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Journal articles on the topic 'Measurement resolution'

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Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Vaid, Y. P., and S. Sivathayalan. "Errors in estimates of void ratio of laboratory sand specimens." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1017–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t96-128.

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Serious errors in assigning void ratio to a laboratory sand specimen can occur due to poor resolutions in the measurement of its physical dimensions. The extent of these errors for given resolutions in the measurements of specimen diameter and (or) height is discussed, and their implications in estimates of undrained residual strength are pointed out in the steady-state analysis of sand structures that could be susceptible to flow slides. Alternatives for a more confident and consistent assignment of void ratio are proposed that circumvent the generally low resolutions in measurements of specimen diameter and height and utilize only the high-resolution mass measurements. Key words: measurement resolution, void ratio error, sand, liquefaction, residual strength, flow slide.

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2

Bentley, J., N. D. Evans, and E. A. Kenik. "Measurement of Scanning Electron Microscope resolution." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 1044–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100172954.

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The resolution performance of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a primary specification of the instrument. For a high-resolution SEM (HRSEM) equipped with a field emission gun (FEG), image resolutions of less than 2 nm are commonly claimed. Generally, both manufacturers and customers identify image resolution as the single most important performance criterion. It is traditionally determined with specimens such as gold islands on bulk carbon supports, where the minimum apparent separation of two islands is claimed as the resolution. This procedure is highly subjective since the spacings are not known independently. Dodson and Joy have pointed out the paradox implicit in this approach-that “the resolution of a given instrument can be verified only after a better instrument is available to characterize the structure spacing.” By analogy to the now standard approach for high-resolution transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), Dodson and Joy investigated the use of Fourier Transforms (FT) of high-resolution SEM images for measuring resolution.

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3

Schamp, C. T. "High-Resolution Metrology in the TEM." Microscopy Today 20, no. 3 (May 2012): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929512000363.

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The transmission electron microscope (TEM) is well known as the technique of choice for visualization and measurement of features at near-atomic length scales, particularly for semiconductor devices. For example, a critical measurement of interest may be the thickness of the gate oxide in a transistor. The accuracy of these measurements is based on calibrated distances at each magnification. The term accuracy conveys the extent to which the measurement minimizes the difference between the measured value and the true value. The associated term precision is the closeness of agreement in a series of measurements locating the end-points of a measurement line. This article describes a method that increases the accuracy of metrology measurements applied to a high-resolution TEM image.

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4

Hershgold, M. E., and M. J. Luetkemeier. "HIGH RESOLUTION HEMATOCRIT MEASUREMENT." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (May 1992): S153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00915.

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5

Wilhelm, Paul, Michael Eggert, Julia Hornig, and Stefan Oertel. "High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Bistatic Wind Lidar." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 7602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167602.

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The high-resolution bistatic lidar developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) aims to overcome the limitations of conventional monostatic lidar technology, which is widely used for wind velocity measurements in wind energy and meteorology applications. Due to the large measurement volume of a combined optical transmitter and receiver tilting in multiple directions, monostatic lidar generally has poor spatial and temporal resolution. It also exhibits large measurement uncertainty when operated in inhomogeneous flow; for instance, over complex terrain. In contrast, PTB’s bistatic lidar uses three dedicated receivers arranged around a central transmitter, resulting in an exceptionally small measurement volume. The coherent detection and modulation schemes used allow the detection of backscattered, Doppler shifted light down to the scale of single aerosols, realising the simultaneous measurement of all three wind velocity components. This paper outlines the design details and theory of operation of PTB’s bistatic lidar and provides an overview of selected comparative measurements. The results of these measurements show that the measurement uncertainty of PTB’s bistatic lidar is well within the measurement uncertainty of traditional cup anemometers while being fully independent of its site and traceable to the SI units. This allows its use as a transfer standard for the calibration of other remote sensing devices. Overall, PTB’s bistatic lidar shows great potential to improve the capability and accuracy of wind velocity measurements, such as for the investigation of highly dynamic flow processes upstream and in the wake of wind turbines.

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6

Luedemann, Hans-Christian. "Interferometric Volume Measurement in Microplates." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 22, no. 1 (September 25, 2016): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2211068216669689.

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Low-coherence interferometry is presented as a method for nondestructive, noncontact, and high-resolution measurement of liquid volumes and fill heights in microplates. A Meniscense (Bolton, MA) prototype system captures both fill height and meniscus shape and combines them into a volume measurement, allowing for the measurement of a wide range of liquids with different meniscus shapes. The system has a liquid fill height resolution of 0.7 µm, corresponding to a volume resolution of 0.02 µL in a typical 96-well plate, demonstrated in an ideal model system. Initial data on the gravimetric verification of volume measurements on aliquots of distilled water between 50 and 350 µL in a 96-well plate suggest an inaccuracy of volume measurement of <2%. The Meniscense system offers accuracy comparable to ratiometric photometry, the only commercially available high-resolution volume measurement system. Its fill height resolution is substantially better than that of ultrasonic ranging, the only other noncontact, nondestructive method for fill height measurement.

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7

Okamoto, Yasuhide, Sho Kanzaki, Ayako Kanno, Takeshi Nakaichi, Takashi Morimoto, Kouta Harada, Eri Kubota, and Kaoru Ogawa. "Temporal resolution measurement in presbyacusis." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 57, no. 6 (2014): 694–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.57.694.

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8

Taraldsen, Gunnar. "Instrument resolution and measurement accuracy." Metrologia 43, no. 6 (November 13, 2006): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/43/6/009.

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9

van den Bos, A. "Resolution in model-based measurement." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 51, no. 5 (October 2002): 1055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2002.806031.

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10

IIZUKA, Takaaki, and Yasushi NIITSU. "OS01F087 High Resolution Measurement of Luminous Marker Position by Image Processing." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS01F087——_OS01F087—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os01f087-.

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11

Zou, X., and J. Yao. "Microwave frequency measurement with improved measurement range and resolution." Electronics Letters 45, no. 10 (2009): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2009.0404.

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12

Vykhristyuk, Ignat, Rodion Kulikov, and Evgeny Sysoev. "IMPROVEMENT OF LATERAL RESOLUTION UNDER DIMENSIONAL MEASUREMENTS OF NANORELIEF STEP STUCTURES." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 8 (2019): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-8-183-190.

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The phase shifting interferometry methods allow to reach longitudinal resolution up to ~ 0.1 nm, but value of lateral resolution remains on level of ~ 1 μm. For providing of high lateral resolution of linear measurements in the interference microscope profilometer it was proposed to use the sensor of sharp-edge position detection. Principle of sensor’s measurement is based on registration of laser spot intensity scattered by the measurement sample surface under displacement of sample in the lateral direction. Measurement process and experimental results are presented. The combining of measurement results performed by the profilometer and the sensor of sharp-edge position detection can allow to increase the resolution of measurement of distance between sharp edges on the reconstructed surface nanorelief.

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13

Grzelak, Sławomir, Jarosław Czoków, Marcin Kowalski, and Marek Zieliński. "Ultrasonic Flow Measurement with High Resolution." Metrology and Measurement Systems 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2014-0026.

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Abstract The ultrasonic flowmeter which is described in this paper, measures the transit of time of an ultrasonic pulse. This device consists of two ultrasonic transducers and a high resolution time interval measurement module. An ultrasonic transducer emits a characteristic wave packet (transmit mode). When the transducer is in receive mode, a characteristic wave packet is formed and it is connected to the time interval measurement module inputs. The time interval measurement module allows registration of transit time differences of a few pulses in the packet. In practice, during a single measuring cycle a few time-stamps are registered. Moreover, the measurement process is also synchronous and, by applying the statistics, the time interval measurement uncertainty improves even in a single measurement. In this article, besides a detailed discussion on the principle of operation of the ultrasonic flowmeter implemented in the FPGA structure, also the test results are presented and discussed

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14

Lord, Marilyn. "Spatial resolution in plantar pressure measurement." Medical Engineering & Physics 19, no. 2 (March 1997): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4533(96)00057-4.

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15

Rokushika, Souji, Hiroyuki Hatano, Michael A. Baim, and Herbert H. Hill. "Resolution measurement for ion mobility spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry 57, no. 9 (August 1985): 1902–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00286a023.

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16

Brida, G. "High resolution frequency stability measurement system." Review of Scientific Instruments 73, no. 5 (May 2002): 2171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1464654.

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17

Cizmar, P., A. E. Vladár, B. Ming, and M. T. Postek. "Simulated SEM images for resolution measurement." Scanning 30, no. 5 (September 2008): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sca.20120.

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18

Tunnicliffe, Jon, Allen S. Gottesfeld, and Mustafa Mohamed. "High resolution measurement of bedload transport." Hydrological Processes 14, no. 15 (2000): 2631–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(20001030)14:15<2631::aid-hyp83>3.0.co;2-c.

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19

Merklein, Thomas M. "High resolution measurement of multilayer structures." Applied Optics 29, no. 4 (February 1, 1990): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.29.000505.

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20

Nikoonahad, M., and F. Li. "High-resolution ultrasound transverse flow measurement." Electronics Letters 24, no. 4 (1988): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19880137.

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21

Antsiferov, P. S. "Linewidth measurement under poor spectral resolution." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 55, no. 1 (January 1996): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(96)81784-5.

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22

Grzelak, Sławomir, Marcin Kowalski, Jarosław Czoków, and Marek Zieliński. "HIGH RESOLUTION TIME-INTERVAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS APPLIED TO FLOW MEASUREMENT." Metrology and Measurement Systems 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2014-0008.

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Abstract The designing process of high resolution time interval measurement systems creates many problems that need to be eliminated. The problems are: the latch error, the nonlinearity conversion, the different duty cycle coefficient of the clock signal, and the clock signal jitter. Factors listed above affect the result of measurement. The FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) structure also imposes some restrictions, especially when a tapped delay line is constructed. The article describes the high resolution time-to-digital converter, implemented in a FPGA structure, and the types of errors that appear there. The method of minimization and processing of data to reduce the influence of errors on the measurement is also described.

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23

Kühnel, Michael, Florian Fern, and Thomas Fröhlich. "Novel monolithic pendulum tiltmeter with Nanorad resolution." tm - Technisches Messen 85, no. 4 (April 25, 2018): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2017-0097.

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Abstract Tiltmeters with nanorad resolution in a large measurement range of ±9 mrad (±0.5○) and a very good linearity have been developed at the Technische Universität Ilmenau in the recent years. The working principle bases on the measurement of tilt-dependent lateral forces, which act on a hanging force-compensated weigh cell (precision balance). The disadvantage is the relatively complex design of the weigh cell mechanics, the large dead weight and the high manufacturing costs. For that reason a simplified tiltmeter was developed. It only consists of two components: a monolithic pendulum mechanics and an optical position sensor. State of the art pendulum tiltmeters contain several components that are linked by screwed, clamped or glued connections. This can limit the long-term-, temperature- or humidity stability of the tiltmeter. The position sensor achieves a standard deviation of ∼ 50 pm at a measuring frequency of 10 Hz. The length of the pendulum amounts to 0.1 m, its mass is ∼ 62 g. With this combination, the theoretical standard deviation of the tilt measurement should result to ∼ 0.6 nrad at 10 Hz measuring frequency and was approved by measurements. The measurement range of the new monolithic tiltmeter amounts ∼ ±2 mrad.

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24

Song, Shijie, Xiaoke Yi, Lu Gan, Wenjian Yang, Linh Nguyen, Suen Chew, Liwei Li, and Robert Minasian. "Photonic-Assisted Scanning Receivers for Microwave Frequency Measurement." Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9020328.

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We present a novel technique based on matrix pencil assisted deconvolution to improve the measurement resolution in scanning receiver systems for microwave frequency measurements. By modeling the scanning receiver output as the cross-correlation of the input modulated signal with the filter’s spectral response and applying the matrix pencil algorithm to convolve the detected optical signal at the receiver output, our technique offers precise estimations of both the frequency and power information of microwave signals with an improved measurement resolution. A multi-tone microwave signal measurement based on an optical filter is experimentally demonstrated, showing a significant measurement resolution reduction from 1 GHz to 0.4 GHz for two radio frequency (RF) tones, which is only about 30.2% of the optical filter bandwidth.

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25

Schuldt, Thilo, Martin Gohlke, Dennis Weise, Achim Peters, Ulrich Johann, and Claus Braxmaier. "High-Resolution Dimensional Metrology for Industrial Applications." Key Engineering Materials 437 (May 2010): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.113.

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In this paper, we present the current status of our heterodyne interferometer with demonstrated noise levels below 5 pm/Hz in translation and below 10 nrad/Hz in tilt measurement, both for frequencies above 10-2 Hz. The interferometer, based on a highly symmetric design where reference and measurement beam have the same frequency and polarization, utilizes intensity stabilization and phaselock of the heterodyne frequency. Currently, we develop a new enhanced interferometer setup based on a mechanically and thermally highly stable glass ceramic. While the interferometer was developed with respect to the specific requirements of the LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) space mission, it is also the basis for applications in high-precision dilatometry and industrial metrology. We present a prototype dilatometer with which we measured the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) with an accuracy below 10-7/K. For surface property measurements, we develop an actuation of the measurement beam over the surface under investigation.

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26

Gerding, M., T. Musch, and B. Schiek. "Precision level measurement based on time-domain reflection (TDR) measurements." Advances in Radio Science 1 (May 5, 2003): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-1-27-2003.

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Abstract. A system for a high precision multi target level measurement based on guided microwave pulses is presented. A wide-band technique based on time-domain reflectometry (TDR) in combination with a TEM-waveguide as the probe fulfils the requirements of mm-precision level measurements in tanks. The coaxial waveguide provides very low dispersion for wide-band signals. Inside the coaxial waveguide the different fluids with their specific dielectric constants influence the waveguide’s characteristic impedance, so that reflections take place at each discontinuity and separating layer respectively. A second very important requirement of the system is a high resolution. Thin layers (< 10 mm) should be measured reliably. For that reason the pulse width must be sufficiently small. In this case a pulse width about 100 ps is suitable. It is obvious, that a high bandwidth of the whole system is necessary to provide the precision and the resolution. One further requirement is a nearly jitter free generation of two pulse trains with slightly different pulse repetition rates. These pulse trains are used for sequential sampling. The following analog to digital conversion of the received signal occurs at a relatively slow rate, in order to allow an A/D conversion with a high resolution.

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27

IIZUKA, Takaaki, and Yasushi NIITSU. "OS01-2-5 High Resolution Measurement of Luminous Marker Position by Image Processing." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS01–2–5—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os01-2-5-.

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28

Crammond, G., S. W. Boyd, and Janice M. Dulieu-Barton. "Speckle Pattern Characterisation for High Resolution Digital Image Correlation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 70 (August 2011): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.70.261.

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Digital image correlation (DIC) is an optical technique for full field deformation measurement. The spatial resolution and precision of the measurements are limited by the number of pixels within the image. The use of magnifying optics provides greater spatial resolution images, enabling smaller displacements to be observed with greater accuracy. Increasing the magnification of an image significantly changes the appearance of the non-periodic, stochastic speckle pattern which provides the grey scale contrast necessary for the image correlation method. In the paper a methodology is developed to evaluate the properties of different speckle pattern types under a range of resolutions up to 705 pixel / mm. Numerical deformation of the patterns is also undertaken to evaluate how the changes in the pattern properties affect the accuracy of the DIC measurements.

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29

Ceccherini, S., U. Cortesi, P. T. Verronen, and E. Kyrölä. "Technical Note: Continuity of MIPAS-ENVISAT operational ozone data quality from full- to reduced-spectral-resolution operation mode." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 8 (April 21, 2008): 2201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2201-2008.

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Abstract. MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) is operating on the ENVIronmental SATellite (ENVISAT) since March 2002. After two years of nearly continuous limb scanning measurements, at the end of March 2004, the instrument was stopped due to problems with the mirror drive of the interferometer. Operations with reduced maximum path difference, corresponding to both a reduced-spectral-resolution and a shorter measurement time, were resumed on January 2005. In order to exploit the reduction in measurement time, the measurement scenario was changed adopting a finer vertical limb scanning. The change of spectral resolution and of measurement scenario entailed an update of the data processing strategy. The aim of this paper is the assessment of the differences in the quality of the MIPAS ozone data acquired before and after the stop of the operations. Two sets of MIPAS ozone profiles acquired in 2003–2004 (full-resolution measurements) and in 2005–2006 (reduced-resolution measurements) are compared with collocated ozone profiles obtained by GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars), itself also onboard ENVISAT. The continuity of the GOMOS data quality allows to assess a possible discontinuity of the MIPAS performances. The relative bias and precision of MIPAS ozone profiles with respect to the GOMOS ones have been compared for the measurements acquired before and after the stop of the MIPAS operations. The results of the comparison show that, in general, the quality of the MIPAS ozone profiles retrieved from reduced-resolution measurements is comparable or better than that obtained from the full-resolution dataset. The only significant change in MIPAS performances is observed at pressures around 2 hPa, where the relative bias of the instruments increases by a factor of 2 from the 2003–2004 to 2005–2006 measurements.

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30

Ceccherini, S., U. Cortesi, P. T. Verronen, and E. Kyrölä. "Technical Note: Continuity of MIPAS-ENVISAT ozone data quality from full- to reduced-spectral-resolution operation mode." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2008): 797–825. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-797-2008.

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Abstract. MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) is operating on the ENVIronmental SATellite (ENVISAT) since March 2002. After two years of nearly continuous limb scanning measurements, at the end of March 2004, the instrument was stopped due to problems with the mirror drive of the interferometer. Operations with reduced maximum path difference, corresponding to both a reduced-spectral-resolution and a shorter measurement time, were resumed on January 2005. In order to exploit the reduction in measurement time, the measurement scenario was changed adopting a finer vertical limb scanning. The change of spectral resolution and of measurement scenario entailed an update of the data processing strategy. The aim of this paper is the assessment of the differences in the quality of the MIPAS ozone data acquired before and after the stop of the operations. Two sets of MIPAS ozone profiles acquired in 2003–2004 (full-resolution measurements) and in 2005–2006 (reduced-resolution measurements) are compared with collocated ozone profiles obtained by GOMOS (Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars), itself also onboard ENVISAT. The continuity of the GOMOS data quality allows to assess a possible discontinuity of the MIPAS performances. The relative bias and precision of MIPAS ozone profiles with respect to the GOMOS ones have been compared for the measurements acquired before and after the stop of the MIPAS operations. The results of the comparison show that, in general, the quality of the MIPAS ozone profiles retrieved from reduced-resolution measurements is comparable or better than that obtained from the full-resolution dataset. The only significant change in MIPAS performances is observed at pressures around 2 hPa, where the relative bias of the instruments increases by a factor of 2 from the 2003–2004 to 2005–2006 measurements.

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31

Zielinski, Marek, Dariusz Chaberski, Maciej Gurski, and Marcin Kowalski. "Multi tapped delay line time-interval measurement system implemented in a programmable structure." ACTA IMEKO 3, no. 3 (September 23, 2014): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v3i3.57.

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This paper describes a time-interval measurement system with increased resolution using multiple taped delay lines. In this time-interval measurement system, sixteen time-stamps are registered during a single measuring cycle (one shot). It means that the value of the measured time-interval can be interpolated with higher resolution without increasing the number of measurements or the interpolation time. Limiting the total measurement time reduces the energy consumption which is particularly important in battery powered systems.

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32

Cooper, David, and Jean Luc Rouviere. "Strain Measurement with Nanometre Resolution by Transmission Electron Microscopy." Advanced Materials Research 996 (August 2014): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.996.3.

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Strain is routinely used in state-of-the-art semiconductor devices in order to improve their electrical performance. Here we present experimental strain measurements obtained by different transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based techniques. Dark field electron holography, nanobeam electron diffraction (NBED) and high angle annular dark field scanning electron microscopy (HAADF STEM) are demonstrated. In this paper we demonstrate the spatial resolution and sensitivity of these different techniques on a simple calibration specimen where the accuracy of the measurement can easily be assessed.

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33

Li, Wei, Ning Hua Zhu, and Li Xian Wang. "Brillouin-assisted microwave frequency measurement with adjustable measurement range and resolution." Optics Letters 37, no. 2 (January 10, 2012): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.37.000166.

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34

Ling, D. S. H., H. Y. Hsu, G. C. I. Lin, and S. H. Lee. "Improving Measurement Accuracy Using Image Super-Resolution." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 699–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.699.

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A super resolution measurement technique is proposed to improve the accuracy of the automated stereovision measurement systems. Image super resolution is useful to reconstruct a visually enhanced high resolution image from a set of low resolution images. Due to the ill conditioning problem of the super resolution model, a-priori information is augmented into the model. We examined different a-priori and concluded that the Solution norm is the most suitable apriori to be used with the optimization technique described. Experiment also showed that the super resolution technique could perform measurement on small images, which are not possible without the technique. An increase in measurement accuracy from 99.73% to 99.91% is obtained.

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35

von Lindern, L., S. Berger, and D. Mergenhagen. "High-Resolution Measurement of Circadian Periodicities inAcetabularia." Chronobiology International 11, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420529409057226.

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36

邢, 冀川, 仙. 杜, 海棠方, and 记伟徐. "Measurement of Color Resolution for Color Cameras." Infrared Technoiogy 42, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.7101791849.

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37

Watanabe, Kazuhiro, Takeshi Murakami, Kenji Hatakeyama, and Toshio Fukuda. "296. Measurement of spatial resolution of crosstalk." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 50, no. 8 (1994): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003326096.

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38

Härting, M., and G. Fritsch. "Non-Destructive Stress Measurement with Depth Resolution." Materials Science Forum 79-82 (January 1991): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.79-82.159.

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39

AKETAGAWA, Masato. "Displacement Measurement Method with Picometer Order Resolution." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 85, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.85.318.

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40

Vilas, J. L., J. Oton, C. Messaoudi, R. Melero, P. Conesa, E. Ramirez-Aportela, J. Mota, et al. "Measurement of local resolution in electron tomography." Journal of Structural Biology: X 4 (2020): 100016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjsbx.2019.100016.

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41

KELLY, MAUREEN E., MAURIE J. LUETKEMEIER, and GEORGE M. PANTALOS. "A justification for high resolution hematocrit measurement." Medicine & Science in sports & Exercise 26, no. 5 (May 1994): 547???550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199405000-00004.

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42

Liburdy, James A. "Holocinematographic velocimetry: resolution limitation for flow measurement." Applied Optics 26, no. 19 (October 1, 1987): 4250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.004250.

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43

Tsai, Tung-Hsien, Kuang-Chao Fan, and Jong-I. Mou. "A variable-resolution optical profile measurement system." Measurement Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2002): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/13/2/309.

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Egami, Chikara, Atsuo Ito, and Yingzhi Liu. "Nonlinear Confocal Microscopy for High-Resolution Measurement." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 47, no. 8 (August 22, 2008): 6826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.47.6826.

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Vargas, E. A., and R. C. Ruiz. "Axial resolution criteria for pulse_echo measurement technique." IEEE Latin America Transactions 2, no. 2 (June 2004): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2004.1468624.

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Cabral, E. A. V., and R. C. Ruiz. "Axial resolution criteria for pulse_echo measurement technique." IEEE Latin America Transactions 2, no. 2 (June 2004): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tla.2004.1642383.

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Onacak, Turkay. "Micron Resolution Electromechanical Liquid Level Measurement System." Instrumentation Science & Technology 35, no. 5 (September 2007): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10739140701540420.

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Storey, Pippa, Matthew Collett, and Daniel Walls. "Atomic-position resolution by quadrature-field measurement." Physical Review A 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.47.405.

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Ihlefeld, Curtis M., Bradley M. Burns, and Robert C. Youngquist. "A Portable High-Resolution Surface Measurement Device." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 62, no. 1 (January 2013): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2212511.

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Zhang, Zhihui, David K. Heidary, and Christopher I. Richards. "High resolution measurement of membrane receptor endocytosis." Journal of Biological Methods 5, no. 4 (December 12, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14440/jbm.2018.266.

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