Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mécanisme d'endommagement'
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Helbert, Anne-Laure. "Mécanismes d'endommagement et ténacité des alliages de titane biphasés α/β." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1051.
Full textHofmann, Julien. "Caractérisation et modélisation des mécanismes d'endommagement des matériaux par la cavitation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI002.
Full textMartensitic stainless steels X3CrNiMo13-4 and X4CrNiMo16-5-1 are widely used to date in the construction of hydroelectric turbines for their good mechanical resistance and intriguing corrosion resistance. Despite extensive mechanical and microstructural studies on these materials, the connection between these properties and damage mechanisms remains unclear. In certain situations, operators must work under cavitation flow conditions, which can cause turbine damage, resulting in mass loss, noise issues, and reduced efficiency. In such scenarios, turbine engineers need to resort to modeling, and a crucial aspect of the mathematical model is the damage law. The objective of the research presented in this manuscript is precisely to characterize and model the damage mechanisms induced by cavitation.In this work, the materials were exposed to cavitation using two complementary experimental setups, MUCEF and PREVERO, allowing the generation of acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation, respectively. To identify damage mechanisms, temporal monitoring of crack initiation and propagation was conducted on the material's surface through electron microscopy and in the material's volume using X-ray tomography. The observations reveal that crack initiation occurs in the vicinity of non-metallic elements, along persistent slip bands, which are indicative of very low-cycle fatigue loading. Cracks propagate from the surface into the volume and then parallel to the surface, no longer influenced by the presence of intermetallics. We have shown that this damage mechanism is the same for the two selected materials, for two tested microstructural states, and for the two experimental conditions. Ultimately, the size and frequency distributions of pits allow for the proposal of a simple damage model applicable for finite element simulations
Cabrol, Elodie. "Étude et compréhension des mécanismes d'endommagement de surface de matrices de forgeage à chaud rechargées." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0012.
Full textIn the field of hot forging of aeronautical parts, the steel dies are commonly hardfaced, on few millimeters thick, by a cobalt-based alloy (Stellite 21) deposited by arc welding (MIG). As part of this thesis, this "classic" hardfacing is compared to Stellite 21 and Stellite 6 hardfacings deposited by two emerging processes in this area, the PTA and the LASER one. The objective is to assess surface damage mechanisms, especially induced by plastic strain, of these various hardfacings. Tribological tests (laboratory and semi-industrial) were used to create surface damage comparable to those observed in industrial dies. Associated with these tests, multiscale microstructural, structural and mechanical investigations have been performed (tensile, bending, microhardness, OM, SEM, STEM, XRD, EBSD). According to the « material/process » couple, plastic strain mechanisms by perfect dislocation glide and by FCC to HCP phase transformation have been identified. The activation of the latter has been connected to the temperature of the allotropic phase transformation (FCC/HCP) in cobalt. This temperature depends on (i) the alloying elements, varying according to the deposited grade (Cr, C, ...), (ii) the dilution (Fe content evolution) connected to the welding parameters and (iii) the number of deposited layer. Moreover, a significant influence of the phase transformation on the evolution of the friction coefficient has been evidenced. Indeed, if the phase transformation is not observed, the friction coefficient is stable during the test, while a drop of the friction coefficient curve is connected with the FCC to HCP phase transformation. Moreover, the plastic flow of dendrites is observed at the extreme surface, on a few tens of micrometres in thickness, in the direction of sliding. It is associated with a high morphologic and crystallographic texturing of the identified phase (FCC or HCP), with the highest atomic density planes mostly oriented parallel to the sliding surface. The results also show that, under tribological laodings, a significant hardening is observed on the surface (up to 90%) and a correlation has been established between the increase in the microhardness and the plastic deformation ratio
Boyer, Séverine. "Contribution à l'étude du mécanisme d'endommagement de polymères thermoplastiques semi cristallins par décompression explosive de gaz : interactions gaz/ polymères à températures et pressions élevées." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21467.
Full textRousseau, Camille. "Mécanismes d'endommagement en fatigue-corrosion d’un acier à très haute résistance mécanique." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021HESAE049.
Full textTo meet the high mechanical requirements of the low-pressure turbine (LPT) shaft in the LEAP turbofan engines, a very high strength steel has been developed by Safran Aircraft Engines. The structural parts of engines must withstand harsh conditions, including cyclic loading and corrosive environment. This study aims to identify improvement levers with respect to the consideration of corrosion during the LPT shaft design and maintenance, but also to the prevention and protection actions set up to limit its apparition. For this purpose, a microstructural and mechanical characterization of the material, coupled with a study of its sensitivity to corrosion and hydrogen, has first allowed to highlight strong material-environment interactions, likely to promote fatigue crack initiation. Alternated uniaxial fatigue tests (R=0), conducted at different frequencies in a NaCl environment, allowed to quantify the effect of corrosion on the ML340 fatigue resistance, to identify synergistic effects between microstructure, cyclic stresses and deformation, and corrosion, and finally to investigate the possible role of hydrogen produced by cathodic reactions. From these results, the corrosion fatigue damage process was simplified into elementary steps and a predictive analytical model was finally proposed. A reliable estimation of the corrosion fatigue resistance has been obtained, especially regarding the frequency effects observed experimentally.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chastand, Victor. "Etude du comportement mécanique et des mécanismes d'endommagement de pièces métalliques réalisées par fabrication additive." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0012/document.
Full textAdditive manufacturing offers new opportunities for industries to manufacture complex parts with no additional tooling and better optimization of the material used.This thesis is about the analysis of the mechanical properties and the damaging mechanisms of parts produced by additive manufacturing, using mechanical properties of casted and wrought parts as reference. This type of analysis is necessary in order to industrialize the process.The tensile and fatigue properties on Titanium Ti-6Al-4V and Aluminium AlSi7Mg0,6 were measured. The effects of the process, the manufacturing direction, the post-machining and the post-heat treatments were compared. Properties are at least at the level of casting.A correlation of these results with microstructures and fracture surfaces was made in order to extract the damaging mechanisms. A method to measure the criticity of the defects in a part was defined. Some of these hypotheses were verified using microtomographic in situ tensile tests
Lamri, Salim. "Mécanismes d'endommagement des dépôts minces sous impact répété." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607507.
Full textValantin, Chloé. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'endommagement de l'interface textile-caoutchouc." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4027.
Full textStudied belts undergo complex mechanical stress and thermal variations up to 160°C. To enhance their service life, the interfacial properties between the PA 4, 6 cord, coated with RFL, and the EPDM matrix must be improved. In this study, fatigue tests on belts were stopped after various numbers of cycles in order to characterize the interface between cord and rubber. Electron Microscopy revealed three different mechanisms for mechanical damage: Degradation of the inner cord structure Propagation of fibrillar microcracks at the RFL/rubber interface Appearance of RFL/polyamide microfiber debondings This damage was associated with interfacial hardenings (nanoindentation), viscoelastic properties variations of the structure (DMA) and a decrease in adhesive values (peeling or pulling out). Physicochemical analyses, mainly by Tof-SIMS, enabled to determine interfacial composition and to link its evolution with observed mechanical damage
Bernachy-Barbé, Fabien. "Caractérisation des mécanismes d'endommagement et modélisation du comportement mécanique sous chargements multi-axiaux de tubes composites SiC/SiC." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0031/document.
Full textSiC/SiC composites are candidate materials for in-core components of future nuclear reactors. The analysis of these structures using numerical simulations requires material constitutive laws. The present work focuses on understanding the deformation mechanisms of these materials in order to build a constitutive model able to predict their stress-strain response under complex loadings. An extensive characterization of the mechanical behaviour of SiC/SiC multi-layered tubes – similar to fuel cladding concepts - was carried out, using tension-internal pressure, tension-torsion and bending tests, that allowed to build an important experimental basis for the understanding of the mechanisms and the identification of constitutive laws. In-situ and post-failure observations have allowed quantifying the orientation of surface matrix cracks as a function of the loading type. Full-field measurements using Digital Image Correlation at the tow scale brought precise information on the composite surface kinematics, such as the crack opening or the deformation of the matrix fragments. These measurements also evidence the importance of the tow reorientation, that could explain specific features of the macroscopic behaviour because of its coupling with matrix cracking. Finally, these experimental data allowed to build a constitutive model, identified on only four uniaxial tests, able to predict satisfactorily the macroscopic behaviour under several biaxial loadings. The correct prediction of local quantities, such as the characteristics of the matrix cracking in tension, has also been verified
Quarré, De Boiry Aymar. "Mécanismes d'endommagement d'empilements de faible adhésion sous contact glissant." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066185/document.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, the scratch mechanisms during sliding contact on thin layers with low adhesion have been investigated with a ball on plane tribometer that allows in-situ microscopic observations. In this work, experiments were carried out on glass/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si3N4 model stacks and the impact of several parameters was studied: force, size of the ball, thickness of the overcoat, adhesion and friction coefficient.We have shown that the scratch process has three successive phases: initiation, development and steady state. Initiation begins with transverse cracks in the stack followed by delamination due to crack bifurcation at the interface above the silver layer. Only the characteristic size of these phenomena depends on parameters such as the thickness of the layer or its adhesion. After initiation, a phenomenon of pleating occurs even if confined under the contact and leads to the building of a pile of debris at the front of the contact zone by accumulation. Finally, in steady state, the scratch is only driven by the interaction between the pile of debris and the layers. It has been shown that the complexity of this interaction makes quasi-impossible any measure of adhesion based on the post mortem characteristics of the scratch.Finally, it has been shown that it is possible to improve the scratch resistance of a stack by patterning its silver layer at nanoscale. The origin of this improvement derives from an increase of adhesion due to pinning effect which has been demonstrated by using cleavage experiments
Quarré, De Boiry Aymar. "Mécanismes d'endommagement d'empilements de faible adhésion sous contact glissant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066185.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, the scratch mechanisms during sliding contact on thin layers with low adhesion have been investigated with a ball on plane tribometer that allows in-situ microscopic observations. In this work, experiments were carried out on glass/ZnO/Ag/ZnO/Si3N4 model stacks and the impact of several parameters was studied: force, size of the ball, thickness of the overcoat, adhesion and friction coefficient.We have shown that the scratch process has three successive phases: initiation, development and steady state. Initiation begins with transverse cracks in the stack followed by delamination due to crack bifurcation at the interface above the silver layer. Only the characteristic size of these phenomena depends on parameters such as the thickness of the layer or its adhesion. After initiation, a phenomenon of pleating occurs even if confined under the contact and leads to the building of a pile of debris at the front of the contact zone by accumulation. Finally, in steady state, the scratch is only driven by the interaction between the pile of debris and the layers. It has been shown that the complexity of this interaction makes quasi-impossible any measure of adhesion based on the post mortem characteristics of the scratch.Finally, it has been shown that it is possible to improve the scratch resistance of a stack by patterning its silver layer at nanoscale. The origin of this improvement derives from an increase of adhesion due to pinning effect which has been demonstrated by using cleavage experiments
Duhart, Jérémy. "Etude et modélisation des mécanismes d'endommagement sous sollicitations de fretting de composites à matrice titane." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDL0018.
Full textSun, Yufeng. "Time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of callovo-oxfordian claystone by anatytical and multiscale numerical methods." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTP0009.
Full textIn the context of radioactive waste repository, the time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone is investigated to ensure the safety conditions required for long-term repository of radioactive wastes.The first two parts of the study are based on the phenomenological approach carried out directly at the macroscale. Firstly, a quasi-analytical model for the hydromechanical behaviour of a deep spherical cavity excavated in a dilatant poro-viscoplastic rock mass is presented, considering three stages of a simplified life cycle: excavation, free convergence and post-closure. Subsequently, the sensitive and probability analyses are carried out using the finite element code Cast3M toinvestigate the time-dependent extent of the Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) which refers to a region characterized by significant and mainly irreversible changes in geochemical and hydromechanical properties. In the following, a multiscale numerical approach is employed to investigate its creep and damage behaviour under mechanical condition. Firstly, a micromechanics-based model within the finite element square (FE2) framework is developed to model the short-term and long-term behaviours of saturated COx claystone. For the viscous behaviour, two microscale mechanisms have been introduced: the viscoplasticity of the clay aggregates and the viscoelasticity of their contacts. Then, the creep model of COx claystones developed at small scale is applied to model the large-scale creep behaviour at laboratory and gallery scales. From simulation results of laboratory scale, a clear three-stage creep process is reproduced, including the primary creep stage, second creep stage and tertiary creep stage. At the gallery scale, the long-term effect of viscosity on the gallery convergences, the evolution of EDZ, and the long-term drainage and pore pressure around a gallery are investigated. Finally, the above developed double-scale creep model used to simulate saturated cracked medium is extend to partial saturated case to study the interaction between rock and the atmosphere occurs through air circulation within underground galleries. The emphasis is to study the effect of the gallery air ventilation on hydromechanical behaviour of host rock. The model predictions reproduce the drainage and desaturation kinetics of undisturbed and damaged rock
Dutel, Guy Daniel. "Comportement mécanique et mécanismes de déformation et d'endommagement de polycristaux de nickel mono- et bi-modaux élaborés par SPS." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA132027.
Full textUltra-fine grained materials present a high mechanical resistance, but a very weak ductility. The Powder Metallurgy is then used to conceive innovative microstructures and optimize their properties. In this work, nickel samples were developed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and/or by Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) from blends of nano- and micrometer-sized powders. The obtained microstructures are dense and mono- or bi-modal. The volume fractions of ultrafine grains (UFG<1μm) and micrometric grains (MC>1μm) were controlled. Having stabilized the average sizes of UFG grains and MC grains, it was shown that the mechanical properties in compression and in-situ tensile tests (synchrotron) depend essentially on the UFG/MC fraction. So, the elastic limit grows with the UFG fraction. On the contrary, the ductility increases with the MC fraction. The mechanical properties were improved by varying the UFG/MC fraction. The synchrotron analyses revealed a late élasto-plastic transition for bimodal samples. It was shown in agreement with the literature, that the deformation and damage mechanisms were generally: decrease of the density of twins and Σ3 boundaries (interaction with the partial dislocations), cracking in the UFG matrix (stopped by the MC grains), interfacial decohesion which we attributed to the deformation incompatibilities between UFG matrix UFG and MC grains. Besides, the high stresses at the head of the cracks were at the origin of the mechanical twining in some UFG grains
Bourgeon, Ludovic. "Etude et modélisation des mécanismes d'endommagement en forge à froid." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451888.
Full textLi, Sabine. "Mécanismes d'endommagements des matériaux abradables pour turbines : expertises, simulations." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECDL0041.
Full textBerthelot, Hélène. "Comportement sous sollicitations dynamiques de composites à âme mousse : Mécanismes d'endommagement." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECDL0002.
Full textFernandez, Manon. "Mécanismes d'endommagement pilotant la durée de vie d'une barrière environnementale (EBC)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0270.
Full textIn order to increase SiC/SiC composites lifetime, protective coatings (EBC for environmental barrier coatingd), are used. They are intended to limit the degradation by oxidation/corrosion of composites surface. In use, the composite and its coating are subjected to severe thermomechanical and physico-chemical conditions that can lead to their degradation. The purpose of this work is to classify, understand and predict the predominant damage mechanisms of EBC systems. To adress this problem, EBC systems have been subjected to conditions close to those encountered in aircraft engines (high temperatures, water pressure and gas velocities). The main damages are located on the surface of the EBC, with the recession of the latter but also at the CMC/EBC interface. This last zone proves to be the most damaged with the development of a cracked and rough silica layer (TGO - thermally grown oxide). An adhesion test, the notched 4-point flexural test, was developed and applied on aged samples in order to determine a possible degradation of adhesion with the development of the TGO. In order to better understand the role of each parameter in the degradation of the adhesion, a modeling of the thermomechanical stresses developed in the system has been developed
Vu, Quoc Huy. "Fatigue polycyclique multiaxiale de l'acier C35 : caractérisation et modélisation des mécanismes d'endommagement." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445429.
Full textGuedes, Sales Daniella. "Etude des mécanismes d'endommagement d'aciers martensitiques associés au SSC (Sulphide Stress Cracking)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS041.
Full textThe findings of this work established that the diffusible and trapped hydrogen could have a strong influence on the mechanical properties of materials. However, this effect varies significantly with the materials’ microstructure, chemical composition, and heat treatment. Due to their structure, quenched and tempered martensitic steels (developed for tubes suitable for sour service environments) have different types of traps such as dislocations, grain boundaries, precipitates, inclusions, vacancies and other interfaces that play an important role in the damage mechanisms. These high strength steels may break due to Sulphide Stress Cracking (SSC) if subjected to mechanical stress and an aggressive environment (which depends on the H2S partial pressure and pH solution). This phenomenon is a form of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) that includes a crack initiation followed by a propagation step leading to failure. However the hydrogen contribution is still insufficiently understood. In addition to the impact of the microstructure on the steel, the stress and the deformation fields in the material also modify the effects induced by hydrogen. To investigate this event, electrochemical permeation tests under stress were used to perform mechanical tests under hydrogen flux until failure is reached. The results were compared to those mechanically loaded in air or in a H2S environment. This enabled the examination of the impact of the hydrogen flux and trapping on the mechanical behavior of martensitic steel. In this framework, flat and axisymmetric, smooth and notched specimens were employed. Experimental data obtained in this work were used to provide a numerical model that enables the locally characterization of the mechanical condition and the concentrations of trapped and diffusible hydrogen in the material. These outcomes enabled us to determine a local failure criterion
Bodin, Didier. "Modèle d'endommagement par fatigue : application aux enrobés bitumineux." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2094.
Full textSornin, Denis. "Sur les formulations élastoplastiques non locales en gradient d'endommagement." Troyes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TROY0011.
Full textFEM results of softening materials are well known to show pathological mesh dependency. The main goal of the present work, studying different types of formulation, is to give some elements to choose the better models able to avoid mesh sensitivity. A general study of the different sources of mesh and time dependency is carried out, and some existing solutions are presented. The case of elastoplastic damaging models with destination to industrial applications is specifically studied in the rest of the thesis. Formulations are presented and studied for a simple tension test, with various spatial discretisation. Numerical aspects and implementation in ABAQUS-standard environment is discussed. A new non local element is used for some of the formulations. The structure and details of this element are presented. For a given set of meshes, the ability of each formulation presented to control the size of the necking zone is studied. In the same time the independence of the global dissipation to the mesh size is checked. Practical and theoretical limits are highlighted. This study, gives some scientific and practical elements for the choice of a non local elastoplastic damaging model able to avoid discretisation sensitivity. For the end, the principal conclusions and the better developments in prospect are given
Rezakhanlou, Rouzbeh. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes d'endommagement des matériaux revêtus en sollicitation de contact." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL021N.
Full textBonnafous, Claire. "Analyse multi échelle des mécanismes d'endommagement de composites chanvre/époxy à renforts tissés." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESMA0015.
Full textThe mechanical behavior of hemp woven fabric/epoxy composites has been studied through tensile tests at the composite constituent scales. The variability of natural fibers has been considered thanks to statistical analyses. It has been integrated in an analytical modeling which has allowed to determine the mechanical properties of composites from elementary components ones. Damage mechanisms have been tracked with microscopic observations coupled with acoustic emission and stiffness loss measurements. Results have shown that the growth of damage is faster in [-45/+45]7 and [0/90]7 hemp/epoxy composites than in glass/epoxy ones, for the same fiber volume fraction. Moreover, fiber/matrix interface damage are the earliest and the most numerous damage in hemp/epoxy composites. The interfacial properties and the stress transfer at fiber/matrix interface in hemp/epoxy composites have been studied thanks to specific tests using photoelasticity and digital image correlation methods. Results have shown that the critical interfacial shear strength is lower for hemp/epoxy composites than for glass/epoxy ones. Numerical simulation of the fragmentation tests provides a correct estimation of this data for single hemp yarn specimen. Optimization tests have also been realized applying thermal and chemical treatments of reinforcement
Carabajar, Sarah. "Etude des mécanismes microscopiques d'endommagement d'un acier fritte sous sollicitations monotone et cyclique." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0017.
Full textThis work investigates the relationships between the microstructure and the microscopic damage mechanisms of sintered steel submitted to monotonic and cyclic stresses. The initial microstructure was characterized bath from phases and porosity point of views. The mechanical properties were determined. Then the chronology of the damage mechanisms under monotonic stresses was identified by in situ tensile tests in a scanning electron microscope. The pores act as crack initiation sites. Nevertheless, their noxiousness is influenced by their micro structural environment. The interfaces appear to be critical parameters because they present coarse particles of cementide. The austenitic phase seems to be interesting for the material strength. During the fatigue tests, the details of crack initiation and crack propagation were surveyed by light and scanning electron microscopy followed by fractographic analysis. The initiation occurs on non metallic inclusions near the sample surface. Then, two slow crack propagation modes were identified and their crack growth rate determined. First, the crack propagates in the I mode. Then, it forks off to follow the sintered bridges preferentially. The change of the crack propagation path was linked to the formation of secondary microcracks in the sintered bridges in front of the main crack during cycling. The interest of the austenitic nature of the sintered necks for the material life was shown. Finally, the slow propagation stage was described by a simple model based on the linear fracture mechanic taking into account the microstructural features. The differences between the monotonic and the cyclic mechanical behavior of the material were analyzed
Moncel, Laurence. "Etude des mécanismes d'endommagement d'un assemblage cuivre/composite carbone-carbone sous chargement thermomécanique." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10558.
Full textBussière, Benoît. "Etude des mécanismes d'endommagement par laser impulsionnel des cristaux de saphir dopé titane." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22070/document.
Full textThe use of large Ti:Sapphire crystals in ultra fast high peak power laser amplifiers makes crucial the problem of crystal laser induced damage. These works aim to qualify the laser induced damage threshold of Ti:Sapphire crystals under femtosecond, picosecond and nanosecond laser pulse irradiations, which are typically encountered in such laser chains and representative of laser matter interaction regimes. Furthermore, the influence of parameters peculiar to Ti:Sapphire crystals use in laser systems, such a cryogenic conditions, anti-relection coatings, or optical pumping kind (temporally monomode or multimode pulses), has been performed. The results are important to understand the mechanisms leading to the damage, and to reveal the key parameters which will have to be optimized in future high peak power laser chains
Ngargueudedjim, Kimtangar. "Contribution à l'étude des lois d'endommagement en fatigue." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0025/these.pdf.
Full textThe topics of the work presented in this thesis deal with the fatigue damage of materials. It concerns the fatigue damage cumulating rules. These are issued from the relevant literature and are classified according to their physical basis. Hypotheses and applicability of all the damage rules are studied relatively to the fatigue loading. The peculiarity and the validation of damage rules are investigated by the use of the comparison between predicated fatigue lives and experimental ones. The sensitivity of the fatigue life predictions to material parameters is also assessed. Some modifications of the Lemaitre and chaboche damage rule are proposed. It states the material fatigue limit as one function of the cumulated damage amount. Predicted fatigue lives obtained with this proposition are closer to the experimental lives. Considering the effect of the actual damage amount upon the material fatigue properties leads in fact to more accurate assessment of the material fatigue behaviour
Yang, Jinwen. "Hydromechanical behavior of pellets/bentonite powder mixture." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2023/TH2023ENPC0023.pdf.
Full textIn the geological disposal of high-level and intermediate-level radioactive wastes, bentonite pellet/powder mixture has been proposed as an optional sealing/backfilling material. To ensure the long-term safety of repository, it is essential to well understand the hydro-mechanical behaviour of bentonite pellet/powder mixture. The mixture samples may be damaged with cracking, compromising the long-term performance of the geological disposal facilities. The damage behaviour of bentonite pellet/powder mixture is thus necessary to be clarified. Suction-controlled oedometer compression test, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) and Micro-Computed Tomography (μCT) were conducted on bentonite pellet/powder mixtures. As bentonite pellet played an indispensable role in the behaviour of bentonite mixture, uniaxial compression tests, MIP and μCT were carried out on single cylindrical shape bentonite 32-mm pellet. A combined method of MIP /μCT was proposed for determining the enlarged pore size distribution of pellet with large cracks.During instantaneous unloading from oedometer tests, a suction increase was identified due to the stress release. The suction increase depended on both the effects of suction and stress. The observed variation of suction increase due to the suction effect was explained by the changes of the slopes of SWRCs, while that due to the stress effect resulted from the decrease of large pores.The results from the uniaxial compression test on single pellets showed that the uniaxial shear strength, the crack closure (CC) stress, the crack initiation (CI) stress, the crack damage (CD) stress and the Young’s modulus decrease with suction decreasing, evidencing the suction effect through softening and cracking. The wetting-induced horizontal cracks were closed by loading at suctions ≤ 9 MPa during the crack closure stage. Results from the oedometer compression tests on bentonite mixtures showed that the combined effect of suction and stress on the global compression behaviour of bentonite mixture were insignificant in the pseudo-elastic stage, but significant during the plastic stage - a larger compression index C_c^* was observed under a lower suction and a higher stress.Regarding the damage behaviour, wetting preferentially generated cracks in the marginal area of pellets, due to the easier water vapour transfer through the marginal fabrication-produced cracks. This phenomenon was observed from single pellet wetted under free swelling condition and from pellets of bentonite mixture wetted in the oedometer test. On the contrary, loading was apt to generate extended cracks propagating from the pellet centre to the border due to some localised high stress concentration for s ≥ 25 MPa. Then, a damage coefficient D was defined as the the ratio of the pellet cracking volume (i.e., the volume of macro-pores inside pellet) to the total pellet volume. A damage model was developed and fitted to the experimental results, allowing the quantitative description of wetting and loading-induced damage.A triple-structure hydro-mechanical constitutive damage model was proposed to characterize the hydro-mechanical behaviour of MX80 bentonite pellet/powder mixture. The model parameters were determined essentially based on the back-analysis of the experimental results of this study. Then, the results of Molinero-Guerra et al. (2019) and Darde (2020) were exploited for the validation of the proposed model
Molines, Estelle. "Modèles d'endommagement à convexe fixe : application au flambage." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2343.
Full textSome results of elastic-plastic buckling are extended to the field of damaged structures. Nguyen introduced a criterion of uniqueness of rate response. The use of this criterion is complicated in the case of damage because the reversibility domain usually depends on internal variables. A class of damage models is introduced by adding " complementary " internal variables that lead to obtain a fixed convex domain. A simple variant version and an equivalent formulation of Marigo's model are presented in this context. Two classical buckling problems are reinterpreted. The advantages of a fixed convex domain are brought out by studying the buckling of shanley's beam. The Hutchinson's beam, in its damage version, exhibits an unloading zone. Unlike the plastic case, the unloading modulus depends on the strain history, which is a major difficulty. The existence of a continuum of critical buckling loads has been proved and the bifurcated branches are obtained by solving a Cauchy's equation
Mattei, Laurent. "Pliabilité des tôles en alliages d'aluminium pour la carrosserie automobile analyse des mécanismes d'endommagement." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665574.
Full textGuerre, Catherine. "Etude des mécanismes d'endommagement d'un système barrière thermique déposé sur un superalliage base nickel." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00936161.
Full textGuindon, Marie-Andrée. "Étude du comportement des resurfaçages adhérents mécanismes d'endommagement et influence des paramètres de conception." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1228.
Full textLe, Gall Thomas. "Simulation de l'émission acoustique : Aide à l'identification de la signature acoustique des mécanismes d'endommagement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI005/document.
Full textAcoustic emission (AE) is a non-destructive testing technique consisting in measuring and interpreting the acoustic signature of damage mechanisms. In a conventional treatment approach (phenomenological approach), the interpretation of data measured by AE is based on empirical correlations between the source (the damage mechanism) parameters and the measured signal. Therefore, the modifications due to the acquisition chain of acoustic emission are ignored. Yet, propagation of the waves in the material, measures made by the sensor and signal treatments made by the acquisition system modify the signal and the information it carries. As a consequence, identification of the source and comparison with results from other tests made in different conditions are difficult. To find a solution to these problems, one can take into account the different steps of the acquisition chain. This is the goal of Quantitative Acoustic Emission (QAE). This approach is based on modelling techniques to evaluate the impact of each step of the acquisition chain on the AE signal. The first part of this study concerns the experimental validation of the modelling techniques that were used in simulating the steps of the acquisition chain. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used in simulating the signal propagation inside the material. The sensor effect on the signal is simulated by its sensitivity function, measured by the reciprocity method and used as a transfer function. The second part deals with using these techniques to evaluate the impact of simple AE sources on the AE signal. These simple sources are considered as a point source and modelled by dipole forces. Three tensile specimen geometries are studied: a first specimen that can be compared to a plate, a second specimen that can be compared to a beam and a third specimen of intermediate dimensions. The obtained results show the mechanical waves propagate inside the specimens as modes. These modes depend on the specimen geometry. Each source excites the wave propagation modes in a different manner. Consequently, studying the excited modes, one can gather useful information on the AE source to identify it. In addition, this study highlighted relevant signal parameters to identify AE sources. The correlation of these parameters allows segregating the signals as a function of the source. These results obtained at the material surface don’t take into account the sensor modifications on the signal. The sensor modifies the modal signature of the sources as well as the value of the calculated parameters. This leads to more difficulties in identifying the AE sources
Hamadouche, Ines. "Mécanismes d'endommagement d'un composite à matrice céramique revêtu d'une barrière environnementale sous sollicitations multiphysiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST020.
Full textThis study is part of the development of the next generation of aircraft engines. Ceramic matrix composites (CMC) made from SiC/SiC are today promising materials for use in aircraft engines hot areas. However, the engine extreme environment requires the CMC to be protected by an environmental barrier coating (EBC) against oxidizing species. In this context, this study consisted in characterizing, modeling and understanding the damage mechanisms of the CMC/EBC system under coupled multiphysical loadings (thermal/mechanical and thermal/oxidation) representative of engine conditions. To address this issue, several test configurations were set up at high temperature (>1200°C) under thermal gradients (laser heating) coupled with mechanical loading (4-point bend test) or an oxidizing environment (steam). Thanks to the instrumentation used (damage detection by acoustic emission, measurement of thermal and kinematic fields), post-mortem SEM analysis and finite element simulations, the impact of loading and stress conditions on the coating cracking were studied. The coupling between coating cracking and system oxidation was also investigated
Daguerre, Jean-Pierre. "Conséquences d'un critère de stabilité pour quelques problèmes d'endommagement de structures." Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA132025.
Full textLe, Druillennec Marie. "Etude des mécanismes d'endommagement de films minces métalliques déposés sur substrats souples pour l'électronique flexible." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI108/document.
Full textOver the past 20 years, new improvements in materials and processes led to the development of printed flexible electronics. Flexible electronics devices subjected to bending, twisting, or stretching during their lifetime, the development of device with high reliability is therefore of great importance for the efficiency of electrical connection. This work investigates the mechanical reliability of inkjet or screen-printed Ag thin films on polyimide substrates dedicated to the electrical interconnection of active components. Expected mechanical failure modes are film cracking and buckling delamination.First of all, in order to characterized the two mechanisms, tensile tests are performed under an optical microscope to follow cracks and under an optical interferometer to follow buckles. In order to obtain crack spacing evolution during deformation, an image processing is realized. Two types of cracks are observed: long and straight cracking for thick films and small and zigzag shape cracking for thin films. The evolution of buckles shape with imposed tensile deformation is characterized.In a second time, in order to understand experimental observations, mechanical failure modes are analysed with finite elements models. The origin of the two types of cracking are explained by a geometrical effect of film thickness. A elastoplastic shear lag bidimensional model gives upper and lower bonds of crack spacing during deformation. A three-dimensional model allows identification of cohesive zone model parameters at film/substrate interface, from experimental buckle shape. An adhesion energy of 2 J.m-2 , a critical strength of 20 MPa and a mode mixity parameter of 0.4 are determined. These values are in good agreement with literature
Jeannetaud, Pascal. "Étude paramétrique du comportement de coudes en composite sous pression interne : prévision et mécanismes d'endommagement." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10028.
Full textBerteaux, Olivier. "Etude des mécanismes d'écrouissage et d'endommagement cycliques des alliages TiAl élaborés par métallurgie des poudres." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2310.
Full textThis investigation deals with the deformation mechanisms of low cycle fatigue of powder metallurgy TiAl alloys as a function of microstructure. A preliminary study reveals that turning followed by mechanical polishing is the most adequate machining procedure for test specimens. The microstructures tailored through a number of post – HIP heat treatments, have been characterised by quantitative analysis. The ones to be tested in fatigue at 20 and 500°C, have been selected according to their tensile behaviour. A greater amount of lamellar grains tends to reduce the mean free path for dislocations and to reinforce the static work hardening. This microstructural parameter also affects the cyclic hardening, but in an opposite manner : the strain hardening rate is governed by the formation of vein-like structure which requires less plastic deformation as the mean spacing between obstacles for the onset of dislocation tangles is large. A fully lamellar microstructure having a large grain size, a fine lamellar spacing and serrated grain boundaries appears to offer the best compromise between strain hardening, stress level and fatigue life
Daouben, Estelle. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'endommagement en surface des outils de forge à chaud : effets des lubrifiants." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/098afdfd-84bc-42ce-801d-630af646d436.
Full textThe conditions of contact and friction encountered in hot forging generate important thermo mechanical stresses which induce various damaging modes on the tools. The principal objective of the thesis aims at quantifying the capacity of the lubricants to reduce or delay these damages. First, the choice of a laboratory friction test allowing the tribological characterization applied to hot steel working is presented and justified. The methodology of use of the test bench is detailed. Results provided by the friction test are presented as performance pointers, allowing quantifying the capacities of the lubricant to reduce friction or to protect work piece and tool surfaces. Second, a first series of tests is run. Results show the reliability and the robustness of the test bench, in particular in terms of sensitivity and repeatability. Finally, a second series of tests is performed. It leads to the qualification of the graphite aqueous solutions, used as lubricant in hot forging of steels. The results present the performances of the graphite lubricants according to their composition (grain size distribution, binder), their spraying technique, and the mechanical loadings they undergo
Baffie, Natacha. "Influence de la microstructure de différents aciers inoxydables sur leurs mécanismes d'endommagement en fatigue oligocyclique." Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG4211.
Full textLaribou, Hicham. "Mécanismes d'endommagement et de traitement des surfaces métalliques par un jet d'azote à basse température." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ041S/document.
Full textNitrogen jets have been used recently for matter removal as well as surface treatment. The process consists in projecting onto a surface a low temperature jet obtained from releasing the liquid nitrogen stored in a high pressure tank through a nozzle. This work is aimed at understanding the highly complex jet/material surface interaction mechanisms. Depending on the impacted material, the thermo-mechanical shock and blast effect induced by the jet can activate a wide range of damage mechanisms, including cleavage, crack nucleation and spalling, as well as plastic deformation, void expansion and localized ductile failure. The test parameters (standoff distance, dwell time, operating pressure) play a role in selecting the dominant damage mechanism, but combinations of these various modes are usually present. The main damage mechanism is the decohesion of the material due to thermo-elastic stress generated by the thermal shock. The fragmentation of grains and high-speed transport of nitrogen in a deep layer below the impacted surface and their relationship with the hardening of a surface layer are explored in the case of the steel E24. The results suggest that such surface treatment may be effective for the hardening of the material surface
Nziakou, Yannick. "Analyse multi-échelle des mécanismes d'endommagement des matériaux composites à morphologie complexe destinés à l'aéronautique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066553/document.
Full textThis work deals with the slow crack growth in glass polymer materials at room temperature, namely PMMA and stoechiometric epoxy-amine DGEBA-IPD resin as archetypes of thermoplastic (TP) and thermoset (TS) respectively. TS/TP blends developing phases separation in nano-domains of thermoplastic during the cure process have also been studied since they are used as matrix with a complex morphology in carbon fibers reinforced composites materials for aircrafts. An innovative experimental setup has been developed for in situ investigation of slow crack growth by combining optical measurements, in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a Double Cleavage Drilled Compression (DCDC) sample. By this way, a steady state crack propagation regime has been highlighted for a first time in thermosets (pure and TS/TP blends) with crack speed ranging from pm/s to nm/s. Thus crack speed and stress intensity factor (SIF) diagrams were established for each material. Furthermore, in situ AFM images allowed characterizing deformations at the process zone scale by combining topographic imaging with Digital Images Correlation (DIC) technique. Finally, we developed a model for predicting fracture energy for steady state propagation and stick-slip regime, based on the visco-plastic strain fields measured round the process zone, the local strain rate, and the constitutive laws of materials measured at the macroscopic scale
Nziakou, Yannick. "Analyse multi-échelle des mécanismes d'endommagement des matériaux composites à morphologie complexe destinés à l'aéronautique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066553.
Full textThis work deals with the slow crack growth in glass polymer materials at room temperature, namely PMMA and stoechiometric epoxy-amine DGEBA-IPD resin as archetypes of thermoplastic (TP) and thermoset (TS) respectively. TS/TP blends developing phases separation in nano-domains of thermoplastic during the cure process have also been studied since they are used as matrix with a complex morphology in carbon fibers reinforced composites materials for aircrafts. An innovative experimental setup has been developed for in situ investigation of slow crack growth by combining optical measurements, in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a Double Cleavage Drilled Compression (DCDC) sample. By this way, a steady state crack propagation regime has been highlighted for a first time in thermosets (pure and TS/TP blends) with crack speed ranging from pm/s to nm/s. Thus crack speed and stress intensity factor (SIF) diagrams were established for each material. Furthermore, in situ AFM images allowed characterizing deformations at the process zone scale by combining topographic imaging with Digital Images Correlation (DIC) technique. Finally, we developed a model for predicting fracture energy for steady state propagation and stick-slip regime, based on the visco-plastic strain fields measured round the process zone, the local strain rate, and the constitutive laws of materials measured at the macroscopic scale
Aymard-Vinet, Corinne. "Modèles tridimensionnels d'endommagement de matériaux composites à matrice céramique en dynamique rapide." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10561.
Full textPham, Thi Thanh Thao. "Un modèle d'endommagement à gradient de déformation à partir de la méthode d'homogénéisation pour les matériaux fragiles." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132034.
Full textA damage model in strain gradient from the homogenization method for brittle materials In this thesis, we have built a damage model to predict the fracture in brittle materials containing a source of stress concentration. We first developed a. Method of homogenization to establish the constitutive relations including the strain gradient for a heterogeneous material. When the strain gradient is riot negligible, the procedure of homogenization accounts for the strain gradient. In the constitutive law in a natural way. Then, as an application of this method. We constructed the constitutive relations in 2D for a linear elastic material with microcracks by adapting the self-consistent scheme. The obtained equations show that the behavior of the material depends not only on the density, but also on the average size of the mierocracks. This constitutive law has been extended to a damage model by adopting the concept proposed by Griffith. We implemented this strain gradient damage model into a finite element code. The numerical results were compared with the experimental data. It has been shown that the size effect observed in experimental studies was correctly reproduced by the proposed model. Moreover, the model is also well regularizated by the presence of strain gradient
Pham, Kim. "Construction et analyse de modèles d'endommagement à gradient." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559405.
Full textGrange, Marjolaine. "Fragilisation du Zircaloy-4 par l'hydrogène : comportement, mécanismes d'endommagement, interaction avec la couche d'oxyde, simulation numérique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005648.
Full textLarignon, Céline. "Mécanismes d'endommagement par corrosion et vieillissement microstructural d'éléments de structure d'aéronef en alliage d'aluminium 2024-T351." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/6994/1/larignon_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Full textAl, Karaishi Mohammed. "Étude des mécanismes d'endommagement par frottement sec : cas de l'acier Hadfield et de l'acier 20NCD2 cémenté." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10055.
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