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Alanezi, Abdulrahman Mubarak Q. "Automated Residential Energy Audits and Savings Measurements Using A Smart WiFi Thermostat Enabled Data Mining Approach." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1618349179314704.
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Aouachria, Zéroual. "L'Eolienne Savonius : comportements mécanique et aérodynamique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11062.
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Methode experimentale de mesure des pressions parietales d'un rotor, a axe vertical, de type savonius en rotation. Les resultats obtenus ont ete utilises dans un modele de calcul afin de determiner les parametres mecaniques c::(m)et c::(p) de la machine. Determination des coefficients de trainee et de portance ainsi que du comportement vibratoire du rotor sous l'effet des forces aerodynamiques. Correlation du champ des pressions d'aube avec le systeme des emissions tourbillonnaires engendrees par l'eolienne en rotation. Etude de dispositifs de suspension de type "pilotis" destines a isoler, en vibration, un rotor savonius tripale
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Schirtzinger, Mary Beth Bateman. "Maternal depression : measurement and characteristics /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148768178825174.
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Henriksson, David, and Oscar Johansson. "Energy Measurement of Electric Fence." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-80547.
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Syftet med denna rapport är att få en inblick hur elstängselaggregat fungerar och hur energimängden, från en stöt, noterar. Det har då tagits fram en förstudie om vilka elstängselaggregat och vilka mätinstrument som ska användas. Mätningar har gjorts både i laborationsmiljö och ute i jordbruksmiljö. En enklare funktion och uppbyggnad har undersökts och kontrollerats för att visa strömmar och spänningar från varje elstängselaggregat. Energimängden kan sedan räknas ut. Dessutom tar rapporten upp problem i jordbruksmiljö och i instrumenten.
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Gibbons, Jasper, and David Moss. "LIDAR OUTGOING LASER ENERGY MEASUREMENT SYSTEM." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605772.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 18-21, 2004 / Town & Country Resort, San Diego, CaliforniaA flexible system has been designed to accurately measure and average the outgoing laser energy of a micro-pulse LIDAR unit (MPL). This system incorporates specifically designed analog measurement circuitry interfaced with a microcontroller, allowing researchers to manage experiments from a personal computer. The final system produces a linearly proportional response between an incident laser energy input and the analog and digital circuitry’s output, accurate to within 0.1%. Custom designed algorithms allow the system to average the energy measured in a series of pulses. Each series can range on the order of tens of thousands of pulses.
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Read, Craig. "Complexity characteristics and measurement within engineering systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8140.
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Complexity is a significant factor in the development of new products and systems; generally speaking, the higher the complexity, the more difficult products and systems are going to be to design and develop. There are a number of different factors that influence complexity within systems, namely: interoperability; upgradability; adaptability; evolving requirements; system size; automation requirements; performance requirements; support requirements; sustainability; reliability; the need for increased product lifespan; and finally, the length of time systems take to develop. There is, at present, no common language to describe complexity within engineered systems; this language needs to be developed in order to help industry cope with increasing product complexity and thus meet customer demands. This thesis represents a start in the development of that language, and thus an understanding of systems complexity. The thesis offers a framework for complexity analysis within systems, one which identifies some of the key complexity characteristics that need to be taken into consideration, and which embraces complexity problems, definitions, concepts and classifications, origins and coping mechanisms. It has also has been developed in terms of a measurement approach, thereby allowing for a meaningful comparison between products, and an understanding of the complexities within them. This framework was developed using information collected from academic literature and from more specific case studies. Each complexity characteristic was investigated, and the interactions between characteristics were identified; these interactions allow us to understand complexity and help to develop a common language. The thesis develops a measurement technique that quantifies various complexity characteristics in terms of the framework laid down, thus enabling a quantified understanding of complexity within systems. This new measurement approach was tested on a set of recent case studies, and the complexity characteristics produced by the measurement technique were, in turn, tested against attributes of the system. The framework itself is always evolving - it incorporates new complexity characteristics. Nevertheless, such evolution can only further our understanding of complexity. Further work, to explore and integrate the approach demonstrated in this thesis into an automated tool, and test its robustness, along with a continual development of other elements of the framework, such as a classification of complexity, is recommended.
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Cliffordson, Christina. "Assessing empathy : measurement characteristics and interviewer effects /." Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009363239&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Domínguez, Álvarez Noemí. "Device and strategy for surface energy measurement." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/463330.
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In this Ph.D. Thesis, we have developed a new measurement method to measure the contact angle and the surface energy in hydrophobic samples with a device based on confocal technology. This new measurement method incorporates the correction of the effect of the roughness of the surface in the contact angle measurement.
The developed measurement method includes the measurement with the confocal device of the Developed Interfacial Area Ratio (Sdr) of the surface under study as well as several parameters of a liquid drop placed on the surface, such as the height and the apparent diameter of the drop. On the other hand, the developed measurement method also includes three mathematical models to calculate the contact angle from a combination of the height (h) and the apparent diameter (L) of the drop measured by the confocal device, and the volume of the dispensed drop (V) indicated by the liquid dispenser. We have verified the validity of each mathematical model by evaluating the introduced error in the calculation of the contact angle.
A validation study has also been performed by comparing the calculated contact angles by means of the developed mathematical model that uses exclusively the height and the apparent width of the drop measured with the confocal device with the contact angles measured by a current commercial contact angle meter applying the height-width fitting method. This allowed us to verify the developed measurement method to calculate contact angles on different hydrophobic samples.
Furthermore, we have corrected the effect of the surface roughness of a subset of hydrophobic samples on the calculated contact angles according to Wenzel’s model. Our method uses the Sdr parameter measured with the confocal device to calculate the roughness ratio factor required to correct the calculated contact angle with the effect of the roughness.
Finally, by doing the measurement with water and diiodomethane, we have evaluated the total surface energy as well as its dispersive and polar components according to OWRK’s method from the previously corrected contact angles, obtaining accurate surface energy values.
Therefore, we can conclude that the work reported in this Ph.D. Thesis has been able to demonstrate the validity of the developed measurement methodology for evaluating the contact angle and the surface energy on hydrophobic samples with a confocal device. The advantage of this new technique is that it allows to take into account and correct the effect of the roughness in the evaluation of the surface energy, using a single device.En esta Tesis doctoral hemos desarrollado un nuevo método de medida para medir el ángulo de contacto y la energía superficial en muestras hidrofóbicas con un equipo basado en tecnología confocal. Este nuevo método de medida incorpora la corrección del efecto de la rugosidad de la superficie en la medida del ángulo de contacto. El método de medida desarrollado incluye la medida con el equipo confocal de un parámetro que mide el área real que se está midiendo, por lo que incluye la rugosidad y es conocido como Sdr por sus siglas en inglés, y además diversos parámetros de una gota que es depositada sobre la superficie a medir, tal como son la altura y el diámetro aparente de la gota. Por otro lado, el método de medida desarrollado también incluye tres modelos matemáticos que permiten calcular el ángulo de contacto a partir de la combinación de la altura (h) y el diámetro aparente (L) de la gota medidos con el equipo confocal, y también el volumen de la gota dispensada (V) indicado por el dispensador de líquidos. Hemos verificado la validez de cada uno de los modelos matemáticos mediante la evaluación del error introducido por esto parámetros en el cálculo del ángulo de contacto. También hemos realizado un estudio de validación comparando los ángulos de contacto calculados mediante el modelo matemático que únicamente utiliza h y L medidos con el equipo confocal, con los ángulos de contacto medidos por un medidor de ángulos de contacto comercial que se puede encontrar actualmente en el mercado, aplicando el método de ajuste conocido como altura-anchura (height-width). Esto nos permitió verificar el método de medida desarrollado para calcular ángulos de contacto en diferentes muestras hidrofóbicas. Además, hemos corregido el efecto de la rugosidad de la superficie según el modelo de Wenzel en los ángulos de contacto calculados para un subconjunto de muestras hidrofóbicas. Nuestro método utiliza el parámetro Sdr medido con el equipo confocal para calcular el factor de rugosidad requerido para corregir el efecto de la rugosidad de la superficie en el ángulo de contacto calculado. Finalmente, midiendo con agua y diyodometano, hemos podido evaluar la energía superficial total, así como también sus componentes dispersiva y polar de acuerdo con el método de OWRK a partir de los ángulos de contacto corregidos anteriormente, obteniendo como resultado valores de la energía superficial muy preciosos. Por lo tanto, podemos concluir que con el trabajo presentado en esta Tesis doctoral hemos sido capaces de demostrar la validez del método de medida desarrollado para evaluar el ángulo de contacto y la energía superficial en muestras hidrofóbicas con un equipo confocal. La ventaja de esta nueva técnica es que permite tener en cuenta y corregir el efecto de la rugosidad de una superficie en la evaluación de su energía superficial utilizando un único equipo de medida
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Marasli, Necmettin. "The measurement of solid-liquid surface energy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260154.
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Westergren, Erik. "Heat Flux Measurement using Infrared Thermography : The development and validation of a novel measurement method." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-143420.
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Epstein, Dana Robin. "Measurement of subjective sleep characteristics of adult insomniacs." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276720.
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This study had two purposes: (1) to examine the reliability and validity of the Verran and Snyder-Halpern (VSH) Sleep Scale in measuring the subjective sleep characteristics of nonhospitalized adult insomniacs, and (2) to explore the 16 characteristics of sleep quality examined by the scale as they relate to insomnia. In addition, a comparison of previously established norms in a healthy group of sleepers was made with the insomniac sample. The study utilized a descriptive design. The sample consisted of 33 adult insomniacs. Each participant completed the scale on three consecutive routine or workday mornings. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to evaluate the data. The VSH Sleep Scale evidenced adequate reliability and construct validity. Significant differences existed between the insomniacs and the healthy group on all but one sleep characteristic. The factors specified in the VSH Sleep Scale taxonomy remained essentially the same in the insomniac sample.
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Boyes, Stephen J. "Reverberation chambers and the measurement of antenna characteristics." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/11481/.
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Over the past ten years, Reverberation Chambers (RC) have emerged as a promising facility for the measurement of antenna characteristics for the wireless communications industry. The RC has begun to diverge from its initial purpose of performing Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) measurements, as conceived by H. A. Mendes back in 1968. Unlike the Anechoic Chamber (AC) however, the RC facility and measurement protocols are relatively in their infancy whose standardisation is yet to be finalised. The purpose of this thesis is to present a further study into reverberation chambers and their associated measurement procedures, aimed at smoothing the transition into a fully standardised and accepted facility within the measurement industry. This thesis is comprised of three main investigation areas. The first area under investigation concerns single port textile antennas designed for use in the on-body communications role. The purpose of this investigation is twofold: (1) to chart the efficiency and impedance matching performance of the antennas in both free space and on-body roles to completely characterise their performance, and (2) to devise and configure operational procedures for the measurement of antenna characteristics on human subjects using the RC. Two separate varieties of textile antenna are subject to investigation; the first consists of two antennas with an equally small ground plane designed for use in the Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) 2.45 GHz band. The second variety also consists of two separate antennas that have a larger ground plane size and are designed to offer a dual band characteristic; to operate at 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz respectively. The results for the smaller ground plane sized antennas show that in free space conditions, the textile antenna constructed from the higher conductivity textile material exhibits a greater level of efficiency which is expected. However, when placed on-body, the antenna with the lower conductivity textile material remarkably outperforms the antenna with the higher conductivity material which is contrary to expectations; this represents new and important knowledge. The results for the larger ground plane sized textile antennas conform completely to expectations. That is, the higher conductivity material outperformed the lower conductivity material in both free space and on-body roles. Comparing both cases, further new knowledge can be concluded in the fact that in addition to the conductivity of the textile material, the ground plane dimensions is also of crucial importance. The second area under investigation concerns multiport (array) antennas. This area is sub-divided into two sections to chart a distinction between multiport antennas designed for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) applications and more conventional array antennas that are not. The first section concerns the complete practical verification of two new dual feed Planar Inverted F Antennas (PIFAs). Results show that both antennas yield a high level of diversity gain and channel capacity (close to the theoretical maximums) and very low correlation between the two feeds despite the antennas small size. Furthermore, the antennas are also proved to be highly efficient at the desired frequency of operation. Comparing all performance results, it is possible to conclude that due to the small size and excellent performance of the new designs, they could be useful in more practical and commercial applications than larger sized elements that currently exist. The second section focuses upon more conventional larger sized array antennas used for radio astronomy applications. In this thesis, a series of power dividers is used to emulate a realistic ‘all - excited’ scenario, but the power divider approach has a consequence in that it will give rise to an external power loss that is not attributed to the antenna array. A new equation is developed in this work that allows for the accurate efficiency determination of the array and the de-embedding of the power divider in one. It is shown that the new equation can make this whole process simpler and straightforward to accomplish whilst maintaining accuracy. The final area under investigation concerns the design of reverberation chambers. The most common of the mode stirring techniques used in reverberation chambers is via the rotation or movement of electrically large metallic paddles inside the chamber known as ‘Mechanical Stirring’. In this thesis, a technique based upon a meanderline principle is used to cut slots into the mechanical stirring paddles to increase the current path length (induced when a wave hits the metallic surface) and thereby increase the electrical size of the paddle. New paddle designs for reverberation chambers are designed and verified. It is shown that the overall paddle dimensions do not need to be increased in size, meaning that the working volume of the chamber can remain as large as possible. The results show that the new designs exhibit enhanced performance over and above conventional paddle designs at lower modal numbers, meaning that any chamber will be able to better perform at frequencies where fewer modes exist. Results also show that at higher frequencies, the slot cuts do not adversely affect the chambers higher frequency performance. This work therefore has the potential to forge a new way of thinking when it comes to the design of mechanical stirrers in RC’s.
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Hartnell, Jeffrey John. "Measurement of the calorimetric energy scale in MINOS." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9287fd83-e5f8-4341-9158-89ae7a83c269.
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MINOS is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. A neutrino beam is created at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Illinois and fired down through the Earth. Measurements of the energy spectra and composition of the neutrino beam are made both at the source using the Near detector and 735 km away at the Soudan Underground Laboratory in Minnesota using the Far detector. By comparing the spectrum and flavour composition of the neutrino beam between the two detectors neutrino oscillations can be observed. Such a comparison depends on the accuracy of the relative calorimetric energy scale. This thesis details a precise measurement of the calorimetric energy scale of the MINOS Far detector and Calibration detector using stopping muons with a new "track window" technique. These measurements are used to perform the relative calibration between the two detectors. This calibration has been accomplished to 1.7% in data and to significantly better than 2% in the Monte Carlo simulation, thus achieving the MINOS relative calibration target of 2%. A number of cross-checks have been performed to ensure the robustness of the calorimetric energy scale measurements. At the Calibration detector the test-beam energy between run periods is found to be consistent with the detector response to better than 2% after the relative calibration is applied. The muon energy loss in the MINOS detectors determined from Bethe-Bloch predictions, data and Monte Carlo are compared and understood. To estimate the systematic error on the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters caused by a relative miscalibration a study is performed. A 2% relative miscalibration is shown to cause a 0.6% bias in the values of Δm2 and sin2(2θ).
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Ahmad, Naveed. "Measurement of energy performance : Analysis of QUB method." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI051.
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QUB est une méthode d'essai de caractérisation thermique in situ dynamique qui a le potentiel d'être menée sur une courte durée d'une à deux nuits. La robustesse de la méthode QUB avec l'incertitude du niveau de puissance (pendant la phase de chauffage QUB), l'incertitude du coefficient de transfert de chaleur global à l'état d'équilibre, H_ref, et les températures extérieures en fonction des saisons doivent être établies pour les bâtiments réels. Un modèle dynamique d'état-espace est développé dans cette thèse pour simuler des expériences QUB. La modélisation espace-état consiste à générer un circuit thermique pour chaque composant du bâtiment (murs, fenestration, système de ventilation, etc.). Les circuits thermiques sont ensuite assemblés pour générer un seul circuit pour l'ensemble du bâtiment. Le modèle d'espace d'état développé, est validé à l'aide des caractéristiques thermiques et des données mesurées d'une maison à grande échelle (la maison jumelle) fournies par l'annexe 58 de l'IEA EBC. Les simulations numériques des expériences QUB sur une maison montrent que la méthode ne présente que de légères variations avec une incertitude de puissance; par exemple, une erreur de 30% de la puissance optimale peut provoquer une erreur à moins de 3% de la valeur de référence. Une analyse d'erreur a posteriori est effectuée en simulant des expériences QUB dans des situations où l'enveloppe réelle a des caractéristiques différentes de celles supposées dans la conception de l'expérience pour la méthode QUB. Ces résultats sont ensuite comparés à des erreurs a priori, une situation dans laquelle des expériences QUB sont effectuées avec la connaissance de l'enveloppe réelle. L'analyse des erreurs montre qu'avec une erreur de 50% du coefficient de transfert de chaleur global (c'est-à-dire une situation d'isolation de paroi manquante), la méthode QUB entraîne une erreur accrue de seulement 3¬¬%. La précision de la méthode QUB a également été testée avec la variation du rayonnement solaire. Les résultats QUB les jours nuageux montrent une variation moindre par rapport aux jours ensoleillés. Il a été démontré que le transfert de chaleur des radiations solaires retardées pénétrant à travers les murs du bâtiment a un effet sur l'évolution de la température au cours de l'expérience QUB. Cela peut entraîner une augmentation de l'erreur dans la méthode QUB. Les expériences QUB sont simulées pendant l'été et l'hiver pour déterminer l'impact des saisons sur la précision de la méthode. La saison d'hiver montre des résultats plus robustes que les mois d'été. Les mois d'été montrent une plus grande variation des résultats. Il est vérifié que la grande variation est due à une petite différence de température entre les conditions intérieures et extérieures pendant certaines des nuits d'été. Les expériences en saison estivale peuvent être améliorées en augmentant la température de consigne avant l'expérience QUBQUB is a dynamic in-situ thermal characterization test method that has the potential to be conducted in a short duration of one to two nights. The robustness of QUB method with uncertainty in power level (during QUB heating phase), uncertainty in overall heat transfer coefficient at steady state, H_ref, and the outdoor temperatures a function of seasons needs to be established for real buildings.A dynamic state-space model is developed in this thesis to simulate QUB experiments. The state-space modelling involves generating a thermal circuit for each component of the building (walls, fenestration, ventilation system, etc.). The thermal circuits are then assembled to generate a single circuit for the entire building. The state-space model developed, is validated using thermal characteristics and measured data of a full-scale house (the twin house) provided by IEA EBC Annex 58. The numerical simulations of the QUB experiments on a house show that the method has only slight variation with uncertainty in power; for example, 30% error in optimum power can cause an error within 3 % of the reference value. A posteriori error analysis is performed by simulating QUB experiments in situations in which the real envelope has different characteristics than those assumed in the design of the experiment for QUB method. These results are then compared with a priori errors, a situation in which QUB experiments are performed with the knowledge of the real envelope. The error analysis shows that with 50 % error in the overall heat transfer coefficient (i.e. missing wall insulation situation), the QUB method results in an increased error of only 3¬¬ %. The precision of QUB method was tested also with the variation of solar radiation. QUB results on cloudy days show lesser variation as compared to sunny days. It was shown that the heat transfer from the delayed solar radiations entering through the walls of the building has an effect on the temperature evolution during the QUB experiment. This can lead to an increased error in QUB method. The QUB experiments are simulated during summer and winter to determine the impact of seasons on the accuracy of the method. The winter season shows more robust results as compared to summer months. The summer months show larger variation of results. It is verified that the large variation are due to small temperature difference between indoor and outdoor conditions during some of the summer nights. The experiments in summer season can be improved by increasing the set point temperature before the QUB experiment
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Schimann, Hubert C. R. "Force and Energy Measurement of Bubble-Particle Detachment." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9963.
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Possibilities for increasing the upper limit of floatable particle sizs in the froth flotation process have been examined since the early beginnings of mineral flotation. The economic implications of such an incresae are far ranging; from decreased grinding costs and increased recoveries to simplified flow-sheet design and increased throughput, all leading to increased revenue. Bubble-particle detachment has been studied to better understand the factors influencing the strength of attachment and the energies involved. Direct measurements of bubble particle detachment were performed using a hanging balance apparatus (KSV Sigma 70 tensiometer) and using a submerged hydrophobic plate in water. Three experiments were used; direct force measurement of bubble-particle detachment, detachment force and energy of a bubble from a submerged hydrophobic plate, and detachment force and energy of a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide coated silica sphere from a flat bubble. Octadecyltrichlorosilane was used as a hydrophobic coating in the first two experimental methods. These experiments were recorded with a CCD camera to identify the detachment processes involved. Energies for both methods were calculated and divided into the two main steps of the detachment process: Three-Phase-Contact pinning and three phase contact line sliding. The first step represents the energy barrier which must be overcome before detachment can begin. It is directly related to contact angle hysteresis. Detachment occurs during the second step, where the solid-vapor interface is replaced by solid-liquid and liquid-vapor. This step corresponds to the work of adhesion. The effects of surface tension, contact angle and hysteresis were well demonstrated with the three experimental methods. Good correlation was found between theoretical work of adhesion and measured energies.Master of Science
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Mengesha, Wondwosen. "NaI(T1) electron energy resolution." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15963.
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Moats, Anne Rosalie Myers. "LEAP: A balloon-borne search for low energy cosmic ray antiprotons." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184723.
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The LEAP (Low-Energy Antiproton) experiment is a search for cosmic-ray antiprotons in the 120 MeV to 1.2 GeV kinetic energy range. The motivation for this project was the result announced by Buffington et al. (1981) that indicated an anomalously high antiproton flux below 300 MeV; this result has compelled theorists to propose sources of primary antiprotons above the small secondary antiproton flux produced by high energy cosmic-ray collisions with nuclei in the interstellar medium. LEAP consisted of the NMSU magnet spectrometer, a time-of-flight system designed at Goddard Space Flight Center, two scintillation detectors, and a Cherenkov counter designed and built at the University of Arizona. Analysis of flight data performed by the high-energy astrophysics group at Goddard Space Flight Center revealed no antiproton candidates found in the 120 MeV to 360 MeV range; 3 possible antiproton candidate events were found in the 500 MeV to 1.2 GeV range in an analysis done here at the University of Arizona. However, since it will be necessary to sharpen the calibration on all of the LEAP systems in order to positively identify these events as antiprotons, only an upper limit has been determined at present. Thus, combining the analyses performed at the University of Arizona and Goddard Space Flight Center, 90% confidence upper limits of 3.5 x 10⁻⁵ in the 120 MeV to 360 MeV range and 2.3 x 10⁻⁴ in the 500 MeV to 1.2 GeV range for the antiproton/proton ratio is indicated by the LEAP results. LEAP disagrees sharply with the results of the Buffington group, indicating a low antiproton flux at these energies. Thus, a purely secondary antiproton flux may be adequate at low energies.
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Kubota, Madoka. "Energy Harvesting Characteristics of Nonlinear Oscillators under Excitation." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199315.
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Thomasson, Anton. "Measuring energy consumption characteristics in mobile data communication." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71954.
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This report looks at the modern cellular wireless network environment and the factors of energy consumption therein. The consumption of connectivity re- lated hardware is gradually becoming a larger part of the power consumption of virtually any mobile device. This report studies measurements of a mobile broadband module energy usage due to data transfer. It is found that switch- ing between technologies is still beneficial and savings are very feasible when using technologies with different traits if done correctly. Further the possibility of energy savings within a single high-bandwidth technology (3G) are assessed considering variations on response time and throughput. This is relevant as the need to handle highly dynamic loads becomes more and more important in the modern connectivity landscape. By gauging the savings available from schedul- ing link accesses and switching technology this is put in context by sampling a few common services namely Skype, Spotify and normal web browsing for their energy footprints. We will also look briefly at the background traffic generated by two common operating systems, Windows 7 and Ubuntu GNU/Linux.
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Kirby, Brian. "Measurement of an off-axis neutrino beam energy spectrum." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43208.
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The T2K long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment is designed to measure the neutrino flavour mixing parameter θ₁₃, as well as θ₂₃ and Δm²₂₃ with twenty times greater precision than previous measurements. A neutrino beam is produced using the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) proton accelerator in Tokai, Japan and is incident on the Super-Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector 295 km away beam at an off-axis angle of 2.5°. A suite of near detectors 280 m away from the proton target (ND280) provides additional constraints on beam flux estimates as well as measures neutrino interaction cross sections. A critical component of ND280 is a Fine Grained Detector (FGD) that provides an active target for neutrino interactions, with sufficient granularity to reconstruct short ranged particle tracks. This thesis describes the T2K experiment, the design and calibration of the FGD, and its online data reduction system. A cut-based selection for charged current neutrino interactions is used to produce quasi-elastic and non-quasi-elastic enhanced samples. These samples are used in a maximum likelihood fit to measure the T2K neutrino beam energy spectrum. The fit determines the flux scale factors that best reproduce the kinematic distribution of muons produced in selected interactions, and accounts for all relevant neutrino interaction model and detector systematic uncertainties. The fitted flux factors f(Eν) in the energy ranges defined for the analysis are as follows:
f(0 < Eν < 0.5GeV ) = 1.10⁺⁰·²⁸₋₀.₂₄,
f(0.5 < Eν < 1.0GeV ) = 0.93⁺⁰·¹⁷₋₀.₁₄,
f(1.0 < Eν < 3.5GeV ) = 0.85⁺⁰·¹⁷₋₀.₁₄,
f(Eν > 3.5GeV ) = 0.92⁺⁰·²⁸₋₀.₂₃.
These flux factors are consistent with the default neutrino beam flux prediction and the flux measurement used in the primary oscillation analysis of the T2K collaboration, and provide an independent confirmation that the neutrino beam flux model is reliable.
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Murthy, Kavita. "Energy measurement capabilities of the LEDA cosmic ray detector." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64058.
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Bartsch, Detlef. "Energy loss measurement with the ZEUS Central Tracking Detector." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985183535.
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Sayeed, Kazi Abu. "Measurement of the Branching Fractions for B0s Resonance Energy." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1218577440.
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Thesis (Ph. D. )--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: Alan Schwartz (Committee Chair), Alexander Kagan (Committee Member), Brian Meadows (Committee Member), Michael Sitko (Committee Member), Michael Sokoloff (Committee Member) Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2008). Includes abstract. Keywords: Particle Physics Includes bibliographical references.
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Brobeck, Elina Stone Edward McKeown R. D. "Measurement of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with CHICOS /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2009. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-10192008-143041.
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Anilkumar, Ravi. "Energy-Efficient Measurement of Coverage in Distributed Sensor Networks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9787.
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Large-scale sensor networks have become a reality due to recent developments in sensor node hardware and algorithms. Sensor networks can provide real-time information based on detection and tracking. This information cannot be reliable if little is known about the sensor coverage of the network, which can be defined as the total sensing range of the network due to contributions from each sensor node. Knowledge about coverage can also be useful in determining if there is any gap in coverage in the region of interest as well as improving the algorithm that determines the placement of nodes. Although coverage estimation is this thesis's central concern, other factors such as energy-efficiency and network lifespan that affect the network performance are investigated. Energy-efficiency and network lifespan depend on the communication model used for obtaining coverage information from each sensor node. This thesis proposes the use of B-splines for describing coverage efficiently. The properties of B-splines also enable communication models such as directed diffusion and hierarchical clustering to provide better performance as compared to a centralized scheme. Results obtained from simulation experiments indicate that hierarchical clustering and directed diffusion can be used effectively for coverage measurement. The hierarchical clustering model, however, exhibited some drawbacks such as a dependency on the routing scheme and poor node-failure recovery.Master of Science
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Natho-Jina, Sultana. "Measurements and analyses of runoff characteristics on subsurface drained farmlands." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65357.
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Weingarten, Leopold. "Physical Hybrid Model : Measurement - Experiment - Simulation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176412.
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A method has been developed, Physical Hybrid Model, to investigate the physical large scale electrical effects of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) on a distribution grid by scaling the response from a small size Research Development and Demonstration (RD&D) platform. In order to realize the model the control system of an existing RD&D platform was refurbished and stability of components ensured. The Physical Hybrid Model proceeds as follows: Data from a distribution grid are collected. A BESS cycle curve is produced based on analyzed measurements. Required BESS power and capacity in investigated grid is scaled down by factor k to that of the physical test installation of the RD&D platform. The scaled BESS cycle is sent as input to control of the battery cycling of the RD&D platform. The response from the RD&D platform is scaled – up, and used in simulation of the distribution grid to find the impact of a BESS. The model was successfully implemented on a regional distribution grid in southern Sweden.
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Porteous, Colin D. A. "Performance characteristics of solar buffer zones for Scottish housing." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240212.
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Ekwevugbe, Tobore. "Advanced occupancy measurement using sensor fusion." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10103.
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With roughly about half of the energy used in buildings attributed to Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning (HVAC) systems, there is clearly great potential for energy saving through improved building operations. Accurate knowledge of localised and real-time occupancy numbers can have compelling control applications for HVAC systems. However, existing technologies applied for building occupancy measurements are limited, such that a precise and reliable occupant count is difficult to obtain. For example, passive infrared (PIR) sensors commonly used for occupancy sensing in lighting control applications cannot differentiate between occupants grouped together, video sensing is often limited by privacy concerns, atmospheric gas sensors (such as CO2 sensors) may be affected by the presence of electromagnetic (EMI) interference, and may not show clear links between occupancy and sensor values. Past studies have indicated the need for a heterogeneous multi-sensory fusion approach for occupancy detection to address the short-comings of existing occupancy detection systems. The aim of this research is to develop an advanced instrumentation strategy to monitor occupancy levels in non-domestic buildings, whilst facilitating the lowering of energy use and also maintaining an acceptable indoor climate. Accordingly, a novel multi-sensor based approach for occupancy detection in open-plan office spaces is proposed. The approach combined information from various low-cost and non-intrusive indoor environmental sensors, with the aim to merge advantages of various sensors, whilst minimising their weaknesses. The proposed approach offered the potential for explicit information indicating occupancy levels to be captured. The proposed occupancy monitoring strategy has two main components; hardware system implementation and data processing. The hardware system implementation included a custom made sound sensor and refinement of CO2 sensors for EMI mitigation. Two test beds were designed and implemented for supporting the research studies, including proof-of-concept, and experimental studies. Data processing was carried out in several stages with the ultimate goal being to detect occupancy levels. Firstly, interested features were extracted from all sensory data collected, and then a symmetrical uncertainty analysis was applied to determine the predictive strength of individual sensor features. Thirdly, a candidate features subset was determined using a genetic based search. Finally, a back-propagation neural network model was adopted to fuse candidate multi-sensory features for estimation of occupancy levels. Several test cases were implemented to demonstrate and evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed occupancy detection approach. Results have shown the potential of the proposed heterogeneous multi-sensor fusion based approach as an advanced strategy for the development of reliable occupancy detection systems in open-plan office buildings, which can be capable of facilitating improved control of building services. In summary, the proposed approach has the potential to: (1) Detect occupancy levels with an accuracy reaching 84.59% during occupied instances (2) capable of maintaining average occupancy detection accuracy of 61.01%, in the event of sensor failure or drop-off (such as CO2 sensors drop-off), (3) capable of utilising just sound and motion sensors for occupancy levels monitoring in a naturally ventilated space, (4) capable of facilitating potential daily energy savings reaching 53%, if implemented for occupancy-driven ventilation control.
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Zhao, Lei. "Bench scale apparatus measurement uncertainty and uncertainty effects on measurement of fire characteristics of material systems." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050105-182456/.
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Haarpaintner, Guido. "Electrical characteristics of quantum well solar cells." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7609.
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Hayakawa, N., M. Nagino, H. Kojima, M. Goto, T. Takahashi, K. Yasuda, and H. Okubo. "Dielectric characteristics of HTS cables based on partial discharge measurement." IEEE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6772.
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Chen, Hong. "Modeling and measurement of frost characteristics on heat exchanger surfaces." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0033/NQ63853.pdf.
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DONGMO, GUEFACK ERIC. "Hedge Fund Industry: Performance Measurement, Statistical Properties and Fund Characteristics." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/981.
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In questa tesi, l’analisi verte su risk-adjusted performance, proprietà statistiche e caratteristiche dei fondi hedge (FH). Nel primo articolo, i risultati relativi al survivorship bias e backfill bias indicano che l’impatto delle distorsioni è diverso a seconda delle strategie. Utilizzando il modello multifattoriale di Fung and Hsieh (2004), l’analisi della performance indica che il 42% dei FH ha ottenuto un rendimento superiore al mercato. Infine, utilizzando dei metodi parametrici e non parametrici, l’analisi della persistenza indica differenti livelli di persistenza a seconda della strategia. Nel secondo articolo, vengono analizzati i fondi di fondi hedge (FOHFs). I risultati sono particolarmente interessanti. In primo luogo, i FOHFs e le sotto strategie hanno generato un excess return positivo; inoltre l’alfa ottenuto attraverso il modello a 7 fattori di Fung and Hsieh (2004) risulta elevato. In secondo luogo, i FOHFs e le sotto strategie hanno un rendimento inferiore a quello dell’indice dei FH. In terzo luogo, le correlazioni tra gli indici dei FOHFs e l’indice azionario sono inferiori rispetto alle correlazioni tra l’indice dei FH e gli indici azionari. Infine, l’indice dei FH e quelli dei FOHFs sono positivamente correlati con l’indice azionario quando il mercato tende al ribasso, ma risultano non correlati con l’indice azionario quando il mercato tende al rialzo. Rispetto all’indice dei FH, gli indici dei FOHFs hanno una correlazione minore con gli indici azionari in entrambe le fasi del mercato, suggerendo che i FOHFs forniscono benefici maggiori in termini di diversificazione rispetto ai fondi hedge puri.In this thesis, I examine the risk-adjusted performance, statistical properties and fund characteristics of hedge fund investments. In Essay One, results of survivorship bias and backfill bias by investment styles indicate that biases are different across styles. Using a multi-factor model of Fung and Hsieh (2004), the analysis of performance indicates that 42% of the hedge funds significantly outperformed the market. Finally, using parametric and non-parametric methods, the analysis of persistence indicates different degree of persistence depending on the hedge fund strategy. In Essay Two, I analyse fund of hedge funds (FOHFs). I find several interesting results. First, FOHFs and the sub-strategies earn positive excess returns and a high Fung and Hsieh 7-factor alpha. Second, FOHFs and the sub-strategies underperform the hedge fund index (HFI). Third, the correlations between FOHF indices and equity index are lower than correlations between HFI and equity indices. Finally, hedge funds and FOHFs are positively correlated with the equity index in the bear markets but uncorrelated with the equity index in the bull markets. Compared to HFI, FOHF indices have lower correlation with equity index in both bull and bear markets, indicating that FOHFs provide better diversification benefits than individual hedge funds.
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Tao, Zhengsu. "Characteristics of the transparent fluid assisted in-process measurement method /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202003%20TAO.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-114). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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De, Silva A. A. "Measurement of some radiative properties of solar absorber materials." Thesis, Open University, 1986. http://oro.open.ac.uk/56922/.
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This work describes, (i) the designing and building of two sets of apparatus, namely a Liquid Nitrogen Cooled Ditectional Emissometer and a Laser-source Spectral Bidirectional Reflectometer (ii) measurements using the above apparatus on Solar selective absorber (Maxorb, Cusorb, Skysorb, Solarcoat- 100), non-selective absorber (Nextel, Solarcoat-50) and metal (Al, Cu and brass) samples. The emissometer incorporates liquid nitrogen cooling of the sample chamber thus reducing the error due to emission from the surroundings and extending the working range of sample temperature down to about 273 K. This instrument also uses a beam chopper with a phase sensitive detection system, and a Golay-cell detector. The overall error in the emittance values measured is estimated to be ± 5%. Using the emissometer all the samples in (ii) above were studied. The directional emittance behaviour of the metals and the non-selective absorbers agree well with theoretical predictions and with measurements made by other workers. In the case of the solar selective absorbers however, a peak in the directional emittance at 20°-30° reported by Hutchins (1979) is not seen in any of the present measurements. It is suggested that the ∈/∈'(0°) vs. ∈'(0°) plot can be used in comparing the emittance properties of solar selective absorbers with their substrate metals. The bidirectional reflectometer incorporates a novel device for mounting, positioning and orienting both the sample and the detector (Sample and Detector Assembly - SDA). The relatively small dimensions of this device compared with that of other bidirertional reflectometers reported makes it convenient to use and also allows it to be housed within a light-tight enclosure that minimizes problems with stray light. Extensive measurements have been made using laser sources at λ - 633 nm and λ - 1152 nm on the same set of samples of solar absorbers (selective and non-selective) studied with the emissometer. Comparison of the bidirectional reflectance characteristics of the solar selective absorbers shows marked differences between the materials. However certain features common to 'specularly' reflecting materials and others common to 'diffusely' reflecting materials have been identified. Materials like Cusorb and Solarcoat-lOO show a combination of these. Some of these features are discussed in terms of the surface microstructure data obtained using a scanning electron microscope and a conventional stylus type instrument.
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Simley, Eric J. "Wind Speed Preview Measurement and Estimation for Feedforward Control of Wind Turbines." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3721887.
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Wind turbines typically rely on feedback controllers to maximize power capture in below-rated conditions and regulate rotor speed during above-rated operation. However, measurements of the approaching wind provided by Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) can be used as part of a preview-based, or feedforward, control system in order to improve rotor speed regulation and reduce structural loads. But the effectiveness of preview-based control depends on how accurately lidar can measure the wind that will interact with the turbine.
In this thesis, lidar measurement error is determined using a statistical frequency-domain wind field model including wind evolution, or the change in turbulent wind speeds between the time they are measured and when they reach the turbine. Parameters of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5-MW reference turbine model are used to determine measurement error for a hub-mounted circularly-scanning lidar scenario, based on commercially-available technology, designed to estimate rotor effective uniform and shear wind speed components. By combining the wind field model, lidar model, and turbine parameters, the optimal lidar scan radius and preview distance that yield the minimum mean square measurement error, as well as the resulting minimum achievable error, are found for a variety of wind conditions. With optimized scan scenarios, it is found that relatively low measurement error can be achieved, but the attainable measurement error largely depends on the wind conditions. In addition, the impact of the induction zone, the region upstream of the turbine where the approaching wind speeds are reduced, as well as turbine yaw error on measurement quality is analyzed.
In order to minimize the mean square measurement error, an optimal measurement prefilter is employed, which depends on statistics of the correlation between the preview measurements and the wind that interacts with the turbine. However, because the wind speeds encountered by the turbine are unknown, a Kalman filter-based wind speed estimator is developed that relies on turbine sensor outputs. Using simulated lidar measurements in conjunction with wind speed estimator outputs based on aeroelastic simulations of the NREL 5-MW turbine model, it is shown how the optimal prefilter can adapt to varying degrees of measurement quality.
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Mong-Chih, Shich, and 謝孟志. "SPT Impulse Energy Measurement and Analysis." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37261753635185425333.
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Lai, Bao-Ren, and 賴寶仁. "Simulation and Measurement of Tissues’ Dielectric Characteristics." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63124632978437434230.
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碩士國立陽明大學
醫學工程研究所
100
Objective : In this thesis, we want to study the dielectric properties of the human tissues in order to build models to analyze and simulate the dissipation of the electromagnetic wave’s energy which transport from inside to outside of human body. To building this thesis, we want to achieve the purpose of positioning the position of invasive catheter with the system of transmission and received antenna. Methods : The experiment method separates two ways, one uses static magnetic field, another one uses EM wave. The materials of building static magnetic field are Fe2O3 powder and soft magnetic sheet. Before using the EM wave method, we need dielectric data of the different human tissues, and analyze the rest power after transferring tissues according to thesis. We have to measure dielectric properties of the tissues of ligamental flavum and interspinous ligament and supraspinous ligament which are access from porcine vertebral. We control experiment temperature in 37oc, and use network analyzer model N9923A to measure s parameter. At last, we can calculate the dielectric data from s parameter. Results : In the result, the gauss meter could not measure the magnetic field out of the distances of 5 centimeters. Conclusion : According to the result, it is not suitable to positioning the placement of invasive catheter with static magnetic field method. With EM experiment, we obtained the result of tissues’ penetration depth. And the tissues’ penetration depth are fitting the trend of the lower of the frequency, the deeper of the penetration depth.
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Chen, Yen-Chun, and 陳彥均. "Identification of StructuralDynamic Characteristics UsingOutput-only Measurement." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15492017709262097339.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
94
It is difficult to measure the input for system identification and this is because there are many factors of .environment. So the output-only is becoming important for the future. In this thesis, address several output-only methods and then analysis identification of Structural Dynamic Characteristics Using Output-only Measurement. In order to identify the structure system, address two methods, KL (Karhunen-Loéve ) and SSI (Stochastic Subspace Identification), to identify the mode and then compare two methods. For the modal frequency and damping ratio of the structure, there are four methods, general method 、half-power method 、AR modal method 、two least-squares ARMA modal method, to identify separately and then compile statistics the measured data. In connection with Gi-Lu bridge, we can understand the dynamic characteristic of longitudinal、transverse and vertical directions and consider the couple effect of the deck and cable.
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Li, H. Y., and 李慧儀. "Characteristics Measurement of GaN Blue Laser Diode." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13216320688083290828.
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碩士國立交通大學
光電工程所
89
In this thesis, we investigated the commercially available GaN blue lasers including the emission characteristics and the frequency stability of the lasers. We used two types of GaN lasers. One is 5 mW (NLHV 500A), and the other is 30 mW (NLHV 3000E). Threshold current and center wavelength of low-power type are 48 mA and 407 nm. Those of high-power type are 39 mA and 400 nm. The temperature dependence of L-I curve showed a characteristic temperature T0 is 213.8 K and 141.4 K for low power and high power laser respectively. From current versus the output power, we get quantum efficiency of around 38 % for low power device and 31 % for high power device. The wavelength shift of current and temperature variation are 0.00267 nm/mA which corresponding to 5 GHz/mA, and 0.016 nm/oC = 30 GHz/oC. The transverse mode is TEM00 and the linewidth measured by a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer is about 5 MHz. These data indicate the GaN laser is relatively insensitive to thermal effect. Besides these, we setup an external cavity using the low power laser, and obtained a tuning range about 2 nm. We also used an optical feedback system to stabilize the high power laser and measured stability about 1E-9 for a 1000 sec period, which is two orders better than the free-running laser.
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Lu, Pei-che, and 呂沛哲. "Vision measurement of characteristics of cabbage seedlings." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28436282884570329232.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業機械工程學系研究所
87
Automatic image-processing algorithms were developed to identify features and properties of cabbage seedlings. An automatic image acquiring system, which consists of illuminating chamber, was developed by computer communication, automatic control and machine vision. Top and side images of cabbage seedlings were grabbed after the process of the color calibration. Image-processing algorithms were modified as follows：determining the threshold values by the method of minimum error thresholding to reduce errors of stem diameter and hypocosyle length measured image-processing (the average error of stem diameter was reduced to 4.72% and the average error of hypocosyle length was reduced to 8.08%). Measuring the characteristics of cabbage leaves by drawing the shape of image. Using ellipse shape to reduce the errors due to the cabbage leaf separation and more accurate values were obtained, such as the error of leaf-length reduced to 4.01%, the error of leaf-width reduced to 3.37% and the error of leaf-area reduced to 9.99%. It was found that characteristics of cabbage seedlings would be affected by the seasons, such as stalk height, stem diameter, leaf fresh weight and dry weight without roots. Using multiple linear regression (MLR) and back-propagation network to analyze the linear and non-linear relationships between the characteristics (including manual-measurement and image-calculation) and the quality indices of cabbage seedlings (including the expert’s scores of seedlings and dry weight without roots). Correlation coefficient (r) of the best MLR model to predict the expert’s scores was 0.89 and RMSE (Root mean square error) was 0.18. The best neural network model to predict the expert’s scores was developed with r of 0.92 and SEC (Standard error of calibration) of 0.15. Stem diameter, fresh weight without roots, average leaf-width and average leaf-area were the most important characteristics of manual measurement related to the experts’ grade scores of seedlings. The best MLR model to predict dry weight (without root) was 0.9 in r and was 0.023 in RMSE. While the best neural network model to predict dry weight (without root) was 0.93 in r and was 0.012 in SEC. Dry weight of root, fresh weight without root, leaf fresh weight and average leaf-width were the most important characteristics of manual measurement related to dry weight without roots. The correlation coefficient of the best MLR model to predict the expert’s scores was 0.75 and RMSE was 0.26. The best neural network to predict the expert’s scores with the consideration of season was 0.83 in r and was 0.2 in SEC. Projective area of top image, span, seedling length and projective area of side image were the most important characteristics of image calculation related to the expert’s grades scores of seedlings. The best MLR model to predict dry weight without root was 0.62 in r and was 0.045 in RMSE. The best neural network to predict dry weight without root was 0.77 in r and was 0.018 in SEC. Projective area of side image and top image, average leaf-area and seedling length were the most important characteristics of image calculation to dry weight without roots. Accuracy of the best neural network was 98.6% when the grades were used as the output.
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鐘新强. "Optical Characteristics Measurement of Optometry Trial Lenses." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h9hprh.
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Yung-YungChen and 陳雍雍. "Energy consumption characteristics of hospital buildings." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10548782596079888557.
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碩士國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
100
In recent years, the ideological trend of energy conservation and carbon reduction has driven the development of building energy assessment. More and more countries around the world and also Taiwan are attempting to control the energy consumption of construction industry based on this reason. From the policy of building energy conservation it was found that it only utilizes single type of energy consumption standard regulation regarding to the buildings so it could not reflect the difference of the proportion of their internal space composition and Energy Usage Intensity (EUI). This kind of building energy assessment will cause some mistakes and unfairness during assessment confront with hospital buildings which contain complicate composition of the internal spaces and also huge difference in energy usage of each space. Regarding to this situation, this study focused on five hospital buildings of each rating in central part of Taiwan, investigating lighting and equipment energy consumption data from ten types of main space in the building, also coordinate with computer software, eQUEST to simulate the energy consumption of AC in each space for analyzing usage. In our final studies we found that the energy consumption of hospital is not directly related to the rating, but related to the proportion about the composition of internal space in hospital. Our study has generalized the features of energy consumption for internal spaces in hospital and also proposed suggestions for the hospital building to implement five types of energy consumed partition during energy assessment. 1. 12hours low energy consumed area: outpatient department 2. 12hours high energy consumed area: Physiotherapy, Pharmacy, department of Radiology, Hemodialysis center and Health screening centre 3. 24hours low energy consumed area: general ward area 4. 24hours high energy consumed area: emergency ward area and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) 5. 24hours operating room area: operating room Total EUI of 12hours and 24hours low energy consumed area falls in the range of 250~260 kWh/ (m2‧yr) while total EUI of 24hours operating room area is around 700 kWh/(m2‧yr) which is the most energy consumed area in the hospital building.
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Yan, Ching-Huei, and 顏清輝. "Penetration Resistance and Energy Measurement of SPT." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91817288437999564016.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
土木工程與防災科技研究所
94
Standard Penetration Test（SPT） has been extensively used in civil engineering. Due to wrong operation performed and inexact equipment, the judgment of formation of soil layers lead to error or imperfections by using SPT N-value. Therefore, it generally needs to many different ways to modify so that N value can be used in geotechnical applications. The purpose of this study is to estimate the energy loss using energy measurement system for SPT and for providing SPT N- value correction for reference. The research methods are focused on design and setup the load cell and the accelerometer on the energy measurement rod. In addition, the industrial panel computer (IPC) and high-speed analogy-to-digital converter (ADC) card are used to acquisite and record the test data. Moreover, the Mass-Spring-Slider (MSS) model is proposed to estimate the relationship among the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of drill rod. The result showed that the joint of drill rod influenced the shape of first pressure wave and measurement energy of manual hammer was little higher than that of automatic hammer. In other words, the N-value will be underestimated. Besides, the MSS model should be needed to limit the deformation by Slider element otherwise the displacement of model should continue to increase with force. In addition, the maximum energy occurred most frequently on, or near, the first pressure wave in load cell response.
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Tang, Shiang-Guo, and 唐相國. "Analysis and Measurement of MIMO Radio Channel Characteristics." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65180842173153463384.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
電信工程學研究所
90
This thesis introduces a new structure for improving the transmitted data capacity in fixed bandwidth — the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, which is composed of two antenna arrays at both ends of the transmission link. The MIMO communication system exploits the low correlation among radio channels that is caused by rich multipath environment and transmits several kinds of data simultaneously with less interference. For further investigation of MIMO channel features, first we constructed a measurement platform for detecting the characteristics of MIMO channels. By the eigenanalysis and waterfilling capacity distribution method, the statistical feature of MIMO channels can be obtained. We found that the number of significant (available) 4x4 MIMO channel gain in indoor is larger than that in picocell case because the effect of multipath; the total capacity with 10% outage is around 25~30bits/s/Hz in indoor compared with 15~20bits/s/Hz in picocell scenario. In microcell scenario, for larger spatial coverage the RUSK channel sounder was exploited for measurement. Although the error that resulted from the difference of SIMO and MIMO system existed, the phenomenon that capacity when LOS exists is smaller than that in NLOS case can still be observed.
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Liou, Jia-Hua, and 劉家樺. "Polarization characteristics of 1D plasmonic grating measurement anddiscussion." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56851152808060453406.
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碩士國立中山大學
光電工程學系研究所
99
The birefringence of one-dimension PMMA surface gratings on a gold film substrate is investigated. The grating served as a coupler to facilitate the incoming light coupled to surface plasmon wave (SPW) which possesses high propagation wave vector. Since surface plasmon waves(SPWs) have a special dispersion relation, the birefringence Δneff (Δneff =nx-ny, where grating k-vector is along x axis) of this structure is relatively large and can be changed from positive to negative by changing the operation wavelength. The obtained the four Stokes parameters at 515nm and 633nm are marked on the Poincare sphere. Δneff is 2π/7 and -π/8 at 515nm and 633nm respectively. Further, by changing the form factor of PMMA gratings, we found that the maximum Δneff occurred when PMMA stripe width : air gap=1:1.
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Liu, Yao-Yi, and 劉曜毅. "Fabrication of GaN MESFET and measurement of characteristics." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53573373206528669492.
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碩士國立清華大學
電子工程研究所
90
We investigate the reliability of GaN metal semiconductor field effect transistor. The high quality GaN was grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). We used Ni/Au as a schottky gate and Ti/Al/Ti/Au as a drain source of GaN MESFET. It was found that the performance of GaN MESFET was not changed after heated at 300℃ for 120m. No degradation of ohmic contact and schottky contact was occurred. The better reliability of GaN MESFET was demonstrated.
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Liang, Zhi-Zhan, and 梁智展. "Frequency Selective Surfaces Design, Measurement and Characteristics Analysis." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11552966216879655787.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
電機工程學系
95
Because of the filtering property suggested, frequency selective surfaces (FSS) have attracted a lot of researches, and have been applied to military and industry applications. In this paper, the patterns of the FSS designed in the literatures and the effect of their parameters are analyzed by the commercial simulation software package HFSS. In order to verify the simulation results, the method of print-out is used to manufacture the FSS prototype. It saves a lot of time and reduces the cost of production. The methods of practical analysis and verification for both simulation and measurement setup also have been proposed in the paper. In the analysis of the FSS, the parameters to be simulated include the size, polarization and angle of incident wave, thickness and permittivity of the dielectric layers. Different shapes of the element patterns (slot or patch) are also analyzed, such as ring (slot), Jerusalem cross (slot), Jerusalem cross (patch), tripole (slot), cross (slot), etc. Base on these analyses, the process of designing narrow-band bandpass filtering has been proposed. In order to verify our simulation results, the method of printed-out is used. By comparing the measurement and simulation results, the source of the error can be obtained. We perform a lots of sensitivity analyses of the FSS affected by both the conductivity of conductor and permittivity of dielectric. For our experiments, it is obviously that the conductivity of the conductor will not affect the resonant frequency when it is greater than a certain range. After that, resonant frequency will decrease as conductivity decreased. Also we can see that the permittivity of the dielectric layer’s impacts on resonant frequency will varied according to different shapes. Resonant frequency will not be necessary decreased as the permittivity increased. However, the resonant frequency will be irregularity in a small range within certain intervals. For the bandpass filtering applications, the shape of Jerusalem cross is a better choice from our experiment results, because it has smaller error and performs more consistent results on both resonant frequency and bandwidth, along with good transmittance behavior. Several key points on both manufacturing and measuring process and the future work are also summarized in this paper.
50
Chien-Lung, Chen, and 陳建隆. "The Study of Standard Penetration Test Energy Measurement." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54815033335687794974.
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