Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mécaniques de fluides'
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Benmbarek, Mustapha. "Écoulement laminaire permanent dans un modèle de veine." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120049.
Full textLe, gal Marine. "Étude théorique et numérique de la dynamique des tsunamis sismiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1008/document.
Full textThe impact of tsunamis on mankind is well known. During recent years, several events showed us the disasters they can trigger which reiterate the importance of understanding their dynamics. Due to the lack of in-situ data, the generation is the least known aspect of tsunamis. As a result, simplified models of the source are used for numerical tsunami modeling, as for seismic generation for which the traditional approach neglects several phenomena, among which is the kinematic deformation of the sea floor. This motion canbe characterized by two temporal parameters: the rupture velocity vp and a hydraulic rise time tr. The novelty here, is to investigate both parameters simultaneously and to extend the linear theoretical development to a non-linear numerical study. From these works, a resonance zone is identified for small tr and vp close to the long wave celerity. For these particular values, the waves are amplified beside the sea floor deformation and dispersive effects develop. To illustrate this theory, the 1947 New Zealand tsunami is simulatedwith the Non-Linear Shallow Water and Boussinesq models of Telemac2D. This seismic event corresponds to a tsunami earthquake with slow kinematics of deformation. Four generation models, with different values of vp and tr are compared. The impact of vp on the generated wave amplitudes is strong whereas the influence due to tr is significantly smaller. Additionally, it was found that the expected dispersive effects did not develop during the numerical modeling. Meanwhile, in the scope of the TANDEM project, the validation of the Telemac system is performed through test cases, covering: generation, propagation and run-up of tsunamis. Globally, the models from the Telemac system match the validation data, however we note a reliance on numerical parameters for sensitive cases as the propagation of a solitary wave. Finally, the Non-Linear Shallow Water model of Telemac2D is used to simulate the Tohoku-Oki tsunami that hit Japan in 2011. Thenumerical model succeeds in representing this real event incorporating all the stages of tsunami life, from generation to flooded areas. Some limitations in using the method were found, which one discussed in detail within the present manuscript
Boussaa, Redouane. "Étude de l’influence de la convection naturelle lors de la solidification de métaux purs et d’alliages métalliques binaires : expériences et simulations." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10077.
Full textPavanello, Renato. "Contribution à l’étude hydroelastique des structures a symétrie cyclique." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0047.
Full textThe large number of possible vibration and noise sources from mechanical or hydraulic origin requires to take into account the whole system in which the hydraulic component is included. In this work a numerical method for modal analysis of rotationally periodic structures (e. G. Hydraulic pump and turbine disks) is presented. Linear vibrations are studied in the low frequency domain, with special attention to added mass effects. A Lagrangian formulation for the structure and an Eulerian formulation for the fluid are chosen. The finite element formulation in terms of fluid pressure and structural displacement results in a large system of equations , which must be efficiently reduced. Three fluid-structure modal reduction methods are checked. To solve rotationally periodic fluid-structure problems, a modal synthesis approach with fixed boundaries in connection with the wave propagation theory is proposed. The computational costs are much lower without loss of accuracy. The method is applied to typical immersed structures and the agreement between theoretical and experimental results is quite satisfactory
Sausse, Judith. "Caractérisation et modélisation des écoulements fluides en milieu fissuré : relation avec les altérations hydrothermales et quantification des paléocontraintes." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10306.
Full textCharles, Sylvain. "Mise en place d’un dispositif expérimental de caractérisation du comportement des lames fluides, identification des coefficients dynamiques." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2342.
Full textIn many industrials applications, mechanisms such as turbines or pumps function under sever operating conditions: high speed of rotation, high pressures and high Reynolds number. The dynamic behavior of the shaft strongly depends on shaft surroundings elements like journal bearing or annular seals. Many studies use numerical simulations to recreate real operating conditions, but it is necessary to compare theses results with those coming from an experimental test facility. That is why the LMS and its industrial partnerrs (ALSTOM, EDF, CNES, SNECMA) decided ten years ago to design a specific test apparatus for studying annular seals. The functioning of the machine is completely described in this document. In parallel with the project, the behavior law of a thin-walled orifice is studied; the both numerical and numerical studies give the same result for the discharge coefficient. It does not, in this case, correspond to the value from literature. Finally, the last part of the research deals with the development of a specific method to identify the dynamic force coefficients characterizing the behavior of a seal. Many methods use Fourier transformations to work in frequency domain, whereas this methods stay in time domain. Numerical simulations were carried out, but even if the noise is high, results are good. The algorithm is robust, and the main parameters are identified
Yammine, Joumana. "Rhéologie des bétons fluides à hautes performances : relations entre formulations, propriétés rhéologiques, physico-chimie et propriétés mécaniques." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482782.
Full textKornelik, Serguei Eugenievitch. "Analyse paramétrique de modèles mécaniques de composants du système cardiovasculaire : ventricule gauche, anévrisme vasculaire et dynamique d'un globule soumis à champ magnétique." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA120058.
Full textWe proceed to the modeling and the analysis of fluid-wall interactions phenomena in deformable cavities and tubes. The model is used to study the dynamical behaviour of non linear oscillatory coupled systems such as those encountered in the cardiovascular physiology. Our analysis describes the behaviour of the system according to its characteristic parameters. A dimensional analysis involving the set of coupled equations describing the dynamics of both the incompressible fluid and the wall material is performed. We show that such a behaviour can be characterjzed by a set of dirnensionless dynamical and geornetrical parameters. The equations are then solved by using a time-staggered scheme which aliows to separately integrate the equations describing the structure mechanics and the fluid dynan1ics during each time step. . The fluid part is discretized by a finite difference method with an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation whereas the structure part including motion of the envelope by a Runge-Kutta method. For an harmonic excitation in pressure, it is shown that after a transient period oftime, the response n flow rate of the system is both anharmonic and periodic, with a fundamental frequency equal to that of the excitation. Using an approximation ofthe damping force associated with the viscous effects, we complete this study by showing how the systen1 of equation can be decoupled. A generalization of the model to the case of the aneurysrn, from one part, and to the convection of charged particle in the hydrodynamical field associated with a magnetic field, on the other, has been also undertaken
Fras, Isabelle. "Etude de l'influence de charges sur les phénomènes de glissement en filière et sur les propriétés mécaniques d'une gaine de câble électrique à base de polychlorure de vinyle plastifié." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10112.
Full textAl, Isber Aziz. "Modélisation de l'écoulement instationnaire décollé à la traversée d'un diaphragme par la méthode des vortex aléatoires." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ESAE0002.
Full textSaidi, Alireza. "Impact de goutte de fluides à seuil." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0104.
Full textThe objective of this work is to determine the influence of the yield stress in the fluid droplet impact mechanisms on a nonporous dry solid substrate. Elastoviscoplastic Carbopol gels, well characterized from rheological and structural points of view, were developed. The dynamic behaviour of the drop before and during the impact has been visualised with a high speed camera on a wide range of impact velocity. The dynamics of the spreading and retraction stages of the impacting drop are investigated regarding the inertia of the drop and viscoplastic and physical properties of gels. The influence of the shape of drops before impact is also discussed. The role of interface properties during the impact process, particularly that of the hydrophobicity ; the surface energy and roughness of the substrates was identified. These results are correlated with the behaviour at the interface of gels, such as wall slip measured by controlled rheometric tests. Through the development of gels with well-chosen fluid matrix, the intensity of yield stress, elastic modulus and viscous properties have been adjusted. This also allows to identify the specific effects of consistency during the process. Finally, all experimental data was correlated with scaling laws derived from the modelling of the drop impact of elastoviscoplastic fluids. The limits of modelling are discussed. A general scheme considering the role of parameters involving in the drop impact of yield stress fluids is proposed
Bouchaudy, Anne. "Séchage microfluidique de fluides complexes : champs de concentration, diffusion collective et mesure in situ de contraintes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0192/document.
Full textDrying complex fluids is an original technique to study their properties. Solvent extraction enables the continuous concentration of fluids from a dilute to a solid state. The use of the microfluidic scale allows one to limit side effects and simplify experiments, observations and modeling. This project mainly describes the drying of colloidal dispersions in two confined geometries: microfluidic channels and confined droplets between two plates. With these two techniques, we estimate collective diffusion for a water/glycerol mixture and a model dispersion of charged silica nanoparticles over the whole concentration range. Moreover, the drying of complex fluids often induces mechanical stresses which are the root for deformation, delamination phenomena and cracks. We developed an original technique to measure these stresses in situ. For a model colloidal dispersion, we evidenced experimentally that these forces arise from a liquid to solid state transition. The increase of these stresses is then associated with the drying of a poroelastic gel
Yang, Diansen. "Caractérisation par la mesure de perméabilité au gaz de l'endommagement mécanique et hydrique dans l'EDZ des argilites du Callovo-Oxfordien." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004660.
Full textPan, Jing. "Effet de la température et de l'agitation sur les propriétés rhéologiques des bétons fluides à rhéologie adaptée." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7567.
Full textAbstract : The local climate, the transport of agitated concrete after manufacturing but before being cast strongly influence the properties of the fresh and hard concrete. It’s important to keep the stability and workability of the self-consolidating concrete (SCC) because of its special characteristics. Compare to the normal concrete, the properties of SCC are generally more sensitive to the temperature and the transport. Therefore it’s necessary to understand the effects of the temperature and the agitation on the performance of the SCC in order to predict the consequences of climate change (temperature) and transport (time and speed of agitation), and then to give the better precautions with a good performance-cost report. In this study, the concrete mortar equivalent (CEM) method is used to quickly analyze the influences of the temperature and the agitation on the rheological, calorimetric and mechanical properties of the SCCs. Five temperatures (8, 15, 22, 29 and 36°C) and two agitation speed (6 and 18 tr/min) are varied in CEMs. And then, some compositions (type of adjuvant and supplementary cementing material) are chosen to be valued with the temperature (8-36°C) and the agitation (2 and 6 tr/min) in SCCs for the building without air-entraining admixture (AEA) and semi-flowable SCC for infrastructure with AEA. The initial slump flow of CEM and SCC is fixed, but the demand superplasticizer, the temperature and the agitation were varied. The results show that there are the effects of temperature and agitation on the effectiveness of admixture, the slump flow, the air content, the rheological, calorimetric and mechanical properties of CEM and SCC. A mathematical equation is proposed to predict the performance of SCC at different temperatures for the SP and AEA requirement, the maximum of heat flow and the compressive strength at one day by these same properties of SCC at 22°C and by the temperature. Finally, a good linear correlation is found between CEM and SCC for these properties.
Khallaki, Kaoutar. "Analyse numérique des mécaniques d'intensification du transfert thermique par promoteurs de tourbillons dans les échangeurs à tubes ailetés." Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a058154b-2a0c-4692-a6e8-df40778d3325.
Full textThis work is related to the heat transfer enhancement in compact finned tube heat exchangers. We study numerically the flow topology and its influence on heat transfer. The effects of fin spacing and velocity inlet variation are examined. Results are compared and validate with dynamic and thermal experimental measurements. This study shows that the flow in finned tube heat exchangers is characterised by the presence of horseshoe vortices in front of the tubes. These vortices increase the heat exchange and interact with a the dead zone located at the downstream of the tubes which is a region of a low heat transfer. Then, we propose an innovative technique of heat transfer intensification in continuous fin and tube heat exchangers by inserting vortex generators on fins
Lachaussée, Florent. "Érosion et transport de particules au voisinage d'un obstacle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS377/document.
Full textErosion occurs when a fluid flowing over a granular bed exerts a large enough shear stress. When the fluid encounters an obstacle, the modification of the flow leads to a local over speed, and thus on an increase of the shear stress in the vicinity of the obstacle. As a result, the erosion is locally enhanced and is called scouring. In this work, we investigate this complicated situation experimentally at the laboratory scale. In particular, we address the question of the scouring threshold, i.e., the minimum critical approach velocity of the fluid leading to erosion in the vicinity of the obstacle. We report the existence of two different scouring patterns: the traditional horseshoe scour at the base of the obstacle, which dominates at large flow velocities, and we also highlight another scouring pattern downstream, which is called rabbit ear scour, at moderate speeds. We determine the onset of both erosion patterns visually using different grains and obstacles. Besides, we measure the bed topography over time using a laser profilometer. By monitoring the bed topography during the scouring process, we characterize the morphology of both scouring patterns and rationalize their competitive dynamics by measuring their formation timescale. In most cases, the rabbit ear scour development is inhibited by the faster horseshoe scour growth. The characterization of the flow using Particles Image Velocimetry (PIV), provides information on the shear stress exerted by the fluid flow on the grains, with and without obstacle. We can thus rationalize the threshold values for both scouring patterns, associated with different flow structures
Meunier, Sébastien. "Analyse d'erreur a postériori pour les couplages hydro-mécaniques et mise en oeuvre dans code_aster." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0717.
Full textPouv, Keang Sè. "Vers un lien entre propriétés mécaniques de sédiments cohésifs et leur érodabilité -- Etude macroscopique et locale du comportement en rhéométrie et en érosion de matériaux modèles." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626301.
Full textBarraud, Chloé. "Nanorhéologie de fluides complexes aux interfaces." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY011/document.
Full textLiquids confined present many fascinating behaviors very different from those observed in their volume. Confinement can induce a shift in the balance of phases (eg the liquid-vapor transition, also called capillary condensation), it can change the glass transition temperature of the polymer, or impose order on the molecular arrangement of fluid. The changes in the mechanical properties of liquid interfaces are particularly important in applications. However the level of understanding, the simple case of Newtonian liquids is still controversial, with one hand, numerical simulations show that the viscosity should not be changed for some higher molecular sizes containment, and secondly non-unanimous experiences, sometimes showing qualitative changes in rheological properties under confinement. Recently we have shown that the methods of hydrodynamic impedance sphere-plane geometry is a privileged, non-intrusive method and unambiguous, to discuss the mechanics of nano-liquid interfaces (1,2). As interphase, ie fluid layers whose properties are modified by the proximity of a solid, it is possible to accede their contactless module, so without the disturbance caused by a second surface.S As regards the effect of confinement on the rheology, we have shown that the elastic deformation across the pico meter of confining surfaces, gives a strong modification beyond apparent rheology of the fluid, even in the absence of any intrinsic effect. The thesis aims to implement the hydrodynamic impedance methods to study the rheology of polymer solutions confined. We specifically consider two models of fundamental importance as well as practical systems: brushes grafted polymer whose mechanical properties are an issue in lubrication applications as well as for biological flows and solutions of water-soluble polymers interest in enhanced oil recovery, in order to understand the effects of thinning containment and to distinguish between changes in viscosity and depletion layer induced by the flow. At the instrumental level, one of the challenges of the thesis is to implement the hydrodynamic impedance measurements on two complementary instruments at the level of the probe: the measuring dynamic power (SFA) of Liphy, and AFM interferometric detection developed at the Institut Néel. These different scales of investigation will help to clarify the medium average mechanical properties of liquids confined and their gradients near the wall. A view of work will be to look mechanical and rheological properties of polymer brushes intrinsic determined directly on SFA or AFM with their functional properties: lubricating properties of sliding contacts, or modification of the flow in microchannels. This will continue on the implementation by Lionel Bureau Liphy experimental platform: SFA friction advised biomimetic micro-fluidic systems (walls functionalized polymer brushes). The challenge will be to understand how the mechanical and rheological properties of brushes determine those systems in which they operate
Rahmoune, Miloud. "Contribution à l'étude d'un système d'ondes mécaniques généré par des matériaux piézoélectriques. Application au processus antifouling de l'instrumentation océanographique." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20111.
Full textBravin, Marco. "Dynamics of a viscous incompressible flow in presence of a rigid body and of an inviscid incompressible flow in presence of a source and a sink." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0192.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate properties of incompressible flows that interact with a rigid body or a source and a sink. In the case of an incompressible viscous fluid that satisfies the Navier Stokes equations in a 2D bounded domain well-posedness of Leray-Hopf weak solutions is well-understood. Existence and uniqueness are proved. Moreover solutions are continuous in time with values in L 2 (Omega) and they satisfy the energy equality. Recently the problem of a rigid body moving in a viscous incompressible fluid modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the Newton laws that prescribe the motion of the solid, was also tackled in the case where the no-slip boundary conditions were imposed. And the correspondent well-posedness result for Leray-Hopf type weak solutions was proved. In this manuscript we consider the case of the Navier-slip boundary conditions. In this setting, the existence result for the coupled system was proved by G'erard-Varet and Hillairet in 2014. Here, we prove that solutions are continuous in time, that they satisfy the energy equality and that they are unique. Moreover we show an existence result for weak solutions of a viscous incompressible fluid plus rigid body system in the case where the fluid velocity has an orthoradial part of infinite energy.For an inviscid incompressible fluid modelled by the Euler equations in a 2D bounded domain, the case where the fluid is allowed to enter and to exit from the boundary was tackled by Judovic who introduced some conditions which consist in prescribing the normal component of the velocity and the entering vorticity. In this manuscript we consider a bounded domain with two holes, one of them is a source which means that the fluid is allowed to enter in the domain and the other is a sink from where the fluid can exit. In particular we find the limiting equations satisfied by the fluid when the source and the sink shrink to two different points. The limiting system is characterized by a point source/sink and a point vortex in each of the two points where the holes shrunk
Guerci, Alain. "Modélisation géochimique des interactions fluides-roches et du comportement de l'uranium : application à des paléo-altérations hydrothermales, et à l'environnement des sites miniers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1998_GUERCI_A.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Thi Thuy Linh. "Approche micromécanique du comportement d'une suspension de bulles dans un fluide à seuil." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1092/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to characterizing the behavior of a suspension of bubbles dispersed in a non-Newtonian fluid (yield stress fluid type).It consists of three parts. The first part is a literature review identifying the theoretical and experimental works for bubbles sheared in a Newtonian material. The second part is dedicated to the experimental study of the simple shear of a bubble suspended in a yield stress fluid. The last part consists in developing an upscaling approach to study the macroscopic behavior of a suspension of bubbles in a yield stress fluid. For experimental work, we developped a first prototype of device for the study of the shearing of a bubble in a yield stress fluid. For that purpose, an air bubble is injected in a big volume of Carbopol sheared far from the bubble by a system in two parallel bands. A fist series of tests allowed to show the efficiency of the device and to obtain some results on the deformability of a sheared bubble in a yield stress fluid. For theoretical work, first we proposed estimates of the behavior of the suspension in the case of diluted scheme, Mori-Tanaka, autocoherent and morphological patterns. These models have allowed us to find that in the elastic regime the macroscopic elastic modulus of the suspension depends on the capillary number Caelast defined as the ratio of the shear modulus of the fluid suspended over the capillary pressure of the bubble. Then using a modified secant homogenization method (Suquet 1997), we estimated the overall nonlinear properties of the suspension. The model predicts that the overall yield stress of the suspension is that of the suspending fluid regardless of the size of bubbles. The validation of these micromechanical models was achieved thanks to the experimental results obtained in the laboratory (Ducloué 2014).Keywords: bubbles suspensions, yield stress fluid, rheology, capillary number, upscaling approach
Andriamihafy, Hérison. "Débitmétrie par diaphragme en écoulement pulsatoire : sources d'erreurs et corrections possibles, approche expérimentale et modélisation." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ESAE0014.
Full textBargui, Henda. "Modélisation des comportements mécaniques et hydrauliques de massifs rocheux simulés par des assemblages de blocs rigides : Introduction d'un couplage hydro-mécanique." Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9705.
Full textThis research aims at modelling the hydro-mechanical behaviour of fissured rock masses by improvement and extension of a discrete element model, called BRIG3D. This model simulates fissured rock mass as a set of rigid blocks interacting along their interfaces. Interface deformation is related to the relative displacement of the corresponding blocks. Being subject to external loads, the total set of blocks moves until equilibrium is reached. The computation of this equilibrium has been improved by redefining the model description of the rigid block movement, the interface position and the stress distribution along an interface. To describe flow problems through blocks interfaces, a boundary element model has been developed. Flow through each interface is assumed to be laminar, stationary and planar. This hydraulic model has then been coupled with the mechanical model BRIG3D and used to analyse hydro-mechanical rock mass behaviour under varying loads ; In particulard, a study of a dam foundation has been carried out
Bereaux, Yves. "Procédés de Plasturgie : Approche par des modèles numériques, thermiques et mécaniques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023401.
Full textGuerriau, Olivier. "Modélisation et simulation par éléments finis et volumes finis d'écoulements turbulents avec prise en compte de modèles de proche paroiI." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0018.
Full textThe present study contributes to the developpement of a computational method for low Mach number turbulent flows, including wall region effects. The peak production rate of turbulence and the peak turbulent intensity are located in the near-wall region. In order to distinguish the different mechanisms of production, extra ways of analysis are needed. This is especially important for numerical calculations, where the steep gradient of the turbulent dissipation rate requires high numerical resolution, typically 60 to 100 grid points across the boundary layer. The accurate numerical resolution of the viscous sublayer for complex flows has remained out of reach for a long time, because of limitations in computer power. In order to insure performance and reasonable computational time, we develop a two-layer model which introduces wall-effects into the k - ε and ui''uj" - ε models. We also analyse the influence of numerical viscosity on the prediction accuracy for low Mach number flows. Our calculations confirm the poor performance of the hyperbolic solver, because of the low accuracy from Roe-scheme approximations. A correction of this scheme, which uses the preconditioning of Turkel, leads to an improvement of the solution. Calculations of two-dimensional flows without chemistry are presented. The study of confined shear flows with or without recirculating region allows to evaluate the turbulence modelling part
Devillers, Philippe. "Couplages thermohydromécaniques en milieux poreux : application à la consolidation d'un sol non saturé." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20069.
Full textJager, Stéphanie. "Les résines composites fluides utilisées en odontologie : influence du taux de charges." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0053/document.
Full textConservative dentistry has undergone a genuine revolution, with the advent of adhesive dentistry and the development of resin composites combined with dental bonding. The emergence of flowable resin composites 20 years ago further expanded the treatment options open to dental practitioners. The appearance on the market of a large number of resin composites that differ in terms of their matrix type, along with the size and the proportion of the fillers incorporated, combined with a lack of information from manufacturers concerning the exact compositions of their products, means that practitioners do not really know all the characteristics of the materials they are using. In vitro hypercharacterization of these materials is an important approach to help us gain a better understanding of their properties. In order to assess the impact of variation of filler contents on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of flowable resin composites, we studied two groups of materials: a first group, composed of experimental flowable resin composites with the same matrix and a variable filler content, and a second group, composed of commercially available flowable resin composites. For each of these materials, after determination of the filler content using the calcination method, assessment of their rheological properties (complex viscosity and storage modulus), measurement of microhardness (Vickers microhardness), volumetric setting shrinkage using the glass slide deflection technique, dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis in flexure (storage modulus, loss modulus, damping factor), along with the water absorption and dissolution capacities (determination by thermal gravimetry differential following immersion in different media) are all factors potentially influenced by the said filler contents studied. While the filler content should clearly be one of the decision-making criteria used by practitioners given the influence it seems to have on both mechanical and physicochemical properties, it nonetheless appears that a high filler content is not, in itself, a sufficient guarantee that the material meets the optimum specifications for an ideal filling material. The use of deformulated flowable composite resins with a variable filler content makes it possible to assess the role of the dispersed phase. However, a parallel study of commercially available materials highlights the influence of the matrix type and the various monomeric entities included in the polymer structure
Bénito, Sylvain. "Modélisation et simulation du comportement mécanique des milieux plastiques mous : mousses liquides, émulsions." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13858/document.
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Hu, Xu-Qu. "Mouvement et déformation de capsules circulant dans des canaux microfluidiques." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00857260.
Full textSurma, Fabrice. "Détermination de la porosité des zones endommagées autour des failles et rôle de l'état du matériau sur les propriétés d'échange fluides-roches : Minéralogie, structures de porosité, caractéristiques mécaniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13169.
Full textFault zone structure is characterized by a fault core (gouge, cataclasite, mylonite), a damage zone (small faults, fractures, veins fold) and a protolith. We can clearly describe these structures in the Soultz-sous-Forêts granite (HDR Project, France) and in the Nojima Fault zone (Kobe, Japan). This work shows us that the structures are the same ones in the two sites in spite of their different deformation mode : one in extension and the other in compression. We propose, starting from the petrographic observations, a study of porosity and physical properties, a fluid flow model in a altered and fractured granite, taking into account the evolution of the fluid pressure and the processes of dissolution-precipitation during an earthquake. In the case of extension, the intersismic period is associated to an opening of the fractures in the fault damaged zone and an increase in porosity due to the rock alteration. During the earthquake, the fractures are closed and the fluid is expelled. In the case of compression, the intersismic period is associated to the closing of the fractures in the matrix and the expulsion of the fluids towards the fault whereas during the earthquake the fractures open because of the fluid pressure increase. Thus, there is a constant competition between the processes which enhance permeability and those which tend to reduce it. These processes (stresses, mineral precipitation, fluid pressure variation. . . Etc) are the same ones in the various contexts, but they do not interfere at the same time during an earthquake
Cheminet, Adam. "Development of tomographic PIV for the study of turbulent flows." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX020/document.
Full textThis research dissertation focuses on the developments of tomographic PIV (tomo-PIV) for the measurement of turbulent flows (Elsinga et al. 2006). It is based on the tomographic reconstruction of a volumic intensity distribution of tracer particles from projections recorded on cameras. The corresponding volumic distributions are correlated to obtain 3D displacement fields.The present work surveys the state of advancement of the research conducted on this technique and the main issues it has been confronted with so far. The main research focus was on tomographic reconstruction. Indeed, its main limitation is the appearance of ghost particles, ie reconstruction noise, which occurs when high tracer concentrations are required for high spatial resolution measurements.For a thorough understanding of tomographic noise, we carried out a numerical study of experimental factors impacting the quality of tomographic reconstruction. Geometric considerations quantified the impact of "added particles" lying in the Union volume but not in the Intersection volume, between the camera fields of view and the illumination area. This phenomenon was shown to create ghost particles. The decrease in signal-to-noise ratio in the image was investigated, considering Mie scattering and defocusing effects. Particle image defocusing mainly results in the loss of real particles in reconstruction. Mie scattering’s main impact is also the loss of real particles due to the polydisperse nature of the seeding.This study of imaging conditions for tomo-PIV led us to propose an alternative approach to classical tomographic reconstruction. It seeks to recover nearly single voxel particles rather than blobs of extended size using a particle-based representation of image data. We term this approach Particle Volume Reconstruction (PVR). PVR underlies a more physical, sparse volumic representation of point particles, which lives halfway between infinitely small particles, and voxel blobs commonly used in tomo-PIV. From that representation, it is possible to smooth it to 2 voxel diameter blobs for a 3D-PIV use of PVR incorporated in a SMART algorithm. Numerical simulations showed that PVR-SMART outperforms tomo-SMART (Atkinson et al. 2009) on a variety generating conditions and a variety of metrics on volume reconstruction and displacement estimation, especially in the case of seeding density greater than 0.06 ppp.We introduce a cross-correlation technique for 3D-PIV (FOLKI-3D) as an extension to 3D of the FOLKI-PIV algorithm (Champagnat et al. 2011). The displacement is searched as the minimizer of a sum of squared differences, solved iteratively by using volume deformation. Numerical tests confirmed that spatial frequency response is similar to that of standard iterative deformation algorithms. Numerical simulations of tomographic reconstruction characterized the robustness of the algorithm to specific tomographic noise. FOLKI-3D was found more robust to coherent ghosts than standard deformation algorithms, while gains in accuracy of the high-order deformation scheme were obtained for various signal noises.The application of PVR-SMART on experimental data was performed on a turbulent air jet. Several seeding density conditions were used to compare the performance of tomo-SMART and PVR-SMART on the near field region of the jet. With the given image pre-processing, PVR-SMART was found to yield velocity fields that are about 50 % less noisy than tomo-SMART. The velocity field comparison included velocity field statistical properties, peak-locking study, flow divergence analysis, velocity gradient tensor and coherent structures exploration.Finally, conclusions are drawn from the main results of this dissertation and lead to potential research perspectives of our work with respect to the future of tomographic PIV
Leroy, Samuel. "Les forces de surface dynamiques pour l'investigation mécanique des surfaces molles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610528.
Full textGerthoffer, Arnaud. "Propriétés mécaniques des cellules photovoltaïques à base de CIGS sur substrats en verre ultra-fin." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI077/document.
Full textThe goal of this work is to study and to develop CIGS thin-film solar cells on an innovative substrate: the ultra-thin glass. This material has advantageous properties, mainly attributed to its high temperature resistance, its lightweight, its barrier property against moisture, its transparency and its mechanical flexibility. Here we tried to use these properties for the fabrication of lightweight and conformable CIGS solar cells. First, we demonstrate the feasibility of CIGS solar cells on 100 mm-thick ultra-thin glass substrates. We reached 12.1 % efficiency by using a bilayer back contact consisting of a pure Mo layer and a sodium doped Mo layer, which is up to now the record efficiency for CIGS solar cells on ultra-thin glass substrate. Then we show that solar cell performances can deteriorate under cyclic bending fatigue conditions with a radius of curvature of 5 cm. This is partially explained by the formation of cracks in the cells. Then, we report on the mechanical properties of the Mo and the CIGS layers measured by nanoindentation. The hardness and the Young’s modulus of each layer is given and, for the first time, the toughness and the residual stresses of the CIGS. These results are then used to calculate the CIGS internal stresses when the cells are bent. Finaly, we propose a glass-glass structure optimized to lower the CIGS internal stresses under bending
Ramaël, Bruno. "Caractérisation in situ des propriétés mécaniques des parois vasculaires par une technique non invasive." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2314/document.
Full textThis thesis is based on identifying the mechanical properties of facial arteries. It is part of FlowFace project, which focuses on the study of the facial arterial system by MRI imaging. It is based on a measurement campaign conducted on a sample of 30 people at the Hospital of Amiens, which allowed obtaining noninvasively the evolution of the blood vessel deformation and the measurement of the flow. Diastolic and systolic pressures were measured at the arm independently of the MRI measurements. The aim of the thesis was to model the deformation of blood vessels and to implement an optimization technique to determine their mechanical properties by inverse analysis using MRI measurements of deformation. Simulations of the behavior of the blood vessels were performed, using ANSYS Inc. software, modeling fluid-structure interactions both strong and weak coupling. The objective was to determine the parietal deformations induced by hemodynamic conditions and pressure drops in the vessels concerned. The simulations involved hyperelastic and large deflection models to simulate the behavior of the wall. They allow calculate the numerical displacements that we compared with experimental displacements measured by MRI, the aim is that the difference between numerical and experimental be as low as possible to deduce the adequate mechanical parameters for the artery. To identify the mechanical properties of the vessels, the optimization technique proposed in ANSYS based on genetic algorithms or gradient algorithms was used. The identification method was validated on cylindrical tubes (elastomer), for which deformation measurements were acquired by MRI imaging under pulsating flow. The values of mechanical properties determined were compared with those obtained by traction tests and dilatation tests. One of the crucial points of identification involves the determination of the non-stress state. If it is a known parameter for the elastic tube, it has to be determining for blood vessels. The challenge of this thesis is to determine from a "minimum" quantity of pressure and deformation information, the hyper-elastic properties of blood vessels. The method based on a patient-specific geometry deformation concluded that the tangent modulus in diastole is approximately 200kPa while that in systole is in a range of 300 kPa to 1 MPa
Michaux, Sylvain. "Déformations mécaniques de l'hydrogène solide pour la fabrication de cibles cryogéniques continues submillimétriques pour l'accélération laser-plasma." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY010/document.
Full textThe interaction between a high-energy laser and a thin hydrogen target can generate an electrostatic field accelerating protons up to a few tens of MeV. This scientific field is called "laser/plasma acceleration". In this context, the Low Temperature Laboratory (CEA, France) has designed in 2014 a prototype extruding thin solid-hydrogen ribbon-shaped targets of onemillimeter in width and a few tens of micrometers in thickness.This Ph.D. thesis studies the geometry, the stability and the velocity of these ribbons, which are critical in the laser/matter interaction. Experimental campaigns led with this prototype in different laser facilities are described as well. The second and main objective of this Ph.D. thesisis to charaterize and measure the rheological properties of solid Hydrogen, in order to model its flow through a submillimeter-wide extrusion nozzle. This characterisation has been made possible through the design of an innovative cryogenic rheometer generating a continuous shear deformation in solid hydrogen at controled temperature, below 14 kelvins. Shear deformationof solid Hydrogen is studied and detailled, and its apparent viscosity near its melting point is measured. A deformation law is stated, then tested by numerical simulation
Le, Crom Sébastien. "Modélisation à l'échelle microscopique des fluides et des solutés dans des argiles saturées et insaturées." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS211.
Full textThe clay minerals were selected by Andra in the deep geological disposal facility for radioactive waste management, named Cigeo, for their adsorption properties and very low permeability. In this context, gas can be inserted into the pores of the initially saturated natural environment, creating partially saturated transient conditions. Whose impact must be quantified in order to ensure the durability of storage. In clay pores, of nanometric size, the water and solutes transfer is strongly influenced by electrostatic interactions with surfaces. Thus, we used Molecular Dynamics to study the impact of charged surfaces on the species properties at the atomic scale. We first probed the effect of the species polarizability in the calcul of interactions (force field) on a saturated montmorillonite reference system. Polarizability has been shown to significantly change the organization and dynamics of water and solutes within the pore. In particular, it increases the number of ionic pairs formed in solution, which leads to a layer structuration of the polarizable ions at the clay interface.The effect of an air unsaturation on the properties of species confined within a clay pore has been shown to be important for very large unsaturations. In very unsaturated pores, the cations are placed between the surface and the anions in order to screen the negative charge of the clay, creating locally an overcompensation of the charge. The diffusion of all the species is controlled by cations which varies according to the type of force field used, polarizable or non polarizable
Gallizio, Federico. "Analytical and numerical vortex methods to model separated flows." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13785/document.
Full textThe problem of the separated flows dynamics past obstacles at rest or moving bodies is addressed by means of the study of two topics a) investigation on the existence of some steady solutions of the Euler equations and of the Navier-Stokes equations at large Reynolds number, past bodies characterized by a cusp; b) analysis of the unsteady wake behind a Vertical Axis Turbine (VAT). The survey of such different flow regimes related to the separation phenomenon past bluff bodies or bodies at incidence allowed to devise several numerical and analytical techniques based on the evaluation of the vorticity field
Trieu, Hung Truong. "Études théorique et expérimentale du transport de fluides miscibles en cellule Hele-Shaw." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL027N/document.
Full textThis thesis is an experimental and numerical investigation of solute transport and sedimentation in a Hele-Shaw cell with zonal flow. A vertical cell joining two large tanks has been built to provide a uniform horizontal flow, the velocity of which has been measured by using PIV. The concentration field of a solute injected in this flow has been measured by using LIF. Three typical plume configurations have been observed: without digitations (“stable”), with a single digitation (“weakly unstable”), and with various digitations appearing at the lower interface (“unstable plume”). The influence of density contrast, zonal flow and solute flow rate on the appearance of the various configurations has been investigated. These results have been compared to numerical simulations using the COMSOL Multiphysics® software. The numerical concentration fields are in qualitative agreement with the experimental ones. In addition, these simulations allowed us to investigate the effect of the anisotropy of the dispersion tensor on the occurrence of unstable configurations. A linear stability analysis based on a uniform parallel flow superposed to a quasi-steady horizontal layer of solute has been performed. It shows that the plume is convectively unstable for the parameters considered here, and confirms the various behaviors observed in both the experimental and the numerical analyses, like the stabilizing effect of the longitudinal dispersivity or the destabilizing effect of the solute concentration
Hillairet, Matthieu. "Aspects interactifs de la mécanique des fluides." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSL0333.
Full textMasmoudi, Nader. "Problèmes asymptotiques en mécanique des fluides." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090028.
Full textMolina, Nicolás. "Quelques problèmes de contrôle et d’analyse pour des équations de la dynamique des fluides." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLD031.
Full textIn this thesis we study control related problems and Cauchy problems that appear in continuum mechanics, with anemphasis in fluids. We present a local null controllability result for the non-isentropic Navier-Stokes equations where thepressure depends on the temperature as well as the density, a local stabilization with state feedback law on the densityfor the isentropic case of Navier-Stokes, and finally, we present an existence result for the Cauchy problem of a linearelastic solid submerged on an Eulerian fluid in the case of a finite number of modes approximation
Perrin, Charlotte. "Modèles hétérogènes en mécanique des fluides : phénomènes de congestion, écoulements granulaires et mouvement collectif." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM023/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the description and the mathematical analysis of heterogeneities and congestion phenomena in fluid mechanics models.A rigorous link between soft congestion models, based on the compressible Navier--Stokes equations which take into account short--range repulsive forces between elementary components; and hard congestion models which describe the transitions between free/compressible zones and congested/incompressible zones.We are interested then in the macroscopic modelling of mixtures composed solid particles immersed in a fluid.We provide a first mathematical answer to the question of the transition between the suspension regime dictated by hydrodynamical interactions and the granular regime dictated by the contacts between the solid particles.The method highlights the crucial role played by the memory effects in the granular regime.This approach enables also a new point of view concerning fluids with pressure-dependent viscosities.We finally deal with the microscopic and the macroscopic modelling of vehicular traffic.Original numerical schemes are proposed to robustly reproduce persistent traffic jams
Rasschaert, Fanny. "Rhéologie et mécanique des fluides du conditionnement de produits semi-solides." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI054.
Full textPackaging is a key step of cheese products industrial manufacturing process. It consists in filling containers of various shapes with non-Newtonian products while ensuring optimized rates. The aim of the present work is to describe the influence of cheese rheological properties as well as process parameters onto packaging, thereby contributing towards its optimization.Necessary for the study, the rheological behavior of cheese products on the process stress range at 80°C has been identified as shear-thinning with a yield stress, with elasticity both below and above the yield stress.Jets and filling hydrodynamics during packaging have been studied with three types of products by the means of the laboratory-scale process pilot, which is able to reproduce the industrial process conditions. After checking for consistency between experimental and litterature results for Newtonian products, the study focused on viscoplastic model fluids, Carbopol® hydrogels, and on cheeses.Five flow patterns have been observed and characterized through jet diameter, spread velocity during filling and final mound height after filling, which is a key factor of the packaging quality. Flow patterns dimensionless distributions have been determined from the forces involved in the system. Thus, the flow pattern can be predicted thanks to theses distributions from product rheological properties and geometrical and process parameters
Courty, Francois. "Optimisation Différentiable en Mécanique des Fluides Numérique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004344.
Full textDesjardins, Benoît. "Equations de transport et mécanique des fluides." Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090012.
Full textCourty, François. "Optimisation différentiable en mécanique des fluides numérique." Paris 11, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004344.
Full textOur contribution concerns the following three complementary domains : Automatic Differentiation, op- timal shape design for large systems, mesh adaption. In the chapter 1 of the part 1, we expose a method to compute gradients using Automatic Differentiation for a classical optimal shape design problem. We exply how to deduce an exact gradient based on an adjoint state without storing explicitly the Jacobian matrix. The reverse mode of the DA that we propose use much legs memory storage. In the chapter 2 of the part 2, we propose a SQP-like method to solve a class of optimization problems with equality constraints. We use a low cost iteration to solve the state and the adjoint. The new algorithm enables to solve simultaneously the optimality system. This one shot method combines efficiency and robustness. In the chapter 3 of the part 2, we study a new preconditioning strategy for optimal shape design. We build an additive multilevel preconditioning starting from the classical Bramble-Pasciak-Xu principle and from the agglomeration principle. We specify easily the gain of regularity of our preconditioning using only one real parameter. In the chapter 1 of the part 3, we study the problem of the best adapted mesh for a pure interpolation problem. We specify the mesh with a metric and we model the interpolation error. The optimality system solution gives a completely explicite expression of the optimal metric as a function of the function to adapt. In the chapter 2 of the part 3, we extend the method of the previous chapter to the problem of mesh adaption for P. D. E. Our method is based on a rigourous a priori analysis followed by a modelization. We obtain an optimal control formulation with an adjoint state
Coquerelle, Mathieu. "Calcul d’interaction fluide-structure par méthode de vortex et application en synthèse d’images." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0185.
Full textFluid simulation is a classical problem in numerical analysis and scientific computing. Nowadays it holds a significant place in the computer graphics domain. Those kind of applications are eager of efficient and reliable techniques. My works focus on the development of Lagrangian-Eulerian hybrid methods in a vortex formulation which give good precision and know efficient computation algorithms. Those methods are flexible enough to allow to compute multi-phasic flows as well as fluid-structure interactions. Interfaces between various phases (fluids or solids) are captured by a level set function. I propose a novel method that offers to easily integrate interactions with rigid solids - thanks to a penalization technique - and deal with collisions. The numerical results computed are compared to test cases from the literature and I offer examples of realistic 3D animations for computer graphics
Gu, Guochao. "Caractérisation des propriétés d’emploi des aciers thixoforgés : vers la maîtrise du processus de fabrication." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0002/document.
Full textThe thixoforging process is an innovative forming process for the manufacturing ofcomplex parts in the semi-solid state, in fewer forming steps and with a decreased formingforce. The objective of this work is to characterize the microstructure of different steel grades ateach step of the thixoforging process in order to better understand the influence of the processparameters and the mechanisms of deformation, as the microstructure of the material in thesemi-solid state, especially the volume fraction of liquid, is very important. Several 2D and 3Dtechniques (SEM-EDS analyses, CSLM, X-ray microtomography) have been used to evaluatethe liquid fraction of various steel grades (M2, C38LTT and 100Cr6). The results for M2 steelshow a good agreement between 2D SEM - EDS observations and 3D X-ray microtomographyafter quenching, which proves that both techniques are efficient in characterizing high-alloyedsteels in the semi-solid state. The CSLM technique is used to observe the microstructuredirectly at high temperature, with the apparition of liquid and the solidification. Thixoforgingexperiments are finally performed in order to study the influence of the process parameters onthe microstructure: the final part geometry, the material flow etc. After analyzing themicrostructure of the thixoforged parts, some mechanisms of material flow are proposed.Moreover, by comparing the results between the thixoforging experiments and the hot forgingsimulations, it is found that the material flow is very different from that of hot forging process,which results from the material behavior. The latter is very sensitive to the process parameters;an accurate process control is necessary