Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mécanique des matrices'
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Chabannet, Michel. "Gel interne de matrices cimentaires sous sollicitation mécanique." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0019.
Full textThis study deals with one of the main research backgrounds developed by the Mineral Materials Laboratory: the formulation of highly durable concretes. Usually, chemical air-entraining agents are used to improve the durability to winter environment of concrete. This addition leads to a drastic strength decrease. Therefore, to prevent from this phenomenon, the research goal was to find physical admixtures leading to a good durability of matrices. This study is divided into three parts. In the first part, the literature about behaviour of concrete in presence of freezing and thawing cycles is reviewed. The different types of water present in the matrix are one of the most important parameters governing that behaviour. In the second part, different types of physical admixtures are investigated by means of cement pastes. The results obtained show that the lower is the crystallinity of the matrix and at interfaces the better is the behaviour of the paste. The flexural strength of specimens is more adequate than the compressive strength to describe the behaviour of the paste. From these data, a damage parameter (D) can be computed. In the third part, the influence of metakaolin addition is analysed. Mortars are cast, containing or not air -entraining agents. They present a smaller cement to sand ratio than standard mortars in order to reproduce the actual cement to aggregates ratio of concrete. A special apparatus is developed to subject the samples to coup led thermal and mechanical stresses. The study of microstructures before and after testing allows to exp lain the good durability of mortars containing metakaolin
En-Nefkhaoui, Hakim. "Simulation numérique d'un écoulement visqueux incompressible dans une géometrie complexe par la méthode des matrices d'interpolation." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10055.
Full textFernagut, François. "Comportement plastique de matrices époxydes et de composites en relation avec leur structure moléculaire." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10190.
Full textVivet, Alexandre. "Renforcement des matrices polymères et des matériaux composites par des nanoparticules." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00778185.
Full textMoulet, Marie-Hélène. "Les jonctions en mécanique vibratoire : représentation par matrice de diffusion et caractérisation expérimentale pour des poutres assemblées." Le Mans, 2003. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2003/2003LEMA1004.pdf.
Full textIn many engineering applications, assembled structures are widely used. These structures are composed of thin-walled members connected together by mechanical junctions, which characterisation is necessary to have a predictive model of the vibratory behaviour of assembled structure. Using the state vector formalism to describe the structural waves propagation in a bidimensional medium, a junction can be model intrinsically by a scattering matrix, which properties are studied in the bidimensional case. The case of a mono dimensional junction between two beams is developed: this junction couples extensional and bending waves. A measurement method of the coefficients of the scattering matrix is validated using a blocking mass junction. The study shows that slight modifications of the junction have a great influence on the scattering matrix coefficients
Giraudeau, Joan. "Relations entre la microstructure et le comportement mécanique de matrices polyamide 66 injectées." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM080/document.
Full textThis study focuses on polyamide 66 matrices, formed as injection molded plates. The aim of the study is to highlight existing interrelations between microstructural organization and mechanic behavior.At first, the analysis is limited to one plate. A microstructural mapping has been done, and shows a typical injection molded organization, with evolutions in thickness and injection directions. Therefore, some areas can be differentiated, the superficial ones, those in contact with the mold, where the crystallization is induced by thermal gradient and shear stresses quite important, contrary to bulk areas which have known more stable conditions. Evolutions along the injection direction are more subtle and seem to be induced by the transportation of matter or different pressure conditions during the injection process.These microstructural differences are reflected on the mechanical plan and evolutions in the same directions have been observed. It appears that crystallites dimensions, perfection levels, constraint of amorphous phase or crystallinity ratio all impact on mechanical properties, even if interrelations are complex and not easy to discriminate.The influence of humidity on polyamide 66 material has been observed and discussed. This parameter controls the position of the material relatively to its glass transition and determines the way microstructure is implicated in deformation mechanisms.Finally, the study has been extended to different processing conditions. Although the evolutions that have been noticed were very small, they have helped to refine the analysis and confirm some points
Poli, Charles. "Chaos ondulatoire en milieux ouverts : approche statistique par la théorie des matrices aléatoires non-hermitiennes." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4091.
Full textIn the field of Wave Chaos, statistics of ideal closed systems are nowadays well understood. However, much less is known for open systems, namely for systems those coupling to environment cannot be neglected anymore. Applying the Random Matrix Theory to the formalism of the effective Hamiltonian, spectral and spatial statistics of open chaotic systems are investigated analytically. Furthermore, theoretical predictions are checked systematically through numerical simulations of random matrices. In the spectral domain, the modifications induced by the openness on the spacings and the avoided crossings are illustrated using the resonance trapping effect. The well-known distributions of spacings and avoided crossings are generalized to open chaotic systems that allow to explain results based on microwave experiments. In the spatial domain, statistics of the non-orthogonal parameter, which measures the impact of the openness on the eigenfunctions of the effective Hamiltonian, are derived analytically and verified by numerical simulations modelling chaotic complexness parameter for a given resonance, is also obtained. This finding is confirmed through electrodynamics experiments
Tripa, Viorica-Mihaela. "Optimisation de coques axisymétriques : modélisation par matrices-transfert." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0029.
Full textAlexandrov, Serguei. "Mécanique quantique matricielle et la théorie des cordes à deux dimensions dans des fonds non-triviaux." Paris 11, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003512.
Full textString theory is the most promising candidate for the theory unifying all interactions including gravity. It has an extremely difficult dynamics. Therefore, it is useful to study some its simplifications. One of them is non-critical string theory which can be defined in low dimensions. A particular interesting case is 2D string theory. On the one hand, it has a very rich structure and, on the other hand, it is solvable. A complete solution of 2D string theory in the simplest linear dilaton background was obtained using its representation as Matrix Quantum Mechanics. This matrix model provides a very powerful technique and reveals the integrability hidden in the usual CFT formulation. This thesis extends the matrix model description of 2D string theory to non-trivial backgrounds. We show how perturbations changing the background are incorporated into Matrix Quantum Mechanics. The perturbations are integrable and governed by Toda Lattice hierarchy. This integrability is used to extract various information about the perturbed system: correlation functions, thermodynamical behaviour, structure of the target space. The results concerning these and some other issues, like non-perturbative effects in non-critical string theory, are presented in the thesis
Chae, Hyun Sic. "Modelisation numerique de la circulation en milieux cotiers et estuariens par la methode des matrices d'interpolation (mmi) en coordonnees generalisees : Application à la Gironde." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN2020.
Full textBahouli, Bassem. "Caracterisations de champs de matrices, potentiels matrices et applications aux operateurs traces." Thesis, Pau, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PAUU3053.
Full textMany authors have used stress fields to solve the equilibrium equation of continuum me- chanics. Airy (1863) solved the two-dimensional case, Maxwell (1870) and Morera (1892) solved the three-dimensional case. The above solutions are special cases of those of Beltrami (1892). Gurtin gave an example of solutions that do not have Beltrami’s S = CurlCurlA representation. He showed that if the domain Ω is regular, then this representation is complete in the class of regular stress fields which are self-equilibrated.My thesis title is ”Characterizations of matrix fields, potential matrices and applications to trace operators”. In this work, we are interested by showing many characterizations ofvector fields, of matrix fields and especially by generalizing the result of Gurtin in the case when the open set and the stress fields are not regular.This thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter presents the research problem ad- dressed in this thesis. It also presents the origin of the subject of research.In the second chapter, we study the operator . In particular, the existence of potential vectors in different functional frameworks.In Chapters 3 and 4, we will show some versions of Beltrami’s completeness and we deduce some Helmholtz decomopsitions for symmetric matrix fields.The last chapter is devoted to the study of the image of different trace operators of functions W 2,p (Ω), W 3,p (Ω) when Ω is a bounded open of R 2 with Lipschitz boundary. The essential ingredient is given by the Airy’s function or by the Beltrami representation
Cottereau, Régis. "Modèles probabilistes de matrices d'impédance. Application à l'interaction dynamique sol-structure." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132950.
Full textOn propose donc dans cette thèse un modèle probabiliste des matrices d'impédance, qui généralise l'approche non-paramétrique proposée récemment par Soize pour les prédictions des vibrations de structures aléatoires. La construction de ce modèle probabiliste nécessite tout d'abord la construction d'un modèle déterministe approché, dit à variables cachées, des matrices d'impédance suivant leurs propriétés de base, dont, notamment, la causalité. Ce modèle doit être identifié à partir de calculs numériques ou de mesures, et la procédure d'identification est également developpée dans le cadre de la thèse.
Deux applications sont proposées. Le modèle non-paramétrique de matrice d'impédance est d'abord comparé, sur un cas simple d'interaction dynamique sol-structure, à un modèle paramétrique pour illustrer les principales différences entre les approches. Ensuite, un cas plus industriel de dimensionnement sismique permet d'envisager l'utilisation pratique du modèle probabiliste non-paramétrique.
Echerbault-Chaussade, Mireille. "Etude de modèles en mécanique statistique à fibre non-ordonnée." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30143.
Full textSauder, Cédric. "Relation microstructure/propriétes à haute temperature dans les fibres et matrices de carbone." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12477.
Full textAlexandrov, Serguei Y. "Mécanique Quantique Matricielle et la Théorie des Cordes à Deux Dimensions dans des Fonds Non-triviaux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003512.
Full textSitel, Azzedine. "Méthodes de mesure des matrices acoustiques des discontinuités à un ou deux ports en présence des modes élevés." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1603.
Full textThis study presents the development of experimental methods to characterise a two-port discontinuity by measurement of its scattering and transmission matrices and its power dissipation, and a one-port discontinuity by measurement of its reflection matrix in higher order modes propagation conditions. This method is applied to the measurement of a scattering matrix of a straight cylindrical duct and a reactive chamber. Reflection and transmission matrices are measured for an open end coupled with a straight duct. With the use of the overdetermination on the number of loads, a good agreement was found between analytical and experimental scattering-matrix coefficients measured for the straight duct except near of eut-off frequencies. The test with the reactive type muffler shows that the load method fails in determining the coefficients associated to the wave coming in the discontinuity from the open side because modes are filtered by the reactive chamber. To characterise completely an asymmetrical section, an additionnel test after its inversion is therefore necessary. Results of transmission and reflection matrices shows that the overdetermination procedure on the number of source configurations improves the results. Ln another side, and in order to estimite the sensitivity of various methods to measurement errors, an analytical procedure of simulation of the experience is developed
Le, Rohellec François. "Identification des matrices physiques dans l'espace état. Recombinaison de sous-représentations." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20138.
Full textCottereau, Régis. "Probalilistic models of impedance matrices : application to dynamic soil-structure interaction." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ECAP1034.
Full textIn many application fields, as in civil engineering or aeronautics, engineers have to deal with design problems where the structure is coupled to an unbounded domain. For these problems, only the structure is of interest, and the behavior of the exterior domain is taken into account through its equivalent stiffness, in statics, or its impedance matrix, in dynamics. The models for the unbounded domains considered in these applications are usually coarse and the information available on their properties scarse and polluted. This leads to errors in the estimation of the behavior of the structure, which may partially be taken into account by using probabilistic approaches. We present, in this Ph. D. Thesis a probabilistic model of impedance matrices, which generalizes the nonparametric approaches introduced recently by Soize for the predictions of vibrations in random structures. The construction of this probabilistic model first requires the construction of a deterministic model, so-called hidden variables model, that verifies the basic properties of impedance matrices, among which the causality. The hidden variables model has to be identified from numerical results or experimental measures, and the identification procedure is also developed in this thesis. Two applications are presented. Our nonparametric model of the impedance matrix is first compared to a parametric model, on a classical problem in dynamic soil-structure interaction, to illustrate the main differences between the two approaches. Then, it is used in a more industrial seismic design problem, to show the practical application of the nonparamatric probabilistic model of impedance matrices
Risson, Tania. "Comportement en fluage de composites à renfort carbone et matrices époxyde et peek." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1793_trisson.pdf.
Full textCarles, Valérie. "Elaboration et caractérisation physico-chimique et électromagnétique de nanoparticules ferromagnétiques dispersées dans une matrice du type oxyde." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30227.
Full textPaulin, Sébastien. "Approximations simples d'intégrales de chemins à température finie." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSL0445.
Full textLabidi, Sami. "Élaboration et caractérisation de nanocomposites argiles organo-modifiées/matrices polyéthylène et poly(ε-caprolactone) préparés par extrusion bivis." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENMP0056.
Full textThe objective of this work was to produce organo-modified clays (OMMT)/HDPE and OMMT/Poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocomposites in order to optimize their global performances. The first part of the study was devoted to the achievement of a maximal dispersion of the clay sheets through the optimization of processing parameters for the twin screw extrusion. The use of a shearing profile coupled to a high mixing speed at the highest temperature was necessary to improve the tensile mechanical properties of PCL. However, its thermal stability and fire behavior appeared insufficient after OMMT incorporation. The use of flame retardants proved to be necessary. The use of phosphinates with synergistic agents allowed the fire reaction of the polymer matrix to be significantly improved. The second part of the study consisted in the development of relevant compositions and process for the production of a flexible thermoplastic sheet for applications in the nuclear area. This HDPE and OMMT based film was dedicated to make up for the drawbacks of existing protection sheets containing halogenated flame retardants
Gouttel, Badraoui Hadjira. "Approche des matrices de rigidité dynamique exactes pour l'analyse des structures." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES032.
Full textBernardeau, Fabien. "Stratégies et scénarii de valorisation de déchets phénoplastes au sein de matrices thermoplastiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS033/document.
Full textThe main goal of this PhD project, born from a partnership between EMA, APR2 and Enedis, was to develop a material recycling solution for phenolic molding compound (PMC, or Bakelite). Indeed, these types of thermoset material are hardly valorized and end up in landfill, mostly because of the lack of technically and economically viable solutions for recycling.Phenolic molding compound material are present in large amount in End of Life (EOL) electrical meter waste stream. Therefore, Enedis committed to find a valorisation scheme for these materials. This PhD work is aimed to develop a recycling process for PMC issued from this waste stream.Firstly, a dismantlement and sorting scheme was designed. It is based on the study of the waste stream material composition – in particular the plastic stream. The presence of regulated substances (such as halogenated flame retardant, etc.) in plastic formulations was assessed. The objective was to optimize the separation process to recover materials with a high degree of purity.The proposed recycling solution consists in using the PMC as a functional filler in a thermoplastic matrix. To do so, a comminution scheme was developed to reduce the size of the PMC part. The particle size distribution, morphology and surface chemistry of the obtained products were characterized. Quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of composite materials incorporating micronized PMC were determined. Various coupling schemes were studied in order to increase the adhesion between filler and matrix. The mechanical behaviour of the composite materials was also modelized using finite element methods.The fire behaviour of the composite material incorporating PMC filler was also studied. Because of the high thermal stability and high char yield of phenolic molding compound, its potential use as a carbon donor in intumescent flame retardant formulations was finally assessed
Tang, Sui. "Étude de l'endommagement sous sollicitations monotone et cyclique de matériaux composites à matrices 2024 A1 et 2124 A1 renforcées par des fibres SiCw." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPI284.
Full textSlama, Anne-Claire. "Etude de l'arrachement de fils multifilamentaires de verre dans des matrices cimentaires." Thesis, CY Cergy Paris Université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CYUN1074.
Full textThe reinforcement of concrete with steel structures is a well-known and well-used technology, on the contrary to the reinforcement with textile structures composed of multifilament yarns. For this technology, the impregnation mechanism of the yarn by the cementitious matrix is complex because of the particular structure of those yarns.In order to understand the impregnation mechanism of a yarn by a cementitious matrix and its influence on the mechanical properties of a yarn / matrix composite, pull-out tests have been performed on samples of yarn embedded in cementitious matrix. Different embedded lengths for the yarn and different rheological and mechanical properties for the matrix were tested. Two pull-out modes were observed according to the compressive strength of matrices and the embedded length. For matrices with a compressive strength between 60 and 70 MPa the pull-out mode is characterized by a behaviour close to the tensile behaviour of the yarn even with short embedded lengths (leq1 cm), with maximum load values reaching approximately 60% of the tensile maximum load because of filaments damages during the manufacturing and storage of the samples. For matrices with a compressive strength inferior to 60 MPa, the pull-out mode exhibits a residual phase linked to a slippage and an extraction of a variable number of filaments, with lower maximum load values than the first pull-out mode and linked to the embedded length. After pull-out test, for some samples with filaments extraction, an innovative method based on a double impregnation with resin enables to visualize the yarn / matrix interface and identify the level of impregnation of the filaments by using confocal microscopy. It is concluded that this level of impregnation, especially the number of fully embedded filaments in the cementitious matrix, has a direct influence on the mechanical behaviour of the embedded yarn, except for the slippage and extraction phase. The rheological properties of the matrix has no significant influence on this impregnation, except for matrices with a compressive strength inferior to 30 MPa. For those matrices, the pull-out mechanism is different since it is the filament / matrix bonds that fail instead of the filaments.Those conclusions enable to improve the analytical models used to predict the behaviour of those composites
Kadry, Seifedine. "Couplage éléments finis et méthode de transformation probaliste." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717847.
Full textChaari, Raouf. "L'étude des techniques de mesure d'impédance et de modélisation des silencieux." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD269.
Full textThis thesis deals with the analysis of acoustic characteristics of silencers. Computer programmes were developed to simulate the performance of silencers using a plane wave model with flow and linear temperature gradient. Different measurement techniques using exact and approximate expressions were developed and tested on different silencers and absorbing materials. In conditions of noise or fluid flow the measurement techniques developed at the University of Compiègne using a reference signal to condition the measurement permit the acoustic characteristics of silencers to be evaluated with increased accuracy. A method presented by Seybert in 1989 to measure the characteristic impedance and the complex wave number of a material is analysed. Improvements are proposed to this technique witch should enable the second measurement on the material of different thickness to be eliminated
Rhazi, Dilal. "Prédiction par la méthode des matrices de transfert de la réponse vibroacoustique des structures complexes multimatériaux sous excitation mécanique et source ponctuelle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1409.
Full textGalland, Sophie. "Elaboration de matrices granulaires par une approche couplée produit / procédé : application au développement de sphéroïdes médicamenteux par extrusion / sphéronisation." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON13511.
Full textCenteno, Lara Roberto de la Cruz. "Contribution a l'evaluation des contraintes internes dans les plaques composites générées par le thermodurcissement des matrices." Lyon, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAL0023.
Full textThe aim of this study is a contribution tc estimate the curing: stresses of thermoset composite plates. The bibliographical :study of processing technology of thermoseting composite materials shows : the temperature, the viscosity and the degree of cure change the thermo-mechanical properties of the composite plate during the cure cycle. The general approach to the treatment of:thermal field, the viscosity and the degree of cure is through three differential equations : the unidirectional heat transfer equation, the chemo rheological equation and the rate of degree of cure equation. Solution to the thermo-chemical model is obtained by numerical: methods. By using a residual weighted technique and discrete' values at nodals points, we can obtain a implicit method of solution. The system equation is cure and the viscosity are calculated every step, furthermore, if the elation is attained, an increment t of thermal stress is carried. Finally a validation ' of our model is accomplished. This an epoxy matrix and a classical cure cycle. We analyse, principally, the influence of the amount of heat released and the gel time effect
Bourgine, Jean-Emile. "Modèles de matrices et problèmes de bord dans la gravité de Liouville." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541162.
Full textCousinet, Sylvain. "Evaluation de nouvelles matrices organiques biosourcées sans styrène pour composites SMC." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0149.
Full textDue to their good mechanical properties, low density, low cost and good surface properties, SMC composites (Sheet Molding Compound) are suitable for manufacturing half-structural automotive parts. These materials are mainly based on a unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), thermoplastics as low profile additives, calcium carbonate as filler and chopped glass fibers. Current environmental and socio-economic concerns motivate automotive manufacturers to use bio-based materials in order to reduce the use of crude oil reserves and to find an alternative to styrene (VOC, hazardous air pollutant, potential carcinogen) which is used as reactive diluents (RD) in UPR. The aim of this work was to develop a bio-based organic matrix (UPR and low profile additive) for SMC composites with a similar processability and same level of performances compared to petroleum-based analogs. The first part of this work describes the evaluation of new bio-based reactive diluents (MMA, BDDMA, BDDVE, EDI, IBOMA and LMA) as styrene substituents for UPR, taking into account SMC process requirements. Selected resins were polymerized and the obtained networks characterized. Copolymerization mechanism was studied and allowed to highlight the influence of the chemical nature of unsaturations and the functionality of reactive diluents on network properties. Due to its low viscosity, low volatility and high flashpoint, BDDMA is a good candidate to replace styrene in UPR. Next part was dedicated to the characterization of bio-based unsaturated polyester and low profile additives. Several organic matrices were formulated with different low profile additives, then polymerized and characterized. The influence of the low profile additive nature and content on the polymerization shrinkage and mechanical properties of the material was evaluated. SMC composites were manufactured at the pilot scale and characterized in order to study the final properties of bio-based composites. The best shrinkage control is obtained with low-Tg additive (bio-based saturated polyester). Nevertheless BDDMA-based network is very brittle, so a next step of our work was to introduce a monofunctional methacrylate (MMA, IBOMA and LMA) into the matrix in order to decrease the crosslink density of the network and improve its impact resistance. The influence of the methacrylate nature and content on the structure and mechanical properties of the polyester networks was highlighted. Finally, a new bio-based RD, vinyl levulinate, was evaluated to replace styrene in UPR. Its copolymerization mechanism with UP was studied and related to the structure and mechanical properties of the network
Zheng, Lifeng. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement différé du massif rocheux fracturé." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10060/document.
Full textShort-term and long-term stability are two important aspects in analyzing slope stability. The objective of this study is to propose the numerical models to simulate the short and long-term mechanical behaviour of rock matrix and rock joint. For rock matrix, one elasto-damage model which takes both the compressive and tensile situations into account is employed. One parameter is introduced to emphasize the influence of confining pressures. And then one creep model for rock matrix which considering the damage parameter as a time-dependent variable is proposed. The simulation results show great agreement with experimental results. Generally, rock joints are the most fragile part in rock structures. For rock joint, the asperity of joint surface is represented by a parameter JRC. This parameter is related to the friction angle, and then affects the shear stiffness of joint. In this work, a constitutive model is employed based on this theory, and then the parameter JRC is proposed to be a time-dependent variable, which represents the graduate degradation of joint asperity with time passage. One simulation is performed and verified that this model is capable to describe creep phenomena. The extended finite element (XFEM) theory is introduced and applied in the joint model to exactly describe the real condition of joint. A simulation of one complicated structure is performed at last to verify the simulating ability of these models
Cabrol, Elodie. "Étude et compréhension des mécanismes d'endommagement de surface de matrices de forgeage à chaud rechargées." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMAC0012.
Full textIn the field of hot forging of aeronautical parts, the steel dies are commonly hardfaced, on few millimeters thick, by a cobalt-based alloy (Stellite 21) deposited by arc welding (MIG). As part of this thesis, this "classic" hardfacing is compared to Stellite 21 and Stellite 6 hardfacings deposited by two emerging processes in this area, the PTA and the LASER one. The objective is to assess surface damage mechanisms, especially induced by plastic strain, of these various hardfacings. Tribological tests (laboratory and semi-industrial) were used to create surface damage comparable to those observed in industrial dies. Associated with these tests, multiscale microstructural, structural and mechanical investigations have been performed (tensile, bending, microhardness, OM, SEM, STEM, XRD, EBSD). According to the « material/process » couple, plastic strain mechanisms by perfect dislocation glide and by FCC to HCP phase transformation have been identified. The activation of the latter has been connected to the temperature of the allotropic phase transformation (FCC/HCP) in cobalt. This temperature depends on (i) the alloying elements, varying according to the deposited grade (Cr, C, ...), (ii) the dilution (Fe content evolution) connected to the welding parameters and (iii) the number of deposited layer. Moreover, a significant influence of the phase transformation on the evolution of the friction coefficient has been evidenced. Indeed, if the phase transformation is not observed, the friction coefficient is stable during the test, while a drop of the friction coefficient curve is connected with the FCC to HCP phase transformation. Moreover, the plastic flow of dendrites is observed at the extreme surface, on a few tens of micrometres in thickness, in the direction of sliding. It is associated with a high morphologic and crystallographic texturing of the identified phase (FCC or HCP), with the highest atomic density planes mostly oriented parallel to the sliding surface. The results also show that, under tribological laodings, a significant hardening is observed on the surface (up to 90%) and a correlation has been established between the increase in the microhardness and the plastic deformation ratio
Couturier, Laurent. "Comportement mécanique de matériaux composites à matrice aluminium." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1103.
Full textCorneille, Sylvie. "Homogénéisation périodique de matériaux microfissures." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20104.
Full textCangemi, Laurent. "Frottement et adhérence : modèle, traitement numérique et application à l'interface fibre/matrice." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22117.
Full textPraud, Francis. "Multi-scale modelling of thermoplastic-based woven composites, cyclic and time-dependent behaviour." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0018/document.
Full textIn this thesis, a multi-scale model established from the concept of periodic homogenization is utilized to study the cyclic and time-dependent response of thermoplastic-based woven composites. With the proposed approach, the macroscopic behaviour of the composite is determined from a finite element simulation of the representative unit cell of the periodic microstructure, where the local constitutive behaviours of the components are directly integrated, namely: the matrix and the yarns. The local response of the thermoplastic matrix is described by a phenomenological multi-mechanisms constitutive model accounting for viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity and ductile damage. For the yarns, a hybrid micromechanical-phenomenological constitutive model is considered. The latter accounts for anisotropic damage and anelasticity induced by the presence of a diffuse micro-crack network through the micromechanical description of a micro-cracked representative volume element. The capabilities of the multi-scale model are validated by comparing the numerical prediction with experimental data. The capabilities of the model are also illustrated through several examples where the composite undergoes time-dependent deformations under monotonic loading, constant or cyclic stress levels and non-proportional multi-axial loading. Furthermore, the multi-scale model is also employed to analyse the influence of the local deformation processes on the macroscopic response of the composite
Tikarrouchine, El-Hadi. "Simulation multi-échelles par EF² de structures composites périodiques en régime viscoélastique-viscoplastique- endommageable avec couplage thermomécanique fort." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0032/document.
Full textA multi-scale FE2 approach based on the periodic homogenization theory is developed to predict the overall response of nonlinear mechanical and fully coupled thermomechanical 3D composite structures. The computational strategy integrates the periodic microstructure effects by introducing the architecture of the reinforcement and the local constitutive laws.The considered constituents' constitutive laws obey generalized standard materials laws and are formulated within the framework of thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The characteristic equations (equilibrium and thermodynamics laws) are formulated under the assumption of small strains and rotations. They are solved simultaneously at both scales (microscopic and macroscopic) using an incremental scheme. For the numerical implementation, an advanced Meta-UMAT subroutine is developed and combined with a parallelization technique in the finite element commercial software Abaqus/Standard. The multi-scale computational strategy is applied to simulate the overall response of 3D composite structures under complex thermomechanical loading paths. The composite structures consist of thermoplastic polymer matrix with viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior and ductile damage, reinforced by different types of reinforcements (short fibers or woven fabrics). The anisotropic damage within the yarns is modeled through a micromechanical approach to follow the transverse micro-cracks density evolution. This computational strategy is deployed on composite structures having periodic microstructure, whose phases exhibit different types of nonlinear behavior laws (rheology, damage mechanisms and thermomechanical coupling). The capabilities of the multi-scale approach are demonstrated (i) by comparing numerical predictions with experimental results in terms of global response, macroscopic and microscopic strain fields, and (ii) through the access to spatio-temporal distributions of internal variables at the microstructure scale as well as the intrinsic dissipation in the constitutive phases
Wechs, Julian. "Relations causales multipartites en théorie quantique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY008.
Full textIn recent years, the investigation of causal relations in quantum theory has attracted a lot of interest. In particular, it has been found that it is possible to conceive of scenarios where some parties perform operations that are compatible with quantum theory locally, but that cannot be embedded into a global background causal structure. Such indefinite causal structures are of interest from a fundamental point of view, but also from the perspective of quantum information processing, since they do not fit into the usual paradigm of quantum circuits, which assumes a definite causal order. The main aim of this thesis is to study indefinite quantum causal relations involving more than two parties. Compared to the bipartite case, there are many new aspects and complications that arise in multipartite situations, which need to be clarified in order to fundamentally understand quantum causal structures, and to shed light on their implications and potential usefulness for quantum information processing.A suitable mathematical framework for the investigation of quantum causal relations is the process matrix formalism. In this framework, the notion of causal nonseparability was introduced in order to qualify scenarios that are incompatible with a definite causal order. In Chapter 2, we study how to generalise this concept to the multipartite case, how to characterise multipartite causally (non)separable quantum processes, and how to certify multipartite causal nonseparability. Another important topic is to determine which quantum scenarios with indefinite causal order are physically implementable, and how they can be realised concretely. In Chapter 3, we introduce two new classes of physically realisable multipartite quantum processes, and characterise them in terms of their process matrix descriptions. In particular, we define the class of quantum circuits with quantum control of causal order. The simplest example of such a circuit is the quantum switch, a protocol in which the order between two operations is controlled by a qubit in a superposition state, and which defines a causally nonseparable process. The class we introduce also contains more general examples of causally nonseparable processes with new features. We then show how the process matrix characterisation of this class allows us to search for new quantum information processing applications of causal nonseparability. In Chapter 4, we investigate a particular quantum communication effect in a scenario involving coherent control between two quantum channels. This leads us to a more general analysis of the notion of a coherently controlled channel, which involves certain subtilities. In Chapter 5, we turn to another problem that arises in multipartite scenarios, namely whether a given phenomenon is genuinely multipartite or not. More particularly, we study genuinely multipartite (non)causal correlations. In Chapter 6, we show that anomalous weak values are possible without post-selection. In Chapter 7, we show that certain tripartite process matrices, namely those that are unitarily extensible, have a realisation on so-called time-delocalised subsystems, i.e., quantum subsystems that are not associated with a definite time. The class of unitarily extensible tripartite process matrices is larger than the class of quantum circuits with quantum control, and in particular contains processes that violate so-called causal inequalities
Lorrain, Bernard. "Etude des phénomènes de fatigue sous sollicitation uni-axiale d'un composite à matrice céramique." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30138.
Full textLachi, Mohand Tayeb. "Fluage en torsion de composites à renforts filamentaires et matrice polymère : influence de l'humidité." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10237.
Full textMekhissi, Khaled. "Composites à matrice vinylester. Etude cinétique et mécanique." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20025.
Full textKouakou, N'guessan Moïse. "Comportement mécanique des sols grossiers hétérogènes à matrice." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0043.
Full textCoarse-grained soils, which are materials containing grains ranging from micrometers to several tens of centimeters, are frequently used in various geotechnical projects such as dikes and embankments. The determination of their shear strength in standard laboratory devices is difficult because of the presence of large grains. Different approaches (scalping, substitution, and parallel gradation) could be used to reduce the grain size of the tested sample. However, these techniques involve a change in the percentage of each fraction in comparison to the initial sample. Therefore, it is important to know how the shear strength is altered by the variation in the grain size distribution curve. The aim of this study was to establish a methodology for estimating the shear strength of coarse-grained soils with matrix by testing their fraction compatible with the available shear device size. The parallel gradation method was used and the influence of the fines content increase in the reconstituted soil was investigated. Two soils with different fines content were studied: a limestone aggregate with 1.9% fines and a natural gravel with 15% fines. The shear strengths of parallel graded samples of these soils at the same dry density under saturated and unsaturated conditions were determined in devices with different sizes. The results showed, for the soil with fines content lower than 4%, a suitable estimation of the initial soil shear strength for a low grain breakage ratio. This low grain breakage ratio is ensured for low normal stresses, under 100 kPa in the case of the studied aggregate. For the soil with higher fines content, it has been shown that the initial soil friction angle is correctly estimated when the reconstituted soil has the same grain arrangement as the initial soil, i.e., for a fines content lower than 30%. However, the difference in fines content between the initial and reconstituted soils led to an overestimation of the initial soil cohesion. A cohesion – fines content relationship was proposed to predict the cohesion of the initial coarse-grained soil. Furthermore, when the fines content in the reconstituted soil is higher than 30%, it was shown that the scalping method provides a suitable estimation of the initial soil shear strength when the density and percentage of scalped grains criteria are fulfilled. Recommendations were made to determine the shear strength of coarse-grained soils with matrix based on their characteristics and the size of the available device
Massaq, Abdellah. "Caractérisation mécanique d'un matériau composite en tissu de verre et matrice polyamide 6 sous différents types de chargement dynamique." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Massaq.Abdellah.SMZ9919.pdf.
Full textObeid, Hassan. "Durabilité de composites à matrice thermoplastique sous chargement hygro-mécanique : étude multi-physique et multi-échelle des relations microstructure-propriétés-états mécaniques." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4044/document.
Full textDue to their excellent specific properties, composite materials with organic matrix are increasingly used in transport industry. During their lifetime, these materials can be subjected to aggressive hygroscopic environments. The moisture especially induces the plasticization of the polymer network, which affects its mechanical behavior, as well as dimensional changes occurring during the diffusion process. The purpose of this work is to experimentally characterize the hygro-mechanical behavior of the studied materials during aging under relative humidity conditions. Numerical analysis methods are implemented in order to identify the evolution of material properties during the transient stage of the process. Among these quantities, the present work consists in characterizing the hygroscopic expansion coefficient and the tensile modulus. It will be established that, in order to appropriately reproduce the experimental, it is necessary to develop a multi-physics and multi-scale approach accounting for the local swelling experienced by the polymer during the transient stage of the moisture diffusion process, as well as the decreasing of the elastic modulus. Moreover, some of the proposed hygromechanical models have been extended to the stochastic framework in order to take into account the experimental uncertainties. The proposed models are implemented in the finite element software Abaqus® enabling to perform numerical simulations leading to predictions of the moisture fields and the internal mechanical states. The proposed approach has been validated with the experimental data and several numerical studies involving neat polyamide resin and composites are proposed
Gamon, Guillaume. "Incorporation de fibres végétales dans des matrices thermoplastiques biosourcées et biodégradables par extrusion bi-vis pour la production de matériaux biocomposites moulés par injection." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0029.
Full textIncorporation of vegetal fibres, differing by their source, their chemical composition and their shape, have been performed by twin screw extrusion in two thermoplastic matrices: the poly(lactic acid) and the thermoplastified wheat flour. These two biobased and biodegradable matrices have also different chemical character and thermo-mechanical properties. Fibre incorporation up to 40 % in weight considerably modified both matrix properties and improved several weaknesses (thermal stability, lack of stiffness…). Miscanthus fibres have been selected as best improvers for properties of both matrices. Materials properties were adjusted with a formulating work (addition of plasticizers) and whole process optimization, until injection-molding. Fibre incorporation in a compatibilized blend of the two matrices was also tested and performed in a one step extrusion process, including flour thermoplasticization, polymer blending and fibre dispersion
Arnaud, Ludovic. "Statistique de l'interférence quantique et circuits quantiques aléatoires." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599990.
Full textSeif, El Dine Bassels. "Etude du comportement mécanique de sols grossiers à matrice." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002992.
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