Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mécanique du contact – Environnement'
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Kaiser, Anne-Laure. "Caractérisations tribologiques d'un acier inoxydable y sollicité en impacts-glissement dans un environnement sévère." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T2055_alkaiser.pdf.
Full textSpecific wear of rod cluster control assemblies in pressurized water nuclear reactor (PWR) results from contacts with their guides due to flow-induced vibration. Particular sliding impact contact conditions and specific environment in PWR coupling temperature and solution chemistry involve original mechanism of wear (high wear kinetics, particular wear scars made of numerous indent-like marks with no apparent work hardening in subsurface). Specific tribometers has been developed to reproduce sliding-impacts kinematics in conditions simulating the primary PWR coolant. Primary, a mechanical model of the specific test bench associated to a theorical analysis of sliding impacts lead to determine that asperity stiffnesses control the contact (duration of sliding-impact). Numerous and various wear tests were realized in order to study the influence of the sliding-impact parameters on wear loss and wear facies. An analogy with erosion was done and critical conditions concerning friction coefficient and incidence angle values leading to no wear were found. At least, some surface and subsurface characterizations reveal the presence of a microscopic work hardening under worn surfaces and the existence of singular foliated zones. Thanks to all this work, a mechanical interpretation of indent-like marks formation is proposed
Motamedi, Nikzad. "Vers la prédiction et la compréhension des effets tribologiques sur les performances systèmes par l'intelligence artificielle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN011.
Full textThe contact between two parts, especially when it is induced as in braking systems, needs to be improved and therefore to be better understood. The phenomena involved are complex because they involve multi-scale, multi-physics concepts in a context of constant evolution. An additional difficulty is that the contact is closed, and therefore it is difficult to explicitly observe the interface phenomena that play a major role in the targeted performances (noise pollution, emission of fine particles, wear etc.). In view of the European environmental standards which will be increasingly severe, it is essential to establish new strategies to better understand the problem in its entirety. The team wishes to move towards the coupling of numerical and experimental methods. The "experiment" part is based on dedicated test benches with a rich and fine instrumentation. The "numerical" part is based on multi-scale and multi-physics modeling trying to consider tribological mechanisms within a complete system. One difficulty is to compare (realign) these two parts.Thus, the objective of this PhD thesis is to propose predictive models linking the contact interface with the complete system through artificial intelligence. In the first step, we will try to determine the natural frequencies of a pin-on-disk system by considering any surface for the interface. More precisely, this interface will present a roughness field that will be generated numerically. In the second step, an AI model is developed to predict the contact distribution during a test. This part is based on measurements of a thermocouple array embedded in the near surface friction material during the tests. In the third step, based on experimental acquisitions of the surface profile at different times, a model is proposed to determine the evolution of wear. The AI models specifically developed for these three parts use algorithms such as CNN, GAN, RNN etc. These concepts are not common in the mechanical community, they are illustrated on a simple example of behavior identification in the preamble of this manuscript. In terms of results, the obtained results are very satisfactory when compared to simulation and/or experimental data. This confirms the interest of using AI in order to pass a milestone in the prediction of models. Moreover, AI also allows the understanding and the importance of the input parameters which could be used in the medium term to optimize the system or to drive the tests
Scheibert, Julien. "Mécanique du contact aux échelles mésoscopiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172935.
Full textLa mesure MEMS a permis d'obtenir les champs de contrainte sous charge normale et en glissement stationnaire, en très bon accord avec des modèles mécaniques simples. Pour des substrats de rugosité périodique le lien entre spectre des contraintes et topographie de surface a pu être interprété en termes de filtrage spectral, pertinent pour comprendre la perception tactile.
La mesure optique a permis, en analysant la répartition spatiale de l'intensité, d'obtenir le champ de pression de surface. Sa dépendance avec les propriétés de la couche rugueuse a été confrontée au modèle de Greenwood-Tripp. Par suivi des aspérités, le champ de déplacement a été mesuré avec une résolution sub-micronique et a mis en évidence la coexistence de zones glissantes et adhérentes prédite par Cattaneo et Mindlin.
Matei, Andaluzia Cristina. "Modélisation mathématique en mécanique du contact." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0453.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of some boundary value contact problem, with or without friction, between a body and a foundation. We consider the case of small deformations and we study quasistatic process for elastic, viscoelastic and viscoplastic materials. The results obtained concern the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions as well as the behaviour of the viscoelastic solutions as the viscosity converges to zero. The thesis is structured in four parts. In the first part we present the different mechanical models and we recall some tools of functional analysis. The second part is devoted to the study of viscoelastic frictionless contact problems with normal compliance and Signorini condition. In the third part, we are interested in the study of antiplane problems with Tresca's friction, for linearly elastic and viscoelastic materials. Finally, the fourth part is devoted to the study of viscoplastic contact problems with normal damped response and friction
Laruelle, Sandrine. "Etude du comportement thermique d'un motoréducteur." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI061/document.
Full textEnvironmental concern leads to improvements in both efficiency and power density of electrical motors. For compact transmissions, thermal issues can become critical: the surface available for thermal exchange with the environment is reduced, minimizing the possibility to cool down the elements. To ensure the system reliability, the operating temperature for each operating condition must not exceed the required maximum oil temperature. In order to evaluate its thermal behavior, the whole system should be therefore evaluated in terms of power losses and heat transfer. This PhD proposes a thermal model of an existing oil bath lubricated gear unit with spiral bevel gears. The thermal model uses the thermal network method, which needs an accurate prediction of power losses of the different elements and heat transfer between them. A review of the existing methods is presented. Since the churning losses of spiral bevel gears has never been fully characterized, specific tests have been done on a dedicated test bench. The last part of this work suggests possible improvements on the gearbox design
Mrad, Hatem. "Simulation probabiliste du problème de contact mécanique." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1744.
Full textIn a classical finite element model, physical and material properties as well as the boundary conditions are generally considered as being deterministic and constant in a statistical sense. With this observation in mind, the validity of the solution obtained from such a model could be questionable. However, accepting that the laws of physics evolve randomly raises many questions. To address them, this research project will use the stochastic finite element method to study some academic and industrial applications to analyze the effect of random variation of the parameters of these laws on the solution. The discretization is a key step of this method which contributes to the construction of the matrix system. After applying conditioning technique, it’s possible to build the finite element response after resolution. When the probability is associated with some parameters which constitute this system, then only the finite element discretization is no longer sufficient to produce the new matrix system which has random or stochastic process not already included in the equations. The use of the stochastic finite element method provides the way to include adequate probabilistic technique to makes an efficient reliability and a probabilistic study of the mechanical contact problem
Dubois, Frédéric. "Contact, frottement, grandes déformations élastoplastiques : application à l'emboutissage." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22094.
Full textTaub, Raphaelle. "Assemblages d'objets élancés : mécanique et effets de contact." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP021.
Full textAn object is said to be slender if at least one of its dimensions is small compared to the others. This characteristic makes it possible to impose important deformations on it while remaining in the elastic domain. If we assemble several of these objects, predicting the mechanical response of the assembly requires taking into account contact effects including friction and adhesion. In this thesis, we study two kind of assemblies. The first one is ensemble of plates and the second one of beams. We study in the first part two booklets whose pages are inserted two by two, a type of assembly that has become popular for the impressive results it produces when made with phonebooks. We have characterized the origin of the force that keeps the two booklets interleaved. In the second part we study the compression of a bundle of fibers connected by their ends. We also discuss the link between these experiments and the physics of painting
Oliveira, Seabra Jorge. "Influence de l'ondulation des surfaces sur le comportement des contacts hertziens secs ou lubrifies." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0018.
Full textZaghdoudi, Siham. "Analyse des phénomènes d'usure par choc et frottement." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066639.
Full textHannachi, Fasia. "Modélisation d'un contact électrique soumis à une contrainte mécanique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10444.
Full textPeyruseigt, François. "Optimisation mécanique d'un contact conforme : application aux rotules aéronautiques." Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00001910/01/peyruseigt1.pdf.
Full textThe main problem that occurs on spherical plain bearings is their spherical surfaces wear prediction that can cause their seizure. This wear is linked with the contact pressures field on the spherical bearing surfaces and with the interface tribological behaviour. Several contact pressure optimization tools are copared. To check their representativeness, scattered light photoelasticity and digital volume correlation tests were performed to compare their results to finite element model ones. The tribological behaviour of a spherical plain bearing was studied by performing elementary tests and on scalled bearings to select most efficient couples of coatings for this application. An influence analysis of the bearing design parameters and an optimisation of its spherical profile were performed to highlight improvement ways for the contact pressures distribution particularly for the edge effects attenuation
Chertier, Olivier. "Contact et frottement entre solides déformables en grandes déformations." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22116.
Full textAbadie, Michel. "Simulation dynamique de mécanismes, prise en compte du contact frottant." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20139.
Full textTamine, Tawfik. "Amorçage de fissures par fatigue-contact." Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Tamine.Tawfik.SMZ9418.pdf.
Full textThe present thesis is a contribution to the knowledge of the shelling process caused by a contact fatigue. This phenomenon appears under a surface submitted to a quasi punctual loading and initiates at an inclusion which is the most probable site for crack initiation. The direction of propagation is associated with the stress distribution resulting from a complex loading. To understand this phenomenon, we present : a bibliographical study to collect the different works related to stress concentration, crack initiation criteria and the stress distribution in the vicinity of a defect. An experimental study for the simulation of crack initiation under the three modes of loading. A finite element calculation from which we have derived new initiation criteria. We have shown that they best fit the experimental results by comparison with those given in the literature
Eddhahak-Ouni, Anissa. "Modélisation de l'usure superficielle dans les contacts roulants : mise en place des méthodes adaptées au cas non stationnaire des contacts came galet." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0300.
Full textWear simulation in rolling contact is considered one of the major concerns of designers and industrialists. In order to extend the life time of their mechanical systems, a wear prediction tool has to be developed. The aim of this research is to develop a simplified approach for the description of wear evolution in cam’s track of the plastic bottles blowing machines manufactured by Sidel. Thecycloid shape of the opening/closing cam governs the roller movement and consequently the system kinematics. Thus, roller rotation velocity and normal contact load cam/roller are not stationary, so it’s of interest to be able to describe these transient phenomena as well as the worn profiles of the contacting bodies during time. First, we start the study by presenting a simplified approach for the resolution of the rolling contact problem in steady state. The method reliability is proved when compared with the exact theory and tested on several critical cases. Second, we extend this approach to transient case by taking into account the dynamic feature of both solids. This transient model is fast, its results show a good agreement with the reality. The industrial example of the moulds opening/closing system of the blowing machines is treated making the hypothesis of components stiffness and perfect joints. The Archard’s law is used with a modified version to describe the evolution of worn cam profile versus rollers passages. In the end of this work and in order to describe phenomena in a more realistic way, we investigated the influence of components flexibility in the modelling. Numerical results of non linear dynamic equations are compared with the stiff model to conclude on the effect of the flexibility on the system dynamic response
Caro, Anne-Sophie. "Formulation et résolution des problèmes de contact avec frottement et adhérence en grandes déformations." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX2A001.
Full textOmbede, Guy André. "Analyse de la compliance par Répartition de Puissance Robot : environnement." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0115.
Full textManufacturing tasks required mechanical interaction with the environment or the object being manipulated. In constrained maneuvers, the interaction forces must be accommodated rather than resisted. It is compliant motion theory. A lot of methods have been suggested to solve these requirements. In the axis inherent in this research, energizing considerations are not taken into account in the global system which involves the robot and his environment during task execution. In this thesis, we modelize the interaction in terms of power waves flowing between the robot and the environment. After describing the couple robot environment as a Norton circuit, we use the Scattering approach to analyze the exchanged powers in the circuit then this approach is used to choose the best parameters of the controller which ensure the maximum transfer of average power from robot to environment. The impedance of robot is matched to the impedance of environment
Kheris, Fatah. "Gestion innovante du contact pour l'analyse mécanique des assemblages complexes." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2021.
Full textIn this work, we propose a remeshing technique based on node to node contact surfaces in order to enhance the robustness and the performance of 3D contact analysis by finite elements. Previous works have shown that the computation of contact forces at the interface could be improved if nodes at the interface are coincident, especially in the case of the contact patch test introduced by Papadopoulos and Taylor. In addition, in a master-slave formulation, projection problems introduce a dissymmetry in the resolution and may impede the convergence of the analysis, and even if there are some attribution rules between the master surface and the slave surface, there are still some problems to deal with. The creation of compatible meshes at the interface greatly simplifies the geometrical aspects of contact analysis especially in 3D. In a prior approach, contact areas are detected while using the surface mesh of the frontiers only. Contact elements are removed and compatible meshes at the surface interface are created. Contact areas are supposed to be developable but not necessary planar and the prior surface remeshing is based on the unfolding of the areas into contact. If necessary, the surface mesh at the interface can be refined in order to increase the accuracy of the computation, especially in curved areas. Surfaces into contact are interpolated by diffuse approximation what enables to relocate the newly created nodes with respect to the curvature of the initial surfaces. 3D elements connected to surface nodes into contact are removed and a local remeshing of the cavity is performed with unstructured tetrahedral mesh. Since the procedure is local, the cost of the overall process is greatly reduced. Experience shows that a high number of contact areas can be handled with this technique
Yastrebov, Vladislav. "Mécanique numérique du contact : géométrie, détection et techniques de résolution." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00657305.
Full textThe goal of this work is to derive a consistent framework for the treatment of contact problems within the Finite Element Method using the Node-to-Segment discretization. Three main components of the computational contact have been considered: geometry, detection and resolution techniques. For the sake of completeness, the mechanical aspects of contact as well as numerous numerical algorithms and methods have been discussed. A new mathematical formalism called "s-structures" has been employed through the entire dissertation. It results in a comprehensive coordinate-free notations and provides an elegant apparatus, available for other mechanical and physical applications. Several original ideas and extensions of standard techniques have been proposed and implemented in the finite element software ZéBuLoN (ZSeT). Numerical case studies, presented in the dissertation, demonstrate the performance and robustness of the employed detection and resolution schemes
Yastrebov, Vladislav. "Mécanique numérique du contact : géométrie, détection et techniques de résolution." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00657305.
Full textSenouci, Abdelhak. "Etude théorique et expérimentale du comportement tribologique d'un contact électrique cuivre/acier." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2278.
Full textDiop, Thierno. "Résolution itérative de problèmes de contact frottant de grande taille." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34968.
Full textSolving friction contact problems is of great importance in many engineering applications. For these applications, the accuracy and the optimization of the calculation cost are imperative but often contradictory. Industrial problems generally involve complex and three-dimensional geometries composed of materials that exhibit non-linear behavior. Consequently, using the finite element method, they lead to large-scale non linear discrete problems and, after linearization, to algebraic systems of several thousand or even millions of unknowns and ultimately tocalculations needing iterative methods. This implies that the frequently used methods, the penalization and the augmented Lagrangian, are to be banned because of their negative effect on the condition number of the underlying discrete systems and thus on the convergence of theiterative methods. We will propose an efficient iterative approach to solve the contact problems associated with industrial applications: a resolution allowing to have accurate numerical results in an acceptable computation time.This approach will be based on the method of Lagrange multiplier and a method for solving the associated linear system that is not quite standard. The latter is part of an iterative, multi-level process that represents the main contribution of the thesis. We will present the adopted strategy, which is different from what is found in the literature, for the resolution of saddle-type problems and will make a complete study of it. To validate our approach, we will study academic numerical examples of classical contact problems. We will also present some large-scale industrial problems in order to illustrate the efficiency, accuracy and computation performance of the method developed in this thesis.
Elyoussoufi, Tamaa Lai͏̈la. "Contact unilatéral avec frottement sec en milieux continus discrétisés." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20103.
Full textKounoudji, Komla Apelete. ""Intimité tribologique" des contacts d'un assemblage boulonné. Contrôle du serrage, du dévissage, ...des assemblages d'aéro-structures et conséquences sur leur conception." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI055/document.
Full textSince the use of bolts in the fifteenth century to assemble two parts, the bolted assemblies have the interrogations according to the understanding of their operating and failures occurring, such as the variation of the clamping force leading to, self-loosening, loss of sealing performance, cracks initialization, ... In order to understand their operating, a methodology focused on tribological approach was established, enabling to disassemble a bolted assembly without loosen its, allowing to not change the contact conditions during loosening. So, all the bolted assemblies interfaces (nut/screw ‘‘threads’’ and ‘‘others than threads’’) constituting tribological triplets, have been studied according to the three stages of their full life-cycle (manufacturing, tightening and service) using configurations of different materials. An interactive dialogue between the experiments (fields measuring by digital images correlation, tribological analysis) and the numerical simulation (Finite Element Method, Discrete Element Method) has led to interpretations about the three stages. During the manufacturing, the rolling of screws generates tribological superficial transformations in subsurfaces of machined threads. Contrariwise, inside the volume of these machined screws, there is no tribological transformation. So, this manufacturing process creates a difference of microstructure in these screws, that could be a source of their fatigue properties destruction. During the tightening, it produces at ‘‘threads’’ interface a ‘‘dry-solid’’ mixture of third bodies, accommodating the speed jump between the screw and the nut. This mixture is the result of a reactivity between a grease used for bolted tightening and the particles, detached by plastic flow from a coating initially applied on the threads of nuts and/or bolts. At the end of the process, a part of the mixture remains trapped in the threads, playing the role of maintaining the clamping force. In these conditions, it appears that the friction varies depending of the rheology of the mixture, conditioning the variation of the clamping force. In service, contact instabilities (slip, peeling off, ...) have been identified in the interfaces. These instabilities lead to the formation of an oxidized third body in ‘‘others than threads’’ interfaces. This oxidized third body represents a surplus of material and can increase mechanical stresses in the assemblies. In the nut/screw ‘‘threads’’ interface, it was found that if the mixture of third bodies trapped during the tightening stage is not cohesive, it is extruded, initializing the loss of clamping force. Based on the findings, the interactions between multiple tribological circuits lead to converge to a scenario of bolted assemblies operating, allowing to solve their failures by re-designing (create discharge grooves, ...)
Voisin, Jean-Marc. "Méthodologie pour l'étude de l'endommagement d'un contact tube-grille : Texte imprimé." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECDL0049.
Full textDRAGON, LOUISET MARTA. "Contribution a une approche theorique de la mecanique de l'usure." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EPXX0031.
Full textBoucly, Vincent. "Semi-analytical modeling of the transient thermal-elastic-plastic contact and its application to asperity collision, wear and running-in of surfaces." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0065/these.pdf.
Full textLe champ de contraintes au sein des composants de machines est un indicateur important de défaillance due au contact. Dans ce travail, une analyse transitoire et tridimensionnelle est réalisée. Un algorithme rapide et robuste est proposé pour la résolution du contact vertical, roulant et glissant. La première partie de ce travail décrit l’algorithme utilisé pour formuler le contact vertical, qui peut être traité en imposant soit une charge, soit un déplacement. La manière de traiter le roulement et le glissement de deux corps en contact consiste à résoudre le contact thermo-élasto-plastique à chaque pas de temps en mettant à jour les géométries ainsi que l’écrouissage le long de la direction de roulement. L’application à la collision entre deux aspérités sphériques en glissement simple est développée. Finalement un modèle pour la prédiction de l’usure et du rodage basé sur l’enlèvement de matière durant un chargement cyclique est proposé
Linck, Vannina. "Modélisation numérique temporelle d'un contact frottant : mise en évidence d'instabilités locales de contact : conséquences tribologiques." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0048/these.pdf.
Full textThe contact with friction between two bodies can lead to the phenomena of vibration and wear. The global contact conditions (velocities, load) are usually stable, and thus cannot explain these phenomena. A temporal study of the local contact dynamics (local velocities, local contact stresses…) and of the tribological state of the contact interface (sticking, slipping or separated) highlighted the generation of instabilities (presence on the contact surface of sticking, sliding or separation zones) in the contact despite constant global parameters and a constant local friction coefficient. Due to the instabilities, the local velocities and pressures are greater than the applied ones. The instabilities are characterized by the propagation in the volume of the wave generated at the interface. The regime of the instabilities can be different due to the material, the mechanism… (regime of stick-slip, stickslip- separation or slip-separation). Tribological consequences (heat dissipation, impact, pressure…) are different from one regime to another
Pinto, Yves. "Contact et frottement en grandes déformations plastiques : application au serre-flan en emboutissage." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11294.
Full textFarcas, Anca. "Opérateurs linéaires positifs et opérateurs de mémoire en mécanique du contact." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1158.
Full textAttia, Houda. "Modélisation multi-échelles du comportement mécanique des câbles textiles." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0018/document.
Full textTextile ropes made of tows of filaments twisted together can be used as reinforcements for composites.The global nonlinear mechanical behavior of these ropes is largely controlled by contact-frictioninteractions taking place between elementary fibers. A finite element code, called Multifil, has beendeveloped in order to simulate the mechanical behavior of such fibrous material. However, due tocomputational costs, the use of this approach is limited to structures made of few hundred fibers,whereas ropes in the scope of our study are formed of few thousand fibers.The purpose of this work is to develop a multi-scale approach for modeling textile ropes with ahuge number of fibers, in order to compute the global behavior of these structures while approachingthe local stresses at the fibers scale. This strategy is based on the development of a simplified modelof macrofibers to solve the problem at the macroscopic scale, and the formulation of a problem at themicroscopic scale driven by relevant macroscopic quantities. Phenomena originating at microscopicscale, and particularly the densification of fibers, are accounted for at the macroscopic scale throughand adapted contact law. Parameters of this law are adjusted so as to obtain a good agreement betweenthe densities determined at macroscopic and microscopic scales
Véron, Philippe. "Techniques de simplification de modèles polyédriques pour un environnement de conception mécanique." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0194.
Full textFlorez, Marin Juan Manuel. "Contributions à la commande d'un comanipulateur sériel au contact avec un environnement mobile." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066441.
Full textIn beating heart surgery, organs motions may hamper the surgeon's gesture. Ideally, surgical robots should sens physiological motions and compensate them automatically. The solutions available in the literature are unable to do so mainly because the difficulty of successfully modeling the organ's behavior. The main objective of this thesis is to propose some control strategies to minimize undesired force application over an organ but at the same time allowing an operator to perform its surgical gesture without disturbance in the context of beating heart surgery. In this manuscript, the proposed solution consisting of learning an interaction model between instrument and environment without any a priori knowledge of the nature of such contact is evaluated in simulation. Then, by designing, building and characterizing a hand-held 1 dof instrument meant for beating heart surgery, the problem of how operator regulates the force he applies with an ideally null impedance instrument became evident. Therefore, we proposed an admittance control strategy with force feedback which is suitable for serial comanipulation of such a device. Experimental validation of this strategy drove us to notice of the importance of the way that an operator regulates his arm's impedance to the efficiency of the surgical gesture. Finally, we analysed some biomechanical aspects of impedance regulation of the human arm. We were able to propose some recommendations for the design of interaction control strategies between the human, the instrument and the environment
Beleca, Irimescu Luminita. "Déplacement relatif et frottement à l'interface d'un contact élastique." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0067/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study theoretically and experimentally the friction in an elastic contact subjected to rolling or sliding (fretting). In a normally loaded elliptical contact, the friction stems from two factors: micro-slip between the contacting surfaces and the elastic hysteresis. In order to evaluate the friction induced by micro-slip, an analytical model was developed by taking into account the elastic displacements on contact surface. The difference between linear velocities of corresponding points of the interface induces a supplementary micro-slip, which can be computed by using the fundamental equations of kinematics. The contact is divided into micro-slip zones, subjected to shear stresses. The tangential tractions and corresponding friction coefficient, were computed for each point in contact surface by considering these shear stresses. The model was developed for circular and elliptical contacts geometry. The stress field on the interface was computed both for rolling and sliding contacts. The Huber-Mises-Hencky equivalent stress, assumed to be responsible for the contact surface failure, was numerically computed in each point of contact surface. The second source of friction, namely hysteresis losses, were studied using impact contact tests. The linear relationship between hysteresis losses and the deformed material volume was assumed. The theoretical results were verified by a comparison with literature and especially deviced experimental tests
Marchand, Marc. "Outils et environnement intégré d'aide au pré-dimensionnement au choc des véhicules de transport." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2bb45140-f572-44ab-a51f-f20380534723.
Full textThe global approach based on multibody systems is a simplified tool for the dimensioning to shock of thin-walled frame components which is appropriate during the pre-design stage. This particular tool is still meant for specialists by its specific characteristics to be used for the non-linear spring elements, and also by a judicious way of positioning the deformation joints. Kinematic models allow to obtain efficiently force/displacement and moment/angle characteristics needed to implement the non-linear springs of a simplified model. We then show that the use of elastic-plastic beams in this type of simplified approach brings a new dimension in terms of structural flexibility. It also avoids locking peak problems which can be encountered in models made up of rigid bodies only. The development of a new collapse beam element which couples the integration of the classical elastic-plastic beam element pre-collapse phase with the analytic post-collapse phase, is presented and validated
Vouaillat, Guillaume. "Analyse de la fatigue de contact d'engrenages aéronautiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI035.
Full textGears and rolling elements that are parts of transmissions are sometimes subjected to rolling contact fatigue failures as micro-pitting. It usually results from a lubrication loss or an uncontrolled surface finishing. First layers of the material are consequently overstressed. Microscopic material wrenching then occurs and is called micro-pitting. Such transmission parts failures may potentially lead to the whole system dysfunction. Several studies have already been performed in the literature concerning this topic. However, few of them take into account both surface roughness and material microstructure analyses which impact rolling contact fatigue mechanisms. Thus, a model with those characteristics is developed from literature theories and tools and presented in this thesis. A parametrical study is then conducted so as to estimate the influence of specific contact parameters (among sliding, friction, pressure and roughness) on three fatigue criteria results. However the use of an additional criterion is necessary in order to give more accurate conclusions. Intergranular shear stresses are subsequently studied and make the analysis of the complete stress history possible. Moreover, a life expectancy to micro-cracks nucleation is computed. An identification of sliding-linked local shear stress oscillations which result from successive rough peaks passing over the material surface is also made. Finally, numerical results are compared to an experimental investigation conducted on FZG-type gears. The most at risk areas regarding micropitting in the relevant applications are thus identified among the addendum, the dedendum and the pitch
Delost, Matthieu. "Analyse théorique et numérique pour des problèmes quasistatiques régularisés de contact avec frottement." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4112.
Full textOur interest lies in the bilateral contact between a deformable elasto-visco-plastic solid and a rigid foundation, with Tresca or Coulom friction law. Existence results (and uniqueness results for Tresca law) for associated variational problems are classical. Nevertheless, they are not valid anymore in the frame of aour study, for we have regularized a term in the inequations. We first present the physical background and the mathematical tools related to the problems. We then settle a constructive method for the analysis of variational inequalities involving a regularized convex term. Thus, we obtain existence and uniqueness results, asymptotic convergence results and approximation result concerning theoretical numerical analysis. Then we apply those results to bilateral contact problems involving Tresca or Coulomb friction law. Finally, we present numerical results, in which we compare two ways to compute time discretization and we study the influence of different parameters on the calculus of solutions
Noël, Bruno. "Dégradations tribologiques de contacts de géométrie conforme sollicites par impact-frottement." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0069.
Full textBecause the wear laws do not account of evolving tribological conditions, they cannot predict the operating life of contacts between control rods and their guides in Pressurized Water Nuclear Reactors. This restriction is overcome by the study of the chain of tribological phenomena witch control the third body flow and therefore the wear. The aim of this work is to predict this contact life. This problem cannot be studied "in vivo", because of the radioactivity, implying the use of a simulator to attempt to reproduce the real contact geometry and conditions, to create specimens which serve as a reference. The lack of rheological data on the third body is overcome by a catalog relating morphology, cohesion and adherence of this third body. The catalog is established using calculations and tests on different rigs to study the parameters governing birth and life of the third body. The use of this catalog allows the reconstitution of the third body life, the contact behavior, and the third body flow evaluation. One scenario of the contact behavior is described and validated. It shows that the flow of wear particles depends on the third body reconstitution and its morphology is adapted to accommodate the velocity difference between guides and structures. The use of this catalog shows, through tests at different temperatures, that the variation of wear particle flow is due to the temperature influence on the operating conditions and not on the variations of the material properties
Poulhalec, Alain. "Approche parallèle utilisant deux découpages pour la résolution des problèmes non-linéaires." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0046.
Full textThe study of the response of a non-linear behaviour structure (non-linear material behaviour, large displacement and contact with friction ) impose too long computation time for industrial type structures. In order to reduce the numerical cost, we propose an adaptation of incremental methods to parallel architecture computers. The proposed strategy is based on the use of two decompositions in order to balance computing load among over the different processors. The first decomposition in sub-domains is used to solve global linear problems and the second decomposition is used to integrate the behaviour law. Contact and friction non-linearities are processed using an approch based on large time increment. The algorithm, developed in a parallel environment of the CAST3M finite element computer code, is validated on examples with a large numbers of degrees of freedom and processed on a multi-processor computer
Kollepara, Kiran Sagar. "Low-rank and sparse approximations for contact mechanics." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0030.
Full textTypical strategies for reduced modelling of contact mechanics use low-rank approximations.The underlying hypothesis is the existence of low-dimensional subspace and subcone for the displacement and contact pressure fields, respectively. However, the contact pressure exhibits a local nature, as the contact position can vary with parameters like loading or geometry. The adequacy of low-rank approximations for contact mechanics is studied and alternative routes based on sparse regression techniques are explored. It is shown that the local nature of contact pressure leads to a loss in linear separability, thereby limiting the accuracy of low-rank methods. Subsequently, approximations using overcomplete dictionaries to mitigate the inseparability issues is investigated. Two strategies are devised using sparse approximation methods. One is based on an active-set approach where the dictionary elements are selected greedily, and another is based on convex hull approximations where the non-penetration constraints need not be explicitly enforced. Lastly, the non-linear dimensionality reduction framework is explored. The snapshot set computed in the training phase is enriched at a low complexity using non-linear interpolations, thereby reducing the burden of creating overcompletedictionaries in the offline phase
Chuzel, Yann. "Caractérisation expérimentale et simulation numérique d'impacts de glace à haute vitesse." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0004/these.pdf.
Full textTo ensure the safety of passengers in aircraft, many studies have been realised by the aircraft industry in order to do characterize the ice material and simulate ingestion in the aircraft engines of different projectiles. Ice is an example of these projectiles. The framework of this study is this research and we want to characterize the ice at high speed and simulate the impact of ice on a structure. Thus, a brittle material behavior model is proposed, which associate the qualities of modern meshfree methods (SPH) to a elastic damage behavior law with Mazars damage, modified for a use in fact dynamics. Then, a validation of the model is done on concrete cases with the implementation of a Meshfree – Finite Elements coupling in the computer code EUROPLEXUS. Then, the synthesis of various studies and researches available on the ice material allow to resume the current knowledge of the ice material and to show the difficulties. Two experimental campaigns are realised to determine the characteristics of the material, to better define the mechanisms of the behavior of ice at high speed velocity and provide test data relatively close to certification tests conducted by the aircraft industry. The final chapter details the analysis of the impact experiments with ice cubes strike on targets in order to identify the mechanisms involves and validate the numerical model
Bazari, Zakia. "Modélisation du contact pneumatique/chaussée pour l'évaluation du bruit de roulement." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC010/document.
Full textIn a tire road contact, the rolling noise results from the mechanical interaction between the asperities of the roadway and the tread pattern. Following this interaction, compressive forces appear to push the two bodies in contact. These forces lead to the vibration of the tyre. These vibrations are the origin of the radiated noise. The work of this thesis falls within the evaluation of rolling noise. The objective is twofold. First, we seek to understanding the mechanisms involved in a rolling process of two rough surfaces that generate vibration and then noise. Second, we aim to show the influence of the road asperities on the interfacial dynamic forces and on the noise generated. In this context, we propose a new 3D model of the dynamic contact based on a modal decomposition of the tyre response. This new approach significantly reduces CPU time. The tyre is modeled by an orthotropic plate on a elastic foundation. The contact problem is solved by the penalty method. This model was validated analytically. This tool allows us to finely predict what happens in the contact area. We can predict contact forces and vibratory velocities. Moreover, it makes it possible to determine the contact area and the pressure maps. At the local scale, the characteristics of a shock are known. We are able not only to determine the maximum force of impact, using time evolution of the contact force, and its duration but also the percentage of shock time
Tourette, Eric. "Étude mécanique et physico-chimique du contact rouleau - papier lors du calandrage." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359998.
Full textZammali, Chokri. "Contribution à la modélisation mécanique et numérique des problèmes de contact-impact." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00186569.
Full textAyyad, Youssef. "Analyse variationnelle et numérique de quelques problèmes dynamiques en mécanique de contact." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0936.
Full textThe aim of my thesis is the study of dynamics frictional and frictionless contact problems between a deformable body and a foundation. We present first the mechanical models as well as some preliminaries of functional analysis and partial differential equations. Then we provide the variational analysis of two frictionless contact problems with elasto-visco-plastic materials, the contact being modelled with the normal compliance condition and with the normal damped response condition, respectively. For these problems we obtain existence and uniqueness results of the solution. Next, we analyze numerically hyperelastodynamic frictional contact problems, with the goal to ensure the conservation of energy during the impact. To this end we developed a 2 steps continuation Newton method in which the unilateral contact condition is satisfied in the first step and which takes into account the consistence contact condition in the second step. This study also includes numerical simulations, which allows us to compare the method developed here with two different numerical methods based on the energy conservation
Couderc, Maxime. "Analyse et contrôle de quelques problèmes aux limites en mécanique du contact." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0024.
Full textThe topic of this thesis concerns the optimal control of some boundary value problems describing the contact between a deformable body and a foundation. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part contains preliminaries on functional analysis. The second part summarize our results in the study of four boundary value problems. The first one describes the process of static frictionless contact between an elastic body and a rigid-plastic foundation with unilateral constraint. In the second one we consider a second contact surface with Coulomb friction law and normal compliance. The third problem is a dual problem. The contact is frictionless and is modelled by a version of the Signorini condition. The last problem we consider is evolutionary, leading to the study of an history-dependent quasivariational inequality. For each problem we provide existence, uniqueness and convergence results for the weak solu- tion. Finally, we deal with some optimal control problems associated to our contact models above. The last part of the thesis contains four papers. Here we turn back on the above mentionned contact problems and present the details in proof
Duffait, Roland. "Micromoteur piézoelectrique : analyse de la mécanique du contact, miniaturisation du moteur "butterfly"." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2050.
Full textTourette, Eric. "Etude mécanique et physico-chimique du contact rouleau - papier lors du calandrage." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/4745/01/TheseTourette.pdf.
Full textCalendering consists of running a sheet of paper at high pressure and speed (contact time less than 1 ms) between at least two heated rolls so as to improve the paper surface quality. However, this operation reduces paper thickness. Our study focused on the mechanical behaviour of paper in the nip and on the surface interactions between the paper and the rolls. Different grades of printing and writing paper were studied (coated, un-coated). Two spherical indentation tests on paper samples were developed (falling ball and quasi-static compression) and calendering trials were performed. The contact time in the falling ball test is equivalent to that in calendering. The mechanical interpretation of these tests and trials allows us to obtain stress / strain curves and the evolution of « static » elastic modulus with the permanent deformation. The mechanical variables are influenced by the paper formulation, conditioning and time of solicitation. Using the quasi-static compression test, a model permits to evaluate the nip width in static conditions. The adhesion between the paper surface and the rolls is studied with a rolling friction test and calendering trials. Calendering trials enable to link the improvement of paper surface properties (gloss, smoothness) to the thickness reduction and to specify how the roll surface roughness is transferred onto the paper
Benaceur, Amina. "Réduction de modèles en thermo-mécanique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1140/document.
Full textThis thesis introduces three new developments of the reduced basis method (RB) and the empirical interpolation method (EIM) for nonlinear problems. The first contribution is a new methodology, the Progressive RB-EIM (PREIM) which aims at reducing the cost of the phase during which the reduced model is constructed without compromising the accuracy of the final RB approximation. The idea is to gradually enrich the EIM approximation and the RB space, in contrast to the standard approach where both constructions are separate. The second contribution is related to the RB for variational inequalities with nonlinear constraints. We employ an RB-EIM combination to treat the nonlinear constraint. Also, we build a reduced basis for the Lagrange multipliers via a hierarchical algorithm that preserves the non-negativity of the basis vectors. We apply this strategy to elastic frictionless contact for non-matching meshes. Finally, the third contribution focuses on model reduction with data assimilation. A dedicated method has been introduced in the literature so as to combine numerical models with experimental measurements. We extend the method to a time-dependent framework using a POD-greedy algorithm in order to build accurate reduced spaces for all the time steps. Besides, we devise a new algorithm that produces better reduced spaces while minimizing the number of measurements required for the final reduced problem