Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mécanique mésoscopique'
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Jenkinson, William. "Simulation de la mécanique mésoscopique des aliments par méthodes de particules lagrangiennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB047.
Full textThe role of mesoscopic mechanics in food processing and design is not well understood, particularly for oral processing and texture perception. Despite the recognized importance of soft matter, the food science community has struggled to bridge the gap between micro-, meso-, and macro-scale behaviours using simulations. This thesis addresses this challenge by focusing on mechanical simulations, excluding thermal, chemical and physicochemical effects, to explore food behaviour at the mesoscopic scale. We have developed a simulation framework within the LAMMPS environment, combining smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) implementations for liquids and elastic solids. We validated the framework across scenarios such as Couette flow and deformation of granules in a flow. The results show the framework's effectiveness in capturing food structure dynamics and interactions with cilia and papillae and offer new insights into texture perception and hydrodynamics. The study also highlights how granule elasticity and volume fraction impact flow properties and their eventual role in texture perception. This work focuses on mechanics while deliberately remaining flexible enough to integrate mechanical, thermal, chemical, and biological processes in future food science models. Proposed future research includes strategies to integrate more physics and scales and efforts to improve the accessibility of simulation tools for engineers, advancing practical applications in food science
Noyel, Jean-Philippe. "Analyse de l’initiation de fissures en fatigue de contact : Approche mésoscopique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0126/document.
Full textContact fatigue is the predominant mode of failure of components subjected to a repeated contact pressure, like rolling element bearings or gears. This phenomenon is known as rolling contact fatigue (RCF). A large number of models have been developed to predict RCF, but there is today no complete predictive life model, and understanding RCF failure mechanism remains a significant challenge. RCF failure mechanisms are known to be very sensitive to a large number of parameters linked to contact conditions (roughness, lubrication) or materials (inclusions, gradients properties, residual stresses…). To improve knowledge about the influence of these parameters on failure mechanisms and life, a numerical model is developed to simulate the progressive damage of a component subject to rolling contact fatigue. Mechanisms associated with the initiation stage of failure process are located at a scale lower than the macroscopic scale. The proposed approach is to develop a grain level model (mesoscopic scale) in order to focus on initiation mechanisms. A Voronoi tessellation is used to represent the material microstructure. The progressive deterioration is simulated by applying the concept of damage mechanics at grain boundaries represented by cohesive elements. This approach has been first applied to a 2D isotropic model. The numerical behaviour of cohesive elements has been investigated: the influence of cohesive stiffness has been analysed and singularities at the triple junctions has been highlighted. The representativeness of the original model was improved by modelling crystal anisotropy. A cubic elasticity model was used to represent the behaviour of grains. Finally, a thorough analysis of the application of the damage concept at grain boundaries highlighted that the initial formulation results in a very low influence of the damage on the intergranular shear stress. A new formulation leading to a direct influence of the damage on the intergranular shear stress has been proposed. This new formulation has resulted in (i) a change in the distribution of micro-cracks, with coalescence between the different micro-cracks, and (ii) a large increase in the RCF life estimated by the model. The order of magnitude of the number of cycles corresponding to the first micro-cracks is comparable to that given by experiments
Doitrand, Aurélien. "Endommagement à l'échelle mésoscopique et son influence sur la tenue mécanique des matériaux composites tissés." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0077/document.
Full textThe topic of this PhD thesis is multi-scale modeling of woven composites with the aim of predicting their mechanical behavior and strength. The objectives of the presented work are the experimental characterization and numerical modeling of damage at the mesoscopic scale (scale of the reinforcing fabric) in order to evaluate its influence on the macroscopic mechanical behavior of woven composites. First, the characteristic damage mechanisms of a woven composite made of glass fibers and epoxy matrix are determined experimentally. Intra-yarn cracks and decohesions between yarns at the crack tips are observed. In order to model these damage mechanisms at the mesoscopic scale, a geometry representative of the composite, obtained from numerical simulation of the dry fabric compaction, and a conformal mesh of this geometry have been selected. Discrete cracks and decohesions are inserted into the finite element mesh of the composite unit cell. Crack initiation is studied using a coupled criterion based on both a stress and an energy condition. The propagation of cracks and decohesions is modeled using a method based on Finite Fracture Mechanics. The proposed approach allows evaluating of the influence of the damage mechanisms observed at the mesoscopic scale on the macroscopic mechanical behavior of the studied material
Ibergay, Cyrille. "Simulation mésoscopique de polyélectrolytes aux interfaces." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724510.
Full textIbergay, Cyrille. "Simulation mésoscopique de polyélectrolytes aux interfaces." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21999.
Full textBadel, Pierre. "Analyse mésoscopique du comportement mécanique des renforts tissés de composites utilisant la tomographie aux rayons X." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0085/these.pdf.
Full textThe preforming stage of the RTM composite manufacturing process leads to fibrous reinforcement deformations which may be very large especially for double curvature shapes. The knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the reinforcements and their mesoscopic deformed geometry is necessary for various applications. A simulation method for woven composite fabric deformation at mesoscopic scale is presented. A specific continuum hypo-elastic constitutive model is proposed for the yarn behavior. The associated objective derivative is based on the fiber rotation. Spherical and deviatoric parts of the transverse behavior are uncoupled. X-ray tomography is used to obtain experimental undeformed and deformed 3D geometries of the textile reinforcements. The simulations performed on representative elementary volume are validated based on mechanical experimental tests and tomography images for the geometry
Magno, Massimo. "Modèle mécanique du comportement de structures souples aux échelles mésoscopique et macroscopique : application aux matériaux fibreux." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0554.
Full textBondarenko, Dmitry. "Étude mésoscopique de l’interaction mécanique outil/pièce et contribution sur le comportement dynamique du système usinant." Grenoble INPG, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00580878.
Full textThe ploughing effect appears frequently in machining. It influences the quality of machined surface, tool life and dynamical behavior of machining system. But modeling of ploughing is difficult as it is always coupled with the cutting effect. Nevertheless there could be found different ploughing models in scientific literature. But their correlation with experimental data is not easy and mostly of them is not adapted to the dynamical analysis of machining system. In the thesis we developed a new ploughing force model and proposed a methodology for its correlation with experimentation. This methodology was also validated for associated cutting force model. The ploughing and cutting force models with a dynamical model of machining system and kinematic model of surface formation were used in evaluation of impact of ploughing and extrusion effects on the dynamical behavior of machining system. The associated damping model was proposed
De, Sa Caroline. "Etude hydro-mécanique et thermo-mécanique du béton : influence des gradients et des incompatibilités de déformation." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00279849.
Full textSiv, Easeng. "Étude expérimentale mésoscopique de la migration des interfaces dans le cuivre polycristallin." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCD031.
Full textA polycrystal is made up of an agglomerate of micrometric single crystals adjoining each other. The interface between two rotated single crystals forms a grain boundary (GB). GBs play an important role in the plastic behaviour of crystalline materials. Under certain conditions of heat (HT) or thermomechanical (TT) treatments, GBs can migrate and cause microstructures to evolve radically. However, these ancient phenomena remain poorly understood and there is no quantitative model describing migration. In this context, we experimentally studied the migration of GB in two grades of electrolytic copper of the same purity. One is delivered in the form of a sheet obtained by cold rolling followed by continuous annealing at 700°C (called copper I), and is recrystallized. The other, supplied as a cylinder (copper II), is partially recrystallized. An initial heat treatment allows to obtain a reference state then different HT and TM are carried out in order to study the migration of the grains boundaries.Our interest lies in the conditions of critical strain hardening (grain growth during germination-free annealing after very low plastic deformation) in order to observe strain-induced migration (Strain Induced Boundary Migration SIBM). The displacement of GB by the mechanism was observed in-situ in SEM. A combined EBSD and AFM measurement technique is used to quantitatively monitor microstructural changes and evaluate the different driving forces involved. The displacement of the GB is precisely quantified thanks to the phenomenon of thermal etching and the existence of stationary points in the EBSD pictures. The stored energy, associated with the dislocation microstructures in each grain, was estimated by two methods, the measurement of local disorientation using KAM mapping and the simulation by a relaxed Taylor model including a physically justified crystal plasticity law and accounting for an isotropic or anisotropic restoration. The curvature of GBs, the 2nd driving force involved, is evaluated from the observed contours of GBs. A migration diagram is drawn and represents the displacements of GBs as a function of estimates of the curvature energy of GB and the difference in stored energy. Significant differences with the behavior of Al polycrystals are noted, certainly due to the difference in stacking fault energy and the existence of numerous twins. From our statistical analysis of copper I using EBSD data, triple junctions seem to strongly influence the migration of GBs
Gatouillat, Sébastien. "Approche mésoscopique pour la mise en forme des renforts tissés de composites." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0121/these.pdf.
Full textWoven reinforcements forming simulation allows studying feasibility conditions of such processes limiting experimental tests and therefore development costs. Simulation allows accessing to information such as fibre positions after forming and their deformation state as well as predicting the onset of defects (wrinkles, yarns sliding, fibre/yarn fracture). The definition of the fabric mechanical behaviour necessary for these simulations can be done at different scales. Today only the macroscopic scale allows simulations of forming processes. Models at lower scales then allow to define the macroscopic behaviour of reinforcement from the assembly of their elementary components. The meso/macro (or micro/macro) transition is accompanied by an information loss due to the transition from a discrete description to a continuous one. The proposed model consist in a mesoscopic description of the reinforcement allowing the simulation of forming processes at the macroscopic scale. This is possible thanks to a simplification of the description by using shell elements. A hypoelastic behaviour specific of the yarn is then considered. In particular, fibre direction is strictly tracked and a non linear elastic behaviour is defined, allowing the consideration of the transverse compaction of the yarn. Identification and validation of the model are done using classical characterisation tests. In addition to a good description of the shearing behaviour of fabrics, the model allows the prediction of wrinkles and yarns sliding. Forming simulations illustrate these capabilities
Wendling-Hivet, Audrey. "Simulation à l'échelle mésoscopique de la mise en forme de renforts de composites tissés." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0079.
Full textNowadays, manufacturers, especially in transport, are increasingly interested in integrating composite parts into their products. These materials have, indeed, many benefits, among which allowing parts mass reduction when properly operated. In order to manufacture these parts, several methods can be used, including the RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) process which consists in forming a dry reinforcement (preform) before a resin being injected. This study deals with the first stage of the RTM process, which is the preforming step. It aims to implement an efficient strategy leading to the finite element simulation of fibrous reinforcements at mesoscopic scale. At this scale, the fibrous reinforcement is modeled by an interlacement of yarns assumed to be homogeneous and continuous. Several steps are then necessary and therefore considered here to achieve this goal. The first consists in creating a 3D geometrical model of unit cells as realistic as possible. It is achieved through the implementation of an iterative strategy based on two main properties. On the one hand, consistency, which ensures a good description of the contact between the yarns, that is to say, the model does not contain spurious spaces or interpenetrations at the contact area. On the other hand, the variation of the yarn section shape along its trajectory that enables to stick as much as possible to the evolutive shape of the yarn inside the reinforcement. Using this tool and a woven architecture freely implementable by the user, a model representative of any type of reinforcement (2D, interlock) can be obtained. The second step consists in creating a 3D consistent hexahedral mesh of these unit cells. Based on the geometrical model obtained in the first step, the meshing tool enables to mesh any type of yarn, whatever its trajectory or section shape. The third step consists in establishing a constitutive equation of the homogeneous material equivalent to a fibrous material from the mechanical behavior of the constituent material of fibers and the structure of the yarn. Based on recent experimental and numerical developments in the mechanical behavior of fibrous structures, a new constitutive law is presented and implemented. Finally, a study of the different parameters involved in the dynamic/explicit scheme is performed. These last two points allow both to a quick convergence of the calculations and approach the reality of the deformation of reinforcements. The entire chain modeling/simulation of fibrous reinforcements at mesoscopic scale created is validated by numerical and experimental comparison tests of reinforcements under simple loadings
Hanklar, Somchai. "Modélisation mécanique et numérique du comportement des tissus de fibres. Simulation du comportement mésoscopique de la maille élémentaire." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066514.
Full textNguyen, The Dung. "Apport de la modélisation mésoscopique dans la prédiction des écoulements dans les ouvrages en béton fissuré en conditions d'accident grave." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717436.
Full textGoto, Tania. "Influence des paramètres moléculaires du latex sur l'hydratation, la rhéologie et les propriétés mécaniques des composites ciment / latex." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002110.
Full textWendling, Audrey. "Simulation à l'échelle mésoscopique de la mise en forme de renforts de composites tissés." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961196.
Full textJanvier, Camille. "Coherent manipulation of Andreev Bound States in an atomic contact." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS217/document.
Full textLocalized electronic states, called Andreev bound states, appear in weak-links placed between superconducting electrodes. The experiments presented in this thesis explore the coherence properties of these states. Single atom contacts between aluminum electrodes are used as weak links. In order to isolate and probe these states, the atomic contacts are integrated in amicrowave cavity.In a first series of experiments, it is shown that Andreev states can be used to define a quantumbit, “the Andreev qubit”, which is controlled using microwave pulses.Measurements of the lifetime and coherence time of this qubit are thoroughly analyzed.In a second series of experiments, the interaction between the Andreev qubit and the microwave cavity are used to determine the number of photons present in the cavity as a function of the power of microwave pulses at its eigenfrequency.Finally, quantum and parity jumps are observed in continuous measurements of the state of the Andreev dot
Bounasser, Meriem. "Étude du comportement mécanique des renforts tressés pour les matériaux composites." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI004.
Full textThe use of textile composites is increasing in several areas, such as aerospace industries, transportation, civil engineering and others, due to their high strength-weight ratio. Braided structures are one of the textile reinforcements used in different industrial applications for the cost effectiveness of their manufacturing technique, its versatility and the wide range of shapes it can offer. The special structures with the special functionalities needed in each composite application make the braiding a delicate process that needs to be studied in order to fulfill the demands of each specific sector. This PhD project aims to achieve a proper understanding of the process, the structures, the various parameters and the behavior of the final products. The study is conducted using the Herzog 2D braiding machine of Ifth, which, combined with a 6 axes robot, can prototype 3D structures by over-braiding complex shaped mandrels. Multiple carbon fiber braided samples are produced by varying the process parameters (Braid angle, Braid's diameter ...) and characterized in order to assess the influence of these parameters on the braid's geometry and its mechanical properties. To reach a better understanding of the materials' behavior and to avoid the time-consuming trial and error manufacturing and testing way, a modeling procedure is necessary to support the experimental work and optimize the design phase of the braids. Different models have been developed by researchers to predict the properties of braids at different scales of the structure (microscopic - mesoscopic - macroscopic). This work will be focused on the finite element analysis at the meso-scale, i.e. the braid unit cell scale, which considers the orientation of the yarns and the braid's architecture. This analysis is conducted using a hypo-elastic constitutive law which is implemented in user subroutine Vumat in Abaqus/Explicit. In this work, the geometric model is obtained using micro-computed tomography, which is a nondestructive scanning technique that allows detailed and precise analysis of the geometry of a textile reinforcement
Gangnant, Alexandre. "Étude de la rupture quasi-fragile d’un béton à l’échelle mésoscopique : aspects expérimentaux et modélisation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0401/document.
Full textConcrete exhibits a quasibrittle fracture due to the existence of a large fracture process zone (FPZ), mainly microcracked, which develops ahead of the crack front. The aim of the current work consists in highlighting the FPZ development and its extent. For that purpose,an experimental campaign using Wedge Splitting Test was carried out and followed by finite element simulation using Fichant – La Borderie isotropic damage model acting at the mesoscale of concrete. Experimental analysis exhibits that by the use from Resistance curves estimated in the framework of equivalent Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, the used geometry combined to the studied concrete properties are subjected to a confinement of FPZ. Numerical simulations achieved by the damage model are in agreement with experimental results and also seem to show FPZ confinement. There after, numerical simulations are used again on the same specimen geometry but by decreasing fracture properties of cementitious matrix, in order to minimize the FPZ size. Numerical results exhibit that the FPZ was now freely developed and followed by a self-similar propagation of the main crack as shown by the existence of a “plateau” value on the corresponding Resistance curve. A numerical analysis is performed and leads to the propositionof a FPZ development criteria based on a maximal value of the local damage energy release rate
Nguyen, Quang Thanh. "Analyse expérimentale et numérique de la compaction des renforts fibreux : Application pour la perméabilité." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695726.
Full textBarrand, Charles. "Elaboration de mousses solides par émulsions hautement concentrées. Etude de la relation liant le comportement mécanique avec la structure mésoscopique et la nature physico-chimique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066388/document.
Full textFoams are everywhere in the society thanks to their remarkable properties resulting from the coupling of their structure and their physico-chemical nature which are very adaptable. The main goal of this thesis is the study of the relationship between mechanical properties of elastomeric foams and their mesoscopic structure (open or closed-porosity and cells diameter) and their physico chemical nature of elastomeric matrix. In this context, it was necessary to synthesize model porous materials with well-controlled densities and structure. HIPE (High Internal Phase Emulsion) template technique was used thanks to its ability modifying matrix chemical composition and structure. Control of emulsion’s parameters (internal phase ratio, monomers and crosslinker nature, surfactant and crosslinker content) enables tuning foam morphology. Moreover it enables to vary one parameter without changing others. Thanks to this method we were able to synthesize elastomeric foams with well-controlled structure and physico-chemical nature matrix. In the real special case of very low crosslinker content, foam collapsing effect has been detected. Foams are mechanically characterized in compression test depending on tree parameters: glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix, crosslinked ratio and cells diameter of the foam. Elastic modulus and dissipated energy are studied to inverstigate more deeply the relationship with physico-chemical nature and mesoscopic structure. Time behavior response of foams leads us to study recovery ratio of foams and we try to determine a theoretical model
Barrand, Charles. "Elaboration de mousses solides par émulsions hautement concentrées. Etude de la relation liant le comportement mécanique avec la structure mésoscopique et la nature physico-chimique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066388.pdf.
Full textFoams are everywhere in the society thanks to their remarkable properties resulting from the coupling of their structure and their physico-chemical nature which are very adaptable. The main goal of this thesis is the study of the relationship between mechanical properties of elastomeric foams and their mesoscopic structure (open or closed-porosity and cells diameter) and their physico chemical nature of elastomeric matrix. In this context, it was necessary to synthesize model porous materials with well-controlled densities and structure. HIPE (High Internal Phase Emulsion) template technique was used thanks to its ability modifying matrix chemical composition and structure. Control of emulsion’s parameters (internal phase ratio, monomers and crosslinker nature, surfactant and crosslinker content) enables tuning foam morphology. Moreover it enables to vary one parameter without changing others. Thanks to this method we were able to synthesize elastomeric foams with well-controlled structure and physico-chemical nature matrix. In the real special case of very low crosslinker content, foam collapsing effect has been detected. Foams are mechanically characterized in compression test depending on tree parameters: glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix, crosslinked ratio and cells diameter of the foam. Elastic modulus and dissipated energy are studied to inverstigate more deeply the relationship with physico-chemical nature and mesoscopic structure. Time behavior response of foams leads us to study recovery ratio of foams and we try to determine a theoretical model
Besson, Ugo. "Une approche mésoscopique pour l'enseignement de la statique des fluides : étude des raisonnements des apprenants, élaboration et expérimentation d'une séquence d'enseignement." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070033.
Full textThis thesis presents: a study of the forms of reasoning learners apply when dealing with fluids; the design, experimentation and evaluation of a teaching sequence on the static of fluids in the presence of gravity, kinetic and thermal aspects excluded. It contains an analysis of previous research on this topic by other authors; and some guiding ideas on the reasoning involved in this context. Content analysis and the study of conceptions are linked throughout. Besides two preliminary interviews, the research on reasoning involves several questionnaires put to high school and first-year university students. One crucial point is a difficulty in connecting local actions and global effects; this requires a systemic form of reasoning, to explain the mechanism establishing the final situation of equilibrium. The short teaching sequence experimented among first-year university students is based on a simple mechanical model of fluids, at the mesoscopic level, using sponge balls as elements. The aim is to make concrete and visual the typical decomposition of the mechanics of fluids, using objects through which a behavioural analogy can be established. . . Established (Attention is drawn to local interactions and a transmission of changes, to help students overcome the difficulty of conciliating certain formal laws and the local behaviour of fluids. The sequence is evaluated by means of paper-and-pencil questionnaires as pre-tests and post-tests, whose results are compared against those of "classically" taught control groups, and by studying the transcripts of the student debates that were held in the final session. The observations of a group of trainee-teachers are given, regarding the implementation of the sequence in class. Some directions for developing the research are suggested at the end of the thesis
Benezech, Jean. "Modélisation aux échelles méso- et macroscopique du comportement mécanique de zones singulières de pièces de structure en CMC." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0309.
Full textWoven ceramic matrix composites (CMC) exhibit an intricate multi-scale architecture. To be used as components of aircraft engines, the weaving of such parts could also incorporate specific features compared to « classical » woven CMC as they need to comply with complex geometries. My work focused on a stiffener-like fully woven junction that is made of a complex 3D woven fabric, and whose characteristic size lies at the frontier between the mesoscopic and the macroscopic scales, i.e. where scale separation hypothesis is not applicable.I have first developed an experimental device to perform shear/bending tests on the woven junction. These tests not only allowed to gain significant knowledge about the mechanical behavior of such part, but also to highlight the interplay between the load, material architecture and damage mechanisms that is particularly significant in the case of the woven junction. Therefore, numerical prediction of the mechanical behavior of the woven junction necessitates a sound knowledge of its inner structure.With this aim, I have developed an original segmentation method to build realistic numerical models of textile composites, using X-ray micro-computed tomography and a prior geometric model. The procedure includes a global-local heuristic to iteratively improve the resemblance of the initial model. This approach allowed to build “digital twins” of the woven junction. A conformal tetrahedral image-based mesh could then be obtained as the resulting models are free of interpenetration. Mesoscale FE simulations, including non-linear behavior laws of the yarns and matrix, allowed to predict the maximal load leading to the first damage events, and to reproduce accurately the damage localization and its interaction with the architecture.However, with such level of details incorporated in the model, the simulations necessitate significant computational resources. An approximate macro-scale description may be sufficient to evaluate the elastic properties, or even to simulate damage initiation. Therefore, we have proposed a meso-informed macroscopic modelling framework where the behaviour of the macro-elements is derived from the knowledge of the local direction and volume fraction of constituents, thanks to the digital twin. The effective behaviour of the macro-elements is obtained through an equivalent lamina. This method drastically reduces the size of the model while preserving an approximate description of the underlying local anisotropy and heterogeneities. With respect to the damage initiation, the meso-informed macroscopic model accurately reproduced the results obtained using the reference mesoscale model, as long as the filtering size remains comparable to the yarn size. This allowed to propose an optimal modelling framework with an adequate level of description of meso-details and acceptable computational requirements.Finally, I have used these models to thoroughly compare the numerical simulations with the experimental results: variabilities of experimental boundary conditions have been analyzed, as well as the influence of specific heterogeneities related to the fabrication process. We have also used this framework to explore different weaving patterns in order to obtain an optimal design of the woven junction
Stamati, Olga. "Effet des hétérogénéités sur le comportement mécanique du béton à l'échelle mésoscopique : apports de la micro-tomographie à rayons-x in-situ combinée à une modélisation E-FEM." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI023.
Full textThis doctoral thesis investigates the impact of the meso-scale heterogeneities of concrete (aggregates and macro-pores) on its macroscopic mechanical response. A combined numerical and experimental approach is adopted to study the progressive evolution of the 3D fracturing processes of micro-concrete specimens under uniaxial tension, uniaxial compression and triaxial compression. Part of the originality of this work lies in the exploration of multiple loading paths on concrete samples of realistic composition (including cement, sand, aggregates and water) and in the in-situ nature of the experiments conducted. The experimental campaign is performed inside an x-ray scanner, which allows the internal structure of the material to be non-destructively captured and its evolution from the intact (before loading) until the damaged (after unloading) state to be followed and quantified. The 3D images coming from the x-ray scans are first analysed in order to quantitatively describe the morphology of the meso-structure (aggregates, mortar matrix and macro-pores). A timeseries analysis of the set of 3D images coming from each in-situ test follows, in order to measure the 3D kinematic fields (displacement and strain fields) throughout the experiments. On the numerical side, the identified morphologies coming from the intact x-rays scans are given as an input to a FE meso-model with enhanced discontinuities. The originality of the numerical simulations comes from their 3D nature and the consideration of the actual meso-structure of the micro-concrete specimens, based on the segmentation of the three phases of the material. After a calibration of the model in uniaxial tension, its predictive ability is challenged under different stress paths in compression. An extensive comparison is presented between experimental and numerical observations, in terms of macroscopic responses, displacement fields, fracturing processes and failure patterns. The typical asymmetric behaviour of concrete in tension and compression, as well as the increase of strength and ductility with the increase of confinement are sufficiently captured numerically. Starting from an x-ray scan, it is shown that the model is able to satisfactorily reproduce some of the basic characteristic features of the failure modes observed experimentally for the different loading paths studied. While validating the numerical results and through a combination of numerical and experimental observations, the significant impact of the meso-scale heterogeneities on the local failure mechanisms is revealed. It is shown that, for the studied material, the shape and location of the largest aggregates and macro-pores are essentially driving the fracture patterns under simple tension, simple compression and triaxial compression. The predictive ability of the model strongly suggests that the explicit representation of these heterogeneities is the key feature that allows this predictive power. A further insight into the impact of the meso-structure is obtained by investigating virtual concrete morphologies, generated by modifying the real meso-structures coming from the x-ray scans
Scheibert, Julien. "Mécanique du contact aux échelles mésoscopiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172935.
Full textLa mesure MEMS a permis d'obtenir les champs de contrainte sous charge normale et en glissement stationnaire, en très bon accord avec des modèles mécaniques simples. Pour des substrats de rugosité périodique le lien entre spectre des contraintes et topographie de surface a pu être interprété en termes de filtrage spectral, pertinent pour comprendre la perception tactile.
La mesure optique a permis, en analysant la répartition spatiale de l'intensité, d'obtenir le champ de pression de surface. Sa dépendance avec les propriétés de la couche rugueuse a été confrontée au modèle de Greenwood-Tripp. Par suivi des aspérités, le champ de déplacement a été mesuré avec une résolution sub-micronique et a mis en évidence la coexistence de zones glissantes et adhérentes prédite par Cattaneo et Mindlin.
Charmetant, Adrien. "Approches hyperélastiques pour la modélisation du comportement mécanique de préformes tissées de composites." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00706212.
Full textMoustacas, Hélène. "Modélisation et simulation du comportement de mèches de fibres de carbone à l'échelle mésoscopique pour l'analyse du comportement de préformes tissées interlock." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC062.
Full textThe increasing use of 3D interlock woven preforms for the manufacturing of composite parts in aircraft industry createsnew requirements for modelling and simulation to optimize these structures. In order to simulate the mechanicalbehaviour of 3D interlock woven preforms for fan blades, this work is aimed at developing a model at mesoscopic scaleable to represent the behaviour of carbon fibre tows, specially when submitted to transverse compression. In order tounderstand the mechanisms involved in this kind of loading, simulations have been performed at the scale of theirelementary components, using a macro-filament model. A higher order beam model, based on a polynomial expansion to anyorder with respect to transverse coordinates, has been proposed. A new approach for detecting and modelling frictionalcontact interactions between higher order beams with highly deformable cross-sections has been developed. Finally, ahybrid rheological model, suited to the higher order beam model, in the form of a combination of various elementaryhyperelastic models (transversely isotropic Saint-Venant, 2D neo-hookean and exponential), has been proposed to fit themechanical response identified under transverse compression tests
Liu, Yang. "Multi-scale damage modelling of 3D textile reinforced composites including microstructural variability generation and meso-scale reconstruction." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10089.
Full text3D textile reinforced composites have gained extensive application in many industrial domains by taking their excellent mechanical properties and neat-shape manufacturing. However, lack of understanding in material behaviour might be limiting factors at the design stage. One of these limits is the complexity of the multi-scale phenomena which play a critical role in predicting the material response. In order to tackle this problem, the systematic and detailed investigations are required at different material scales. Therefore, this work addresses to study 3D composites alternating and combining numerical simulations and experimental observations at different material scales. Experiments were carried out to provide twofold parameters: material properties and required geometrical reconstruction parameters. X-ray tomography was employed to inspect the intact samples. Electronic and optical microscopy techniques have been used in order to investigate in details the yarn cross-sections at initial states and eventual damages mechanisms accumulated during mechanical tests. All those observations allowed choosing numerical strategies at different material scales. Thus, at the micro-scale, the modified molecular dynamics algorithm has been developed and tested on RVE and irregular cross-section yarns. The results show great capacity and originality in the generation of the microstructural variability. Consequently, at the meso-scale, the reconstruction strategy was chosen which allowed representing real mesostructure of the composites. This modelling technique has great importance in the prediction of the material response, especially at the non-linear stage
Giraud, Romain. "Effets quantiques mésoscopiques d'ions de terres rares faiblement couplés." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007452.
Full textDidier, Nicolas. "L'effet Josephson dans les supraconducteurs et les gaz quantiques." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10236.
Full textWith the recent technical breakthroughs, physicists fully play with the beauty of quantum mechanics. In this theoretical work on the mesoscopic Josephson effect, we take advantage of the collaborations with experimentalists as well as the exchanges between the cold atoms and condensed matter communities. We consider various systems based on the Josephson junction, beginning with its quantum description in the underdamped regime. Using the Keldysh formalism, we obtain the current-voltage characteristics from the classical to the zero temperature regime and the quantum Smoluchowski equation in the quasi-classical limit. We then study the quantum dynamics of a phase qubit realized with a SQUID in a novel configuration where tunneling events occur through two quartic barriers. The escape rate in this camel-back potential, calculated with the instantons technique, allows us to describe the experiments. Circuit quantum electrodynamics predicts that a lasing effect appears when a qubit is coupled to a resonant cavity. We consider the case of a charge qubit and also that of a transmon which exploits the Purcell effect. With the Lindbladian we obtain the density matrix from which we derive the spectrum of the output field. Finally, we study a gas of cold atoms in a ring shape trap comprising a barrier, thus creating a Bose Josephson junction. The low energy physics is described through the correlation functions with the Luttinger liquid theory. We show that the quantum fluctuations in the ring induce a renormalization of the Josephson energy
Sierra, Sanchez Patricia. "MODELISATION DE LA DISPERSION ET L'EVAPORATION DE SPRAYS DANS DES CHAMBRES DE COMBUSTION AERONAUTIQUES." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00701105.
Full textGrail, Gaël. "Approche multimodèle pour la conception de structures composites à renfort tissé." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919198.
Full textValance, Stéphane. "Aspects mécaniques du changement de phase allotropique à l'échelle mésoscopique." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0101/these.pdf.
Full textThe prediction of the mechanical state of steel structures submit to thermo-mechanical loading must take into account consequences of allotropic phase change. Indeed, phase change induce, at least for steels, a mechanism of TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) leading to irreversible deformation even for loading less than elastic yield limit. Homogeneized analytical models generally fail to achieve a correct prediction for complex loading. In order to overcome these difficulties, we present a model achieving a sharper description of the phenomenon. The mesoscopic working scale we adopt here is the grain scale size. Hence, we consider that the behaviour of each phase is homogenous in the sense of continuous media mechanic, whereas the front is explicitly described. We work both experimentally and numerically. Experimentally, we designed a test facility enabling thermo mechanical loading of the sample under partial vacuum. Acquisition of sample surface while martensitic transformation is happening leads, under some hypothesis and thanks to Digital Image Correlation, to the partial identification of area affected by transformation. Numerically, the eXtended Finite ElementMethod is applied for weakly discontinuous displacement fields. Used of this method needs to numerically track the transformation front -discontinuity support. In that goal, based on level set method, we develop FEM numerical scheme enabling recognition and propagation of discontinuity support. Finally, this work is complete by an approach of driving forces introduced through Eshelbian mechanics which are dual of front velocity. Keywords : allotropic phase change, TRansformation Induced Plasticity, eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM), Level set method
Didier, Nicolas. "L'effet Josephson dans les supraconducteurs et les gaz quantiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459413.
Full textFlorimond, Charlotte. "Contributions à la modélisation mécanique du comportement de mèches de renforts tissés à l'aide d'un schéma éléments finis implicite." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0136/document.
Full textSimulating the manufacturing process of woven preforms is a major stack for understanding the development of composite materials, used in high performance industries. The effect of the weaving loom on the preforms is very important to caracterize their mechanicals properties. Experimental tests are realised to identify the physical phenomenon. Different deformation modes are studied : elongation, compaction, shear and distortion. The bending and friction behavior are also important to understand the effect of weaving process. Two constitutive laws are considered : a hypoelastic law and a hyperelastic law. An analyse of their properties is presented, and their implementation in a commercial software, ABAQUS/Standard, is detailed. In this purpose, two subroutines can be used. The modelisation of the mechanical behavior of the tows is finally realised with a transversely isotropic hyperelastic St-Venant model, with the subroutine ABAQUS/Standard UANISOHYPER_INV. To conclude, an identification method is presented and the simulated results are compared to experimental tests. The obtained consitutive behavior is finally used to simulate the weaving process
Erzar, Benjamin. "Ecaillage, cratérisation et comportement en traction dynamique des bétons sous impact : approches expérimentales et modélisation." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ043S.
Full textConcrete is a material widely used for constructions like bridges, nuclear power stations or bunkers. These buildings can be subjected to dynamic loadings such as industrial accidents or projectile-impacts. Consequently a good knowledge of the mechanical behaviour of concrete is a significant safety issue. This work aims to study the damage mechanisms activated in concrete structures under a projectile-impact or a blast loading. First, numerical simulation of impact tests reveals the significance of the dynamic tensile behaviour of concrete targets to simulate accurately their response under impact. Few test data are available in the open literature for strain rates up to 10^2/s. Nevertheless, these results are dispersed: at 100/s, the dynamic increase factor (DIF, dynamic strength to static strength ratio) varies from 5 for one author to 10 for another. The rate sensitivity of concrete has been studied in LPMM over a wide range of strain rates by means of direct tensile tests on a high-speed hydraulic device (10^-5/s <-> 1/s) and using spalling experiments up to 150/s. For this last technique, numerical simulations have been performed to optimize the loading and get a transient but homogeneous tensile loading within the concrete specimen. Moreover computations have been used to evaluate and validate the data processing. Then, experiments have been carried out on two concretes: a microconcrete (MB50) with a fine mesostructure adapted to laboratory testing (= 2mm) and a concrete (R30A7) which is representative of a standard concrete with a compressive strength of 30 MPa and a maximum aggregate size of 8 mm. In each experiment, a particular attention has been devoted to the moisture of the tested specimen. Several spalling experiments have been conducted on dried and re-infiltrated specimens. These experiments have been used to understand the difference of dynamic tensile strength between wet and dry concrete observed by several authors. In parallel these materials have been subjected to edge-on impact tests in two configurations: * Sarcophagus configuration: the concrete plate is encapsulated in an aluminium box allowing keeping fragments near their initial position. The specimen can be recovered post mortem and infiltrated by a hyperfluid resin to reveal the damage induced by the impact. * Open configuration: a high speed camera is used to record the fragmentation process. A digital image correlation (DIC) software called CorreliQ4 developed at LMT Cachan has been applied to realise full-field measurements to identify cracks development and propagation during the test. Another impact test has been proposed: the cratering test has been used to study the penetration of a projectile in a concrete target. Again, the DIC technique allowed performing displacement measurements. It shows that, in this test, the material erosion is a local process. All the experimental data can be used to assess the accuracy of a modelling approach. In this work, the "multiple fragmentation" model proposed by Denoual-Forquin-Hild has been used to simulate spalling and edge-on impact experiments. This model based on a micromechanical description of the fragmentation process allows predicting the maximum tensile strength and the cracking density in the specimen. Each parameter may be evaluated by specific experiments. The model has been implemented in Abaqus/explicit via a user subroutine. Numerical simulations of spalling tests and EOI tests showed a good agreement with experimental results. Nevertheless the modelling did not allow reproducing the cohesion (residual strength) observed in several experiments. To improve the numerical predictions a mesoscopic approach has been employed to simulate the dynamic experiments performed on the standard concrete. In this method, aggregates and matrix are differentiated. Here, aggregates have been supposed perfectly elastic and the behaviour of the matrix phase has been identified using homogenization methods
Ong, Florian. "Étude de supraconducteurs mésoscopiques par nanocalorimetrie." Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10136.
Full textNanocalorimetric measurements have been carried out on systems composed of arrays of mesoscopic superconductors: aluminium rings and disks of size close to the aluminum coherence length at zero temperature(ξ [ksi] (O)\approx 160 nm). We show that the heat capacity C ofthese systems is modulated by a perpendicular applied magnetic field H; this is the first time that a thermal signature of the mesoscopic nature of such systems is reported. The shape, period, pseudo-period or amplitude of the observed modulations of C depend on the size of the systems as weil as on their geometry or topology. Far from the critical temperature, the oscillations C are due to the penetration or the expulsion ofvortices, such as the fluxoid remains quantized in units of φ [phi]O=h/2e, the superconducting flux quantum. Our measurements of C can be understood in the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau theory; from this we learn that occupied states are mostly metastable ones,leading to unexpected periodicities of C(H) and t interesting hysteretical features. Closer to the critical temperature, oscillations of C(H) are attributed to the Little-Parks effect, i. E. The φ [phi] 0-periodical oscillation of the critical temperature of a ring or of a cylinder trapping a magnetic flux. The experiments we present are the first experimental demonstrations of this effect carried out on a mesoscopic sample without connecting it to electron reservoirs
Politano, Olivier. "Simulations mésoscopiques de la déformation plastique des monocristaux C. F. C. Sous contrainte." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS066.
Full textGoujon, Florent. "Simulations numériques mésoscopiques de brosses de polymères sous compression et cisaillement." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21459.
Full textBassoumi, Amal. "Analyse et modélisation du choix des renforts pour optimiser la mise en forme de matériaux composites à base de fibres végétales." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2053.
Full textThis thesis is halfway between the study of the deformability of woven structures and the use of flax fibre as reinforcement of composite materials. The first aim of the study is the experimental characterization of the bending behaviour of tows with different structures made of flax fibres and fabrics with different weaves. Parameters such as relative humidity and the composition (100% flax and commingled tows) were also considered. The second aim of the study is to link the bending behaviour of the fabric to the bending behaviour of its constituent tows. This part starts with the geometric modelling of woven fabrics in order to follow the variation of its section in the bending direction. Mesoscopic modelling allows the analytical calculation of the geometric properties of the fabric in particular its moment of inertia. The results obtained were used in the simulation of the fabrics bending to see how far the behaviour depends on the tows bending behaviour and the moment of inertia. The bending behaviour of the fabric seems to be approached satisfactorily from these two factors. This is verified within the range of lengths considered except for high humidity (in this case, other phenomena must be considered). The study pointed out that the difference between two reinforcements tested experimentally can be predicted numerically. Thus, the fabrics designer will be able to anticipate the experimental bending stiffness of the fabric in order to adapt the weaving to the shape forming. A parametric study of the bending was also achieved in order to deduce the most influential parameters of the fabric for an appropriate weaving
Chevrier, Pierre. "Mécanique et mésomécanique de l'écaille : Essais expérimentaux et critères de rupture : Etude d'un alliage d'aluminium et d'un acier de blindage." Metz, 1998. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1998/Chevrier.Pierre.SMZ9854.pdf.
Full textA special case of dynamic fracture is spallation of materials exposed to high-rate loading' Spall fracture results from the tension produced by the interaction of propagating rarefaction waves. Such waves can be caused by the impact of projectile against a target. In this case, the initial compressive stress wave traveling across the target reflects back at the free surface as a propagating tensile wave. A similar process, appositely directed, occurs in the flyer plate. The superposition of the propagating tensile wave fronts, when of sufficient intensity (amplitude) and time duration, can cause partial or complete separation of the material along a plane perpendicular to the direction of wave fronts. Mechanisms of dynamic fracture are generally dependant on strain rate, stress state, loading history, initial temperature and also microstructure. A setup for plate impact experiment has been completed within this work. This setup is composed of a high pressure gas launcher which is controlled entirely by a computer and an autornaton. All plate impact experiments can be performed in vacuum at different impact velocities from 50 m. S. -1 to 600 m. S. -1. It has permitted to obtain and analyze different stages of spall fracture for several loading times between 0. 8 [mu]s and 2. 6 [mu]s for two different materials : aluminum alloy 7020-T6 and armor steel Mars 190. Numerous observations of spall surfaces and profiles allowed to show that nucleation, growth and coalescence of microvoids or microcracks play the most important role in the fracture process. The effect of initial temperature on the threshold stress of spalling have been studied via a literature survey. All those experimental data allowed to modify the cumulative criterion based on Boltzmann statistics, proposed by Klepaczko, in order to take into account the temperature effects. A new meso-model is also developed in order to estimate particular contributions of quasi-brittle fracture and shear fracture to the total critical stress. This work provides some answers how to model and simulate the spall fracture and more generally the dynamic fracture
Belotserkovets, Anastasia. "Vers une prédiction du profil de rugosité à l'échelle mésoscopique lors de l'opération de laminage à froid." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4eafb7c6-c646-43cb-aa41-1654ba11f8dd.
Full textAn original methodology, which takes into account the presence of lubricant during cold rolling, is developed in order to reduce friction and to better control workpiece final roughness. To supply this model, it is essential to know the rheology of the strip as one of the blasted layer. It is given by an inverse methodology using FEM and Vickers test. To make it possible to determine plastic deformation behaviour, a relation between the mechanical conditions of contact is established from the finite elements model. The cold rolling model involves the strip with its asperities, the lubricant and the working roll. The strip asperities are modelled in 2D (trapezoidal shape) forming valleys and plateaus. A fluid-structure strong coupling is proposed to study the flattening of steel strip asperity during a cold rolling sequence. First the fluid pressure is obtained using a fluid structure model. This pressure is hydrostatic one. Then the dynamic effect of the fluid flow is added using an updating of the volume. This is obtained using local Reynolds’ equation. The lubricant flows through the secondary roughness of the top of the asperities. Thus, the volume of lubricant trapped and its pressure are updated on the cold rolling model. During computations, the asperity is deformed from the entry to the exit to obtain its final shape. Global parameters such as front, back tensions, speeds are taken into account but also rheological (fluid, solid) and tribological behaviours. The proposed methodology is applied to determine the strip surface profile after rolling. It makes it possible to determine the conditions of the cold rolling more adapted to better control strip final roughness
Sansal, Christophe de. "Plasticité et effet de taille dans les polycristaux à grains micrométriques : simulations mésoscopiques et modélisation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1042.
Full textPetrişor, Traian. "Structures magnétiques modulés pour le pinning magnétique dans les supraconducteurs à haute température." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10086/document.
Full textThe present thesis deals with the fabrication and study of hybrid, ferromagnetic/superconducting, interface systems. Magnetic mezoscopic systems, whose magnetic properties were modulated by the dimensionality (thickness and lateral size) of the systems was studied. Two types of structures were considered. The first consisted of perovskite-like epitaxial LaSrMnO thin films. We have demonstrated the direct correlation between oxygen incorporation in the LaSrMnO lattice and the evolution of its structural, magnetic and electric properties. A second class of magnetic materials that has been studied consisted of transition metals (Co) and alloys (Ni80Fe20). We have defined micronic objects from the as-deposited films, by means of optical lithography and ion beam etching. These structures were then integrated to form an interface with thin epitaxial high Tc superconducting films: YBaCuO. The ultimate goal of the above studies was the control of vortex dynamics within the superconducting layer by two mechanisms: the first, intrinsic, in which flux pinning is achieved by structural defects within the superconducting film, and a second one, extrinsic, correlated with influence of the magnetic field modulations created by the adjacent mezoscopic magnetic structure
Tekitek, Mohamed Mahdi. "Identification de modèles et de paramètres pour la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207541.
Full textLa première partie introduit et analyse la méthode.
La deuxième partie décrit une approche variationnelle pour l'assimilation de paramètres relatifs à la méthode du gaz de Boltzmann sur réseau. Une méthode adjointe discrète en temps est développée. L'algorithme est d'abord testé sur un écoulement de type Poiseuille linéaire (problème de Stokes), puis il est appliqué à un problème non linéaire. Des résultats encourageants sont obtenus pour un et deux paramètres inconnus.
Finalement la troisième partie décrit une adaptation des couches absorbantes de Bérenger. Il en résulte un modèle d'automate de Boltzmann à neuf vitesses discrètes. Une analyse des ondes réfléchies est ensuite réalisée entre deux milieux de Boltzmann à une dimension, ce qui permet d'obtenir un équivalent des formules de Fresnel pour les schémas de Boltzmann et de proposer des modifications du schéma à l'interface pour annuler les ondes réfléchies. En deux dimensions, la même analyse d'ondes réfléchies met en évidence l'apparition de modes de Knudsen et des ondes transverses qui rendent l'analyse complexe.
Essongue-Boussougou, Simon. "Méthode des éléments finis augmentés pour la rupture quasi-fragile : application aux composites tissés à matrice céramique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0018/document.
Full textComputing the lifetime of woven Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) requires evaluating the crack density in the material (which can reach 10 mm-1). Numerical simulations at the mesoscopic scale are needed to precisely estimate it. Embedded Finite Element Methods (EFEM) seem to be the most appropriate to do so. They allow for a discrete representation of cracks with no additional degrees of freedom.We chose to work with an EFEM free from local iterations named the Augmented Finite Element Method (AFEM). Improvements over the original AFEM have been proposed. We also demonstrated that, under one hypothesis, the AFEM and the classical Finite Element Method (FEM) are fully equivalent. We then compare the accuracy of the AFEM and the classical FEM to represent weak and strong discontinuities. Finally, some examples of application of AFEM to CMC are given
Rocher, Jean-Emile. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation à l’échelle mésoscopique du comportement de tissus 3D de mèches comélées." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2035/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the European project 3D-LightTrans whose objectives are the large scale and low-cost manufacturing of composite parts. To achieve these goals, semi-finished products in the form of 3D fabrics of commingled yarns were produced. The purpose of this work is to characterize the mechanical behavior of these fabrics in order to investigate their formability and be able to predict their behavior during the forming processes used for the manufacturing of composite parts. The first objective of the work was to characterize experimentally the 3D fabrics mechanical behavior. A state of the art was realized in order to define the types and test parameters to use. The analysis of these test results allowed to highlight the specific 3D fabrics mechanical behaviour. The second objective of the work was to model the fabrics behavior using a numerical method. A mesoscopic scale approach having been selected, experimental characterization of the commingled yarns mechanical behavior was necessary. Then, GeoFab software limitations on its use for the generation of CAD models of 3D fabrics unit cells were identified. Improvements to address these limitations have been proposed and their feasibility was demonstrated. A CAD model of a sub part of one of the fabrics unit cell was then generated. After having modeled the commingled yarns behaviour using experimental results, finite element simulations were performed on fabric CAD model and first encouraging results were obtained
Mané, Zélie. "Détermination et étude des mécanismes mésoscopiques responsables de l'usure des caoutchoucs naturels renforcés." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDL0030.
Full textIn soft conditions of driving, wear patterns appear on the tire tread. They are called wear craters and ridges.The aim of this thesis work was to recreate and to study these wear patterns for reinforced elastomers by carbon black or silica on a rotary tribometer in order to explain their mechanisms formation. Parallels were established between the values of mass lost, friction coefficient and the type of wear patterns while taking into account the physico-chemical properties of samples.The study explained the differences between the type of wear patterns generated on reinforced materials by carbon black and those reinforced by silica. Affect parameters on the transition between wear craters and ridges were also studied
Orliac, Jean-Guillaume. "Analyse et simulation du comportement anisotrope lors de la mise en forme de renforts tissés interlock." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00823359.
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