Relevant bibliographies by topics / Measurement tolerance

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Measurement tolerance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Measurement tolerance"

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Teven, Jason J., James C. McCroskey, and Virginia P. Richmond. "Measurement of tolerance for disagreement." Communication Research Reports 15, no. 2 (March 1998): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08824099809362115.

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Appleyard, R., K. Ball, F. E. Hughes, W. Kilby, R. Nicholls, V. Rabett, J. Sage, M. Smith, and E. Thomson. "Systematic in vivo dosimetry for quality assurance using diodes 2: Assessing radiotherapy techniques and developing an appropriate action protocol." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 4, no. 4 (December 2004): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396905000208.

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Purpose: Having previously reviewed the implementation of systematic in vivo dosimetry at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital this paper examines the results of entrance dose measurements for specific sites/techniques and determines whether different action/alert protocols are required for these different categories.Methods and materials: Entrance dose measurements using p-type diodes were analysed for the following treatment categories: Breast, head and neck in beam direction shell, abdomino-pelvic and intrathoracic. A 4% tolerance was applied.Results: Mean deviations from expected dose and proportion of measurements exceeding tolerance were: Breast: +1.15%±3.04% (1SD), 238/1073≥4%; Head and neck: +0.35%±2.20% (1SD), 21/326≥4%; Abdomino-pelvic: +0.52%±2.75% (1SD), 93/712≥4%; Intrathoracic: −0.01%±2.75% (1SD), 22/119≥4%. Significant improvements in results for breast patients were noted following the introduction of a commercial breast board. The results for abdomino-pelvic patients confirmed a substantial variation in diode response under short FSD, wedged fields at 16MV (that had not been corrected for). The statistical uncertainty in dose measurement for each treatment category was calculated in order to assist determination of appropriate tolerance levels.Conclusions: A blanket tolerance of 4% was generally too low given the extent of measurement uncertainty. The relatively high number of readings outside tolerance where identification of errors was difficult/impossible resulted in inconsistent application of the action protocol. Some widening of tolerances is likely to improve quality of procedure and treatment. Appropriate action levels are recommended for each treatment category.
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Kim, Wonsik, Jaeil Cho, Daisuke Komori, Masatoshi Aoki, Masayuki Yokozawa, Shinjiro Kanae, and Taikan Oki. "Tolerance of eddy covariance flux measurement." Hydrological Research Letters 5 (2011): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3178/hrl.5.73.

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Castañeda, Luis E., Gemma Calabria, Luz A. Betancourt, Enrico L. Rezende, and Mauro Santos. "Measurement error in heat tolerance assays." Journal of Thermal Biology 37, no. 6 (October 2012): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2012.03.005.

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Dai, Haiming, Husheng Ding, Kevin L. Peterson, X. Wei Meng, Paula A. Schneider, Katherine L. B. Knorr, and Scott H. Kaufmann. "Measurement of BH3-only protein tolerance." Cell Death & Differentiation 25, no. 2 (October 20, 2017): 282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2017.156.

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Choi, W., and T. R. Kurfess. "Dimensional Measurement Data Analysis, Part 1: A Zone Fitting Algorithm." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 121, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831211.

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Measured data taken from Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) are in the form of Cartesian coordinates of points from a part surface. In order to interpret the data, a numerical analysis must be performed on them. Currently, data fitting techniques such as a least squares fit or a min-max fit are employed to compare the measured points to the design model. As the objectives of the various techniques differ, they often yield conflicting results. Since this discrepancy may lead to a different conclusions in the process dimensional inspection, it is critical that inspection procedures are based on well defined criteria that employ the appropriate technique to achieve the desired inspection goals. If tolerances are represented by tolerance zones, a zone fitting algorithm, introduced in this paper, provides a more consistent means of verify conformance to the tolerance zone. It determines whether a set of measured points fits into a specified tolerance zone. If the point set can fit into the zone, a rigid body transformation placing the points inside the zone is returned. The algorithm is numerically stable and addresses a general type of tolerance zone. The examples demonstrate that the zone fitting algorithm is more consistent compared to the least squares fit and the min-max fit in tolerance zone conformance verification. A subsequent paper (Part 2) addresses the determination of a minimum zone that extends inspection from a pass/fail mode to a quality analysis operation.
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Qin, Bin, Fanping Zeng, and Kesong Yan. "Uncertainty Measurement for a Tolerance Knowledge Base." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 28, no. 02 (April 2020): 331–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488520500142.

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A knowledge base is an important notion of rough set theory. A tolerance knowledge base is its generalization. Measures of uncertainty as important evaluation tools in the fields of machine learning can measure the dependence and similarity between two targets. This paper investigates uncertainty measurement for a tolerance knowledge base by using its knowledge structure. The knowledge structure of a given tolerance knowledge base is first introduced by means of set vectors. Then, the dependence and independence between knowledge structures of tolerance knowledge bases are depicted. Next, the measurement uncertainty of tolerance knowledge bases is investigated. Finally, to obtain two tolerance knowledge bases with additional data, two information systems from the UCI Repository of machine learning databases are selected to construct two numerical experiments, and an effectiveness analysis is performed from the perspective of statistics to show the feasibility of the proposed measures.
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Szemik, Kamil, and Pawel Bogacz. "Measurement system analysis for one-sided tolerance." ITM Web of Conferences 15 (2017): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20171505011.

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Janik, Witold, Cezary Grabowik, and Grzegorz Ćwikła. "The Practical Approach to Freeform Shape Elements Reverse Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 657 (October 2014): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.657.755.

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Element geometry can be restored with basic measurement techniques. However if the element geometry is too complex (free form surfaces), it is not possible to take all measurements in that way. Example presented in the paper is a drop forged element (car suspension link). In situation when spare element is out of reach (product withdraw from market, producer technological process tooling redesign), the element can be reproduced (singularly or in series, what depends on producer). Reconstructed element is slightly different from a master element (impossible existence of reliably identically designed and manufactured parts), because of measurement uncertainty. Another problem is that original element is usually worn out or during disassembly process can be damaged, so it has different geometry,(when worn out is not fitting to tolerances) than newly manufactured one. The practical approach for reverse engineering is based on: measurement uncertainty extrapolation, 3D part scanning, transformation of point cloud to solid model, composition examination of an alloy. The method is a complex solution that brings: geometrical description and material assignment and heat treatment. Important part of the method is typical measurement techniques. In cases when tolerances have to be preserved, additional tolerance assignment is needed according to linkage between redesigned part of element and parts of other elements in assembly. The insurance of measurement was checked according to typical tolerance of the drop forged element. The retrieved 3D model was compared with virtual mass to real master element mass. The technological tooling reconstructed prototype and element reconstructed prototype have been made. Finally the alloy material is assigned according to measurement result analysis (electron spectroscopy EDS). Proposed example shows many important clues that can be used in order to provide properly redesigned element.
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Molnár, Dániel, András Surányi, Viktor Grónás, and Julianna Skutai. "Possible influence factors of technical tolerance." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 8, no. 2 (May 12, 2014): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2014.2.60-65.

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Legitimate users of agricultural areas can receive land-based payments based on the area of either the cultivated plants or the uncultivated land kept, in line with the provisions of community and national legislation, in condition eligible for support. Furthermore, land-based support can be received via other rural development measures as well.According to European Commission regulation the appropriate and eligible claim of the land-based supports shall be controlled by the member states. The most robust technique of this process is the remote sensing control. The observed discrepancies shall be sanctioned based on their extent and intentional nature. A measurement tolerance interval shall be set in case of remote sensing operations so that the extent of discrepancy is to be determined in the most objective way possible. As far as the measurement tolerance interval is concerned the goal is to minimise the cumulative faults appearing during the measurements (such as the scale of agricultural activities, the inaccuracy of farmers’ drawings necessary for the claiming of support and the inaccuracy of control materials and methods).The establishment of the measurement tolerance interval is based on the fact that the reference parcels selected by the validation protocol are made by several operators in iterations. As a result of this process the following conclusions can be drawn:The validation method of multi-level tests required by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) properly detects the measurement results strongly affected by faults. Although this method is to be used exclusively to determine the technical tolerance in the Control with Remote Sensing (CwRS) process of the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS), as independent validation process it does not take the further imagery and other vector references into account. In our examination we assessed the possible inclusion of the smallest identification unit of the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) – i.e. the physical block – as well as its impact on the value of technical tolerance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Measurement tolerance"

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DeBusk, Gerald Kenneth. "An Examination of Organizatinal Performance Measurement System Utilization." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11130.

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This dissertation provides results of three studies, which examine the utilization of organizational performance measurement systems. Evidence gathered in the first study provides insight into the number of perspectives or components found in the evaluation of an organization's performance and the relative weight placed on those components. The evidence suggests that the number of performance measurement components and their relative composition is situational. Components depend heavily on the strategies selected by the organization. Bottom-line financial measures like return on invested capital and net profit, while perceived as more important than their nonfinancial counterparts, were not part of the extracted components suggesting that they were viewed as outcomes to be achieved by controlling key nonfinancial measures. The second study examines potential cognitive difficulties inherent in the use of performance measurement systems. Results suggest that whether performance was better than target, worse than target, or equal to target does not affect the perceived importance of the measures. Results also suggest an emphasis on historical financial measures and a lack of emphasis on more forward-looking nonfinancial measures. In addition, there is evidence of a halo effect in that an organization's performance on financial measures appears to influence an individual's perception of the organization's performance on nonfinancial measures. The third study uses structural equation modeling and other related procedures to examine the relationships surrounding an executive's use of performance measurement information. Results suggest that a personality characteristic of executives, specifically their intolerance of ambiguity, affects the amount of information perceived to be important in a performance measurement system. The results further suggest that the amount of information perceived to be important affects the evaluation of organizational performance with perceived risk serving as a mediating variable. Overall, these three studies add to our knowledge of organizational performance measurement system utilization by examining the relative weightings of performance measures, the judgmental effects from utilization of performance measurement systems, and the impact of intolerance of ambiguity on the importance of performance measurement data. In addition, this dissertation examines the link between performance measurement data and the perception of risk in the evaluation of organizational performance.
Ph. D.
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Rojas, Elizabeth C. "Development and Validation of the Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTQ)." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6943.

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Distress tolerance (DT) is the perceived ability to withstand psychological stress, and has been studied for its relationship to psychopathology, personality features, mood states, and behaviors. Previous work suggests that the two existing modalities of DT measurement (behavioral and self-report) are tapping conceptually and empirically different constructs. The current developed a novel, self-report measure of DT that conceptually mapped onto behavioral DT in two samples: community participants (N = 982) and undergraduates (N = 282). Two separate factors emerged, non-goal oriented distress intolerance (DI), and goal-oriented distress tolerance (DT). Fit indices were acceptable in the community sample, but poor in the college sample. Both factors showed associations with existing self-report (SR) DT measures, behavioral outcomes, and behavioral tasks (in the college sample) supporting construct validity. Associations with the DT personality network were similar to that of the existing DT-SR measures, and failed to support discriminant validity. Likewise, the documentation of the novel measures with the broad DT nomological network showed predicted associations with personality, mood, and psychopathology, supporting existing literature. Novel measures predicted some significant variance in DT outcomes (psychopathology, behavioral outcomes), above and beyond existing DT-SR, however magnitude was small in nature, and the college sample failed to replicate these results. Measurement invariance testing showed failure at the scalar level in college students. Overall, novel measures did not provide clear support for a separate behavioral definition of DT, and corroborated prior studies investigating extant DT measures and the broad DT nomological network.
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Morrisette, Jennifer A. "The use of a piezoelectric actuator to improve precision of a coordinate measurement machine." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17044.

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Wright, H. L. "Physiological measurement of the influence of Gz baseline on +Gz tolerance in flight." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43410.pdf.

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Sun, Fangting. "On lifetime maximization and fault tolerance measurement in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7843.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering . Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Jaša, Aleš. "1. Návrh kontrolních procesů vevýrobě bezpečtnostního ventilu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229782.

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The aim of this thesis is precise definition of control processes for components of Pressure Limit Valve 5 Generation (PLV5) which is produced by Bosch Diesel Ltd. in Jihlava. The objective was to define measurement methods which ensure identical results of measurement between co. Bosch Diesel Ltd. in Jihlava and suppliers of individual components. The results of this study are introduced into control drawings and described in individual conclusions of the thesis.
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Petitcuenot, Mathieu. "Maîtrise de la qualité géométrique des pièces de formes complexes sur tout le cycle de conception et fabrication : Application à une aube de turbine." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0025.

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Ma thèse s'intègre dans un contexte de développement d'une cotation fonctionnelle dans un environnement de CAO 3D chez Snecma, acteur majeur dans le monde de la propulsion aéronautique et spatiale. Les objectifs de ces travaux de recherches sont variés et suivent une logique de maîtrise de la géométrie sur tout le cycle de conception / contrôle / fabrication, notamment par le déploiement de la cotation ISO.Dans un premier temps une définition fonctionnelle ISO est proposée pour des pièces de formes complexes qui composent une turbo-machine, tout en considérant les problèmes liés au contrôle en métrologie automatique et sans contact. Cette définition nécessite quelques mises à jour des normes actuelles. Une autre difficulté fut de répondre aux demandes industrielles dans leur globalité en considérant les différents types de pièces des moteurs.Une seconde partie importante du travail consiste à développer des outils de contrôle et d'analyse de surfaces 3D complexes en vue d'une meilleure connaissance de leur géométrie en séparant les défauts locaux et globaux, qui n’ont pas le même impact fonctionnel.Une troisième partie consiste à développer une stratégie de transfert de fabrication 3D sur des pièces complexes usinées sur des montages 6 points en considérant les problèmes d’orientation des surfaces.L’ensemble des travaux permet de garantir le respect, sur des pièces de formes complexes, des exigences fonctionnelles de la définition jusqu’à la pièce usinée grâce au déploiement des normes ISO de cotation.Ces travaux ont abouti à une publication au CIRP CAT 2014 en Chine, le développement en interne Snecma d’un outil de quantification des défauts globaux/locaux, une volonté forte de développer un outil générique de transfert 3D basé sur le travail réalisé, deux distinctions créativité Snecma dont une classé seconde sur toutes les créativités 2013 et un changement de grande ampleur dans la méthode de contrôle des spécifications de forme de profils d’aube
My PhD thesis is integrated into a context of functional dimensioning development in a 3D CAD environment at Snecma, a major player in the aerospace propulsion world. The objectives of this research work are varied but follow one goal: mastery quality geometry throughout the design, control and manufacturing cycle, by the deployment of the ISO standards of tolerancing.At first a functional definition ISO is proposed for parts with complex shapes that make up a turbo-machine while considering issues related to metrology and automatic control without contact. This definition requires some updates of existing standards. Another problem was to meet industrial demands in their entirety by considering the various types of engine parts.A second important part of the work is to develop control and analyze tools for complex 3D shapes for a better understanding of their geometry by separating local and global faults, which do not have the same functional impact.A third part develops a 3D manufacturing transfer strategy on complex workpieces on mounting “6 points” by considering the surface orientation problems.All work ensures compliance of functional requirements, on parts with complex shapes, from definition to the workpiece through the deployment of ISO standards of tolerancing.This work led to a publication in CIRP CAT 2014 China, a Snecma internal development of a quantification tool of global / local defects, a strong wich to develop a 3D transfer generic tool based on the work done, two awards Snecma creativity with one ranked second in 2013 on all the awards and a major change in the control method of form profiles specifications
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SARAVANAN, SHANKAR. "EVALUATION OF SPHERICITY USING MODIFIED SEQUENTIAL LINEAR PROGRAMMING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1132343760.

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Lin-Steadman, Patricia V. "Studying Abroad and Intercultural Outcomes: Differences Experienced Between International Exchange Students and U.S. Study Abroad Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3800.

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A major focus of many U.S. higher-education institutions is to increase internationalization of their campus through, in part, the promotion of study abroad experiences among domestic students and to recruit and retain international students to their institution. This study explored the effects of certain factors on various domains of the Global Engagement Measurement Scale (GEMS) – Cultural Engagement, Ambiguity Tolerance, Knowledge of Host Site, and Diversity Openness – among U.S. students who have studied abroad and international exchange students who have studied in the U.S. There was a particular focus, on determining whether U.S. study abroad students, compared to international students, rate differently on GEMS scales, after controlling for other possible confounding variables. Participants were recruited from three Southeastern, public, 4-year universities and were eligible if they were enrolled at any of those universities in the last five years. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed several factors significantly affected each of the various outcomes on the GEMS. Cultural Engagement and Ambiguity Tolerance were both predicted by the institution of study and the type of student (U.S. study abroad versus international exchange). Knowledge of Host Site was predicted by whether or not the trip was government sponsored, pre-trip familiarity with the host culture, and type of student. The overall regression model for Diversity Openness was not significant. These results provide insights into key factors that affect the overall global engagement of college students and can be used to inform university faculty and staff about features they can add to improve campus internationalization efforts.
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Howell, Catherine Johnson. "Tolerance limits based on indirect measurements." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24862.

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Books on the topic "Measurement tolerance"

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1952-, Schulze Alfred, ed. Measurement process qualification: Gage acceptance and measurement uncertainty according to current standards. Munich: Hanser Publications, 2011.

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Measurement of geometric tolerances in manufacturing. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998.

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International, Forum on Dimensional Tolerancing and Metrology (1993 Dearborn Mich ). Proceedings of the 1993 International Forum on Dimensional Tolerancing and Metrology: Presented at the 1993 International Forum on Dimensional Tolerancing and Metrology, Dearborn, Michigan, june 17-19, 1993. New York: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993.

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Ji he liang gong cha yu jian ce. 9th ed. Shanghai: Shanghai ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 2010.

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Dimensioning, tolerancing, and gaging applied. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1999.

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Fischbach, Kai, and Udo R. Krieger, eds. Measurement, Modelling, and Evaluation of Computing Systems and Dependability and Fault Tolerance. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05359-2.

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Schmitt, Jens B., ed. Measurement, Modelling, and Evaluation of Computing Systems and Dependability and Fault Tolerance. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28540-0.

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Müller-Clostermann, Bruno, Klaus Echtle, and Erwin P. Rathgeb, eds. Measurement, Modelling, and Evaluation of Computing Systems and Dependability and Fault Tolerance. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12104-3.

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Internationales Oberflächenkolloquium (9th 1996 Technische Universität Chemnitz-Zwickau). IX. Internationales Oberflächenkolloquium: 29. bis 31. Januar 1996. Chemnitz: Die Universität, 1995.

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Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing: Applications, analysis & measurement (per ASME Y14.5-2009). Hendersonville, TN: James D. Meadows & Associates, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Measurement tolerance"

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Weik, Martin H. "measurement tolerance." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 993. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_11260.

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Weik, Martin H. "phase measurement tolerance." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1261. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_13922.

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Saglietti, Francesca. "Measurement of Diversity Degree by Quantification of Dissimilarity in the Input Partition." In Software Fault Tolerance, 125–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84725-7_7.

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Lund, Anette, and Anja Thoe Fuglsang. "Purification of Plant Plasma Membranes by Two-Phase Partitioning and Measurement of H+ Pumping." In Plant Salt Tolerance, 217–23. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-986-0_14.

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Glang, Reinhard. "Measurement and Distribution of Faults on Defect Test Site Chips." In Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems, 93–104. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6799-8_9.

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Beguinot, Francesco, and Cecilia Nigro. "Measurement of Glucose Homeostasis In Vivo: Glucose and Insulin Tolerance Tests." In Animal Models in Diabetes Research, 219–28. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-068-7_14.

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Marusak, Piotr M. "Disturbance Measurement Utilization in Easily Reconfigurable Fuzzy Predictive Controllers: Sensor Fault Tolerance and Other Benefits." In Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing, 551–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13529-3_59.

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Moroni, Giovanni, and Stefano Petrò. "Coordinate Measuring Machine Measurement Planning." In Geometric Tolerances, 111–58. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-311-4_4.

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Babourina, Olga, and Zed Rengel. "Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) Measurements in Salinity Research." In Plant Salt Tolerance, 149–61. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-986-0_9.

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Nakatani, S., K. Ozaki, K. Hara, and H. Mogami. "Intracranial Volume and Pressure Load Tolerance Evaluated by Continuous Measurement of Doppler Flow Velocity in Intracranial Vessels in Cats." In Intracranial Pressure VII, 109–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73987-3_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Measurement tolerance"

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Vemulapalli, Prabath, Jami J. Shah, and Joseph K. Davidson. "Reconciling the Differences Between Tolerance Specification and Measurement Methods." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1206.

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The ASME Y14.5M standard has defined different types of tolerances that can be applied to a feature to achieve the required functionality. Each tolerance defines a zone within which the feature under inspection must lie. The conformance of the parts to these tolerances is checked by manual measurements or a CMM. But it has been observed that the measurements between different CMMs do not match. There are two generally accepted reasons for this discrepancy. The first one is the measurement uncertainty in CMM software. This problem was addressed by NIST by developing reference softwares for feature fitting algorithms. And the second one is the distinct choice of algorithms for fitting substitute feature to the data points measured from CMM. Feature fitting algorithms used in CMMs are often based on their mathematical convenience rather than the interpretation of definitions in the GD&T standard. Our research is focused on identifying that normative algorithm that is best to be used for each type of tolerance. Each normative algorithm is identified as the one to best represent the interpretation of geometric control as defined by the Standard and on the manual methods used for the measurement of a specific tolerance type.
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Heling, Björn, Andreas Michael Müller, Benjamin Schleich, Tino Hausotte, and Sandro Wartzack. "Consideration and Impact Assessment of Measurement Uncertainty in the Context of Tolerance Analysis." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11328.

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Abstract Virtual product validation ensures that products fulfil their function under different varying conditions. Within the framework of virtual product validation, variation simulation represents the specific area that deals with the consequences of geometric part variations on functional key characteristics. In addition to the nominal geometry of the parts, the permissible part deviations in the form of tolerances, the joining sequence and process variations during assembly are required to simulate the effects of geometrical part deviations on assembly or product key characteristics. If the required quality targets are not achieved, the part tolerances usually have to be tightened, which goes hand in hand with increased production costs. The achievable part tolerances depend, among other things, on the material used, the workpiece dimensions, the manufacturing process, but also on the interaction between these factors. Therefore, the prediction of specific manufacturing process dependent deviations is hardly possible. However, if predictions should be made as exactly as possible, there is also the possibility to integrate measurement data directly or indirectly into the tolerance analysis. This has the advantage that material- and production-specific deviations can be considered in the best possible way for a certain part geometry. However, if measurement data is integrated into tolerance analysis, the problem arises that, in addition to the actual component deviation, the measurement uncertainty as part of the measurement result, must be implicitly determined in order to also be taken into account. Conversely, the tolerance analysis results are also influenced by the measurement uncertainty. To tackle this issue a novel procedure is presented which allows the quantification of the influence of the measurement uncertainty on the result of the tolerance analysis. In addition, it is shown how the measurement uncertainty is determined, whereby in particular the single point measurement uncertainty is dealt with. Since the measurement uncertainty can be different for each measuring point, Skin Model Shapes are used for tolerance analysis in order to have the possibility for defining point specific information. The developed procedure is then applied to a suitable case-study. CT measurements are used as the measurement method for determination of the single point measurement uncertainties. Finally, different scenarios for the tolerance analysis are compared in order to quantify the influence of the measurement uncertainty in the best possible way.
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Yau, Hong-Tzong, and Kuei-Wu Chen. "General Form Tolerance Evaluation Using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/dac-1048.

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Abstract Tolerance evaluation is critical to quality assurance in modern manufacturing. In contrast to traditional measurement which relies on specific hard gauges, coordinate measuring machines provide more flexibility for dimensional measurement and tolerance evaluations. To fully automate CMM inspection and tolerance evaluation, CAD/CMM integration is an important key. Although the subject of CAD-directed inspection has been widely researched, CAD model-based tolerance evaluation has received less attention. This paper presents a CAD model-based approach for evaluating general form tolerances using non-uniform rational B-splines. Unlike classical methods which construct substitute geometric features from the measurement data, this method evaluates form tolerances by comparing the measurement data with a nominal CAD model. Nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS) is used to represent general form features since NURBS offers a common format for modeling precisely all the different form features. With this unified database, a general best-fit algorithm is developed that can be applied to the evaluation of various form tolerances. Computer simulations have been performed on different form features to study the robustness and efficiency of the algorithm. Application to the measurement of turbine wheel die segment is also presented.
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Ha, Sungdo, Inshik Hwang, Myon Woong Park, and Hyung-Min Rho. "CMM Measurement Planning in FAPPS." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/cie-14643.

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Abstract FAPPS (Feature-based Automatic Process Planning System) is developed as a comprehensive metal cutting process planning system operated in PC environments. It can recognize the machining features automatically from a given 3D part design model, and then generates operation sheets, divided process drawings, NC codes, and inspection sheet. It consists of the following modules: tolerance input module for menu-driven input of tolerances, feature recognition module for automatic recognition of pre-defined machining features and compound features, process planning module for rule based determination of machining processes, divided process drawing module for automatic generation of divided process drawings, operation planning module for rule based generation of specific operation plans, and measurement planning module for automatic generation of CMM measurement plans. The CMM measurement planning in FAPPS uses both geometric information and tolerance information from CAD files in order to determine measurement surfaces, number and positions of measurement points, and measurement sequences for inspecting machined parts. The measurement plan is represented in DMIS format for automated measurements using CMM’s. The measurement planning module that is realized in FAPPS is explained in this paper with the developed algorithms. Fuzzy logic calculation is used to determine the number of measurement points and geometric consideration for selecting measurement positions is performed.
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Xie, Tie-Bang, Wen-Ming Yao, and Dong-Lian Zheng. "Indication of cone tolerance and its evaluation of errors." In Measurement Technology and Intelligent Instruments, edited by Li Zhu. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.156260.

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Talebi, Saeed, Lauri Koskela, and Patricia Tzortzopoulos. "Tolerance Compliance Measurement Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner." In 26th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction. International Group for Lean Construction, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24928/2018/0539.

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Wang, Yu, Shilendra Gupta, and Srinavas Rao. "Slicing: A Procedure for Tolerance Evaluation of Manufactured Parts Using CMM Measurement Data." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0039.

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Abstract This paper presents a sampling and processing procedure for tolerance evaluation of machined parts. In this method, deviations of the measured points from their ideal feature surface are evaluated in the plane where the data is measured by a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). This procedure is called slicing. It is shown that the use of the structure inherent in measurement data has a potential in reducing computational complexity for evaluation of certain types of form tolerances without significant loss of accuracy. An application of the proposed method to the development of manufactured part model for automotive spaceframe structures is also discussed.
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Yau, Hong-Tzong. "Extension of Vectorial Tolerances for Coordinate Measurement Analysis." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-047.

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In recent years, vectorial tolerancing has emerged as a new alternative of representing workpiece tolerances. In contrast with conventional geometric tolerances that originated from hard gauging practice, vectorial tolerancing follows the working principle of coordinate measuring machines and CAD/CAM systems. Moreover it provides feedback from measurement directly to manufacturing process control. Many believe it is a better tolerancing method to tie design, manufacturing, and measurement together. However, current proposal of vectorial tolerancing has several limitations. First, the current orientation vector is inadequate for representing true 3D orientation. As a result, the orientation of a free form surface can not be properly established. Second, there has not been much discussion on the subject of vectorial tolerance evaluation. This paper proposes a new orientation vector which provides a more general mathematical basis for representing vectorial tolerances. It enables true 3D orientation representation and relates tolerances to functional requirement. With the mathematical definition, a systematic evaluation approach becomes possible for both analytical geometric elements and free form surfaces. Computer simulation and real-world application were studied to validate this new approach.
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De Capua, Claudio, and Rosario Morello. "A Procedure to Test Tolerance and Faulty States for Measurement Instrumentation." In 2006 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2006.328636.

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Claudio De Capua. "A Procedure to Test Tolerance and Faulty States for Measurement Instrumentation." In 2006 IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2006.235503.

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Reports on the topic "Measurement tolerance"

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Mostul, Burl. Measurement of Ambiguity Tolerance (MAT-50): Further Construct Validation. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2511.

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Hart, Carl. Vibration survey of Room 47 with a laser doppler vibrometer : Main Laboratory Basement, U.S. Army ERDC-CRREL. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38919.

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Plans are underway to create an acousto-optic laboratory on the campus of the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. For this purpose, existing space in the basement of the Main Laboratory will be renovated. Demanding measurement techniques, such as interferometry, require a sufficiently quiet vibration environment (i.e., low vibration levels). As such, characterization of existing vibration conditions is necessary to determine vibration isolation requirements so that highly sensitive measurement activities are feasible. To this end, existing vibro-acoustic conditions were briefly surveyed in Room 47, a part of the future laboratory. The survey measured ambient noise and ambient vertical floor vibrations. The ambient vibration environment was characterized according to generic velocity criteria (VC), which are one-third octave band vibration limits. At the time of the survey, the ambient vibration environment fell under a VC-A designation, where the tolerance limit is 2000 μin/s across all one-third octave bands. Under this condition, highly sensitive measurement activities are feasible on a vibration-isolated working surface. The conclusion of this report provides isolation efficiency requirements that satisfy VC-E limits (125 μin/s), which are necessary for interferometric measurements.
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Roberts, John W., Alan Mink, and Robert J. Carpenter. On the measurement of fault-tolerant parallel processors. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.87-3568.

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Fox, K., T. Edwards, and W. Riley. Composition and Wash Solution Measurements for LAW Melter Sulfur Tolerance Study Glasses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1423997.

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Roye, Thorsten. Unsettled Technology Areas in Deterministic Assembly Approaches for Industry 4.0. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021018.

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Increased production rates and cost reduction are affecting manufacturing in all sectors of the mobility industry. One enabling methodology that could achieve these goals in the burgeoning “Industry 4.0” environment is the deterministic assembly (DA) approach. The DA approach is defined as an optimized assembly process; it always forms the same final structure and has a strong link to design-for-assembly and design-for-automation methodologies. It also looks at the whole supply chain, enabling drastic savings at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) level by reducing recurring costs and lead time. Within Industry 4.0, DA will be required mainly for the aerospace and the space industry, but serves as an interesting approach for other industries assembling large and/or complex components. In its entirety, the DA approach connects an entire supply chain—from part manufacturing at an elementary level to an OEM’s final assembly line level. Addressing the whole process of aircraft design and manufacturing is necessary to develop further collaboration models between OEMs and the supply chain, including addressing the most pressing technology challenges. Since all parts aggregate at the OEM level, the OEM—as an integrator of all these single parts—needs special end-to-end methodologies to drastically decrease cost and lead time. This holistic approach can be considered in part design as well (in the design-for-automation and design-for-assembly philosophy). This allows for quicker assembly at the OEM level, such as “part-to-part” or “hole-to-hole” approaches, versus traditional, classical assembly methods like manual measurement or measurement-assisted assembly. In addition, it can increase flexibility regarding rate changes in production (such as those due to pandemic- or climate-related environmental challenges). The standardization and harmonization of these areas would help all industries and designers to have a deterministic approach with an end-to-end concept. Simulations can easily compare possible production and assembly steps with different impacts on local and global tolerances. Global measurement feedback needs high-accuracy turnkey solutions, which are very costly and inflexible. The goal of standardization would be to use Industry 4.0 feedback and features, as well as to define several building blocks of the DA approach as a one-way assembly (also known as one-up assembly, or “OUA”), false one-way assembly, “Jig-as-Master,” etc., up to the hole-to-hole assembly approach. The evolution of these assembly principles and the link to simulation approaches are undefined and unsolved domains; they are discussed in this report. They must be discussed in greater depth with aims of (first) clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needs and (second) prioritizing the issues requiring standardization. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.

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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.
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