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Academic literature on the topic 'Mécanismes corticaux'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mécanismes corticaux"
Grandjean, D. "Emergence de l’émotion : mécanismes sous-corticaux et corticaux impliqués dans les processus émotionnels." Revue Neurologique 168 (April 2012): A166—A167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2012.01.431.
Full textDamier, Ph, L. Barbin, P. Sauleau, C. Magne, and Y. Pereon. "Existe-t-il des mécanismes de compensation cortico-sous-corticaux au stade précoce de la maladie de Parkinson ?" Revue Neurologique 161, no. 1 (January 2005): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-3787(05)85004-0.
Full textYoung-Bernier, Marielle, Annick N. Tanguay, François Tremblay, and Patrick S. R. Davidson. "Age Differences in Reaction Times and a Neurophysiological Marker of Cholinergic Activity." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 34, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980815000409.
Full textBouhafs, Mounia. "NEUROSCIENCES ET ÉDUCATION: QUELLE PERTINENCE POUR L’UNIVERSITÉ MAROCAINE?" Cortica 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 180–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/cortica.2023.3662.
Full textBrault Foisy, Lorie-Marlène. "Mieux comprendre les mécanismes cérébraux d’apprentissage pour faciliter la mise en application des connaissances issues de la recherche et favoriser la réussite scolaire des élèves." Cortica 1, no. 1 (April 2, 2022): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/cortica.2022.1956.
Full textJaccard Merlin, Odile. "AMÉLIORER LA GESTION COGNITIVE ET ÉMOTIONNELLE D’ENFANTS ET ADOLESCENTS ÂGÉS DE 11 À 14 ANS ATTEINTS DE TROUBLES DU NEURODÉVELOPPEMENT." Cortica 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 215–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/cortica.2023.3802.
Full textPasciuti, Federica. "MIEUX RÉUSSIR À L’ÉCOLE GRÂCE À L’AUTORÉGULATION SOCIO- ÉMOTIONNELLE." Cortica 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/cortica.2023.3799.
Full textJaquier, Joanne, and Jean-Luc Kuenlin. "Biosphères : mesure de résilience à visée d’insertion sociale et professionnelle en nature et sur le marché du travail réel en faveur des jeunes en difficulté." Cortica 1, no. 2 (September 20, 2022): 332–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/cortica.2022.3184.
Full textTendon, Julie. "L’APPORT DES NEUROSCIENCES POUR FAVORISER LES APPRENTISSAGES CHEZ LES 15-20 ANS PRÉSENTANT DES DIFFICULTÉS D’APPRENTISSAGE." Cortica 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/cortica.2023.3798.
Full textDevanne, Hervé. "En pratique, que dois-je savoir sur les mécanismes d’action de la stimulation corticale noninvasive ?" Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 46, no. 2 (April 2016): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2016.05.047.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Mécanismes corticaux"
Gourévitch, Boris. "Etude des mécanismes corticaux auditifs par l'analyse de l'enveloppe temporelle." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S025.
Full textRaux, Mathieu. "Mécanismes corticaux de la compensation de charge inspiratoire chez l'homme éveillé : approche électrophysiologique." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066404.
Full textThis thesis demonstrates that inspiratory resistive breathing facilitates the diaphragm response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (corticospinal pathway) in spite of a decreased automatic drive to breathe (bulbospinal pathway). It also demonstrates , using respiratory premotor potentials identification, that pre motor cortical areas are involved in the compensation of mechanical inspiratory loads. In contrast, stimulating ventilation with carbon dioxide does not give rise to premotor potentials, that also lack during quiet breathing. Thus assessing premotor potentials in patiens placed under mechanical ventilation could provide a useful monitoring tool. In conclusion, we show, seemingly for the first time, that the premotor cerebral cortex participates to the compensation of inspiratory loading. This could have clinical implications in situations that are hallmarked by such a mechanical dysfunction (e. G. Patient-ventilator asynchrony, asthma, etc. )
Lacroix, Alexandre. "Les neurones pyramidaux corticaux dans le couplage neurovasculaire et neurométabolique : mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066200/document.
Full textThe tight coupling between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow, known as neurovascular coupling (NVC), is essential for brain functions. It is also the physiological basis of cerebral imaging, widely used to map neuronal activity in health and disease. Despite this importance, its cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. A better understanding of NVC will not only permit an accurate interpretation of cerebral imaging but also a better diagnosis of neurological diseases. In the cerebral cortex, numerous messengers are involved in NVC. Prostanoids, released during NMDA receptors activation, play a key role in NVC. However, the cellular and molecular origins, as well as the nature and the targets of this lipid messengers remain elusive. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), produced by the rate limiting cyclo-oxygenases 1 or 2 (COX-1 or COX-2) and specific terminal enzymes, are the main cortical vasodilatory prostanoid. This work shows that NMDA-induced vasodilations are COX-2 dependent and require the activation of EP2 and EP4 receptors of PGE2 and IP receptors of PGI2. Furthermore, pyramidal cells are the main cell type equipped for the biosynthesis of PGE2 and PGI2 derived from COX-2 activity. In summary, these observations demonstrate that pyramidal cells play a key role in NVC by releasing PGE2 produced via COX-2 and acting on the vasodilatory EP2 and EP4 receptors
Viou, Lucie. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires de la migration des interneurones corticaux : contribution de la protéine PAK3." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066784.
Full textIt is estimated that 2-3% of the population suffers from mental retardation (MR), i. E. Cognitive defects associated with a functional abnormality of cortical circuits. These deficits may also result from subtle defects in the organization of cortical circuits. During embryonic development, the inhibitory cortical interneurons migrate long distances before positioning in the cortex where they regulate the cortical activity. In humans, mutations in PAK3 corresponding to a loss of function of the protein are associated with MR. Now, PAK3 is a member of the family "p21- Activated Kinase" Group I whose expression is regulated in cortical interneurons as they migrate to the cortex. We therefore analyzed the migratory properties of cortical interneurons in the cortex expressing mutant forms of the protein PAK3. We have shown that mutations in PAK3 alter the morphology and dynamic properties of those neurons in the cortex. Their trajectories in the embryonic cortex are disrupted. MR mutations affect the capability of cortical interneurons to stabilize their migration extension in a particular direction while a constitutively active mutant of PAK3 induces an abnormal stabilization of migratory processes in a radial orientation. In humans, structural and/or functional defects of primary cilia are often associated with MR. Parallel to the PAK3 study, we have looked for the function of primary cilia in cortical interneurons migration, especially in the positioning of these cells in the cortex. We have shown that the primary cilium transmitted signals that promote exit away from tangential migration flows and reorientation towards the cortical plate of migrating cortical interneurons
Masse-Alarie, Hugo. "Neurostimulation périphérique et entraînement moteur en lombalgie chronique : Influence sur les mécanismes corticaux et le contrôle postural." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28665/28665.pdf.
Full textMassé-Alarie, Hugo. "Neurostimulation périphérique et entraînement moteur en lombalgie chronique : influence sur les mécanismes corticaux et le contrôle postural." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23163.
Full textSpieser, Laure. "Ré-agir vite et bien à une perturbation de mouvement : étude des mécanismes corticaux par couplage EEG-TMS chez l'homme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20685/document.
Full textIn everyday life, our actions can be perturbed by rapid variations of environmentalexternal forces. In order to achieve our goals, we have to react “well and fast” to thesemovement perturbations. This reaction implies both cognitive and sensorimotor processes. Wewere interested in the cortical mechanisms (mainly involving the primary motor cortex, M1)underlying the interaction between cognitive and sensorimotor functions that allows theadaptation of the reaction to the perturbation according to the intention. We tried to relate themechanisms implicated during the preparation with those implicated during the realization ofthe reaction. With combined EEG-TMS (with EMG recording), we used a stimulation-recordingapproach, allowing simultaneous observation of cortical and corticospinal mechanisms, bothbefore and after the stimulation. This approach helps to obtain to a better understanding of therelationship between cerebral activity and behavior.In the first experiment, we used a central motor perturbation, i.e. subjects were asked toresist or to assist a movement evoked directly at the cortical level using TMS. We showed thatcognitive processes can directly influence cortical and corticospinal excitability before anyinvolvement of the sensorimotor processes related to the movement execution. When subjectsprepared to resist the TMS-evoked movement, the anticipatory increased activity of theintracortical inhibitory networks of M1 decreased the cortical excitability, leading to adecreased corticospinal excitability and thus to a reduced TMS-evoked movement.In the following experiments (2, 3 and 4), we were interested in cortical andcorticospinal mechanisms engaged during the preparation and the reaction to a peripheralmovement perturbation. We asked subjects either to resist or to not-react (to “let-go”) to apassive wrist extension, and we studied the mechanisms underlying the modulation of the longlatency stretch reflex (LLSR, starting about 50 ms after the perturbation) according to theintention. Concerning the corticospinal excitability, the results showed that, during thepreparation of a reaction to a peripheral perturbation, the anticipatory tuning of thecorticospinal excitability takes into account sensorimotor integrative phenomenons induced bythe afferent input due to the perturbation in such a way that the reaction, triggered by theafferent inputs, is adapted to the subject’s intention (experiment 2). At the cortical level, achange of M1 intracortical network activity (before the perturbation) precedes the modulationof the primary sensorimotor cortex activity that is linked to the LLSR generation (after theperturbation). This strongly suggests that anticipatory processes preset the primarysensorimotor cortex in order to adapt its early response to the perturbation according to thesubject’s intention (experiment 3). Finally, temporary inactivation of SMA proper (induced byTMS) showed that this non-primary motor area is also implicated in the modulation of thestretch reflex according to the intention (experiment 4).In conclusion, when we expect a motor perturbation, intention-specific preparatoryprocesses are engaged in SMA proper and the primary sensorimotor cortex that are differentfrom those involved in the realization of a movement without external force variations. Thesepreparatory processes allow the early motor reaction, generated by the primary sensorimotorcortex (triggered by the afferent input induced by the perturbation) to be adapted to thesubject’s intention
Bou, Sader Nehme Sarah. "Cortical mechanisms of comorbidity between pain sensitization and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a mouse model." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0488.
Full textAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and chronic pain are two complex conditions of multifactorial origins. Clinical and preclinical studies support an association between these two syndromes. However, the mechanisms underlying their comorbidity are not well understood. Previous findings from our team demonstrated a hyperactivity of the neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and a deregulation of the ACC-posterior insula (PI) pathway in ADHD-like conditions. Growing evidence also suggests a role for neuroinflammation in this concomitance. Our hypothesis thus suggests that neuroinflammation triggers an enhanced neuronal activity in the ACC that sensitizes pathways involved in ADHD symptoms and pain perception. Therefore, this Ph.D. work aims to elucidate the inflammatory mechanisms that may underlie ADHD and its associated pain sensitization, with an interest in the role of the purinergic P2X4 receptor.To address this question, we generated an ADHD-like mouse model through the unilateral intracerebroventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) at P5. Two-month-old wild-type male and female mice were sacrificed, their brains were extracted, and their ACC and PI were dissected. Fixed tissues were used to study microglial and astrocytic morphology while fresh tissues were utilized for transcriptomic, proteomic, and phosphoproteomic investigations. Moreover, mice with a total knock-out of the P2X4 receptor were tested for thermal and mechanical pain sensitization, in addition to hyperactivity. Fixed tissues of the ACC were used to study changes in microglial morphology while fresh tissues of the ACC and PI were utilized for transcriptomic analyses.Regarding the identification of inflammatory mechanisms in our ADHD-like mouse model, our results report (i) changes in microglial and astrocytic morphology, associated with cellular reactivity, in the ACC of 6-OHDA mice, (ii) the presence of a pro-inflammatory environment in the ACC and PI of 6-OHDA mice, (iii) modifications in protein expression and kinase (serine-threonine and tyrosine) activity in the ACC and PI of 6-OHDA mice, and correlated with impairments in axon guidance, apoptosis, cytoskeleton dynamics, signaling cascades, neurotrophins, and neurotransmitter systems, and (iv) alterations in protein interactions and, therefore, neuronal-astrocytic communication in the ACC of 6-OHDA mice. Finally, data integration identified four processes impaired in the ACC and PI of 6-OHDA males and females: apoptosis, axon guidance, synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation), and growth of neuronal components. Interestingly, alterations in these processes were not only linked to ADHD and chronic pain conditions but also associated with Eph/ephrin bidirectional signaling cascades. Our findings also indicate a role for the P2X4 receptor in the worsening of ADHD hyperactivity symptom and the induction of morphological changes in microglial cells that correlate with cellular reactivity. However, it exerts a protective effect by limiting the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, possibly from non-microglial cells.In conclusion, our work provides interesting insights into the inflammatory mechanisms that may underpin the comorbidity between ADHD and pain sensitization. A mild and sustained pro-inflammatory environment in the ACC and PI drives changes in synaptic-related (long-term potentiation, axon guidance, outgrowth of neuronal components) and apoptotic processes. These impairments alter cell-cell connectivity and neuronal activity, thus participating in ADHD and chronic pain pathogenesis
Broix, Loïc. "Compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques des malformations du développement cortical associées à des mutations dans les gènes KIF2A et NEDD4L." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB103/document.
Full textMalformations of cortical development (MCD) result from alterations in different stages of corticogenesis such as proliferation, migration and neuronal differentiation, and are generally associated with drug-resistant epilepsy and severe intellectual disabilities. The genetics causes of MCD remain largely unknown, we have thus performed the whole-exome sequencing of many patients with MCD and reported the identification of multiple pathogenic missense mutations in KIF2A and NEDD4L genes. Within the frame of my thesis project, we propose to focus on the cellular and neurodevelopmental consequences resulting from KIF2A and NEDD4L mutations shown to be involved in MCD. KIF2A is a member of the kinesin-13 family, which rather than regulating cargos transport along microtubules (MT), regulates MT dynamics by depolymerizing MTs. The in utero electroporation approach allowed us to highlight the crucial role of KIF2A in the regulation neurogenesis, neuronal migration and the neuronal positioning in the cortex. Particularly, our data show that the expression of the KIF2A mutants involved in MDC lead to an increase in the number of cells in proliferative state which is a consequence of a prolonged time spent in the cell cycle. Our first cellular data and during development show that the expression of pathogenic KIF2A mutations induce alterations in the mitotic spindle integrity, in the mitotic progression and also an abnormal localization of KIF2A in the primary cilium. NEDD4L encodes a member of the NEDD4 family of HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases known to regulate the turnover and function of a number of proteins involved in fundamental cellular pathways and processes. Firstly, cellular and expression data showed sensitivity of MCD-associated mutants to proteasome degradation. Moreover, the in utero electroporation approach showed that PNH-related mutants and excess wild-type NEDD4L affect neurogenesis, neuronal positioning and terminal translocation. Further investigations, including rapamycin-based experiments, found differential deregulation of pathways involved. Excess wild-type NEDD4L leads to disruption of Dab1 and mTORC1 pathways, while MCD-related mutations are associated with deregulation of mTORC1 and AKT activities. Altogether, these results reinforce the importance of MT-related proteins in cortical development describing the crucial role of KIF2A kinesin in mechanisms such as neuronal migration dynamics and neuronal progenitor’s cell cycle regulation. On the other hand, we also provide new data to better understand the critical role of NEDD4L in the regulation of mTOR pathways and their contributions in cortical development
Renouard, Leslie. "Mécanismes responsables de l'activation corticale pendant le sommeil paradoxal." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10278/document.
Full textTo move forward on the PS function, it is necessary to study its impact on the cortical functioning. We so compared the cortical genic expression by using DNA microarrays in three groups of rats with different PS amounts: control, deprived of PS and in PS hypersomnia. 71 and 83 transcripts have an expression level modified by our protocol in the neocortex and the hippocampal formation, respectively. These molecular results were confirmed by quantitative PCR. In the hippocampal formation the genes involved in synaptic plasticity (Fos, Arc, Cox2, Homer1) have an expression level increased after PS hypersomnia. In the contrary, in the neocortex the expression level of these genes increases after PS deprivation. At the systemic level, limbic areas (the dentate gyrus, anterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex and claustrum) contain a number of FOS immunoreactive neurons, an indirect marker of neuronal activation, increased after PS hypersomnia. On the other hand, the number of FOS immunoreactive neurons in the sensory-motor cortices is decreased after PS hypersomnia compare to PS deprivation. The ejection of retrograde tracers in the dentate gyrus, retrosplenial and anterior cingulate cortex in PS hypersomniac rats showed that active neurons project to the supramammillary nucleus and claustrum. We then observed that the number of FOS and ARC immunoreactive neurons in the dentate gyrus, claustrum and limbic structures is strongly decreased during PS hypersomnia in rats bearing a supramammillary nucleus lesion. Furthermore, the supramammillary nucleus lesion leads to a decrease of the theta power recorded by electroencephalogram during PS in hypersomnia. It thus seems that the supramammillary nucleus projections are responsible for the limbic cortical regions activation during PS