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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Measurement of network parameters'
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Tobolka, Lukáš. "Problematika návrhu síťové infrastruktury." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442356.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to look at the design of network infrastructure in practice. There are individual procedures, brands, standards that must be followed when designing. It includes a brief general overview of terminal elements, cable systems and related matters. In general, methods for measuring optical lines and parameters for measuring metallic networks are described here. The possible complications that accompany it are briefly described in the implementation. The network design methodology is also described here on the example of a specific object. Before the actual handover of the work, the entire infrastructure is analyzed and measured with output protocols within the certification of the entire system together with outputs in the form of a measurement protocol.
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Černý, Michal. "Optimalizace a měření parametrů PON sítě FTTx." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218961.
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Práce rozebírá současný vývoj na poli pasivních optických sítí a jednotlivé generace přenosových standardů. Podrobněji se zabývá parametry ODN, metodami jejich měření a volbou potřebných měření v praxi. Hlavní část práce je zaměřena na měření pasivního WDM prvku, kde je provedena analýza vstupů a výstupů, měření vložného útlumu a přelechů podle ORL na provozních vlnových délkách.
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Dong, Wei. "Identification of Electrical Parameters in A Power Network Using Genetic Algorithms and Transient Measurements." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523043.
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Sukup, Luboš. "Metody měření výkonnostních a kvalitativních parametrů datových sítí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264927.
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Master thesis involves the development of quality measurement issues and performance parameters in data networks. It describes the main technologies as they affect the quality and performance parameters and the effect of these parameters for voice, video and data services. Next are listed some methods for measuring parameters of the data network.In the practical part is selected one method of measuring network parameters and properties of this method are demonstrated by illustrative examples.
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Yunda, Lozano Daniel. "Improving vertical handover performance for RTP streams containing voice : Using network parameters to predict future network conditions in order to make a vertical handover decision." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92019.
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Wireless local area networks WLAN and Voice over IP technologies enable local low cost wireless telephony, while cellular networks offer wide-area coverage. The use of dual mode WLAN-cellular terminals should allow cost savings by automatically switching from GSM to WLAN networks whenever it is feasible. However, in order to allow user mobility during a call, a handover procedure for transferring a call between the WLAN interface and the cellular network should be defined. The decision algorithm that triggers such a handover is critical to maintain voice quality and uninterrupted communication. Information or measurements collected from the network may be used to anticipate when the connection will degrade to such a point that a handover is desirable in order to allow a sufficient time span for the handover’s successful execution. It is the delay in detecting when to make a handover and the time to execute it that motivates the need for a prediction. The goal of this thesis is therefore to present a method to predict when a handover should be made based upon network conditions. We selected a number of WLAN and VoIP software tools and adapted them to perform the measurements. These tools allowed us to measure parameters of the WLAN’s physical and link layers. Packet losses and jitter measurements were used as well. We have assumed that there is ubiquitous cellular coverage so that we only have to be concerned with upward handovers (i.e, from the WLAN to the cellular network and not the reverse). Finally we have designed and evaluated a mechanism that triggers the handover based in these measurements.WLAN, trådlöst lokalt nätverk, och IP-telefoni tillsammans gör det möjligt med billig trådlös telefoni, samtidigt som mobiltelefoninätverk erbjuder stor signal beläggning. Att använda WLAN-mobil med dubbla hårdvaruterminaler skulle ge en kostnadsreducering genom att automatisk byta från GSM till WLAN när det är möjligt. Emellertid för att kunna flytta pågående samtal mellan ett WLAN- och ett mobilt gränssnitt, måste en handovermekansim definieras. En beslutsalgoritm som utlöser sådan handover är av stor vikt för att bibehålla röstkvalitet och oavbruten kommunikation. För att tillåta ett tillräckligt tidsspann för handoverns utförande kan information tagen från nätverket användas för att förutse när kommunikationen ska degraderas till en sådan punkt att en handover är önskvärd. Förseningen i detekteringen när en handover ska ske och tiden för utförandet motiverar behovet av förutsägelse. Det här exjobbet introducerar en metod som förutsäger när handover ska börja baserade på nätverksförhållandena. Vi har valt några WLAN och VoIP-program och anpassat dem för att genomföra mätningarna. Programmen tillät oss att mäta WLANs parameter för fysiska och datalänksskikten. Pecket Loss och jitter-mätningar användes likaså. Vi antog att det fanns GSM tjänst på alla platser så att vi endast behövde göra uppg aende handover(t.ex. från WLAN till mobilt nätverk och inte tvärtom). Vi framkallade och testade en mekanism att starta handovern baserade på nätverksmätningarna.
This is the same Ian Marsh as advisor who authored the disseratation http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10572
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Sosa, Martin Daniel. "Software Automation For Measurement-Based Behavioral Models Of Microwave." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/30.
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This thesis presents a study and implementation of several measurement procedures used to efficiently generate non-linear measurement-based behavioral models primary for microwave amplifiers. Behavioral models are a solution for representing devices that can present linear and/or non-linear behavior when little or no information about the internal structure is known. Measurement-based behavioral models are an advantage since they can be extracted from a direct measurement of the device. This work addresses some of the challenges of these types of measurements. A set of software modules has been produced that combine several modern techniques to efficiently generate practical models using equipment commonly available in a typical microwave lab. Advanced models using new and more complex equipment are also discussed.
Modeling of the non-linear operation of power amplifiers is a common subject of study since it provides a path to improved system simulations. However, the measurement process used for non-linear behavioral modeling of PAs requires either non-linear measurement instrumentation, not yet widely available, or numerous measurements that makes the process tedious and susceptible to errors. Power dependent S-Parameters obtained with a conventional Vector Network Analyzers (VNA) can be used to extract AM-to-AM and AM-to-PM behavior of a device and to generate, simple but useful, behavioral models. A careful analysis of the characteristics of common RF measurement instrumentation combined with knowledge of common non-linear phenomena provides with the conditions under which useful models can be generated.
The results of this work are presented as several programs implemented in National Instruments LabVIEW that will sequence through the different measurements required for the generation of measurement-based behavioral models. The implemented models are known as P2D and S2D models available with Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS.) The code will communicate with the measurement instrumentation and decide on the most efficient way to extract the data. Once the data is extracted, the code will put into the appropriate syntaxes required by the model for direct and convenient setup of the generated models in ADS.
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Benedik, Christopher. "Modeling and Minimization of Integrated Circuit Packaging Parasitics at Radio Frequencies." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1376605018.
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Julínek, Pavel. "Měření a modelování pokrytí bezdrátových sítí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221257.
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The diploma thesis describes mobile communication systems GSM and UMTS including the operating principle of these systems. It also deals with the GPS issues and the determination of the location by this system. The signal path losses issues between the transmitter and receiver are also described. The focus is also put on Telit UC864-G model and the measurement system, operated by the created programme with the graphic user interface, which measures parameters of the cellular network according to entered input parameters and saves the measured values into the file. The part of the diploma thesis describes another created programme with the graphic user interface displaying the measured network parameters in map data with the possibility to compare the distribution of the measured signal value in both outdoor and indoor environment and the theoretical value set by the propagation models.
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Lindh, Thomas. "Performance monitoring in communication networks." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3724.
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Performance monitoring in communication networks, which isthe main topic of this thesis, is an essential part ofperformance and network management. The applications cover anumber of different areas such as daily operations andmaintenance, usage information for billing purposes, customerreports, traffic control, planning, and dimensioning.
The main purpose of the thesis is to develop a single methodfor measurement of the most significant network performanceparameters in IP networks. It is a continuation from a previouslicentiate thesis that focused on performance monitoring incell-based networks.
The development of a measurement method that combines activeand passive approaches using monitoring blocks is the maincontribution of this work. A traffic flow performance meterbased on these principles has been implemented as an extensionto the open source flow meter NeTraMet and tested. Theresolution and precision of the results are determined by thesize of the monitoring block, which is the methods mainparameter. Relevant statistical issues regarding packet lossesand delays are analysed. Finally, the measurement method isdiscussed in the context of applications, as well as networkand service management systems in general.
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Behera, Soom Satyam. "Detecting Communities in Networks and Performance Prediction Based on Relation Strength Measurement." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34347.
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Complex networks is an interdisciplinary research area which focuses on the study of properties of complex systems that have many functional or structural subunits. Community detection algorithms are one of the major approaches to analyse complex networks with multilevel or overlapping community structures. This research work focuses on constructing a novel community detection approach for simplification of a given complex demographic network.
The general process of the abstraction from concrete problems as well as the general definition of communities have not been well defined and all the existing methods are derived from specific backgrounds, leaving the reliabilities in other fields open to ques- tion. This specificity of the existing methods reveals the need for a general approach for community definition and detection. Here, we devise a general procedure to find community structures in concrete problems by classifying the concrete networks into two basic types: Transmission networks and Similarity networks. The relation among nodes in transmission networks are constructed by material transmission and the ones in similarity network are constructed by the similarity in properties of the nodes. We show that both the types can be represented based upon an unified graph model. Based on the model, we propose a generic approach, Relation Strength Measurement (RSM), to define the communities.
We have demonstrated that the Effective Resistance Function (ERF), from the Klein and Randic’s electrical network model, is applicable for quantifying the relation among nodes. We have also introduced a community threshold parameter (CP) based on which, the RSM algorithm categorizes the network nodes into communities. We have compared the performance of our algorithm with other well known community detection methods. The simulation results show that the algorithm accurately obtains the division of community structure both in real-world and synthetic networks.
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Sobrinho, André Sanches Fonseca. "Desenvolvimento de uma unidade de medição fasorial otimizada para sistemas de distribuição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18153/tde-05052016-114303/.
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Os sistemas elétricos de distribuição estão evoluindo rapidamente devido à penetração de geração distribuída e ao crescimento na utilização de avançadas estruturas de medição e sistemas de gerenciamento de distribuição de energia elétrica. Esta evolução traz consigo novos desafios devido à intermitência da geração, a qual pode gerar impactos indesejáveis nos sistemas de distribuição, como a interação de diferentes harmônicos. As Unidades de Medição Fasorial (PMUs) tem potencial para desempenhar um importante papel no monitoramento de sistemas elétricos de distribuição por meio dos fasores com medidas temporalmente sincronizadas de tensão e corrente em vários locais do sistema, oferecendo assim inúmeras possibilidades para estimar o estado de uma rede de distribuição. Porém, para serem utilizadas amplamente em redes de distribuição, é necessário que as PMUs apresentem um menor custo e possuam algumas características funcionais exclusivas para o uso nestas redes. Assim, o objetivo desta tese consiste no desenvolvimento de uma unidade de medição fasorial de baixo custo com características originais para o uso no nível de distribuição de energia elétrica, tais como medição fasorial nas redes de média e baixa tensão utilizando a modelagem dos transformadores e a identificação e estimação dos parâmetros da causa de ocorrência de distúrbios elétricos. Para isso, foram construídos dois protótipos da unidade de medição fasorial proposta neste trabalho, visando verificar a sincronização na medição de fasores de tensão e corrente. Os protótipos também foram acoplados à rede com diferentes combinações de impedância e alimentaram variadas cargas, onde foi possível através das técnicas implementadas nos equipamentos identificar e estimar os parâmetros elétricos da origem (rede ou carga) da ocorrência de variações na tensão e potência fornecidas pela rede distribuição.Power distribution systems are evolving at a high pace largely due to the proliferation of distributed energy resources and the growing utilization of advanced metering infrastructures and distribution management system. This evolution is also leading to new challenges due large penetration of intermittent distributed generation, which can lead to noticeable impacts on distribution feeders. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have the potential to play an essential role in power distribution system monitoring. For providing synchronized measurements of voltage and current phasors at various system locations, PMUs offer numerous possibilities for ascertaining information relating to the state of the power distribution system. However, to be used widely in power distribution systems, its necessary that PMUs get a low cost and have some exclusive features for these systems. Thus, the main objective of this thesis have consisted of developing a low cost Phasor Measurement Unit with original features proposed for distribution level, such as compatibility with low and medium voltage power networks using transformer modeling and also the identification and parameter estimation of the cause of electrical disturbances. So, they were built two prototypes of the Phasor Measurement Unit, in order to verify the synchronization in the measurement of voltage and current phasors. The prototypes were also coupled to the network with different combinations of impedance and they fed varying loads, where it was possible through the techniques implemented in the equipment identify and estimate electrical parameters of the cause (network or load) of variations in voltage and power supplied by the network distribution.
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Li, Zeyuan. "Target localization using RSS measurements in wireless sensor networks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31356.
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The subject of this thesis is the development of localization algorithms for target localization in wireless sensor networks using received signal strength (RSS) measurements or Quantized RSS (QRSS) measurements. In chapter 3 of the thesis, target localization using RSS measurements is investigated. Many existing works on RSS localization assumes that the shadowing components are uncorrelated. However, here, shadowing is assumed to be spatially correlated. It can be shown that localization accuracy can be improved with the consideration of correlation between pairs of RSS measurements. By linearizing the corresponding Maximum Likelihood (ML) objective function, a weighted least squares (WLS) algorithm is formulated to obtain the target location. An iterative technique based on Newtons method is utilized to give a solution. Numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithms achieves better performance than existing algorithms with reasonable complexity. In chapter 4, target localization with an unknown path loss model parameter is investigated. Most published work estimates location and these parameters jointly using iterative methods with a good initialization of path loss exponent (PLE). To avoid finding an initialization, a global optimization algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to optimize the ML objective function. By combining PSO with a consensus algorithm, the centralized estimation problem is extended to a distributed version so that can be implemented in distributed WSN. Although suboptimal, the distributed approach is very suitable for implementation in real sensor networks, as it is scalable, robust against changing of network topology and requires only local communication. Numerical simulations show that the accuracy of centralized PSO can attain the Cramer Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). Also, as expected, there is some degradation in performance of the distributed PSO with respect to the centralized PSO. In chapter 5, a distributed gradient algorithm for RSS based target localization using only quantized data is proposed. The ML of the Quantized RSS is derived and PSO is used to provide an initial estimate for the gradient algorithm. A practical quantization threshold designer is presented for RSS data. To derive a distributed algorithm using only the quantized signal, the local estimate at each node is also quantized. The RSS measurements and the local estimate at each sensor node are quantized in different ways. By using a quantization elimination scheme, a quantized distributed gradient method is proposed. In the distributed algorithm, the quantization noise in the local estimate is gradually eliminated with each iteration. Simulations show that the performance of the centralized algorithm can reach the CRLB. The proposed distributed algorithm using a small number of bits can achieve the performance of the distributed gradient algorithm using unquantized data.
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Wang, Jiajun. "Measurement and identification of pneumatic tyre parameters." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33663.
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This report deals with the measurement and identification of important parameters of various tyre models. Being a necessary step in the process of tyre related simulations, tyre testing is an important subject. In particular, making the test procedure simpler, more efficient and test results more accurate is what explored the most. For this project, after extensive studies on tyre modelling and testing, two problems were chosen to tackle. The first problem is tyre structural parameter identification being too difficult to carry out and time consuming, tyre modal testing in particular. The second problem is the usage of simple tyre models is limited due to they are normally parameterized on expensive professional tyre testing machines which are not commonly found in normal labs. In this study, it focuses on the identification of longitudinal relaxation length. In order to deal with the first problem, a convenient and effective approach of extracting tyre modal parameters is established. Compared with the conventional multi-degree curve fitting method, this new developed approach improves the efficiency and simplifies the curve fitting process dramatically while still maintaining adequate accuracy. In terms of solving the second problem, the development of a tyre relaxation length test is initiated. Virtual simulations using Matlab/Simulink have been carried out which has verified its principle. Feasibility, equipment design and the proposed test procedure of the practical test will also be discussed.
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Berrie, Jeffery A. "Measurement of electrical parameters for planar materials /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487759436328874.
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Statz, C., J. Küttner, D. Plettemeier, and Thomas Herlitzius. "SEBIMO - Microwave-based Measurement of Soil Parameters." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-229895.
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Martín, Severiano Juan Carlos. "IEEE 802.11b MAC layer's influence on VoIP quality parameters : Measurements and Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Mikroelektronik och informationsteknik, IMIT, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92577.
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Real-time voice measurements were performed to assess whether there are significant problems with 802.11b wireless networks regarding real-time voice communication. We present an analysis of how the 802.11b MAC protocol and diverse environmental conditions affect the quality of real-time voice in terms of loss, delay, and jitter. We also reveal practical issues of wireless monitoring with passive sniffers for this type of analysis. The results obtained in our measurements show that in the majority of the experiments the quality was good, but under some circumstances the requirements for an acceptable voice communication were not met.Realtidsröstmätningar gjordes för att testa om det finns problem med 802.11b trådlösa nätverk beträffande realtidsröstkommunikation. En analys presenteras av hur 802.11b MACs protokoll och olika tillstånd i omgivningen påverkar kvaliteten på realtidsrösten i form av förluster, fördröjningar och jitter. Även praktiska angelägenheter om trådlös övervakning med passiva sniffers visas. De erhållna resultaten visar att i en majoritet av fallen var kvaliteten acceptabel, men under vissa förhållanden blev inte kraven för röstkommunikation uppfyllda.
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Åkesson, Emma. "Information visualization of network parameters in private cellular network solutions." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280858.
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In the upcoming years, industrial enterprises are expected to undergo a major transformation, as the Internet of Things (IoT) reaches widespread adoption. A key enabler behind this transformation, known as Industry 4.0, is the 5th generation of cellular networks (5G). Through privately owned networks, enterprises will be able to utilize the 5G technology to tailor the network to meet their needs in terms of security, reliability, and quality of service. Although much of the technology is currently in place, few efforts have been dedicated to help enterprises understand and optimise the value that this new solution brings. One way of making 5G more accessible is through information visualization of its data. Dashboards are today the widely adopted tool for processing data in organisations. This study aimed at examining the affordances and challenges of information visualization of 5G network data in such a tool, in order to make 5G more accessible. A large number of commercial network management dashboards were reviewed in relation to research on effective dashboard design, and a prototype was developed and evaluated with seven user experience experts. Results from the expert review suggests information visualization clearly aided communication of the five visualized network parameters: throughput, latency, availability, coverage, and devices. However, to fully examine the usefulness of the tool, further research on the tool’s fit in an industry context needs to be conducted.Inom de kommande åren förväntas industriföretag genomgå en stor transformation, i samband med att sakernas internet (engelskans Internet of Things, IoT) når utbredd användning. En viktig möjliggörare bakom denna transformation, känd som Industri 4.0, är den 5:e generationens mobilnät (5G). Genom privatägda mobilnät kommer företag att kunna använda 5G teknologin till att skräddarsy sina nätverk för att tillgodose de egna behoven gällande säkerhet, tillförlitlighet och kvalitet. Trots att mycket av 5G teknologin redan är på plats, har få ansträngningar gjorts för att hjälpa företag förstå och optimera värdet som denna nya lösning medför. Ett sätt som kan göra 5G mer lättförståeligt är genom informationsvisualisering av dess data. Dashboards är idag det mest använda verktyget för att bearbeta data i organisationer. Denna studie ämnade därför att undersöka fördelarna och nackdelarna med informationsvisualisering av data från ett privat 5G-nät i ett sådant verktyg. Ett stort antal kommersiella dashboards för nätverksprestationshantering granskades i förhållande till forskning inom området för effektiv design av dashboards, och en prototyp utvecklades och utvärderades med sju experter inom användarupplevelse. Resultaten från expertgranskningen tyder på att användningen av informationsvisualisering klart hjälpte i kommunikationen av de fem visualiserade nätverksparametrarna: genomströmning, svarstid, tillgänglighet, täckning och uppkopplade enheter. Däremot krävs ytterligare forskning kring verktygets roll i industriell kontext för att kunna göra en fullständig granskning av verktygets användbarhet.
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Biswas, Sanjeet Kumar. "Analysis and comparison of network performance with different network parameters." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1703.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the network performance by observing the effect of varying network size and data link rate on one of the most commonly found network configurations. Computer networks have been growing explosively. Networking is used in every aspect of business, including advertising, production, shipping, planning, billing, and accounting. Communication takes place through networks that form the basis of transfer of information. The number and type of components may vary from network to network depending on several factors such as requirement and actual physical placement of the networks. There is no fixed size of the networks and they can be very small consisting of say five to six nodes or very large consisting of over two thousand nodes. The varying network sizes make it very important to study the network performance so as to be able to predict the functioning and the suitability of the network. The findings demonstrated that the network performance parameters such as global delay, load, router processor utilization, router processor delay, etc. are affected.
The findings demonstrated that the network performance parameters such as global delay, load, router processor utilization, router processor delay, etc. are affected significantly due to the increase in the size of the network and that there exists a correlation between the various parameters and the size of the network. These variations are not only dependent on the magnitude of the change in the actual physical area of the network but also on the data link rate used to connect the various components of the network.
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Bayram, Alican. "Identification Of Kinematic Parameters Using Pose Measurements And Building A Flexible Interface." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614819/index.pdf.
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Robot manipulators are considered as the key element in flexible manufacturing systems. Nonetheless, for a successful accomplishment of robot integration, the robots need to be accurate. The leading source of inaccuracy is the mismatch
between the prediction made by the robot controller and the actual system. This work presents techniques for identification of actual kinematic parameters and pose accuracy compensation using a laser-based 3-D measurement system. In identification stage, both direct search and gradient methods are utilized. A computer simulation of the identification is performed using virtual position measurements. Moreover, experimentation is performed on industrial robot FANUC Robot R-2000iB/210F to test full pose and relative position accuracy improvements.
In addition, accuracy obtained by classical parametric methodology is improved by the implementation of artificial neural networks. Neuro-parametric method proves an enhanced improvement in simulation results. The whole proposed theory is reflected by developed simulation software throughout this work while achieving accuracy nine times better when comparing before and after implementation.
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Pham, Thi Dao. "Conception et développement d’étalons pour la mesure des paramètres S en mode mixte de circuits intégrés et méthodes associées." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT032/document.
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Des circuits différentiels sont largement utilisés pour la conception de composants hyperfréquences principalement en raison de leur meilleure immunité au bruit. Ces circuits doivent être caractérisés au moyen de paramètres S en mode mixte (mode différentiel, mode commun et conversion entre les deux modes). De plus, la tendance à la miniaturisation et à l’intégration des dispositifs hyperfréquences conduit à l’utilisation de structures planaires ou coplanaires telles que les lignes micro-ruban ou les lignes coplanaires. La structure coplanaire avec les conducteurs déposés à la surface supérieure du substrat évite de réaliser des trous métallisés, et donc simplifie la fabrication et empêche l’apparition d’éléments parasites. Du point de vue de la métrologie électrique, il est nécessaire d’établir la traçabilité des mesures de paramètres S en mode mixte au Système International d’unités (SI). La méthode d’étalonnage Multimode Thru – Reflect – Line (TRL), dérivée de l’étalonnage TRL couramment utilisée pour les mesures de paramètres S de circuits asymétriques, est bien adaptée à cette problématique. En effet, l’impédance caractéristique, qui définit l’impédance de référence du système de mesure, peut être obtenue à partir des constantes de propagation déterminées lors de la procédure Multimode TRL et des capacités linéiques en DC.Nous présentons la première conception et la réalisation d’un kit d’étalonnage Multimode TRL et d’un kit de vérification à base des lignes coplanaires couplées en configuration « Ground – Signal – Ground – Signal – Ground » sur un substrat de quartz (SiO2) à faibles pertes diélectriques pour des mesures de paramètres S en mode mixte sur wafer de 1 GHz à 40 GHz. Les mesures sont effectuées à l’aide de deux méthodes : l’approche « one-tier » basée sur la procédure d’étalonnage Multimode TRL afin de déterminer et de corriger l’ensemble des erreurs systématiques ou bien l’approche « two-tier » qui fractionne la détermination et la correction des termes d’erreur en deux étapes dont la deuxième est associée à la méthode Multimode TRL. La faisabilité et la validation de ces techniques sont démontrées par des mesures d’éléments de vérification, constitués de lignes (adaptées, désadaptées et déséquilibrées) et d’atténuateurs en T, qui montrent un très bon accord entre les valeurs mesurées et simulées.La propagation des incertitudes est évaluée soit à partir du calcul des dérivées partielles à l’aide de l’outil Metas.Unclib ou bien par simulation numérique basée sur la méthode de Monte Carlo. La précision des mesures de paramètres S sous pointes dépend des sources d’influence attribuées aux mesures et aux imperfections des étalons telles que le bruit et la non-linéarité de l’analyseur de réseaux vectoriel, la stabilité des câbles, la répétabilité des mesures et la sensibilité dans la réalisation des étalons. Faute de temps, nous nous limitons à estimer la propagation d’incertitudes liées à la répétabilité de mesure des étalons et du dispositif sous test (DST) aux valeurs des paramètres S corrigés de la ligne désadaptée. Les résultats montrent que l’approche des dérivées partielles basée sur une approximation de la série de Taylor au premier ordre ne peut pas être utilisée avec précision à cause de l’influence significative de la non-linéarité des fonctions mathématiques de l’algorithme Multimode TRL. La méthode Monte Carlo s’avère alors plus précise bien qu’elle nécessite des temps de calcul très longsDifferential circuits are widely used in the design of high frequency components mainly because of their better noise immunity. These circuits can be characterized using mixed-mode S parameters (differential- and common-mode S-parameters and cross-mode terms). Furthermore, the trend toward miniaturization and integration of microwave devices increases the need for planar or coplanar microwave integrated circuits such as micro-strip lines or coplanar waveguides. The ungrounded coplanar waveguide structure with all the conductors located on the same side of the substrate eliminates the need for via-holes, and thus simplifies manufacturing and prevents the appearance of some parasitic elements. From the viewpoint of electrical metrology, it is necessary to establish the traceability of the mixed-mode S-parameter measurements to the International System of Units (SI). The Multimode Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) calibration method, derived from the commonly-used TRL calibration for S-parameter measurements of single-ended circuits, is particularly well suited for this purpose as the standards are traceable via dimensional measurements. The characteristic impedance, which defines the reference impedance of the measurement system, can be achieved from the propagation constants determined during the Multimode TRL calibration and the capacitances per unit length of the transmission line.We present the first design and realization of Multimode TRL calibration and verification kits using coupled coplanar lines in the "Ground - Signal - Ground - Signal - Ground" configuration on quartz (SiO2), the low-loss substrate, for on-wafer mixed-mode S-parameter measurements from 1 GHz to 40 GHz. Measurements are performed using two methods: the “one-tier” technique, based on the Multimode TRL calibration procedure, determines and corrects all systematic errors. The “two-tier” approach, in which the Multimode TRL is applied at the second-tier, is applied to measurement data that were partially corrected by the first calibration. The feasibility and the validation of the methods are demonstrated by measurements of matched, mismatched and unbalanced lines and T-attenuators showing good agreement between simulated and measured results.The propagation of uncertainty can be derived by the calculation of partial derivatives using the Metas.Unclib tool or by the numerical approach based on the Monte Carlo technique. The accuracy of on-wafer S-parameter measurements depends on sources of influence attributed to the measurements and to the imperfections of the standards such as the VNA noise and non-linearity, the cable stability, the measurement repeatability, and the sensitivity in calibration standards’ realization. We focus, first and foremost, on the propagation of uncertainties related to the repeatability of the standards and the device under test measurements to the corrected mixed-mode S-parameters of the mismatched line. The results show that the partial derivatives approach based on an approximation of the first-order Taylor series cannot be accurately used due to the significant influences of non-linear functions in the Multimode TRL algorithm. The Monte Carlo method is then more precise although it requires very long computation time
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Ikiz, Suheyla. "Performance Parameters Of Wireless Virtual Private Network." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607094/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF WIRELESS VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK
KZ, Süheyla Ms.c, Department of Information Systems Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazife Baykal Co-Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Yusuf Murat Erten January 2006, 78 pages As the use of PC&rsquo
s and handheld devices increase, it expected that wireless communication would also grow. One of the major concerns in wireless communication is the security. Virtual Private Network (VPN) is the most secure solution that ensures three main aspect of security: authentication, accountability and encryption can use in wireless networks. Most VPNs have built on IP Security Protocol (IPSec) to support end-to-end secure data transmission. IPSec is a wellunderstood and widely used mechanism for wired network communication. Because, wireless networks have limited bandwidth and wireless devices have limited power and less capable CPU, the performance of the networks when VPN&rsquo
s are used is an important research area. We have investigated the use of VPNs in wireless LANs to provide end &ndash
to &ndash
end security. We have selected IPSec as the VPN protocol and investigated the effects of using IPSec on the throughput, packet loss, and delay of the wireless LANs. For this purpose, we have set up a test bed and based, our results on the actual measurements obtained from the experiments performed using the test bed. v The wireless LAN we have used is an 802.11g network and the results show that the performance of the network is adversely affected when VPN&rsquo
s are used but the degradation is not as bad as expected.
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Rao, S. Madhusudana. "Optical Metrology:Techniques For The Measurement Of Optical Parameters." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/204.
Full textAbstract:
The work reported in this thesis has been carried out in the following two areas of Optical metrology:
1. Measurement and correction of prism angles
2. Measurement of refractive indices using a spectrograph.
The prism angles are conventionally tested by mechanical bevel protractors, autocol-limators (angle dekkors), simple interference techniques and interferometers.
All these methods have their own limitations either in accuracy or in terms of cost.
Mechanical methods are usually employed to measure the angles of prisms. Interference techniques and interferometers are also used but they need optically polished components. For both mechanical and simple interference methods of testing, it is essential to fabricate more than a single component in number. The process of building interferometers or purchasing interferometers, angle dekkors and standard angle gauges is not cost effective for many research laboratories, and medium scale industries. To overcome these difficulties simple and inexpensive methods without sacrificing the accuracy in the bargain are suggested for the measurement of prism angles, based on the principles of reflection of light.
The refractive indices of prism materials for invisible and weaker spectral lines are usually determined from spectrograms using dispersion formulae and numerical interpolation techniques. In these methods, the accuracy of the results depends on the accuracy of determining the constants of the dispersion formulae. A simple experimental technique, using a spectrograph, is devised for the measurement of refractive indices of solids and liquids both for visible and invisible spectral lines (wavelengths).
The thesis has been divided into six chapters.
The first chapter starts with the general introduction.
The second chapter presents the literature review of the existing methods for angle and refractive index measurements.
The third chapter describes the proposed new techniques for prism angle measurements.
The fourth chapter presents the experimental results of angle measurements, and the discussion of the accuracy of the results. This chapter also gives the scope for further research.
The fifth chapter describes a newly proposed technique for measuring refractive indices and the experimental results. This chapter also gives the scope for further research.
The summary of the results, conclusions, and suggestions for further work are presented in chapter six.
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Dagtekin, Ebru. "Measurement Of Nonuniform Magnetized Argon Plasma Discharge Parameters." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607934/index.pdf.
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Effects of a magnetic field on the double-probe technique are studied experimentally by means of symmetric floating computer controlled fast double probes in low and intermediate pressure plasmas. In addition, the effects of the magnetic field on the electron temperature, electron density, and electric field have been investigated. As it is expected, when there is no magnetic field, properties of the discharge plasma are best described by Langmuir theory. Whereas, when there&rsquos a magnetic field of sufficient strength Schottky&rsquo
s theory of ambipolar diffusion applies.
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Zhao, Yixiang, and Hao Niu. "Measurement of dynamic parameters of Delta-Sigma ADC." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12678.
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In present day, digital signal processing (DSP) is a popular technology and widely used in many fields. There have increasing number of applications that need high resolution converters. Therefore, analog-to-digital converters play a major role in DSP, and a well-performed ADC will enhance the performance of a certain system. Different types of ADCs are available for various functions. Delta-sigma converters are famous for high resolution. Dynamic parameters can be used to judge the performance of an ADC, this paper will focus on the critical parameters of spectrum analysis, which contains Signal-to-Noise-and-Distortion Ratio (SINAD), Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) and Spurious-free Dynamic Range (SFDR). The theory and test method of these critical parameters are proposed in this paper using the Evaluation Module and Matlab. The results we acquired from the Evaluation Module are SINAD=86.15dB, SFDR=109.2dB, ENOB=14.177bits; and the results we calculated from MATLAB are: SINAD=86.14dB, SFDR=108.8dB, ENOB=14bits.
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Whelan, Edmund Peter. "Measurement of the Michel parameters in tau decays." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386442.
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Yin, Fan. "Measurement of parameters for design of adsorption chiller." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601213.
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Adsorption refrigeration is one method of using waste heat/solar thermal power to generate cooling. However, the current performance of adsorption chillers needs to be improved. The key to optimising the design of the chiller is to understanding the adsorption parameters for different working pairs. In these parameters, the most important ones are: (1) equilibrium adsorption capacity and (2) the kinetic adsorption rate. Based on measurements of capacity and adsorption rate coefficient, parameters used in the design of the chiller like the length of the fin, the thickness of the adsorbent bed and the cycle time were studied computationally. Therefore, this thesis concerns the measurement of adsorption process parameters experimentally, and thereafter, the modelling of a chiller design. The equilibrium capacities of silica-gel/water and two types of activated carbon cloth (Chemviron Tm FM10 and FM100)/methanol were measured by thermogravimetric experiments in the temperature range of 30 to 80 'C . The isotherms of silica-gel/water were fitted by Henry's Law (Uptake<35%) and the isotherms for two types of ACC/methanol were fitted by the Toth equation. A new torsion balance was designed and built to measure the kinetics of the working pairs under different temperatures. By testing this newly designed balance with different sample temperatures and materials, different rate coefficients were obtained. The experiments also indicated that the rate coefficient for adsorption of silica-gel/water increased with temperature: the adsorption rate coefficient doubled following heating from 30'C to 60"C . On the other hand, the rate coefficient of the ACE/methanol pairs appeared to be unaffected by the temperature of the adsorbent. A discussion of experimental error and underlying physic is given in this thesis. Measurements were used in a model of a coated f10 system. Fin length, bed thickness and cycle time were varied in order to get an optimised solution. The performance changes caused by different parameters are presented and discussed.
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Freeman, Alan John. "Measurement of physiological parameters with echo-planar imaging." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262655.
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Dong, Chen-Koung. "Measurement of printer parameters for model-based halftoning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12812.
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Kumar, Abhishek. "Network Data Streaming: Algorithms for Network Measurement and Monitoring." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11172005-143837/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.Dr. Mostafa Ammar, Committee Member ; Dr. Mark Crovella, Committee Member ; Dr. Constantinos Dovrolis, Committee Member ; Dr. Ellen Zegura, Committee Chair ; Dr. Jun Xu, Committee Chair. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lee, Dong Jin. "Toward empirical IP host traffic measurement in passive network measurement." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5237.
Full textAbstract:
An IP flow represents a group of packets that share the same attribute such as their source address. The ever-growing network traffic produces an enormous number of flows. Recent studies attempt to simplify and mine flows in order to understand the network’s behaviour. The traditional technique of packet aggregation to 5-tuple flows provides understanding of the flows themselves, but fails to capture an understanding of the aggregated end-point that generates flows: the IP host. This thesis describes the design, development and analysis of a measurement method that identifies an IP host from network traffic. A conceptual model of IP host aggregations has been designed to summarize traffic: from 5-tuple to 2-tuple and finally to 1-tuple IP host. Using the framework, various observations and analyses have been conducted at the host level, including empirical distributions and behaviour relationships. Several host characteristics and applications are examined from real-world network data, such as characterizing host interaction variability and identifying hosts that are potentially significant.Whole document restricted until 09/2012, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Guermazi, Mahdi. "In-Vitro Biological Tissue State Monitoring based on Impedance Spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-206710.
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The relationship between post-mortem state and changes of biological tissue impedance has been investigated to serve as a basis for developing an in-vitro measurement method for monitoring the freshness of meat. The main challenges thereby are the reproducible measurement of the impedance of biological tissues and the classification method of their type and state. In order to realize reproducible tissue bio-impedance measurements, a suitable sensor taking into account the anisotropy of the biological tissue has been developed. It consists of cylindrical penetrating multi electrodes realizing good contacts between electrodes and the tissue. Experimental measurements have been carried out with different tissues and for a long period of time in order to monitor the state degradation with time. Measured results have been evaluated by means of the modified Fricke-Cole-Cole model. Results are reproducible and correspond to the expected behavior due to aging. An appropriate method for feature extraction and classification has been proposed using model parameters as features as input for classification using neural networks and fuzzy logic. A Multilayer Perceptron neural network (MLP) has been proposed for muscle type computing and the age computing and respectively freshness state of the meat. The designed neural network is able to generalize and to correctly classify new testing data with a high performance index of recognition. It reaches successful results of test equal to 100% for 972 created inputs for each muscle. An investigation of the influence of noise on the classification algorithm shows, that the MLP neural network has the ability to correctly classify the noisy testing inputs especially when the parameter noise is less than 0.6%. The success of classification is 100% for the muscles Longissimus Dorsi (LD) of beef, Semi-Membraneous (SM) of beef and Longissimus Dorsi (LD) of veal and 92.3% for the muscle Rectus Abdominis (RA) of veal. Fuzzy logic provides a successful alternative for easy classification. Using the Gaussian membership functions for the muscle type detection and trapezoidal member function for the classifiers related to the freshness detection, fuzzy logic realized an easy method of classification and generalizes correctly the inputs to the corresponding classes with a high level of recognition equal to 100% for meat type detection and with high accuracy for freshness computing equal to 84.62% for the muscle LD beef, 92.31 % for the muscle RA beef, 100 % for the muscle SM veal and 61.54% for the muscle LD vealAuf der Basis von Impedanzspektroskopie wurde ein neuartiges in-vitro-Messverfahren zur Überwachung der Frische von biologischem Gewebe entwickelt. Die wichtigsten Herausforderungen stellen dabei die Reproduzierbarkeit der Impedanzmessung und die Klassifizierung der Gewebeart sowie dessen Zustands dar. Für die Reproduzierbarkeit von Impedanzmessungen an biologischen Geweben, wurde ein zylindrischer Multielektrodensensor realisiert, der die 2D-Anisotropie des Gewebes berücksichtigt und einen guten Kontakt zum Gewebe realisiert. Experimentelle Untersuchungen wurden an verschiedenen Geweben über einen längeren Zeitraum durchgeführt und mittels eines modifizierten Fricke-Cole-Cole-Modells analysiert. Die Ergebnisse sind reproduzierbar und entsprechen dem physikalisch-basierten erwarteten Verhalten. Als Merkmale für die Klassifikation wurden die Modellparameter genutzt
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Sanjuàs, Cuxart Josep. "Efficient algorithms for passive network measurement." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/80540.
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Network monitoring has become a necessity to aid in the management and operation of large networks. Passive network monitoring consists of extracting metrics (or any information of interest) by analyzing the traffic that traverses one or more network links. Extracting information from a high-speed network link is challenging, given the great data volumes and short packet inter-arrival times. These difficulties can be alleviated by using extremely efficient algorithms or by sampling the incoming traffic. This work improves the state of the art in both these approaches.
For one-way packet delay measurement, we propose a series of improvements over a recently appeared technique called Lossy Difference Aggregator. A main limitation of this technique is that it does not provide per-flow measurements. We propose a data structure called Lossy Difference Sketch that is capable of providing such per-flow delay measurements, and, unlike recent related works, does not rely on any model of packet delays.
In the problem of collecting measurements under the sliding window model, we focus on the estimation of the number of active flows and in traffic filtering. Using a common approach, we propose one algorithm for each problem that obtains great accuracy with significant resource savings.
In the traffic sampling area, the selection of the sampling rate is a crucial aspect. The most sensible approach involves dynamically adjusting sampling rates according to network traffic conditions, which is known as adaptive sampling. We propose an algorithm called Cuckoo Sampling that can operate with a fixed memory budget and perform adaptive flow-wise packet sampling. It is based on a very simple data structure and is computationally extremely lightweight.
The techniques presented in this work are thoroughly evaluated through a combination of theoretical and experimental analysis.
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Moore, Andrew William. "Measurement-based management of network resources." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620219.
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Gustavsson, Jonas. "Automated Performance Optimization of GSM/EDGE Network Parameters." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Communication Systems, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-52565.
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The GSM network technology has been developed and improved during several years which have led to an increased complexity. The complexity results in more network parameters and together with different scenarios and situations they form a complex set of configurations. The definition of the network parameters is generally a manual process using static values during test execution. This practice can be costly, difficult and laborious and as the network complexity continues to increase, this problem will continue to grow.This thesis presents an implementation of an automated performance optimization algorithm that utilizes genetic algorithms for optimizing the network parameters. The implementation has been used for proving that the concept of automated optimization is working and most of the work has been carried out in order to use it in practice. The implementation has been applied to the Link Quality Control algorithm and the Improved ACK/NACK feature, which is an apart of GSM EDGE Evolution.
GSM-nätsteknologin har utvecklats och förbättrats under lång tid, vilket har lett till en ökad komplexitet. Denna ökade komplexitet har resulterat i fler nätverksparameterar, tillstånd och standarder. Tillsammans utgör de en komplex uppsättning av olika konfigurationer. Dessa nätverksparameterar har hittills huvudsakligen bestämts med hjälp av en manuell optimeringsprocess. Detta tillvägagångssätt är både dyrt, svårt och tidskrävande och allt eftersom komplexiteten av GSM-näten ökar kommer problemet att bli större.Detta examensarbete presenterar en implementering av en algoritm för automatiserad optimering av prestanda som huvudsakligen använder sig av genetiska algoritmer för att optimera värdet av nätverksparametrarna. Implementeringen har använts för att påvisa att konceptet med en automatiserad optimering fungerar och det mesta av arbetet har utförts för att kunna använda detta i praktiken. Implementeringen har tillämpats på Link Quality Control-algoritmen och Improved ACK/NACK-funktionaliteten, vilket är en del av GSM EDGE Evolution.
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Shaun, Ferdous Jahan. "Multi-Parameters Miniature Sensor for Water Network Management." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1138/document.
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L’eau est une ressource vitale, indispensable à la vie sur terre. A l’instar de nombreuses autres ressources naturelles, l’eau propre à la consommation est soumise à une forte pression à cause de l’impact de l’activité humaine d’une part et de l’augmentation continue de la population mondiale d’autre part. Une pression tellement forte que l’eau propre représente l’un des 17 objectifs de développement durable des Nations Unies. Dans ce contexte, une gestion rationnelle et durable de la ressource s’avère indispensable. Dans ce but, un système intelligent de supervision des réseaux d’eau potable peut s’avérer très utile. Les systèmes existant sont toutefois peu intégrés et compacts, nécessitent souvent une alimentation externe, et restent relativement chers pour un déploiement massif sur les réseaux. La présente thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche européen, PROTEUS, visant à pallier ces différents problèmes en mettant au point un système de mesure pour la supervision de la ressource en eau permettant la mesure de 9 paramètres physico-chimiques, reconfigurable, et énergétiquement autonome. La contribution de la présente thèse à ce projet porte sur la conception et l’optimisation des différents capteurs physiques (conductivité électrique, pression, température et débit) ainsi qu’à leur co-intégration sur une même puce. Le système proposé montre des performances au moins égales à celle de l’état de l’art en ce qui concerne la robustesse, assurée par la redondance de nombreux éléments sensibles, le domaine de sensibilité et la consommation énergétique. Le présent manuscrit est par conséquent construit comme suit : le premier chapitre est une introduction générale à la supervision de grandeurs environnementales et à la puce multi-capteurs. Le second chapitre décrit la structure de la puce multi-capteurs ainsi que les méthodes de fabrication utilisées, avec une attention particulière accordée aux capteurs de pression et de conductivité électrique. Le troisième chapitre porte sur l’utilisation de résistances électriques pour la mesure de diverses grandeurs physiques, notamment la température. Le dernier chapitre s’attarde plus particulièrement sur l’utilisation de ce type de résistances pour la mesure de débit avant de conclure et de proposer des perspectives pour des travaux futursWater is a vital element for every living being on the earth. Like many other dwindling natural resources, clean water faces a strong pressure because of human activity and the rapid growth of global population. The situation is so critical that clean water has been identified as one of the seventeenth sustainable development goals of the United Nations. Under these conditions, a sustainable management of water resources is necessary. For this purpose, a smart solution for water networks monitoring can be very helpful. However, commercially available solutions lack compactness, self-powering capabilities cost competitiveness, necessary to enable the large rollout over water networks. The present thesis takes place in the framework of a European research project, PROTEUS, which addresses these different problems by designing and fabricating a multi-parameter sensor chip (MPSC) for water resources monitoring. The MPSC enables the measurement of 9 physical and chemical parameters, is reconfigurable and self-powered. The present thesis addresses more precisely physical sensors, their design, optimization and co-integration on the MPSC. The developed device exhibits state of the art or larger performances with regard to its redundancy, turn-down ratio and power consumption. The present manuscript is split into two main parts: Part-I and Part-II. Part-I deals with non-thermal aspects of the MPSC, the pressure and conductivity sensor for instance, as well as the fabrication process of the whole device (Chapter 1 and 2). The background of environmental monitoring is presented in Chapter 1 along with the State of Art review. Chapter 2 describes fabrication methods of the MPSC. Preliminary characterization results of non-thermal sensors are also reported in this chapter. Chapter 3 and 4, included in Part-II, deal with thermal sensors (temperature and flow-rate). Chapter 3 describes the many possible uses of electric resistances for sensing applications. Finally, in chapter four, we focus on flowrate sensors before concluding and making a few suggestions for future works
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Anil, Kumar R. "Measurement Of Solar Cell AC Parameters Using Impedance Spectroscopy." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/203.
Full textAbstract:
Photovoltaic (PV) conversion of solar energy appears to be one of the most promising ways of meeting the increasing future energy demand. In space, photovoltaic power source is the only alternative. The demand for higher power has necessitated the use of high speed switching charge controller and power conditioner. To design an efficient and reliable switching charge controller, the static (I-V) and dynamic (AC) characteristics of a solar cell need to be understood.
The AC parameters of a solar cell can be measured either by Frequency Domain technique or by Time Domain technique. In frequency domain technique, a small signal is applied about the operating point and the AC parameters are measured. Hence, in the frequency domain technique the steady state values of AC parameters at a particular operating condition are measured. In time domain technique, a transient measurement is made where the cell voltage varies from short-circuit to open circuit or vice versa. Hence, this technique gives only the time constant of a solar cell.
The impedance spectroscopy is a frequency domain technique widely used in electro chemistry to study battery characteristics. In the present investigation, the impedance spectroscopy is proposed for measuring the AC parameters of solar cells. An experimental set-up has been developed to measure the solar cell AC parameters.
The AC parameters of Silicon (BSR and BSFR) solar cells and GaAs/Ge solar cells are measured using impedance spectroscopy (IS). The cell capacitance, the parallel resistance and the series resistance are measured and compared. GaAs/Ge solar cell has shown only transition Capacitance throughout its operating range while silicon (BSR and BSFR) solar cells exhibited both transition and diffusion capacitances. Theoretical and experimental values of the cell parallel resistance are compared and are in good agreement. While the diode factor in silicon solar cell varies from 2 to 1, where as in GaAs/Ge solar cell it varies from 4 to 2 to 1. Measurements conducted using open circuit voltage buildup (time domain technique) on silicon BSR solar cell shows that the collected data can be used for the restricted purpose of measuring cell transient response. The dime domain technique could not estimate the solar cell.
It may be noted that the impedance spectroscopy assumes piece-wise linearity of the solar cell characteristics, lending itself for easy measurement and modeling. This assumption is valid as the signal amplitude is less than thermal voltage (VT). Since, the parameters are measured under steady state, the values are more stable and accurate.
An attempt has also been made to correlate the measured AC parameters with the requirements of switching charge controllers. These correlations can be used to design the switching controllers for device rating, circuit stability and other aspects.
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MacRitchie, Jennifer. "Elucidating musical structure through empirical measurement of performance parameters." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2357/.
Full textAbstract:
The differences between a musical score and an instance of that music in a performance, communicates a performer’s view of the information contained in that score. The main hypothesis in this thesis is that by measuring quantifiable parameters such as tempo, dynamics and motion from live performance, the performer’s interpretation of musical structure can be detected. This will be tested for pieces for which the structure is explicit and obvious, and then used to discover musical structure from looking at patterns of aural and visual performance parameters in performances of more ambiguously structured pieces. This thesis is in two strands. The first part covers the acquisition of multi-modal parameters in piano performance. This will explore current technologies in acquiring MIDI information such as accurate onset timings and key velocities as well as motion tracking systems for measuring general body movements. A new cheap, portable and accurate system for tracking the intricacies of pianists’ finger movement is described as well as methods and tools available for analysis and visualisation of musical data. The second strand of this thesis will explore uses of these capture systems in empirically measuring performance parameters to elucidate musical structure. Two experiments follow which test the hypothesis of detecting musical structure from parameters such as tempo, dynamics and movement, before using these patterns as a basis for discovering structure in performances of the finale of Chopin’s B flat minor sonata. Body movement is discovered as an indicator of phrasing boundaries, which when combined with the measured aural parameters provides interpretations of the performed music. Phrasing boundaries are identified correctly for the control piece (Chopin’s Prelude in A major Op.28, No.7) and consequently for the first test piece (Chopin’s Prelude in B minor Op.28 No.6). The proceeding experiment identifies performers’ style of phrase endings through performances of the control piece and tests them against patterns found in the second test piece (Chopin’s B Flat minor Sonata Finale). Five out of the six performers confirm the musicological hypothesis that bar 5 is not the entry of a new theme but the continuation of the the theme beginning in bar 1.
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Quigley, James A. "A measurement of the tau Michel parameters at SLC." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45478.
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Agrens, Rudolfs Eriks. "Sensor Network for Real-TimeAir Quality Measurement." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-372050.
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In this research, a sensor network for air quality measurement is developed. There is a need for air quality assessment in rapidly developing urban areas. Prolonged real-time monitoring can provide a direct feedback on how increasing traffic and construction work affect air quality. Measures can then be taken to mitigate pollution, reducing health hazards and maintaining the standard of air quality in all areas of the city. A low-cost sensor node is required to be able to cover a larger area using more sensor nodes. Methods for measuring humidity, temperature, particle concentration, as well as the gasses carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone were investigated and a sensor node designed by choosing suitable sensors. Field-testing of the sensor nodes was performed in the center of Uppsala city in collaboration with Uppsala Kommun and Uppsala Stadsteater. The commercially available Air Quality Egg was used as a reference method for sensor calibration and verification of measurement accuracy. The results show that the readings match the reference method well. Even low gas concentrations can be measured with good accuracy. There is future interest from Uppsala Kommun to expand the sensor network for measurements in other areas than the city center.
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Tan, SiewYeen Agnes. "A Network Measurement Tool for Handheld Devices." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32982.
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This thesis describes a performance measurement tool that allows a user to measure network performance using a handheld device. The measurement tool consists of a client program that runs on a Microsoft Pocket PC device and a server program that runs on a regular Microsoft Windows computer. Both programs are Windows applications implemented in C/C++ using the Microsoft Embedded Visual Tool and Microsoft Visual Studio. The use of a Pocket PC device provides mobility to users, which can save time and energy when performing experiments. The thesis describes the design of the performance measurement application, implementation issues, and tests conducted using the tool.Master of Science
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Wen, Zhihua. "SIMPLIFYING END POINT NETWORK MEASUREMENT ON INTERNET." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1244041965.
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Kaplan, Shaun. "A wireless sensor network for vibration measurement." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11424.
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Wireless sensor networks (sensornets) enable distributed sensing, opening up sensing possibilities not previously available. One application of sensornets is online, non-intrusive power transformer monitoring.
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Lux, Matthew William. "Estimation of gene network parameters from imaging cytometry data." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23082.
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Synthetic biology endeavors to forward engineer genetic circuits with novel function. A major inspiration for the field has been the enormous success in the engineering of digital electronic circuits over the past half century. This dissertation approaches synthetic biology from the perspective of the engineering design cycle, a concept ubiquitous across many engineering disciplines. First, an analysis of the state of the engineering design cycle in synthetic biology is presented, pointing out the most limiting challenges currently facing the field. Second, a principle commonly used in electronics to weigh the tradeoffs between hardware and software implementations of a function, called co-design, is applied to synthetic biology. Designs to implement a specific logical function in three distinct domains are proposed and their pros and cons weighed. Third, automatic transitioning between an abstract design, its physical implementation, and accurate models of the corresponding system are critical for success in synthetic biology. We present a framework for accomplishing this task and demonstrate how it can be used to explore a design space. A major limitation of the aforementioned approach is that adequate parameter values for the performance of genetic components do not yet exist. Thus far, it has not been possible to uniquely attribute the function of a device to the function of the individual components in a way that enables accurate prediction of the function of new devices assembled from the same components. This lack presents a major challenge to rapid progression through the design cycle. We address this challenge by first collecting high time-resolution fluorescence trajectories of individual cells expressing a fluorescent protein, as well as snapshots of the number of corresponding mRNA molecules per cell. We then leverage the information embedded in the cell-cell variability of the population to extract parameter values for a stochastic model of gene expression more complex than typically used. Such analysis opens the door for models of genetic components that can more reliably predict the function of new combinations of these basic components.Ph. D.
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Karayaka, Hayrettin Bora. "Neural network modeling and estimation of synchronous machine parameters /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488195633519029.
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Bohlen, Simon Gerd [Verfasser]. "Measurement of Electron Parameters using Thomson Scattering / Simon Gerd Bohlen." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2020. http://d-nb.info/123669502X/34.
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Sweeney, Dennis. "Measurement and validation of rainstorm parameters with the VPI radar." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94477.
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This paper presents a broad overview of the equipment and rational of the experiment conducted by the VPI Satellite Communications Group under INTELSAT Contract 433. The object of this experiment is to assess the validity of meteorological radar as a predictor of satellite earth-space path fade statistics.
To validate the data collected by the VPI radar for this experiment, the differential reflectivity (ZDR) measured during the November 29-30, 1985 rainstorm is compared with calculated ZDR and ZDR from published plots.
The special hardware and calibration techniques required for this experiment are also described. An IBM-PC controlled antenna pointing system and a system to continuously monitor both the peak and average power of the radar transmitter are included. Also included is a calibration system for the radar receiver. A simple computer program is developed which will give the radar cross section of a metal sphere. This sphere is used as a calibrated radar target.M.S.
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Shehab-Eldin, Elsayed Hassan. "Travelling wave distance measurement in E.H.V. power systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254446.
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Symes, Philip Andrew. "Preliminary measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters by NuMI/MINOS and calibration studies for improving this measurement." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426307.
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Birch, K. P. "The precise determination of refractometric parameters for atmospheric gases." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382966.
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McCloskey, Rosemary Martha. "Phylogenetic estimation of contact network parameters with approximate Bayesian computation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58663.
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Models of the spread of disease in a population often make the simplifying assumption that the population is homogeneously mixed, or is divided into homogeneously mixed compartments. However, human populations have complex structures formed by social contacts, which can have a significant influence on the rate and pattern of epidemic spread. Contact networks capture this structure by explicitly representing each contact that could possibly lead to a transmission. Contact network models parameterize the structure of these networks, but estimating their parameters from contact data requires extensive, often prohibitive, epidemiological investigation. We developed a method based on approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) for estimating structural parameters of the contact network underlying an observed viral phylogeny. The method combines adaptive sequential Monte Carlo for ABC, Gillespie simulation for propagating epidemics though networks, and a previously developed kernel-based tree similarity score. Our method offers the potential to quantitatively investigate contact network structure from phylogenies derived from viral sequence data, complementing traditional epidemiological methods. We applied our method to the Barabási-Albert network model. This model incorporates the preferential attachment mechanism observed in real world social and sexual networks, whereby individuals with more connections attract new contacts at an elevated rate (“the rich get richer”). Using simulated data, we found that the strength of preferential attachment and the number of infected nodes could often be accurately estimated. However, the mean degree of the network and the total number of nodes appeared to be weakly- or non-identifiable with ABC. Finally, the Barabási-Albert model was fit to eleven real world HIV datasets, and substantial heterogeneity in the parameter estimates was observed. Posterior means for the preferential attachment power were all sub-linear, consistent with literature results. We found that the strength of preferential attachment was higher in injection drug user populations, potentially indicating that high-degree “superspreader” nodes may play a role in epidemics among this risk group. Our results underscore the importance of considering contact structures when investigating viral outbreaks.Science, Faculty of
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