to answer a number of clinical and physiological questions. We used it either as a diagnostic tool or for the evaluation of an intervention outcome. We divided its use as a diagnostic tool into two categories; 1- diagnosis before surgery and 2- diagnosis after surgery. In the evaluation of an intervention outcome, we divided its use after a number of interventions: 1. Cosmetic Surgery: Chapter 5: The Effect of Pectus Carinatum (Pigeon Chest) Repair on Chest Wall Mechanics 2. Prognostic Surgery: a) Chapter 4: The Effect of Chest Wall Reconstruction on Chest Wall Mechanics b) Chapter 10: Late Changes in Chest Wall Mechanics Post Lung Resection: The Effect of Lung Cancer Resection In COPD patients 3. Palliative Surgery: a) Chapter 6: The Effect of Lung Volume Reduction Surgery on Chest Wall Mechanics b) Chapter 3: The Effect of Diaphragmatic Plication (Fixation) on Chest Wall Mechanics 4. Post-operative Intervention: Chapter 8: The Effect of Thoracic Nerve Blocks on Chest Wall Mechanics.
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Books on the topic "Mechanic ventilator"

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Arnal, Jean-Michel. Monitoring Mechanical Ventilation Using Ventilator Waveforms. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58655-7.

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1955-, Mishoe Shelley C., ed. Ventilator concepts: A systematic approach to mechanical ventilators. San Diego, Calif: California College for Health Sciences, 1987.

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M, Kacmarek Robert, ed. Essentials of mechanical ventilation. New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division, 1996.

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Lemaire, François, ed. Mechanical Ventilation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87448-2.

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Slutsky, Arthur S., and Laurent Brochard, eds. Mechanical Ventilation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b138096.

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Kreit, John W. Mechanical ventilation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

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François, Lemaire, ed. Mechanical ventilation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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MacIntyre, Neil R., and Richard D. Branson, eds. Mechanical ventilation. Philadelphia, Pennsylvana: W.B. Saunders, 2001.

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MacIntyre, Neil R. Mechanical ventilation. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2001.

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MacIntyre, Neil R., and Richard D. Branson. Mechanical Ventilation. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Mechanic ventilator"

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Belforte, G., G. Eula, and T. Raparelli. "Mechanical ventilators and ventilator testers." In Biomechanics and Sports, 27–35. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2760-5_4.

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Drechsler, Andreas, Steffi Reinhold, Andreas Ruff, Martin Schneider, and Berndt Zeitler. "Airborne Sound Insulation of Sustainable Building Facades." In iCity. Transformative Research for the Livable, Intelligent, and Sustainable City, 335–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92096-8_22.

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AbstractTwo trends are currently leading to an increased risk of indoor noise pollution. Firstly, urban densification causes traffic noise sources to be closer to the building facades which makes them louder at the facades. Secondly, airtightness of buildings, due to energy regulations, leads to the need of natural or mechanical ventilation to ensure a “healthy” indoor air quality, thereby allowing noise to easily pass from outdoors to indoors. In the case of mechanical ventilation, an additional noise source is also created. This study investigates the risk reduction of an indoor noise problem by optimizing the facade elements regarding sound insulation. Noise levels of different transportation noise sources (cars, trucks, trains) are used to calculate the resulting indoor noise levels after passing through the facade elements. The amount of noise transmitted into the indoors is dependent on the frequency spectra of the sources and of the sound reduction properties of the facade elements. Facade elements such as masonry walls, open windows, and ventilators are investigated and modified regarding their sound insulation properties. Through passive means, the weighted sound reduction index of an open window and an open ventilator was increased by 12 dB and 3 dB, respectively. Also, the indoor self-noise of the ventilator was investigated and reduced for different airflow rates.
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Marchetti, Nathaniel, Christopher B. Remakus, Ubaldo J. Martin, and Gerard J. Criner. "Mechanical Ventilation – Part II: Monitoring of Respiratory Mechanics During Mechanical Ventilation and Ventilator Strategies." In Critical Care Study Guide, 856–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77452-7_45.

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Scala, Raffaele. "Ventilators for Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation." In Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation, 27–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11365-9_5.

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Fahmy, Tamer, and Sameh Salim. "ICU Ventilators Versus BiPAP Ventilators in Noninvasive Ventilation." In Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation, 31–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21653-9_5.

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Bowton, David L., and R. Duncan Hite. "Ventilator Mechanics." In A Practical Guide to Mechanical Ventilation, 133–39. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470976609.ch11.

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Arnal, Jean-Michel. "Basics." In Monitoring Mechanical Ventilation Using Ventilator Waveforms, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58655-7_1.

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Arnal, Jean-Michel. "Controlled Modes." In Monitoring Mechanical Ventilation Using Ventilator Waveforms, 29–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58655-7_2.

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Arnal, Jean-Michel. "Monitoring During Expiration." In Monitoring Mechanical Ventilation Using Ventilator Waveforms, 59–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58655-7_3.

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Arnal, Jean-Michel. "Assisted and Spontaneous Modes." In Monitoring Mechanical Ventilation Using Ventilator Waveforms, 81–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58655-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Mechanic ventilator"

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Xiao-ming, Yu, and Li Jin-feng. "Centrifugal multi-wing type ventilator performance improvement and Numerical simulation." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536700.

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Mei Zhang. "The research of speed control system based on intelligent PID controller to mine local ventilator." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987064.

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Danna, Mason, Evan George, Sanjana Ranganathan, Zachary I. Richards, R. Kenneth Sims, Pauline M. Berens, Priyanka S. Deshpande, and Swami Gnanashanmugam. "A Low-Cost, Open-Source Solution to the Covid-19 Ventilator Shortage." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1044.

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Abstract Mechanical ventilators are beneficial in treating and managing various respiratory diseases, including interstitial pneumonia associated with Coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of a worldwide need for more accessible and affordable mechanical ventilatory devices. This project, known as the Third Coast Ventilator, aims to create a low-cost, open-source solution to the ventilator shortage created by the COVID-19 pandemic; this device can additionally be implemented in developing countries with limited medical resources, where ventilators are often inaccessible. Using readily available components found within hospitals and local stores, our team designed a prototype that can be assembled and functional within an hour. Our testing demonstrated accurate tidal volume delivery while modulating commonly used ranges of inspiratory to expiratory ratios, air flow rates, and respiratory rates. These promising results are an important step toward our goal of creating a low-cost, open-source, globally accessible ventilator in areas where shortages exist.
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de Souza Lopes Palagar, Anna Esther, Katrine de Souza Guimarães, Gabriela Motta Vasconcelos, Karla Duarte Barreto Xavier, and Luciano Matos Chicayban. "Elaboration of neonatal and pediatric mechanical lungs." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212404.

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Pediatric patients or newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) receive life support care due to various conditions and pathologies. The physiotherapist controls and applies medicinal gases, institutes and monitors invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation, as well as performs weaning, among others. Learning ventilatory management must be appropriate for the age and, therefore, consider different lungs for the proper simulations of compliance and resistance. Although the insertion of physical therapists is relatively recent, there are several postgraduate courses and training in this area. The creation of a mechanical lungthat covers, separately, neonatal and pediatric patients will be a fundamental tool for the learning and training of future professionals who will work in the area. To develop two neonatal and pediatric mechanical lungs, as well as to simulate different elastic and resistive behaviors inherent in clinical practice. Experimental study, bench, divided into two stages: creation of mechanical lungs and evaluation of mechanical characteristics. The lungs will be made on a two-story metallic base: on the upper floor, the pediatric lung and the lower floor, the neonatal. In the second stage, the mechanical lung will be connected to a mechanical ventilator, using its own ventilatory parameters used in both types of patients. For the neonatal, respiratory rate of 35rpm, inspiratory time of 0.45 and endotracheal tube of 3.0 mm. The pediatric lung will be ventilated with a volume between 100-120mL, 20-25 compliance and a 4.5mm orotracheal tube. The construction of the neonatal and pediatric mechanical lung will strongly add the teaching of the Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Physical Therapy specialty in the Undergraduate and Graduate settings, adding value to the teaching and training of professionals.
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Singru, Pravin, Bhargav Mistry, Rachna Shetty, and Satish Deopujari. "Design of MEMS Based Piezo-Resistive Sensor for Measuring Pressure in Endo-Tracheal Tube." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50838.

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Mechanical ventilation is the process of providing artificial breathing support to a patient. More than half of critically ill patients require mechanical ventilation[1]. Though mechanical ventilation increases time for recuperation, it is known to have given rise to complications arising from over-distention of lungs leading to ventilator associated lung injury (VALI) and ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). This paper aims to develop a sensor to identify breathing efforts initiated by the patient and give back responses to the ventilator to regulate ventilation modes and tidal volumes delivered by the ventilator. This will significantly aid in reducing asynchrony between the patient efforts and the ventilator input, thus preventing lung injury. Towards this end, we have simulated and studied the effect of different kinds of dynamic loading and diaphragm membrane thickness of the sensor on its sensitivity on a basic design.
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Tamayo, Alex G. "Application Of The Recommendations And Parameters Of Mechanic Ventilator Used During The Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy In Patients With Suspicion Of Influenza A H1N1." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5860.

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Kruger, Sunita, and Leon Pretorius. "Heat Transfer in Three-Dimensional Single-Span Greenhouses Containing a Roof Ventilator." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71207.

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Greenhouses are used worldwide to grow various types of plants in climates and seasons not usually adequately suited for optimum growth. The microclimate inside greenhouses is of major importance as it directly affects the quantity and quality of crop production. Ventilation is a vital mechanism for maintaining an acceptable indoor climate for optimum plant production. A three-dimensional CFD model of a single span greenhouse with roof ventilators is presented. CFD results from a two-dimensional version of the model are compared with appropriate previous experimental results. The role of the Standard versus Low-Reynolds number k-epsilon turbulence model is emphasized. The addition of a ventilator to the roof of a single-span greenhouse was found to have an influence on the heat transfer inside the cavity. Various configurations of three-dimensional CFD models of the greenhouse with different ventilator opening sizes for zero and 45 degrees roof angle were investigated. Additional Nusselt-Rayleigh number relationships for specific Rayleigh number ranges were deduced, and can be useful for a greenhouse designer.
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Hegeman, M. A., S. N. T. Hemmes, M. T. Kuipers, Lieuwe D. J. Bos, G. Jongsma, K. F. van der Sluijs, and M. J. Schultz. "Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Aggravates Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a1707.

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Near, Eric, Mustafa Ihsan, Waylon Chan, and Vimal Viswanathan. "Design and Testing of a Low-Cost Ventilator to Battle the Global Pandemic." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70897.

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Abstract COVID-19 is an infectious disease that has dramatically affected the world, causing a pandemic and changing many aspects of people’s lives and how they interact. The condition is highly contagious and aims at a person’s respiratory system. A ventilator, a medical device that helps patients breathe when they are unable to do it independently, is needed because COVID-19 inflames the airways in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe normally. Ventilators are not the cure for COVID-19 but are a piece of equipment to help people breathe until that body function can be done independently. Such equipment can be expensive to acquire and cumbersome to operate. The Spartan Ventilator uses off-the-shelf equipment, economic controls, and robust techniques to supply a patient’s lungs with oxygen. The system is designed for oxygen tanks that are commonly found within hospitals. However, a mechanical pump will be used as a substitute. All processes are controlled and monitored by an LCD touchscreen attached to an Arduino. The user interface is presented with simple buttons and menus to maximize screen space, provide quick readings of pressure, and control breaths per minute (BPM). PVC pipes, a cheap and durable material suitable for the non-volatile transportation of gas, were used. The valves we use are not definitive; they can be replaced with any 12V valve. The significant differences with the Spartan Ventilator are the price and the simplicity that the new technology has. The Spartan Ventilator can be very cheap compared to other professional ventilators that can be found in hospitals. The ventilator can be ten times less expensive than different professional ventilators while having the same efficiency and power.
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Makhoul, Alain, Kamel Ghali, and Nesreen Ghaddar. "Ceiling-Mounted Fresh Air Personalized Ventilator System for Occupant-Controlled Microenvironment." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87565.

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The aim of this work is to develop an effective coaxial personalized ventilator nozzle as add-on to ceiling diffuser to localize the air conditioning and fresh air needs of occupants in a space. The ceiling diffusers supply the space with circulated conditioned return air while the personalized coaxial ventilators supply fresh air directly to the breathing zone of occupants. The coaxial nozzle minimizes air entrainment between the fresh air stream and the space contaminated air and allows the effective delivery of fresh air from a substantial distance with lower amounts than what is required by ASHRAE standards. A detailed 3D CFD model was developed and used to optimize the nozzles dimensions and outlet flow characteristics. The CFD model numerical findings were then validated against experimental data where flow field measurements involving the flow rate and air quality were taken. The proposed air delivery system (coaxial personalized ventilator and angled ceiling diffuser) has substantially reduced air conditioning system energy consumption (up to 28%) when it was compared with conventional overhead mixing systems. Meanwhile, it permitted to obtain equivalent thermal comfort conditions and achieve higher breathing air quality (45% ventilation effectiveness at 10 L/s.person fresh air flow rate) compared to conventional mixed air systems with the privilege of the occupant being able to control his own microclimate.
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Reports on the topic "Mechanic ventilator"

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Ding, Huaze, Yiling Dong, Kaiyue Zhang, Jiayu Bai, and Chenpan Xu. Comparison of dexmedetomidine versus propofol in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0103.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine compared with propofol in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis. Condition being studied: Sepsis, which is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, contributes the highest mortality to intensive care units (ICU) worldwide . Because of the high incidence of respiratory failure in sepsis care, mechanical ventilation is always adopted to give life support and minimize lung injury . And sedation is a necessary component of sepsis care who suffers from mechanical ventilation. The Society of Critical Care Medicine suggested using either propofol or dexmedetomidine for sedation in mechanically ventilated adults. However, it remained unknown whether patients with sepsis requiring mechanical ventilation will benefit from sedation with dexmedetomidine.
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Morris, Andrew M., Peter Juni, Ayodele Odutayo, Pavlos Bobos, Nisha Andany, Kali Barrett, Martin Betts, et al. Remdesivir for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.27.1.0.

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Remdesivir, a direct-acting antiviral agent, may reduce mortality and progression to mechanical ventilation in moderately ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19 on supplemental low-flow oxygen. The benefits of remdesivir for critically ill patients requiring supplemental oxygen via high-flow nasal cannula or mask, or non-invasive mechanical ventilation, is uncertain. Remdesivir does not benefit and may harm critically ill patients already receiving mechanical ventilation or requiring extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and it does not provide substantial benefit for hospitalized patients who do not require supplemental oxygen. Remdesivir appears to have comparable effects when used for 5 days or 10 days, and does not appear to be associated with significant adverse effects. Remdesivir is recommended in moderately ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen (Figure 1). Remdesivir may be considered for patients requiring oxygen supplementation via high-flow nasal cannula or mask, or non-invasive mechanical ventilation. It should not be used in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation or those receiving ECMO. Remdesivir should not be used in patients who do not require supplemental oxygen.
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Atladottir, Dr Hjördis Osk, and Dr Niels Kim Schønemann. Broncho-gastric fistula complicating mechanical ventilation. The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21466/ac.bfcmvac.2016.

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4

Persily, Andrew K. A modeling study of ventilation, IAQ and energy impacts of residential mechanical ventilation. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6162.

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5

Hurel, Nolwenn, Max H. Sherman, and Iain S. Walker. Simplified Methods for Combining Natural and Mechanical Ventilation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1469162.

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6

Hurel, Nolwenn, Max H. Sherman, and Iain S. Walker. Simplified Methods for Combining Natural and Mechanical Ventilation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1512199.

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7

Chan, Way R., Yang S. Kim, Brennen D. Less, Brett C. Singer, and Iain S. Walker. Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in New California Homes with Gas Appliances and Mechanical Ventilation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1509678.

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8

Fang, Mingxing, Yan Li, Qi Zhang, Na LIu, XIaoyan Tan, and Hai Yue. The effect of driving pressure-guided ventilation strategy on the patients with mechanical ventilation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0113.

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Abstract:
Review question / Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of driving pressure (DP)guided ventilation strategy on the patients with mechanical ventilation in the hospital. RCTs were included to study. Eligibility criteria: Studies were included based on the following criteria: 1. Study type: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs); 2. Patient population: Patients with MV aged ≥ 18 years; 3. Intervention group: driving pressure guided ventilation strategy; 4. Control group: lung protective ventilation (LPV) strategy. Information sources: The articles published in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Information (CNKI), Wei Pu, Wan fang database and Web of science from inception to September 2021 were retrieved.
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Logue, Jennifer M., Willliam JN Turner, Iain S. Walker, and Brett C. Singer. Evaluation of an Incremental Ventilation Energy Model for Estimating Impacts of Air Sealing and Mechanical Ventilation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1173154.

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10

Martin, Eric. Impact of Residential Mechanical Ventilation on Energy Cost and Humidity Control. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1122301.

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