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Eriksson, Johannes, Henrik Erlandsson, Jerker Ortman, and Viktor Sköldheden. "High resolution power measurement." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387314.
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Trubilowicz, Joel William. "Using motes for high resolution hydrological measurement." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/633.
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Low cost, low power wireless sensors (motes) promise to revolutionize environmental data collection, but are they currently refined enough for widespread use by hydrologists? Their viability as a replacement for traditional data collection techniques was investigated in a 7 ha forested watershed in south-western British Columbia. The watershed included 41 instrument clusters measuring air and soil temperature, humidity, throughfall, soil moisture content, overland flow and groundwater head. The foundation of each cluster was a data box containing a MDA300 data acquisition board and a MICA2 processor board from Crossbow Technologies, Inc.™ that allowed for short range wireless data collection. The 41 motes each recorded data every 15 minutes from July, 2006, to April, 2007. In addition to reporting on the reliability of the motes and sensors during the 10 months deployment, the high spatial and temporal resolution data collected by this study gave the opportunity for many analyses of catchment processes. As soil moisture and throughfall are two influential processes in the exchange of water between the earth and the atmosphere, these were the focus of the data analysis. The first analysis was a resampling experiment on seven different events selected from the full data set. Comparing 100 different subsamples each of 5, 10 and 20 points for throughfall and soil moisture showed if increasing the sample size eventually produced diminishing returns in the ability to reproduce the true catchment mean. With significant differences in prediction ability for both soil moisture and throughfall at times of differing hydrologic activity, this analysis provides further support for the theories of changing moisture states of soil moisture and threshold values for throughfall. The second analysis described how the organization of soil moisture and throughfall changed during a range of weather conditions and timescales. Spatial representation of normalized values and Pearson correlation coefficients showed that there were distinct differences between wet and dry periods for soil moisture and between long and short analysis periods for throughfall.
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Mengesha, Wondwosen. "NaI(T1) electron energy resolution." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15963.
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Devanthéry, Arasa Núria. "High-resolution deformation measurement using "Persistent Scatterer Interferometry"." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283579.
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Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) is a group of advanced differential interferometric SAR techniques that are used to measure and monitor terrain deformation. Different PSI techniques have been proposed in the last two decades. In this thesis, the two PSI chains implemented and used at the Geomatics division of CTTC are described: the local area PSI and the PSIG chains.
The first part of the thesis is devoted to the local area PSI chain, used to analyse the deformations over small areas. The chain includes a linear deformation model to directly deal with interferometric wrapped phases. Moreover, it does not directly involve the estimation of the APS, thus simplifying the procedure and its computational cost. The chain has been tested using different types of SAR data. The availability of high resolution X-band SAR data has led to an improvement of the PSI results with respect to C-band data. The higher image resolution and phase quality implies an increase of the PS density, an improvement in the estimation precision of the residual topographic error and a higher sensibility to very small deformations, including the displacements caused by thermal dilation. An extension of the classical PSI linear deformation model has been proposed, to account for the thermal dilation effects. This allows obtaining a new PSI outcome, the thermal dilation parameter, which opens new interesting applications since it provides information on the physical properties of single objects, i.e. the coefficient of thermal expansion, and the static structures of the same objects.
The second part of the thesis describes the PSIG chain, whose aim was to extend the interferometric processing to wider areas. The ability to cover wide areas is essential to obtain a unique and consistent deformation monitoring for the available SAR image full scenes, i.e. typically 30 by 50 km for TerraSAR-X, 40 by 40 km for CosmoSkyMed and 100 by 100 km for ASAR ENVISAT and ERS. This is particularly important for the forthcoming C-band Sentinel SAR data that will cover 250 by 250 km with a single image scene. The key steps of the PSIG procedure include a new selection of candidate PSs based on a phase similitude criteria and a 2+1D phase unwrapping algorithm. The procedure offers different tools to control the quality of the processing steps. It has been successfully tested over urban, rural and vegetated areas using X-band PSI data. The performance of the PSIG chain is illustrated and discussed in detail, analysing the procedure step by step.Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) és un grup de tècniques avançades d'interferometria diferencial SAR que s'utilitzen per mesurar i monitoritzar deformacions del terreny. Durant les últimes dues dècades s’han proposat diverses tècniques PSI. En aquesta tesi es descriuen les dues cadenes PSI implementades i utilitzades en la divisió de Geomàtica del CTTC: la cadena PSI d’àrea local i la cadena PSIG. La primera part de la tesi està dedicada a la cadena PSI d’àrea local, que s'utilitza per analitzar deformacions en zones d’extensió limitada. La cadena inclou un model de deformació lineal per tractar directament amb les fases interferomètriques wrapped. En canvi, no estima directament la component atmosfèrica, cosa que simplifica el procediment i el seu cost computacional. La cadena s’ha provat sobre diferents tipus de dades SAR. La disponibilitat de dades SAR d’alta resolució en banda X ha donat lloc a una millora dels resultats del PSI respecte a les dades en banda C. La resolució més gran de la imatge i la qualitat de la fase impliquen un augment de la densitat de PS, una millora en la precisió de l'estimació de l'error topogràfic residual i una sensibilitat més alta a deformacions subtils, incloent-hi els desplaçaments causats per la dilatació tèrmica. Per tenir en compte els efectes de la dilatació tèrmica, s'ha proposat una extensió del model PSI clàssic que ens permet obtenir un nou producte PSI: el paràmetre de dilatació tèrmica. Aquest paràmetre obre noves aplicacions interessants: proporciona informació relacionada amb les propietats físiques dels objectes mesurats –com el coeficient d'expansió tèrmica– i amb la seva pròpia estructura estàtica. La segona part de la tesi descriu la cadena PSIG, l'objectiu de la qual és estendre el processament interferomètric a àrees més extenses. La capacitat de cobrir àrees grans és fonamental per obtenir un únic mapa global de deformacions que sigui consistent i cobreixi l’extensió sencera de les imatges SAR disponibles, de 30 km per 50 km per TerraSAR-X, de 40 km per 40 km per CosmoSkyMed i de 100 km per 100 km per ASAR-ENVISAT i ERS. Això és particularment important tenint en compte la propera disponibilitat de les dades del satèl•lit Sentinel, que opera en banda C i cobrirà 250 km per 250 km amb una sola imatge. Els passos clau del procediment PSIG són una nova selecció de PS candidats en base a un criteri de similitud de fase i un algoritme de 2+1D phase unwrapping. El procediment ofereix diferents eines per controlar la qualitat dels diferents passos del processament. La cadena PSIG s’ha utilitzat amb èxit en àrees urbanes, rurals i amb vegetació utilitzant dades PSI en banda X. El funcionament de la cadena PSIG s'il•lustra i es descriu en detall, analitzant el procediment pas a pas.
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Gan, Tong. "Study to improve measurement accuracy and resolution of atmospheric radars." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202819.
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Sloat, Ronald D. "High-Resolution, Non-Contact Angular Measurement System for PSA/RSA." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/485.
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A non-contact angular measurement system for Pitch Static Attitude (PSA) and Roll Static Attitude (RSA) of hard disk drive sliders is designed and built. Real-time sampling at over 15 KHz is achieved with accuracy of +/- 0.05 degrees over a range of approximately 2-3 degrees. Measuring the PSA and RSA is critical for hard drive manufacturers to control and improve the quality and reliability of hard drives. Although the hard drive industry is able to measure the PSA and RSA at the subassembly level at this time, there is no system available that is able to measure PSA/RSA at the final assembly level. This project has successfully demonstrated a methodology that the PSA/RSA can be reliably measured in-situ using a laser and position sensitive detector (PSD) technology. A prototype of the measurement system has been built using simple and inexpensive equipment. This device will allow a continuous measurement between the parked position on the ramp and the loading position just off of the disk surface. The measured data can be used to verify manufacturing processes and reliability data.
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Mattila, S. (Sampo). "Measurement and minimization of field inhomogeneities in high resolution NMR." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2001. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514264762.
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Abstract
In this work, the homogeneity of both the B0 and B1 fields was studied. Both B0 and B1 field homogeneities are the basic assumptions of high resolution liquid state NMR. Although some inhomogeneity of both of the fields is always present, the spectrometers can be operated, with the help of the developed spectral purging techniques, without giving any thought to the field inhomogeneities or the necessary actions to minimize their adverse effects. Although the effect of B0 inhomogeneity can occasionally be seen, the B1 fieldin a modern probe head is often assumed to be sufficiently homogenous for any practical purpose. By using the method used in this study the B1 field strength along one axis, typically the z-axis, can be easily mapped. Based on the information gathered from a single experiment, one can obtain reliable and valuable information about the B1 field distribution, e.g. homogeneity of the coil. From such information, the degree of required artifact suppressing methods for successful NMR experiments can be determined. Since normal pulse length calibration also requires the acquisition of several 1-D spectra, the required experimentation time is not increased.
Although the maximum amount of signal from an NMR experiment is obtained when the signal is acquired from a maximum number of resonating spins, the results presented show that significantly more homogenous B1 field along the active sample volume is achieved by rejection of the signal originating from the outer parts of the coil length. Although the total amount of signal obtained from the outer parts of the RF-coil is not very high, some loss of signal is associated with the spatially selective acquisition. The rejected signal, however, is a significant source of artifacts, and if no precautions were taken, the artifacts would severely decrease the quality of the acquired data. If the sample concentration can be increased, it would be advantageous to dissolve the amount of sample available in as small an amount of solvent as is possible and place the sample in the most B1 homogenous part of the probe-head RF-coil. With the same amount of nuclear spins concentrated into a smaller volume, the sensitivity of an NMR experiment can be increased manifold.
As an application of a spatially selective data acquisition, a versatile method capable of producing a map of the B0 field strength and its variation along the sample volume is presented.
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Lyne, Michael Peter. "High resolution spectroscopy of aminoborane and niobium nitride." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26442.
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The infrared spectrum of aminoborane (NH₂BH₂) was recorded by a Fourier transform interferometer and the 1550-1750 cm⁻¹ region of the spectrum was rotationally analyzed by a new search/match algorithm based on ground state combination differences. Sub-bands from four separate vibrational bands were discovered in this region. The interaction scheme was deduced to be a three-way anharmonic resonance between the V₃, V₇ + VB, and 2v₆ levels with the fourth level, V₆ + V₁₂ induced by a Coriolis mechanism with the members of the triad. The first order anharmonic constants were approximated by a least squares fit of the triad intensities: W₃₇₈ = 8.4±0.1 cm⁻¹, W₃₆₆ = 15.8±0.4 cm⁻¹ with W₇₈₆₆ held fixed at zero. Perturbations from unseen interloper levels plus the fully correlated nature of the pure vibrational anharmonic interaction prevented a successful fit of the rotational structure of this system. Both the search/match and the intensity least squares algorithms were developed for this work.
Four sub-bands in the red-orange region of the laser induced fluorescence spectrum of niobium nitride (NbN) were rotationally analyzed. Analysis of three sub-bands of the ³ϕ₂ - ³Δ₁ system allowed the vibrational spacings of each electronic state to be determined: ΔG½ = 986.351 cm⁻¹, ΔG1½ = 977.855 cm⁻¹ for the ³ϕ₂ state and ΔG1½, =. 1033.739cm⁻¹ for the ³Δ₁, state. The previously unassigned ³Π₁-³Δ₂ (0-0) sub-band was discovered 970 cm⁻¹ below its expected position of 18025 cm⁻¹. The electronic state assignment of this transition was confirmed by -wavelength resolved fluorescence measurements made with a diode array detector mounted on a spectrometer. A description of how the diode array detector was interfaced into the experiment is given.Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
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Clark, James Joseph. "Multi-resolution stereo vision with application to the automated measurement of logs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25582.
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A serial multi-resolution stereo matching algorithm is presented that is based on the Marr-Poggio matcher (Marr and Poggio, 1979). It is shown that the Marr-Poggio feature disambiguation and in-range/out-of-range mechanisms are unreliable for non-constant disparity functions. It is proposed that a disparity function estimate reconstructed from the disparity samples at the lower resolution levels be used to disambiguate possible matches at the high resolutions. Also presented is a disparity scanning algorithm with a similar control structure, which is based on an algorithm recently proposed by Grimson (1985).
It is seen that the proposed algorithms will function reliably only if the disparity measurements are accurate and if the reconstruction process is accurate. The various sources of errors in the matching are analyzed in detail. Witkin's (Witkin, 1983) scale space is used as an analytic tool for describing a hitherto unreported form of disparity error, that caused by spatial filtering of the images with non-constant disparity functions.
The reconstruction process is analyzed in detail. Current methods for performing the reconstruction are reviewed. A new method for reconstructing functions from arbitrarily distributed samples based on applying coordinate transformations to the sampled function is presented. The error due to the reconstruction process is analyzed, and a general formula for the error as a function of the function spectra, sample distribution and reconstruction filter impulse response is derived.
Experimental studies are presented which show how the matching algorithms perform with surfaces of varying bandwidths, and with additive image noise.
It is proposed that matching of scale space feature maps can eliminate many of the problems that the Marr-Poggio type of matchers have. A method for matching scale space maps which operates in the domain of linear disparity functions is presented. This algorithm is used to experimentally verify the effect of spatial filtering on the disparity measurements for non-constant disparity functions.
It is shown that measurements can be made on the binocular scale space maps that give an independent estimate of the disparity gradient this leads to the concept of binocular diffrequency. It is shown that the diffrequency measurements are not affected by the spatial filtering effect for linear disparities. Experiments are described which show that the disparity gradient can be obtained by diffrequency measurement. An industrial application for stereo vision is described. The application is automated measurement of logs, or log scaling. A moment based method for estimating the log volume from the segmented two dimensional disparity map of the log scene is described. Experiments
are described which indicate that log volumes can be estimated to within 10%.Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Levine, Peter 1978. "High-resolution time measurement and calibration for on-chip test systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81550.
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Verification of timing performance in integrated circuits (ICs) is becoming more difficult as clock frequencies and levels of integration increase. As a result, on-chip timing measurement has become a very attractive solution because it helps to overcome the bandwidth and test access limitations inherent in traditional off-chip test systems.Flash time-to-digital converters (TDCs) are well-suited for use in on-chip timing measurement systems because they can be operated at high speeds, offer low test time, and are relatively easy to integrate. However, clock jitter in modern ICs is often on the same order of magnitude as the temporal resolution of the TDC itself. Therefore, techniques are required to increase the resolution of these devices, while ensuring timing accuracy.
This thesis presents a high-resolution flash TDC that exploits the random offsets on flip-flops or arbiters to perform time quantization. It also describes a novel technique based on additive temporal noise to accurately calibrate the measurement device. Simulation and experimental results reveal that this method can calibrate the high-resolution flash TDC down to 5 ps within reasonable error limits. In addition, accurate timing measurement of jitter below 14 ps has been experimentally validated using a custom flash TDC fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS process.
A review of the most common circuit techniques for timing measurement is also included in this thesis. Furthermore, a calibration system implementation that can be used to reduce the temporal resolution requirements of phase-generation circuitry is proposed.
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April, Kurt. "High resolution techniques for the measurement of component and device performance." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8468.
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Includes bibliographical references.This aim of this thesis was to conduct an investigation into the performance of components and devices, whilst focusing on specific parameters and characteristics, by making use of high precision measurement techniques and incorporating a PC-based data acquisition system. An accurate and versatile measurement-card, employing a 12-bit analogue-to-digital converter, was designed and developed. The card, which plugs directly into the I/O bus of any computer, has an accuracy of one least significant bit (approximately 0.02), which is remarkably better than most A/D cards available on the market at present. Executable software was written in Pascal and Turbo Vision to facilitate the proper operation of the card, and to provide a platform for the user to define certain parameters during experimentation. The measurement-card has been used, with success, during all of the investigative experiments conducted for this thesis. An experiment using a computer, the measurement-card, and a pressure/temperature unit, employing a MPXIOOAP pressure sensor and LM35 temperature sensor, was set up to act as a ''weather station" over short periods (minutes, hours) and long periods (days, weeks). Analogue device, viz., a barometer and thermometer, were used as control instruments in order to verify the readings taken.
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Lee, Sang Soo. "Soil surface-seal measurement using high-resolution x-ray computed tomography (HRCT)." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4507.
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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 24, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Rokke, Laurie. "Remote measurement of geopotential heights from the high resolution dynamics limb sounder." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425898.
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Cohen, Jacob Arthur. "Measuring the electric field of picosecond to nanosecond pulses with high spectral resolution and high temporal resolution." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37179.
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We demonstrate four experimentally simple methods for measuring very complex ultrashort light pulses. Although each method is comprised of only a few optical elements, they permit the measurement of extremely complex pulses with time-bandwidth products greater than 65,000. First, we demonstrate an extremely simple frequency-resolved-optical gating (GRENOUILLE) device for measuring the intensity and phase of pulses up to ~20ps in length. In order to achieve the required high spectral resolution and large temporal range, it uses a few-cm-thick second harmonic-generation crystal in the shape of a pentagon. This has the additional advantage of reducing the device's total number of components to three. Secondly, we introduce a variation of spectral interferometry (SI) using a virtually imaged phased array and grating spectrometer for measuring long complex ultrashort pulses up to 80 ps in length. Next, we introduce a SI technique for measuring the complete intensity and phase of relatively long and very complex ultrashort pulses. It involves making multiple measurements using SI (in its SEA TADPOLE variation) at numerous delays, measuring many temporal pulselets within the pulse, and concatenating the resulting pulselets. Its spectral resolution is the inverse delay range--many times higher than that of the spectrometer used. The waveforms were measured with ~ fs temporal resolution over a temporal range of ~ns and had time-bandwidth products exceeding 65,000, which to our knowledge is the largest time-bandwidth product ever measured with ~fs temporal resolution. Finally, we demonstrate a single-shot measurement technique that temporally interleaves hundreds of measurements with ~fs temporal resolution. It is another variation of SI for measuring the complete intensity and phase of relatively long and complex ultrashort pulses in a single shot. It uses a grating to introduce a transverse time delay into a reference pulse which gates the unknown pulse by interfering it at the image plane of an imaging spectrometer. It provided ~125 fs temporal resolution and a temporal range of 70 ps using a low-resolution spectrometer.
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Brooks, Donald Ray. "Development of Specialized Laser Doppler Velocimeters for High Resolution Flow Profile and Turbulence Spectral Measurements." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78089.
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Fluid dynamicists are always in need of innovative instruments for flow velocity measurements. An ideal instrument would be non-intrusive, have a very fine spatial resolution as well as a very fine temporal resolution, be able to measure three-components of velocity, and be compact. Through recent advancements, laser Doppler velocimetry can now meet all of those requirements making it an important part of aerodynamicist's research toolbox.
The first paper presented in this manuscript style thesis explains the development of an advanced three-velocity component, spatially-resolving laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) system for highly resolved velocity measurements in situations with limited optical access. The new instrument, a next generation version of the previously developed 'comprehensive' LDV technology, enables measurements of three components of velocity and particle position in the axial direction all through a single transceiving lens. Described here is the design process and the final design for the 'compact, comprehensive' LDV (Comp²LDV). The probe was designed to achieve ± 10 micron root-mean-square uncertainties in axial particle position, which combined with the long measurement volume, allow researchers to obtain a three-velocity-component velocity statistics profiles over a span of approximately 1.5mm without the need for traversing. Results from measurements in a flat plate turbulent boundary layer very near the wall have compared favorably to data from previous studies.
The second paper focuses on the motion and evolution of coherent structures in supersonic jet flows and how that relates to the intense noise the flows generate. As a preliminary study to experimentally address these relationships, novel non-intrusive measurements using two-component laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) have been conducted at exceptionally high data rates to lend insight into the statistical behavior of noise-generating flow structures. A new heated supersonic jet facility has been constructed to provide supersonic flow at total temperatures ratios (T₀/Tₐ) up to 3. In the present work, the instrumentation is validated via comparison of LDV measurements along the centerline of a screeching cold jet with microphone and high-speed shadowgraph results. Reynolds stress spectra are presented for an over-expanded case (nozzle pressure ratio of 3.2) of a design Mach number 1.65 nozzle operated cold (T₀/Tₐ = 1). A preliminary study was then conducted in the near-nozzle shear layer, up to x/d = 4.0, at design nozzle pressure ratio (4.58) and total temperature ratio of 2.0. Results are presented for Reynolds stress time-delay correlations and power spectra at Re_d = 1.1M for this case. The stream-wise Reynolds normal stress spectra are compared with published spectral behavior reported by other researchers, indicating a similar spectral shape in the downstream stations as previously measured with LDV and hot wire anemometry for cold jets, but which differ in shape from density-based techniques.Master of Science
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Simpson, David Gordon Giles, and dsimpson@swin edu au. "Instrumentation for high spatial resolution of steady state visual evoked potentials." Swinburne University of Technology, 1998. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060711.123100.
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This thesis reports on several new and innovative instrumentation developments to
solve some of the problems of brain activity monitoring, particularly SSVEP (Steady
State Visual Evoked Potentials) studies. SSVEP systems generate suitable stimuli and
record the resulting brain biopotentials from scalp electrodes.
The instrumentation is configured as a 'Neuropsychiatric Workstation', supporting up to
136 scalp electrodes. Operating in the SSVEP mode, the Neuropsychiatric Workstation
reported here significantly improves upon the previously reported spatial resolution and
accuracy of maps related to the generated stimuli. These maps allows insights to be
gained into the cognitive workings of the brain.
A significant component of the work reported here covers the development of the multielectrode
EEG measurement modules and the associated techniques for minimising
interference and cross-talk. The techniques for synchronising recordings from all
electrodes with the stimulus, interfacing to a host computer and real-time storage of the
very large amounts of data generated to hard disk, are all reported.
The SSVEP paradigm uses a sinusoidal-modulated visual stimuli. A novel linearised
LED (light emitting diode) head-up display was developed, in addition to more
conventional stimuli, such as the alternating checker-board display, all with sinusoidal
modulation capability over a range of frequencies.
The Neuropsychiatric Workstation described in thesis has been replicated several times
and is in regular use at Brain Sciences Institute (BSI) at Swinburne University of
Technology, and other collaborative research institutes.
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Van, Delst Paul F. "Ozone concentration profile retrieval from ground-based high-resolution thermal infrared spectra." Curtin University of Technology, School of Physical Sciences, 1996. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11198.
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Simulations of the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI), a ground-based, high-resolution infrared detection system, are used to produce retrieved atmospheric ozone concentration profiles. A line-by-line transmittance model, FASCD3P, is used for the forward model and a maximum likelihood retrieval scheme is employed for the inverse model. An a priori data set consisting of 83 midlatitude winter ozone sondes is used to condition the inversion. Three iterations are required to reduce the radiance residuals to less than the instrument noise. The retrieval accuracy below 300mb is within 25% of truth. Above 300mb, variance within the a priori data is the dominant source of retrieval error. This is due to the number of retrieved layers (27) being higher than the amount of independent information present in the radiance spectra (approximately 4) so much of the retrieval information above 300mb comes from the a priori data.
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Maldonado, Alejandro V. "High Resolution Optical Surface Metrology with the Slope Measuring Portable Optical Test System." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/337294.
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New optical designs strive to achieve extreme performance, and continually increase the complexity of prescribed optical shapes, which often require wide dynamic range and high resolution. SCOTS, or the Software Configurable Optical Test System, can measure a wide range of optical surfaces with high sensitivity using surface slope. This dissertation introduces a high resolution version of SCOTS called SPOTS, or the Slope measuring Portable Optical Test System. SPOTS improves the metrology of surface features on the order of sub-millimeter to decimeter spatial scales and nanometer to micrometer level height scales. Currently there is no optical surface metrology instrument with the same utility. SCOTS uses a computer controlled display (such as an LCD monitor) and camera to measure surface slopes over the entire surface of a mirror. SPOTS differs in that an additional lens is placed near the surface under test. A small prototype system is discussed in general, providing the support for the design of future SPOTS devices. Then the SCOTS instrument transfer function is addressed, which defines the way the system filters surface heights. Lastly, the calibration and performance of larger SPOTS device is analyzed with example measurements of the 8.4-m diameter aspheric Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's (LSST) primary mirror. In general optical systems have a transfer function, which filters data. In the case of optical imaging systems the instrument transfer function (ITF) follows the modulation transfer function (MTF), which causes a reduction of contrast as a function of increasing spatial frequency due to diffraction. In SCOTS, ITF is shown to decrease the measured height of surface features as their spatial frequency increases, and thus the SCOTS and SPOTS ITF is proportional to their camera system's MTF. Theory and simulations are supported by a SCOTS measurement of a test piece with a set of lithographically written sinusoidal surface topographies. In addition, an example of a simple inverse filtering technique is provided. The success of a small SPOTS proof of concept instrument paved the way for a new larger prototype system, which is intended to measure subaperture regions on large optical mirrors. On large optics, the prototype SPOTS is light weight and it rests on the surface being tested. One advantage of this SPOTS is stability over time in maintaining its calibration. Thus the optician can simply place SPOTS on the mirror, perform a simple alignment, collect measurement data, then pick the system up and repeat at a new location. The entire process takes approximately 5 to 10 minutes, of which 3 minutes is spent collecting data. SPOTS' simplicity of design, light weight, robustness, wide dynamic range, and high sensitivity make it a useful tool for optical shop use during the fabrication and testing process of large and small optics.
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Egorov, Roman V. "High resolution measurement of telecommunication component polarization mode dispersion by means of quantum interferometry." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31544.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
As optical transport networks migrate towards supporting optical channel (or superchannel) bitrates of 100Gbps, 400Gbps, or even 1 Tbps, it becomes more important to conduct careful analysis, precise characterization, and optimized mitigation of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in order to deliver optimal performance in fiber-optic communication systems. Telecommunication service providers need their system vendors to match the performance of their platforms to the overall system PMD accumulation, including both fiber and component PMD. The fiber PMD is a characteristic of the optical fiber plant and is very heterogeneous in both its design and time of installation. Today all installed fiber plants require mitigation solutions for PMD-induced impairments when transporting optical channels with bitrates of 40Gbps and higher. The component PMD is due to discrete components present in the optical path of a lightwave channel, such as Wavelength Selective Switches (WSS), amplifiers, Dispersion Compensating Modules (DCM), and multiplexer/demultiplexer structures. The proliferation of components, especially WSSs, has rapidly accelerated recently with the introduction of Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexers (ROADM). Each component contributes a relatively small value to the overall system PMD. Until recently, these components were not considered to be important contributors to the total. The significance of component PMD suddenly became very apparent because ROADM introduction into the fiber-optic network fabric increased the number of components at least ten-fold. Depending on the Link Design Value (LDV) of network fabric, the component PMD can now contribute an amount similar to or even greater than the PMD penalty incurred in the fiber. Today's state of the art tedmiques in PMD measurement focus solely on characterizing fiber PMD. In our research we have developed a new method to measure very small values of PMD (or Differential Group Delay (DOD)) in discrete components of optical fiber communication systems based on the utilization of quantum interferometry. We designed a polarization counterpart of the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer with entangled photons operating in the telecommunication region of the optical spectrum. Using this setup we were able to demonstrate close to 1 fs resolution while measuring DGD values of a 1x9 port Wavelength Selective Switch (WSS), based on Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS). We used a specially designed source of broadband polarization entangled photon pairs generated in the process of collinear type-II Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC). Our result paves the way for building future test and measurement devices that will be capable of resolving even smaller PMD values in discrete components of future optical communication systems, ultimately with atto-second resolution.
2031-01-01
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Santoro, Michael. "Valid motion estimation for super-resolution image reconstruction." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44765.
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In this thesis, a block-based motion estimation algorithm suitable for Super-Resolution (SR) image reconstruction is introduced. The motion estimation problem is formulated as an energy minimization problem that consists of both a data and regularization term. To handle cases when motion estimation fails, a block-based validity method is introduced, and is shown to outperform all other validity methods in the literature in terms of hybrid de-interlacing. By combining the validity metric into the energy minimization framework, it is shown that 1) the motion vector error is made less sensitive to block size, 2) a more uniform distribution of motion-compensated blocks results, and 3) the overall motion vector error is reduced. The final motion estimation algorithm is shown to outperform several state-of-the-art motion estimation algorithms in terms of both endpoint error and interpolation error, and is one of the fastest algorithms in the Middlebury benchmark. With the new motion estimation algorithm and validity metric, it is shown that artifacts are virtually eliminated from the POCS-based reconstruction of the high-resolution image.
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Bodon, K. Joshua. "Development, Evaluation, and Validation of a High-Resolution Directivity Measurement System for Played Musical Instruments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5653.
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A high-resolution directivity measurement system at Brigham Young University has been renovated and upgraded. Acoustical treatments have been installed on the microphone array, professional-grade audio hardware and cabling have been utilized, and user-friendly MATLAB processing and plotting codes have been developed. The directivities of 16 played musical instruments and several loudspeakers have been measured by the system, processed, and plotted. Using loudspeakers as simulated musicians, a comprehensive analysis was completed to validate the system and understand its error bounds. A comparison and evaluation of repeated-capture to single-capture spherical systems was made to demonstrate the high level of detail provided by the 5 degree resolution system. Analysis is undertaken to determine how nonanechoic effects in anechoic chambers influence results. An overview of directivity measurement systems from the literature is provided as well as a dedicated discussion of the directivity measurement system at Brigham Young University.
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Zhang, Wurong 1966. "High resolution NMR scattering : the first measurement of spin diffusion rates in a homogeneous solid." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9616.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-92).
The first direct measurement of the rate of spin diffusion through a homogeneous sample was performed as an incoherent NMR scattering experiment. The experiment consists of a combination of pulsed gradient spin echo methods with multiple pulse/ pulsed gradient spatial encoding met.hods. The NMR scattering experiment involves the creation of an initial spatial magnetization grating, a period of spin evolution including the displacement of spin magnetization, followed by the detection of the residual magnetization grating. The essence of NMR scattering measurements is to record the extent of microscopic motion of spin magnetization through a sample by directly observing amplitude and phase changes of a well defined spin magnetization grating. The spin diffusion measurement records the rate of destruction of a magnetization grating by the random offset of spin magnetization associated with the flip-flop term of the homonuclear dipole-dipole interaction. Since the microscopic motion driven by di- polar coupling is very slow, only fine magnetization gratings are sensitive to the small spatial offsets. Strong pulsed magnetic field gradient techniques were developed for these studies which generate switched gradients with strengths up to 103T /m (a factor of 100 stronger than those commercially available, and a factor of 25 stronger than the highest previously reported). These gradients are able to create a spatial magnetization grating with a pitch of from l[mu]m to 1nm for solid state NMR scattering experiments. Gradients on the order of 200T /m were applied in the spin diffusion measurement experiment. For single crystal CaF2, the measured parallel components of the spin diffusion rates are 7.1 x 10-12cm2 /s along the [0,0,1) direction and 5.3 x 10-12cm2/s along the [1,1,1) direction, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Additional work has been done on flow measurement. A novel approach is introduced to measuring flow velocities using a probe with a spatially varying RF field, and without using other magnetic field gradients. The velocities of the spins are measured as a modulation of the NMR signal from the translatlation of a spatial magnetization grating through a detection coil with a spatially periodic field profile. Since the same coil can be employed to create the initial magnetization grating, the overall measurement is as simple as recording the signal modulation frequency following a single excitation pulse. The design principles are discussed for a probe that has a spatially periodic field constructed from a series of lumped element x-circuits. Spatial modulation of the amplitude or the phase of the RF field can easily be achieved, and either of these may be used t.o characterize a flow field. Examples are shown of measurements of pipe flow using a probe with an amplitude modulated RF field.
by Wurong Zhang.
Ph.D.
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Becker, Kyle M. "Geoacoustic inversion in laterally varying shallow-water experiments using high-resolution wavenumber estimation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29056.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in Applied Ocean Sciences)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), February 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-170).
Sound propagation in shallow water is highly dependent on the interaction of the sound field with the bottom. In order to fully understand this problem, it is necessary to obtain reliable estimates of bottom geoacoustic properties that can be used in acoustic propagation codes. In this thesis, perturbative inversion methods and exact inverse methods are discussed as a means for inferring geoacoustic properties of the bottom. For each of these methods, the input data to the inversion is the horizontal wavenumber spectrum of a point-source acoustic field. The main thrust of the thesis work concerns extracting horizontal wavenumber content for fully three-dimensionally varying waveguide environments. In this context, a high-resolution autoregressive (AR) spectral estimator was applied to determine wavenumber content for short aperture data. As part of this work, the AR estimator was examined for its ability to detect discrete wavenumbers in the presence of noise and also to resolve closely spaced wavenumbers for short aperture data. As part of a geoacoustic inversion workshop, the estimator was applied to extract horizontal wavenumber content for synthetic pressure field data with range-varying geoacoustic properties in the sediment. The resulting wavenumber content was used as input data to a perturbative inverse algorithm to determine the sound speed profile in the sediment. It was shown using the high-resolution wavenumber estimator that both the shape and location of the range-variability in the sediment could be determined.
(cont.) The estimator was also applied to determine wavenumbers for synthetic data where the water column sound speed contained temporal variations due to the presence of internal waves. It was shown that reliable estimates of horizontal wavenumbers could be obtained that are consistent with the boundary conditions of the waveguide. The Modal Mapping Experiment (MOMAX), an experimental method for measuring the full spatial variability of a propagating sound field and its corresponding modal content in two-dimensions, is also discussed. The AR estimator is applied to extract modal content from the real data and interpreted with respect to source/receiver motion and geometry. For a moving source, it is shown that the wavenumber content is Doppler shifted. A method is then described that allows the direct measure of modal group velocities from Doppler shifted wavenumber spectra. Finally, numerical studies are presented addressing the practical issues associated with using MOMAX type data in the exact inversion method of Gelfand-Levitan.
by Kyle M. Becker.
Ph.D.
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Leach, Eric. "KNOWLEDGE BASED MEASUREMENT OF ENHANCING BRAIN TISSUE IN ANISOTROPIC MR IMAGERY." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3341.
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Medical Image Analysis has emerged as an important field in the computer vision community. In this thesis, two important issues in medical imaging are addressed and a solution for each is derived and synergistically combined as one coherent system. Firstly, a novel approach is proposed for High Resolution Volume (HRV) construction by combining different frequency components at multiple levels, which are separated by using a multi-resolution pyramid structure. Current clinical imaging protocols make use of multiple orthogonal low resolution scans to measure the size of the tumor. The highly anisotropic data result in difficulty and even errors in tumor assessment. In previous approaches, simple interpolation has been used to construct HRVs from multiple low resolution volumes (LRVs), which fail when large inter-plane spacing is present. In our approach, Laplacian pyramids containing band-pass contents are first computed from registered LRVs. The Laplacian images are expanded in their low resolution axes separately and then fused at each level. A Gaussian pyramid is recovered from the fused Laplacian pyramid, where a volume at the bottom level of the Gaussian pyramid is the constructed HRV. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by using simulated images. The method has also been applied to real clinical data and promising experimental results are demonstrated. Secondly, a new knowledge-based framework to automatically quantify the volume of enhancing tissue in brain MR images is proposed. Our approach provides an objective and consistent way to evaluate disease progression and assess the treatment plan. In our approach, enhanced regions are first located by comparing the difference between the aligned set of pre- and post-contrast T1 MR images. Since some normal tissues may also become enhanced by the administration of Gd-DTPA, using the intensity difference alone may not be able to distinguish normal tissue from the tumor. Thus, we propose a new knowledge-based method employing knowledge of anatomical structures from a probabilistic brain atlas and the prior distribution of brain tumor to identify the real enhancing tissue. Our approach has two main advantages. i) The results are invariant to the image contrast change due to the usage of the probabilistic knowledge-based framework. ii) Using the segmented regions instead of independent pixels facilitates an approach that is much less sensitive to small registration errors and image noise. The obtained results are compared to the ground truth for validation and it is shown that the proposed method can achieve accurate and consistent measurements.M.S.E.E.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering MSEE
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Hoffman, K. J. "Measurement of the pressure dependent line profiles of atmospherically relevant molecules using high resolution infrared spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604138.
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This thesis describes the application of far-infrared and mid-infrared, laboratory based, high-resolution laser spectroscopy to the measurement of line profiles of atmospherically relevant molecules. Such data is invaluable in the retrieval of concentration profiles from remote sensing data. Chapter one contains an overview of the far-infrared and mid-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and highlights the need to develop high power, high efficiency, tunable, coherent radiation sources. Some of the more promising technologies are outlined together with some potential applications. The experimental details concerning the operation of a tunable far-infrared spectrometer, based on non-linear mixing and a mid-infrared spectrometer based on tunable lead-salt diode lasers, are then given in Chapter 2. Theoretical aspects of line broadening are considered in Chapter 3 and a protocol is developed for the retrieval of pressure broadening data. The validity of the protocol is demonstrated by critically examining three well studied and atmospherically important molecules: H35Cl, SO2 and N2O. Chapter 4 and Chapter 5 examine the nitrogen, oxygen and self broadening of methyl iodide and methyl bromide respectively. Measurements of pressure broadening coefficients were obtained, for the first time, in the v5 perpendicular bands of both molecules. The lines from five Q branches formed the bulk of the study for each molecule, with some P and R branch lines also being examined. Primarily, the J dependence of the broadening coefficients was obtained but some knowledge of the K dependence was also gleaned. Finally, in Chapter 6, some recommendations for the development of the spectrometer are made and some suggestions for potential target molecules, that could form the basis of a future study, are given.
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Leitis, Karsten. "Analogue hardware based algorithm for low-power and low-voltage position measurement systems with enhanced resolution." Thesis, City University London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412676.
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Banerjee, Debasish. "Development of high resolution optical measurement techniques to investigate moisture content and thermal properties of paper." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/993087183/04.
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Bridge, Jonathan. "High-resolution measurement of colloid transport in variably saturated quartz sand using time lapse fluorescence imaging." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486545.
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The focus of the research reported in this thesis is the quantification of colloid transport through porous media, which is implicated in the contamination of soil and shallow groundwater. The limited spatio-temporal resolution of existing experimental techniques prevents the formulation of testable hypotheses for colloid transport within· complex (environmentally-relevant) porous media and therefore restricts further progress in the understanding of colloid movement in the environment. The research presented here responds to this premise by developing, testing and applying a high spatial and temporal resolution, meso-scale (millimetre to decimetre) fluorescence imaging system for measurement ofcolloids transport in porous media. A review of existing literature highlights the restrictions placed on the parameterisation of theoretical models by the low resolution of experimental datasets such as breakthrough curves and retained mass profiles. Previous applications of meso-scale imaging techniques do not extend to quantitative measurement of colloids in unsaturated or transient flow through porous media. In Chapter 2 an existing UVfluorescence imaging system is modified and calibrated to enable quantification of changing colloid mass distributions over time in saturated pore conditions. In Chapter 3 the technique, Time Lapse Fluorescence Imaging, is further extended to enable quantification oftwo-dimensional spatial variations in pore saturation, simultaneously with measurement of colloid mass. A data analysis method is developed to enable quantification of the colloid removal efficiency (ratio of deposition rate to colloid flux) at any point in a variably saturated flow field. In Chapter 4, the methods developed in previous chapters are applied to the problem of colloid mobilisation during drainage ofa previously-saturated quartz sand. The descriptive power of the novel meso-scale fluorescence imaging techniques. presented provides important objective data that will help to extend the theoretical framework for colloid deposition to non-uniform, unsaturated flow and to constrain transport models for colloids in the vadose zone.
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Novotný, Petr. "Analýza kontroly klopného momentu axiálního táhla řízení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229262.
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Work smoothing - out evaluation accuracy of measurement monostable moment steering linkage by the help of special machine. Evaluates individual characteristics accuracy, especially uncertainty metering.
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Powell, James Eckhardt. "Building a Multivariable Linear Regression Model of On-road Traffic for Creation of High Resolution Emission Inventories." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3415.
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Emissions inventories are an important tool, often built by governments, and used to manage emissions. To build an inventory of urban CO2 emissions and other fossil fuel combustion products in the urban atmosphere, an inventory of on-road traffic is required. In particular, a high resolution inventory is necessary to capture the local characteristics of transport emissions. These emissions vary widely due to the local nature of the fleet, fuel, and roads.
Here we show a new model of ADT for the Portland, OR metropolitan region. The backbone is traffic counter recordings made by the Portland Bureau of Transportation at 7,767 sites over 21 years (1986-2006), augmented with PORTAL (The Portland Regional Transportation Archive Listing) freeway traffic count data. We constructed a regression model to fill in traffic network gaps using GIS data such as road class and population density. An EPA-supplied emissions factor was used to estimate transportation CO2 emissions, which is compared to several other estimates for the city's CO2 footprint.
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Bell, Matthew Richard. "Versatile high resolution dispersion measurements in semiconductor photonic nanostructures using ultrashort pulses." Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/339.
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Ripellino, Giulia. "Calibration of the muon momentum resolution in view of the W mass measurement with the CMS experiment." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172442.
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Banerjee, Debasish [Verfasser]. "Development of High Resolution Optical Measurement Techniques to Investigate Moisture Content and Thermal Properties of Paper / Debasish Banerjee." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1161305181/34.
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Yan, Na [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Fröhlich, Eberhard [Gutachter] Manske, and Dorothea [Gutachter] Knopf. "High resolution force measurement system for Lorentz force velocimetry / Na Yan ; Gutachter: Eberhard Manske, Dorothea Knopf ; Betreuer: Thomas Fröhlich." Ilmenau : TU Ilmenau, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118479717X/34.
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Reichardt, Christian L. Lange Andrew E. Lange Andrew E. "A high resolution measurement of temperature anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background radiation with the complete ACBAR data set /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2008. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12202007-130152.
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Li, Xinrong. "Super-resolution TOA estimation with diversity techniques for indoor geolocation applications." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0429103-104200.
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Gratl, Alexandra [Verfasser]. "High-resolution respirometry for measurement of mitochondrial function in PAD patients before and after revascularisation : a pilot study / Alexandra Gratl." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1176632396/34.
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Specht, Robert M. [Verfasser], Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Sigl, Georg [Gutachter] Sigl, and Klaus [Gutachter] Diepold. "High Resolution EM Side Channel Attacks with Multiple Measurement Probes / Robert M. Specht ; Gutachter: Georg Sigl, Klaus Diepold ; Betreuer: Georg Sigl." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1204199949/34.
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Velte, Clemens [Verfasser], and Loredana [Akademischer Betreuer] Gastaldo. "Measurement of a high energy resolution and high statistics 163Ho electron capture spectrum for the ECHo experiment / Clemens Velte ; Betreuer: Loredana Gastaldo." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122101918X/34.
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Handley, Simon Alfred. "Measurement of hepcidin-20, -22, -24, and -25 in human serum by liquid chromatography-high resolution-mass spectrometry and its clinical application." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/measurement-of-hepcidin20-22-24-and25-in-human-serum-by-liquid-chromatographyhigh-resolutionmass-spectrometry-and-its-clinical-application(469cf3da-46c9-4450-8f55-c878941a1abd).html.
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Hepcidin-25 is regarded as the master regulator of iron homeostasis. Three N-truncated isoforms of hepcidin-25 have been identified in human serum; hepcidin-20, -22, and -24, although information is scant as to the serum concentrations of these isoforms. A liquid chromatography-high resolution-mass spectrometry (LC-HR-MS) assay was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of hepcidin isoforms in human serum. Serum (200 μL) was mixed with aqueous formic acid (600 μL), and the supernatant loaded onto a 96-well- SPE-plate. Eluted sample (70 μL) was diluted with deionised water (60 μL) and analysed using LC–HR–MS. Samples previously analysed by a published LC-MS/MS assay were analysed for method comparison. All hepcidin isoforms were quantified in samples from healthy volunteers as controls, and patients with hereditary haemochromatosis (HH), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), iron deficient anaemia (IDA), anaemia of chronic disease (ACD), and sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Samples were also analysed from individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) not requiring haemodialysis, and those pre- and post-haemodialysis. Intra-/inter-assay accuracy and precision were acceptable, calibration was linear (R2 > 0.90, all analytes), and the LLoQ was 1 μg/L (all analytes). There was a good correlation for hepcidin-25 to a published LC-MS/MS assay (y = 0.85x -3.2, R2 = 0.96). Median (range) hepcidin-25 concentrations in controls, and individuals with IDA, SCA, HH, ACD and sepsis were: 8 (1–31), <1 (< 1–2), < 1 (< 1–10), 2 (< 1–15), 60 (10–213), and 92 (11–216) μg/L, respectively. Hepcidin-20, -22, or -24 were not detected in any control sample, but were detected in 30–100 % of all samples at 10–20 % of the hepcidin-25 concentration. Following haemodialysis, all hepcidin isoforms declined by some 35–50 %. Hepcidin-25 was most strongly correlated to hepcidin-24, and less so to hepcidin-22 and -20, in all disease states. The developed method was applicable for clinical use. However, further controlled studies are required to fully evaluate the role of hepcidin-20, -22, and -24 measurement in a clinical setting.
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Bafumba, Liseli Joël. "Design and control of a piezoelectric positioning systems, with high resolution, multiple degrees of freedom and an embedded measurement by self-sensing." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD017.
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De nos jours, les systèmes intègrent de plus en plus de fonctionnalités dans des volumes de plus en plus petits grâce aux microcomposants intégrés. L'assemblage de ces microcomposants nécessite des systèmes de manipulation précis et reproductibles. Un nombre considérable de recherches ont été menées afin de mettre au point des actionneurs et des microrobots capables d'effectuer des tâches de positionnement ou de manipulation avec des précisions microniques voire submicroniques. Les technologies piézoélectriques jouent un rôle fondamental dans les applications de positionnement à résolution nanométrique ou même inférieure. Ces matériaux permettent la conception et le développement de systèmes de positionnement avec résolution et bande passante élevées. Cependant, des effets non linéaires tels que l'hystérésis et la dérive lente affectent la précision de la position des systèmes à base piézoélectrique s'ils ne sont pas contrôlés. Souvent, des capteurs de position sont montés sur ces systèmes pour permettre un contrôle en boucle fermée et l'élimination des effets d'hystérésis et de dérive lente. Néanmoins, l'intégration de capteurs permettant un asservissement robuste et de qualité pose des problèmes spécifiques aux microrobots. Cela est particulièrement vrai lorsque le nombre de degrés de liberté augmente. En effet, les capteurs de position qui jouissent d'une bonne résolution et précision sont généralement très volumineux et coûteux. Les solutions alternatives à l’intégration de capteurs de position externes peuvent être regroupées en deux catégories: soit par contrôle en boucle ouverte, également appelé schémas de contrôle prédictifs, soit par des techniques basées sur le contrôle par auto-détection (Self-Sensing Actuation - SSA), c’est-à-dire un contrôle en boucle fermée utilisant l'actionneur piézoélectrique comme son propre capteur.Dans cette thèse, l'objectif est de concevoir et de contrôler un système de positionnement basé sur la technologie piézoélectrique avec une méthode de mesure intégrée par SSA et ayant plusieurs degrés de liberté. À cette fin, les deux classes de SSA, à savoir le SSA basé sur l’effet direct piézoélectrique et le SSA basé sur la modification des propriétés électriques de l'actionneur piézoélectrique (PEA), sont étudiées en profondeur afin de déterminer celle qui convient le mieux au contrôle de la force et de la position dans les actionneurs piézoélectriques caractérisés par le fluage et non-linéarités d'hystérésis et consacrés à des opérations précises. De plus, cette étude présente un modèle constitutif et une technique d’identification de paramètres améliorés, qui prend en compte l’effet de couplage électromécanique et les non linéarités sur les propriétés du matériau piézoélectrique (constantes élastiques et diélectriques).Une nouvelle technique d'évaluation en temps réel des propriétés électriques du PEA est développée. Cette évaluation est basée sur la mesure de l’amplitude du courant de détection résultant de l’application d’une tension d’entrée haute fréquence de faible amplitude superposée à la tension d’entrée de commande qui actionne le PEA. Ensuite, un estimateur qui utilise le courant de détection pour estimer la position du PEA est conçu. Enfin, une plate-forme microrobotique pour le positionnement planaire à haute résolution avec la mesure intégrée par SSA développée est présentéeCurrently, systems integrate more and more functionalities into smaller volumes thanks to embedded micro-components. The assembly of those components requires precise and repeatable systems of manipulation. Substantial amounts of research have been carried out for developing actuators and microrobots to perform positioning or manipulation with micron- or even submicron accuracies. Piezoelectric technologies play a fundamental role in positioning applications with nanoscale or even lower resolution. These materials make possible the design and development of positioning systems with high resolution and bandwidth. However, nonlinear effects such as hysteresis and creep affect the position accuracy of piezoelectric-based systems if not controlled. Often, position sensors are mounted to these systems to permit a feedback control and the elimination of the hysteresis and creep effects. Nonetheless, the integration of sensors to enable quality and robust servo control poses specific problems for microrobots. This is especially true when the number of degrees of freedom (DOF) increases. Precision position sensors are usually very bulky and expensive. Alternative solutions to the integration of external position sensors can be grouped into two categories: either by open-loop control, also called feedforward control schemes or by Self-Sensing Actuation (SSA) control-based techniques, that is, a feedback control that uses the piezoelectric actuator as its own sensor.In this thesis, the objective is to design and control a piezoelectric-based positioning system with an embedded measurement by SSA method and having several degrees of freedom. To this end, the two classes of SSA, namely SSA based on the piezoelectric direct effect and the SSA based on the change of electrical properties of the piezoelectric actuator (PEAs), are studied in depth to determine the more adequate for force and position control in piezoelectric actuators typified by creep and hysteresis nonlinearities and devoted to precise operations. Additionally, from this study, an improved constitutive model and parameter identification technique are presented which includes the electromechanical coupling effect on the piezoelectric material properties (elastic and dielectric constants).A novel technique for real-time evaluation of the PEA's electrical properties is developed. This evaluation is based on the measurement of the amplitude of the detection current that results from the application of high-frequency low amplitude input voltage that is superimposed to the control input voltage which actuates the PEA. Then an estimator that uses the detection current to estimate the PEA's position is designed. Finally, a microrobotics platform for planar positioning with high resolution and the developed embedded measurement by SSA is presented
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Pearcy, Charles M. "The impact of background resolution on Target Acquisitions Weapons Software (TAWS) sensor performance." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2232.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedThis study evaluated the sensitivity of TAWS detection range calculations to the spatial resolution of scenario backgrounds. Sixteen independent sites were analyzed to determine TAWS background. Multispectral satellite data were processed to different spatial resolutions from 1m to 8km. The resultant imagery was further processed to determine TAWS background type. The TAWS background type was refined to include soil moisture characteristics. Soil moisture analyses were obtained using in situ measurements, the Air Force's Agricultural-Meteorological (AGRMET) model and the Army's Fast All-seasons Soil Strength (FASST) model. The analyzed imagery was compared to the current default 1o latitude by 1o of longitude database in TAWS. The use of the current default TAWS background database was shown to result in TAWS ranges differing from the 1m standard range by 18-23%. The uncertainty was reduced to 5% when background resolution was improved to 8km in rural areas. By contrast, in urban regions the uncertainty was reduced to 14% when spatial resolution was reduced to 30m. These results suggest that the rural and urban designations are important to the definition of a background database.
First Lieutenant, United States Air Force
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QUEMENER, Gilles. "CARTOGRAPHIE MAGNETIQUE DES QUADRIPOLES DES SPECTROMETRES A HAUTE RESOLUTION DU THOMAS JEFFERSON NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY, HALL A. (Le Projet Q.M.M : Quadrupole Magnetic Measurement)." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007806.
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Cette thèse décrit les mesures magnétiques réalisées sur les quadripoles supraconducteurs équipant les spectromètres à haute résolution (HRS) de TJNAF, Hall A (USA), caractérisés par une résolution sigma p/p= 10 -4 pour p <4 GeV.c-1. Une méthode originale basée sur une sonde tournante multibobines a été développée. A partir d'une mesure de variation de flux dans les bobines tournantes et d'une modélisation précise des quadripoles, on détermine le champ magnétique en tout point. La procédure fait appel au formalisme du champ 3D, solution de l'équation de Laplace sous forme d'un développement en série de Fourier-Bessel. Le mémoire présente la méthode QMM, puis l'instrumentation qui consiste en deux sondes tournantes de longueur 1.6 m et 3.2 m, construites pour cartographier les 3 quadripoles Q1, Q2, Q3. Les données sont analysées en série de Fourier. La cartographie a eu lieu in situ sur le bras Electron en 1996. On présente un premier ensemble de résultats de type intégral, parmi lesquels les propriétés du cycle d'excitation des aimants (saturation, hystéresis). Un deuxième ensemble de résultats de type champ local mène à la fabrication des cartes de champ 3D. Après corrections appliquées aux données, la précision obtenue est de l'ordre de 5 Gauss sur chacune des trois composantes du champ local, soit 5.10-4 en relatif par rapport au champ central des quadripoles. On présente les premiers résultats sur l'optique magnétique des spectromètres, obtenus en utilisant les cartes de champ QMM et le logiciel SNAKE de suivi de trajectoires.
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Su, Bo [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Stephan, and Nikolai [Akademischer Betreuer] Kornev. "High-Resolution Temperature Measurement during Forced Convective Heat Transfer at a Wall with a Dimple Structure / Bo Su. Betreuer: Peter Stephan ; Nikolai Kornev." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/111111272X/34.
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Shuttleworth, Sarah M. "The application of gel-based sampling techniques (DET and DGT) to the measurement of sediment pore-water solutes at high (mm) spatial resolution." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369497.
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Su, Bo Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] [Stephan, and Nikolai [Akademischer Betreuer] Kornev. "High-Resolution Temperature Measurement during Forced Convective Heat Transfer at a Wall with a Dimple Structure / Bo Su. Betreuer: Peter Stephan ; Nikolai Kornev." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-44632.
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Pant, Lok Raj. "The Radiative Lifetime Measurement on 61Σ+g (v = 9, 10, 11, J = 31) Excited States of Molecular Sodium Using Time Resolved High Resolution Doubled Resonance Spectroscopy." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1626966676896514.
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Metzendorf, Simon [Verfasser], and Volker [Akademischer Betreuer] Wulfmeyer. "10 W-average-power single-frequency Ti:sapphire laser with tuning agility : a breakthrough in high-resolution 3D water-vapor measurement / Simon Metzendorf ; Betreuer: Volker Wulfmeyer." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1176020609/34.
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Quéméner, Gilles. "Cartographie magnetique des quadripoles des spectrometres a haute resolution du thomas jefferson national accelerator facility, hall a. (le projet q. M. M. : quadrupole magnetic measurement)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007806.
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Cette these decrit les mesures magnetiques realisees sur les quadripoles supraconducteurs equipant les spectrometres a haute resolution (hrs) de tjnaf, hall a (usa), caracterises par une resolution p / p = 10#-#4, pour p 4gev. C#-#1. Une methode originale basee sur une sonde tournante multibobines a ete developpee. A partir d'une mesure de variation de flux dans les bobines tournantes et d'une modelisation precise des quadripoles, on determine le champ magnetique en tout point. La procedure fait appel au formalisme du champ 3d, solution de l'equation de laplace sous forme d'un developpement en serie de fourier-bessel. Le memoire presente la methode qmm, puis l'instrumentation qui consiste en deux sondes tournantes de longueur 1. 6 m et 3. 2 m, construites pour cartographier les 3 quadripoles q1, q2, q3. Les donnees sont analysees en serie de fourier. La cartographie a eu lieu in situ sur le bras electron en 1996. On presente un premier ensemble de resultats de type integral, parmi lesquels les proprietes du cycle d'excitation des aimants (saturation, hysteresis). Un deuxieme ensemble de resultats de type champ local mene a la fabrication des cartes de champ 3d. Apres corrections appliquees aux donnees, la precision obtenue est de l'ordre de 5 gauss sur chacune des trois composantes du champ local, soit 5. 10#-#4 en relatif par rapport au champ central des quadripoles. On presente les premiers resultats sur l'optique magnetique des spectrometres, obtenus en utilisant les cartes de champ qmm et le logiciel snake de suivi de trajectoires.
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Cheng, Yi-ting, and 鄭亦廷. "Portable High-Resolution Far Infrared Measurement Device." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96979227398103724969.
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碩士逢甲大學
電機工程所
98
Thermal detector has small size, low cost and operating at room temperature. The photo detector has replaced of thermal detector for thermal detection. In this study, a portable high-resolution far infrared measurement device consists of transmitter, receiver and processor (including display). The transmitter produce infrared pulse light by hard carbon film IR source. The receiver consists of the infrared thermopile detector, amplification circuit, and the capture circuit for detecting infrared radiation. The specification of this device are: (1) detection wavelength range from 6μm to 12μm, (2) IR source working from 2.6V to 6.4V, (3) temperature measurement range from 20℃ to 250℃ and (4) the reading circuit sensitivity 0.019 mV/℃. In this paper, we establish the measurement of mass product of diamond like carbon by infrared detection technology; this technique can easy to control the quality of diamond like carbon production by measuring reflectance. The structure of diamond like carbon showed slight variations from the change of reflectance.