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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Measurement of blood cholesterol'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Macklin, Diana C. "A comparison of cholesterol measurements via various blood sample types." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774768.

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There has been inconsistencies in the performance of dry-chemistry analyzers using different blood sample types. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine precision and accuracy of both capillary and venous whole blood analyzed by the Reflotron (Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana) and capillary plasma analyzed by the Ektachem DT60 (Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York). Fifty subjects were recruited to provide a representative sample of cholesterol concentrations. One technician performed two fingerstick punctures and one venipuncture on each subject and analyzed the blood sample types in duplicate using each of the dry-chemistry analyzers. The methods and sample types utilized for comparison of total cholesterol are summarized below.ReflotronEktachem DT60Sigma2-Fingerstick whole2-Fingerstick plasma2-Venipuncture plasmablood2-Venipuncture whole2-Venipuncture plasmablood2-Veni uncture lasmaThe mean percent variation of the duplicate samples analyzed revealed all sample types, with the exception of fingerstick whole blood analyzed by theReflotron, met the LSP ideal goal for precision of 5 3% CV. Fingerstick wholeblood CV was 3.1%, meeting the current LSP standard of _5 5% CV for precision. The Sigma wet-chemistry assay for determination of total cholesterol was used as the reference for assessment of bias of each of the sample types. Fingerstick whole blood, via the Reflotron method, produced a positive 5.5% bias when compared to the reference, failing to meet the current LSP goal for acceptable accuracy (±5% bias). Venous whole blood analyzed using the Reflotron met this goal with a bias of +3.3%. Fingerstick plasma, via the Ektachem DT60 method, produced a bias of +2.1%, meeting the ideal LSP goal of ±3% bias. Venous plasma as measured by both the Reflotron and Ektachem DT60 also met this ideal goal (+2.0% and +1.8% bias, respectively). Overall, precision and accuracy of all sample types, with the exception of fingerstick whole blood, when analyzed by their respective dry-chemistry analyzer was acceptable.
School of Physical Education

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2

Govender, Gwensweri, University of Western Sydney, and College of Science Technology and Environment. "Fabrication and characterisation of eletrochemical biosensors for the determination of cholesterol." THESIS_CSTE_XXX_Govender_G.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/461.

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During the course of this study, an extensive investigation was conducted into the measurement of free and total cholesterol by fabrication of cholesterol biosensors. Specific areas investigated in-depth included the immobilisation of enzymes into conducting polypyrrole (PPy) film, bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde (BSA-GLA) gel and a hybrid bi-layer of PPy and BSA-GLA. Key parameters for the reliable measurement of cholesterol were optimised. The optimum parameters
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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3

Govender, Gwensweri. "Fabrication and characterisation of eletrochemical biosensors for the determination of cholesterol." Thesis, View thesis, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/461.

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During the course of this study, an extensive investigation was conducted into the measurement of free and total cholesterol by fabrication of cholesterol biosensors. Specific areas investigated in-depth included the immobilisation of enzymes into conducting polypyrrole (PPy) film, bovine serum albumin-glutaraldehyde (BSA-GLA) gel and a hybrid bi-layer of PPy and BSA-GLA. Key parameters for the reliable measurement of cholesterol were optimised. The optimum parameters

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4

Aristovich, E. "Non-invasive measurement of cholesterol in human blood by impedance technique : an investigation by finite element field modelling." Thesis, City University London, 2014. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8343/.

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The main topic of this work is detection of solid particles suspended in conductive medium and development of methodologies for determining cholesterol levels in human blood non-invasively by electrical impedance technique. The main part of this research is focused on the development of methodologies for numerical finite element (FE) modelling of simplified blood-cholesterol system, representing a real measurement system. This has been done first in 2D, to prove the concept and then in 3D, to take into account all of the effects that would only be present in 3D system as well as taking into account that there is a fully 3D problem in the heart of presented research. The proposed model has been tested in various extreme cases and theoretical and some experimental validations have been carried out to establish a degree of confidence in the modelling methodologies developed. This included novel way of model simplification by introduction of particle coagulation. This method has been proven to be successful replacement of effective conductivity method, used in the past. It has been tested against variation in physiological parameters, such as particle concentration and distribution, and material properties, such as particle ,conductivities. In 3D modelling cases the red blood cells (RBC) have been added to further increase the complexity of the system. Several case studies were used to help analyse which physical parameters of RBC would have the biggest impact on system’s impedance. Results were validated against experimental data where possible. This allowed extension of proposed methodology to non-spherical particles modelling. The other methodology adopted in this work applies to the electrode modelling. All electrodes are modelled as hollows. This tactic has been proven to work. It was validated both theoretically and by comparing computational model results with experiment results (BERG, City University London). In Conclusions, it is discussed that both methodologies can be used outside of current research in electromagnetic simulations of less conductive particles in conductive solvent and in cases where electrode material is not known. Modelling investigations of the simplified blood-cholesterol systems using the 2D and 3D FE modelling methodologies developed in this work have shown that it should be possible to measure cholesterol levels in human blood by impedance technique. Opinion sought from clinical staff highlight that this can potentially improve patient care by minimizing time needed for tests and human error (by shortening the number of people involved in testing). The work also establishes and discusses the need for further work, both theoretical and experimental for development of a measuring device for non-invasive measurement of cholesterol in human blood by impedance technique.

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5

Vela-Melton, Dorothy Louise. "Self-esteem and blood pressure, cholesterol, thyroxine and leukocytes." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/460.

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6

Lewington, Sarah. "Blood pressure, cholesterol and premature death : towards the real relationships." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:517a1b6c-4752-46e7-868b-48a4ea078e69.

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This thesis is based on a worldwide overview (meta-analysis) of prospective observational studies of blood pressure and cholesterol, involving a centralised collection of data on over one million individuals from 59 studies, which I have co- ordinated since its inception. Analytically, the aim has been to develop and to use appropriate statistical techniques to assess the age- and sex-specific associations of usual blood pressure and of usual cholesterol with cause-specific mortality. Since the data set is uniquely large, and because appropriate methods of analysis (with full account taken of the time-dependent nature of the regression dilution bias) have been developed and used, these associations have been established more reliably. An integral part of the methodological element of the thesis has been to investigate the systematic underestimation of associations between risk factor and disease that are obtained when only a single baseline measurement is used to assess levels of such risk factors (the regression dilution bias). The extent of this bias has been investigated in each study that had repeat measurements of risk factors during follow-up. One particularly novel aspect has been the emphasis on, and methods developed to account for, the regression dilution bias in several studies simultaneously and in an appropriately time-dependent way. This thesis illustrates the extent to which random error and inappropriate statistical analysis lead to misleading conclusions concerning the importance of blood pressure and blood cholesterol, particularly in premature death. Only by studying adequate numbers of deaths (136,000 deaths among 1 million adults during 13 million person- years of follow-up) and by using appropriate statistical techniques - taking proper account of (a) the regression dilution bias; (b) the full range of blood pressure and cholesterol; (c) the opposing effects of HDL.and the remaining non-HDL cholesterol; and (d) age at death - did it become possible to provide reliable results on the true relationships between blood pressure, cholesterol fractions and vascular and other causes of death. These analyses have demonstrated reliably that, as causes of IHD death in early middle age, blood pressure and blood lipids are three to five times more important than suggested by inappropriate analyses, with no clinically relevant inverse associations with cancer or other non-vascular mortality (except, surprisingly, COPD).

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7

Huang, Tingyu Tina, and 黄亭语. "Systematic review: effect of tartary buckwheat in controlling blood cholesterol." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46937298.

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8

Wilson, Stephanie Helen. "Pathogenesis and treatment of cholesterol-related early vascular injury." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28453.

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This thesis describes studies into the pathogenesis of Cholesterol—related early vascular injury. In addition, this thesis examines the potential reversibility of this injury with 2 agents: a) simvastatin, an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, in a model independent of any reduction in lipids and 2) high dose aspirin. Hypercholesterolaemia led to a decrease in NO bioavailability, in association with a decrease in the enzyme, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and increased oxidative stress. In addition, there was an increase in the pro—inflammatory transcription factor, NF—KB, in the intima of the epicardial coronary arteries. Moreover, activated NF—KB was present in macrophages, foam cells and vascular smooth muscle cells in coronary atheromatous plaque and its expression increased in unstable coronary syndromes. These data support a role for NF—KB in the pathogenesis of early atherosclerosis and the development of unstable coronary syndromes. In addition, this thesis demonstrated for the first time that simvastatin, an HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, preserves endothelium—dependent vasorelaxation in both large and small coronary vessels in porcine experimental HC, despite no reduction in plasma lipids. This effect was associated with normalisation of eNOS protein levels. Furthermore, in vivo plasma markers of oxidative stress were attenuated by treatment with simvastatin. However, there was no attenuation in the activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor, NF—KB. These studies suggest a role for the HMGCoA reductase inhibitors in reducing cardiac morbidity and mortality, beyond their effect on cholesterol levels. The current studies also demonstrated that high dose aspirin therapy preserved endothelial function in large coronary vessels. This alteration in the generation of prostanoids in favour of vasodilatation may be an important component of the therapeutic benefit of aspirin in HC-induced atherosclerosis. In summary, results of studies described in this thesis provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that may be responsible for early vascular injury in hypercholesterolaemia and its reversibility with the therapeutic agents, simvastatin and high dose aspirin.

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9

Neubauer, Tamara E. "Cholesterol reduction in men : an experimental investigation of intensive treatment with frequent feedback versus a simple educational treatment /." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040807/.

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10

Lee, Sun Min. "Studies of the Mechanism of Plasma Cholesterol Esterification in Aged Rats." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331051/.

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The study was performed to determine factors influencing the esteriflcation of plasma cholesterol in young and aged rats. The distribution of LCAT activity was determined following gel nitration chromatography and ultracentrifugation of whole plasma respectively. When rat plasma was fractionated on a Bio-Gel A-5 Mcolumn, LCAT activity was found to be associated with the HDL fraction. A similar result was observed upon 24 hr density gradient ultracentrifugation of the plasma. However, following prolonged 40 hr preparative ultracentrifugation, the majority of the LCAT activity was displaced into the lipoprotein-free infranatant fraction (d> 1.225 g/ml). The dissociation of LCAT from the HDL fraction occured to a smaller extent in aged rat plasma than in young rat plasma. Plasma incubation (37°C) experiments followed by the isolation of lipoproteins and the subsequent analysis of their cholesterol content revealed that in vitro net esteriflcation of free cholesterol (FC) by LCAT as well as the fractional ufilization of HDL-FC as substrate were lower in the plasma of the aged animal as compared to that of the young animal despite the fact that the total pool of FC was higher in the former. The net transfer of FC from lower density lipoproteins (d<1.07 g/ml) to HDL provided the FC (in addition to HDL-FC) for esteriflcation in the plasma of both young and aged rats, and this process was not substantially affected by aging. Substrate specificity studies indicated that HDL from young rats was a better substrate for LCAT than the HDL from aged rats. The HDL isolated from the plasma of aged rats was enriched with apo E and had a considerably higher molecular weight than the HDL from young rat plasma. The ratio of phosphatidyl choline/sphingomyelin was lower in the HDL of aged rats. These data suggest that the decreased plasma cholesterol esteriflcation in aged rats is due to changes in the composition and size of the lipoprotein substrate (HDL).

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11

Donckers-Roseveare, Kathryn. "Periodic feedback to reduce cholesterol levels." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41912.

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12

Ng, Kim-Gau. "Oscillometric blood pressure measurement and simulation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq20572.pdf.

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13

Koirala, Nischal. "Access Blood Flow Measurement Using Angiography." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu153796812445051.

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14

Vauhkonen, Matti. "Surface structure of human low density lipoproteins carbohydrate structure of apolipoprotein B-100 and properties of the surface lipid layer /." Helsinki : Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22137261.html.

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15

Brett, Sally Emma. "Influence of cardiovascular risk factors on exercise blood pressure." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341138.

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16

Cross, Teresa Jane. "Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride responses of hamsters fed oat bran and pinto bean diets." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040747/.

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17

Beecy, Christine M. "A test of two educational strategies for lowering blood cholesterol at the worksite." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43587.

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One hundred and seventy male and female volunteers employed at Hubbell Lighting Inc., Christiansburg, Virginia were studied to determine the effectiveness of two alternative educational strategies for lowering elevated blood cholesterol by modifying the diet. Initially three hundred and twenty-eight employees were weighed and tested for elevated total blood cholesterol via a finger-stick procedure using a Reflotron. Two hundred of these employees had elevated total blood cholesterol readings (2: 200 mg/dl) and were invited to participate in the study. The one hundred and seventy employees who consented to participate were divided into plant and office populations and then each of these two subpopulations was then randomized by sex into one of three experimental groups: individuals receiving worksite classes, those who received information on diet and blood cholesterol mailed to their homes, or a control group. Prior to the baseline blood cholesterol test, subjects completed and returned a pre-test questionnaire used to obtain demographic data and assess baseline knowledge, dietary practices and health-relevant attitudes such as self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility to heart disease, and perceived social support. Subjects also completed a three-day food record on the first and eighth week of the study as well as a post-test questionnaire identical to the pre-test questionnaire prior to the second blood cholesterol test which was performed during the tenth week of the study. No significant differences were observed over the experimental period in body weight. knowledge, dietary practices, and health relevant attitudes. Significant differences were observed for the dependent measure of change in blood cholesterol with a group and education level effect identified between subjects receiving worksite classes vs. the control group (p = .0284**) and subjects with only a grade school level education vs. all other education levels (p = .0021 **). Overall. subjects reduced total blood cholesterol levels by 18 mg/dl or 9% with the mean reduction for white and blue-collar groups receiving worksite classes (23 mg/dl or 11% and 19 mg/dl or 9%) significantly greater than the mean reduction for the control groups (13 mg/dl or 6% and 14 mg/dl or 7%). Subjects with only a grade school education reduced their cholesterol levels more than subjects at all other educational levels. The mean reduction in blood cholesterol for subjects receiving information mailed to the home about diet and blood cholesterol was less than the mean reduction for subjects in groups receiving the worksite classes. However. ANOV A revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups. Since, the mailed home approach is less costly for the employer, these findings suggest that while the two educational interventions may be similar in terms of effectiveness, the mailed home approach is more cost-effective.
Master of Science

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18

Ibrahim, Osama Mohamed. "Evaluating cholesterol screening in a community pharmacy." Scholarly Commons, 1988. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2162.

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The purpose of this research project was to evaluate the role of the community pharmacist in screening, identifying, and referring ambulatory patients with high total blood cholesterol (TBC) in a community pharmacy. Fifty seven patients, out of 241 initially screened individuals, met the study inclusion criteria and were accepted into this study. Of these 57 patients, 51 patients completed the six month study period. The normal population group consisted of 164 participants with TBC < 200 mgjdL at the initial cholesterol testing (visit 1). The drop out group represented six patients who failed to continue attending the two follow up tests (visit 2 and 3). For screening purposes, a non-fasting whole blood sample was used to measure TBC using the Boehringer Mannheim Reflotron analyzer. The project was evaluated based on mean TBC levels obtained during the initial screening and the two follow up tests, pre-test and post-test scores, behavior and lifestyle changes, and the number of patients who received a physician's order for lipid analysis as a result of initial screening results. In addition, influence of age and educational background on lowering TBC in visits 2 and 3, patient acceptance of blood screening in a community pharmacy and willingness to pay for this service in the future were also determined. To assess the level of significance among the means of the tested parameters, both parametric (one-way analysis of variance, Scheffe's post hoc test and two sample t-test) and non-parametric statistics (Mann-Whitney and chi-square test) were used at a probability level of less than 0.05. There was a significant difference in mean TBC levels between visit 1 and 2, and between visit 1 and 3 (P< 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was found between visit 2 and 3 (P= 0.48). In addition, there was no significant difference in the incidence of high blood cholesterol in terms of gender or age difference at the initial screening. Further, mean TBC levels between males and females remained statistically insignificant during the two follow up tests. However, younger patients were able to lower their mean TBC level in visit 2 and 3 compared with older patients (P=< 0.031). The one-way analysis of variance results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in TBC changes during the three visits by subjects categorized by educational background levels. Patient's attitude toward the idea of blood test measurement in community pharmacies was positive. Ninety eight percent of the study group stated that they strongly liked such an idea, 92.16% expressed a willingness to pay an average of $4.55 (range $3 or less to $10), and all agreed that it was a convenient service for them. It was concluded that cholesterol screening in this community pharmacy was effective and acceptable, and may prove to be financially feasible when effectively planned and marketed. This service provides the community pharmacist with an opportunity to offer a unique patient-oriented public service.

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19

Eriksson, Roger. "Ultrasonic doppler methods for blood perfusion measurement." Lund : Dept. of Electrical Measurements, Lund Institute of Technology, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39225406.html.

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20

Lin, Han-Chun (Vivien). "Specialised non-invasive blood pressure measurement algorithm." AUT University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/976.

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Blood pressure is one of the fundamental clinical measures. For more than 100 years, clinicians and researchers have used the mercury sphygmomanometer for blood pressure measurement. Environmental concern about mercury contamination has highlighted the need to find a replacement for traditional mercury sphygmomanometers. A number of currently used non-invasive blood pressure measurement methods have been studied in this research. The most commonly used automatic pressure monitoring method nowadays is the Oscillometric method. Height-based and Slope-based criteria are the two general means used to determine the systolic and diastolic pressures. However, these two criteria have many disputed points, making them debatable as a good standard for blood pressure measurement. For this reason, the auscultatory method continues to be the gold-standard for non-invasive blood pressure measurement. Current research uses a newly developed cuff with three different lengths of piezo film sensors and a pressure sensor to collect signals from the brachial artery. The objectives of the research are to process the measured signal from the sensors and develop a blood pressure measurement algorithm that will accurately determine the blood pressure noninvasively. Signal processing and heart beat / heart rate detection software have been developed. The best algorithm has been selected from three developed algorithms for further modification and validation. The final algorithm used two feed-forward Neural Networks to classify the acquired pressure signals into various regions of the pressure signals. The final algorithm has been tested on 258 measurements from 86 subjects. The testing result showed that the algorithm achieved grade A for both systolic and diastolic pressures according to the British Hypertension Society protocol. The mean differences (SD) between the observers and the developed algorithm were 1.44 (5.27) mmHg and 1.77 (6.17) mmHg for systolic and diastolic pressures, respectively, which also fulfilled the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation protocol. In conclusion, this algorithm was successfully developed and it is recommended for further clinical trial in a wider adult population. Further development of this algorithm also includes extending to other subgroups such as pregnant women, arrhythmia, diabetics and other subjects with diseases.

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21

John, Gareth W. "Measurement of venous blood flow using photoplethysmography." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54076/.

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This simple, non-invasive test will reduce the patient numbers requiring the more time-consuming ultrasound examination, by screening out a high proportion of individuals who definitely do not have lower limb DVT. However, further signal processing methods should be investigated to improve the specificity of the test.

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22

Takahashi, Osamu. "Evaluation of lower limb blood pressure measurement." Kyoto University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/143812.

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23

Soueidan, Karen. "Augmented blood pressure measurement through the estimation of physiological blood pressure variability." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28828.

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Current noninvasive blood pressure (BP) measurement methods estimate the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) at two random instants in time. The BP variability and its serious consequences on the measurement are not recognized by most physicians. The standard for automated BP devices sets a maximum allowable system error of +/- 5 mmHg, even though natural BP variability often exceeds these limits. This thesis characterizes the variability of SBP and DBP and proposes a new approach to augment the conventional noninvasive measurement using simultaneous recordings of the oscillometric and continuous arterial pulse waveforms by providing: 1) The mean SBP (or DBP) over the measurement interval, 2) Their respective standard deviations, and 3) An indicator as to whether or not the oscillometric reading is an outlier. Recordings with healthy subjects showed that the approach has prominent potential and does not suffer from bias relative to the conventional method.

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24

Govender, Gwensweri. "Fabrication and characterisation of eletrochemical biosensors for the determination of cholesterol /." View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051118.110927/index.html.

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25

Jordan, Julie Ann. "Altered feeding pattern:its effect on selected blood lipids in humans." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91034.

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Seventeen males participated in an investigation comparing the effects of a three meal per day feeding pattern versus a six meal per day feeding pattern on a serum lipid profile. During a two week acclimation period three meals per day were consumed by all subjects. The subjects were then divided into two groups. Group I consumed three meals per day for six weeks while group II consumed six meals per day for the same amount of time. The two groups then reversed feeding patterns for an additional six week period. Subjects completed five four-day food records which were analyzed qualitatively. Three of the four-day food records for each subject were hand coded and computer processed for kilocalorie, total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake. Mean intake of cholesterol was found to be within a desirable range. Mean intake of total fat and saturated fat were noted as exceeding desirable values. Blood samples were collected from each subject following a two week acclimation period and following each of the two six week feeding phases. The samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol levels. There was no statistically significant difference found between the consumption of three meals per day and six meals per day for the lipid parameters of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. There was a significant decrease in triglyceride level with the six meal per day feeding pattern with one group but not the other. For both groups there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in HDL-cholesterol levels between the six meals per day and the three meal per day feeding patterns. However, the findings were dissimilar in that for Group I the HDL-cholesterol was higher after the six meal pattern as opposed to the three meal pattern, and for Group II, the opposite was true.
M.S.

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26

Miller, Stephanie M. "The Relationship of Waist Size to Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Among College Students." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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Miller, Stephanie. "The relationship of waist size to blood pressure and cholesterol among college students /." Lynchburg, VA : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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28

Bibi, Innocent. "Health Awareness on High Blood Pressure, High Cholesterol, and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7914.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 25% of the annual deaths in the United States and represents a major public health burden, as patients often require screening and lifestyle changes related to multiple risk factors such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to determine if there was a statistically significant association between high blood pressure and high cholesterol awareness (prevention and management) and cardiovascular health outcomes (angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and heart attack). The theoretical framework that guided this study was the health belief model. Data from adults over the age of 18 from the 2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset were used for this study. Logistic regression was used to analyze data. Results showed no statistically significant association between high blood pressure awareness (prevention and management) and cardiovascular health outcome (angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and heart attack) based on race, age, level of education, and acculturation. There was also no statistically significant association between high cholesterol awareness (prevention and management) and cardiovascular health outcome (angina pectoris, coronary heart disease, and heart attack) based on race, age, level of education, and acculturation. This study may contribute to positive social change through an increase in individuals' level of awareness of their medical condition, which could lead to a reduction in the burden of cardiovascular disease.

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Fights, Sandra D. "The relationship between the exercise of self-care agency and serum cholesterol levels." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722467.

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The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of exercise of self-care agency and serum cholesterol levels. The American Heart Association (1986) and the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (1987) have identified the reduction of serum cholesterol as a major factor in decreasing the risk for coronary artery disease. Orem's theory of self-care identified diet and exercise management as activities well being (Orem, 1971). It was hypothesized that high levels of self-care are inversely related to serum cholesterol levels. A retrospective study was conducted. A convenience sample of 176 individuals who have obtained cholesterol screening at a Nursing Center for Family Health was obtained. Written consent was obtained to review individual files for serumcholesterol levels, information related to demographic variables, nutrition and exercise habits; and for the Exercise of Self-Care Agency. Each participant completed the "Exercise of Self-Care Agency" tool. Confidentiality was maintained and responses were coded for analysis only. Correlational statistics were utilized to analyze the data obtained. The hypothesis was tested using Pearson r analysis and demonstrated poor correlation and no significant relationship. Research questions related to diet, exercise, age and the exercise of self-care agency were tested by a 3x2x2 ANOVA and showed no significant difference. Recommendations for future study should include replication of the study with a larger sample and randomization of the sample.
School of Nursing

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30

Zhang, Qiang. "Effect of acute exercise on postprandial lipemia and HDL cholesterol subfractions /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842578.

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31

Broeder, Craig E. (Craig Elliot). "The Effects of Oat Fiber and Corn Bran on Blood Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500880/.

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Forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly placed in five groups with eight rats per group. Each group varied in dietary composition for fiber type and carbohydrate source. Groups one and two received oat fiber and either sucrose or corn starch as the carbohydrate source. Groups three and four received corn bran as the fiber source and either sucrose or corn starch as the carbohydrate source. Group five (considered the control group), received Purina standard rat chow. Analysis of variance showed only significant differences for food intake, and the control group had a significantly higher food intake. Weight gain, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels showed no significant differences.

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32

Rothschild, William F. "The relationship of exercise and diet to total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol college age males and females." Scholarly Commons, 1986. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2114.

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Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arteries and is defined as a form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty lesions called atheromatous plaques form on the intima of arteries. The formation of these plaques begins early, within the first two decades of life, and may be started by damage to the endothelial cells and intima of the artery walls (Guyton, 1981). A number of factors may cause the initial damage, including physical abrasion of the endothelium, abnormal substances in the blood or pulsating arterial pressure on the vessel wall (Guyton, 1981). There is a growing body of epidemiologic, genetic, experimental, and clinical evidence to support the hypothesis that there is a cause and effect relationship between high blood levels of cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of exercise and diet in predicting the total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio in college age males and females. Variables controlled for included age, gender, smoking, medication use, contraceptive use, hormone use and intense physical activity.

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Cardinali, Alex Victor. "Validation of a Noninvasive Blood Perfusion Measurement Sensor." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34059.

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This work represents the next step in the ongoing development of a system to noninvasively estimate blood perfusion using thermal methods. A combination thermocouple/thermopile sensor records heat flux and temperature measurements on the tissue of interest (in this case skin) for a given period of time. These data, in combination with other experimental parameters, are read into a computer program that compares them to a biothermal finite difference model of the system. The program uses an iterative process incorporating Gauss Minimization to adjust parameters in the biothermal model until the predicted system behavior satisfactorily approximates the real world data. The result is an estimation of blood perfusion in the tissue being measured, as well as an estimate of the thermal contact resistance between the probe and tissue. The system is tested on human forearms, canine legs during laparoscopic spay surgery, and on a canine medial saphenous fasciocutaneous free tissue flap model. Experimental measurements, especially those performed on the tissue flap model, show distinct correlation between blood perfusion and bioprobe output. This research demonstrates the accuracy of the biothermal model and the parameter estimation technique, as well as the usability of the system in a clinical setting.
Master of Science

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Dahlke, David K. (David Keith). "The Effectiveness of a Cholesterol Reduction Intervention Program Among Female Employees in a Corporate Setting." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504031/.

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Three cholesterol interventions were evaluated in a work-site setting to determine which was most effective in modifying physiological, behavioral, and knowledge measures related to total serum cholesterol. Of the 246 employees initially screened, 135 (55%) were identified as having elevated total serum cholesterol levels (>200 mg/dl) and were eligible for the study. Treatment consisted of either a six-session cholesterol reduction course requiring 30 days dietary monitoring, a six-session course without dietary monitoring, or an incentive only approach. Significant increases in cholesterol knowledge and dietary fiber consumption was found in both the education intervention with logging and intervention without logging groups. The results indicate that positive learning effects can take place in work-site settings and that such learning can lead to dietary changes that reduce the effects of high serum cholesterol.

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Fang, Danjun. "ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT OF PLASMA MEMBRANE CHOLESTEROL IN LIVE CELLS AND MOUSE TISSUES." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1251945019.

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Gardener, Alexander Graeme. "In-vivo measurement of blood oxygenation using MR." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422749.

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37

Kooshesh, Fatemeh. "Measurement of the deformability of red blood cells." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235606.

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Jonnada, Srikanth. "Cuff-less Blood Pressure Measurement Using a Smart Phone." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115102/.

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Blood pressure is vital sign information that physicians often need as preliminary data for immediate intervention during emergency situations or for regular monitoring of people with cardiovascular diseases. Despite the availability of portable blood pressure meters in the market, they are not regularly carried by people, creating a need for an ultra-portable measurement platform or device that can be easily carried and used at all times. One such device is the smartphone which, according to comScore survey is used by 26.2% of the US adult population. the mass production of these phones with built-in sensors and high computation power has created numerous possibilities for application development in different domains including biomedical. Motivated by this capability and their extensive usage, this thesis focuses on developing a blood pressure measurement platform on smartphones. Specifically, I developed a blood pressure measurement system on a smart phone using the built-in camera and a customized external microphone. the system consists of first obtaining heart beats using the microphone and finger pulse with the camera, and finally calculating the blood pressure using the recorded data. I developed techniques for finding the best location for obtaining the data, making the system usable by all categories of people. the proposed system resulted in accuracies between 90-100%, when compared to traditional blood pressure meters. the second part of this thesis presents a new system for remote heart beat monitoring using the smart phone. with the proposed system, heart beats can be transferred live by patients and monitored by physicians remotely for diagnosis. the proposed blood pressure measurement and remote monitoring systems will be able to facilitate information acquisition and decision making by the 9-1-1 operators.

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NIWA, TOSHIMITSU, NOBUYUKI HAMAJIMA, YOKO MITSUDA, and YASUHIKO SHIMOYAMA. "Polymorphisms of Nrf2, an Antioxidative Gene, are Associated with Blood Pressure in Japanese." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19489.

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Witsken, Colleen. "The Effect of Parental Control Over Child-Feeding on Compliance to Dietary Recommendations to Lower Blood Cholesterol." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179758468.

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Al-Othman, Abdullah Abdulrahman 1961. "Influence of copper deficiency on plasma lipoproteins and the development of enlarged plasma volume and cholesterol pool size." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277117.

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Two studies were designed to investigate the time course development of enlarged plasma volume and cholesterol pool size in copper (Cu)-deficient rats as well as influence of Cu deficiency on the lipid composition of lipoproteins. Rats were randomly assigned to three dietary Cu treatments (deficient, marginal, and adequate) in the Study I and two dietary Cu treatments (deficient and adequate) in Study II. Enlargement of plasma volume and cholesterol pool size were established prior to the increase in plasma cholesterol concentration. Cu concentration was decreased, whereas iron and zinc concentrations were increased in the organs of Cu-deficient and Cu-marginal rats. The plasma pool size of VLDL triglyceride was elevated 6-fold, protein and phospholipid were unaltered, and cholesterol was reduced 36%. The plasma pool size of lipid and protein components of HDL and LDL fractions were markedly elevated in Cu-deficient rats.

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Mueller, Jonathon. "The effect of differentiation technique utilized in continuous noninvasive blood pressure measurement." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1145295553.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, 2006.
"May, 2006." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 01/16/2008) Advisor, Dale Mugler; Co-Advisor, Bruce Taylor; Committee member, Daniel Sheffer; Department Chair, Daniel Sheffer; Dean of the College, George K. Haritos; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

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Godden, David J. "Measurement of airway blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23933.

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Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a non-invasive method of measuring microcirculatory blood flow based on quantifying the Doppler frequency shift imparted to laser light by moving red blood cells. The object of this study was to examine whether a laser Doppler flow probe could be used to measure airway wall blood flow during bronchoscopy. Studies were performed in dogs, sheep and humans. Artifactual LDF flow signals were identified due to inadequate contact between the probe head and the mucosa, ventilatory and cardiac movement, and ambient light interference. Measurement technique was modified to minimise these artifacts. Site-to-site variation in LDF flow signals under baseline conditions was observed in all species (mean coefficient of variation = 36%), and, in humans, variation was similar in awake subjects during breath-holding, and in anaesthetised subjects during cardiopulmonary bypass, in whom ventilatory and cardiac artifacts are absent. When the probe was held at a single site, linear flow-pressure relationships (r = 0.63 - 0.9, p< 0.001) were observed in the trachea in 7 dogs during acute changes in mean systemic blood pressure and airway pressure. In 4 sheep, average LDF flow signals within regions of the bronchi varied in a linear fashion with changes in blood flow through a cannulated bronchial artery perfused by a roller pump. However, site-to-site variation in response occurred, and a substantial signal persisted when bronchial arterial flow was stopped, or when the artery was perfused by a cell-free solution of dextran which would, in theory, be expected to produce no LDF signal. These results may be explained in part by collateral blood flow, but also indicate detection of 'noise'. In 5 dogs, blood flow was measured in 6 regions of the trachea by both LDF and by the radiolabelled microsphere reference flow technique during resting ventilation (baseline), application of 15 cm H₂O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and during hyperventilation of dry air (HV). When regional measurements were examined, weak, but significant, correlations were observed between LDF and reference flow measurements during each condition. However, during PEEP, although both techniques indicated a similar mean reduction in blood flow (63%) from baseline, there was no correlation between the techniques in the magnitude of reduction measured in individual regions. During HV, LDF measurements showed variable responses between regions, and the mean change from baseline was not significantly different from zero. In contrast, reference flow values increased in most regions, and the mean increase was 87% from baseline. Sectioning of the tracheal wall indicated that this increase was localised to the mucosal layer. The results indicate that acute changes in blood flow at single sites in the airway may be detected by LDF applied in the present fashion. However, detection of 'noise' and site-to-site variation in LDF signals preclude quantitative measurements of airway wall blood flow using this probe design, particularly when the probe is moved between sites during an intervention.

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Liu, Godwin Yat-Wah. "Quantitative blood flow measurement using C-mode Doppler ultrasound." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29269.pdf.

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Shennan, Andrew Hoseason. "Ambulatory blood pressure measurement in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286663.

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Briers, Michael Geoffrey. "Electrochemical transducers for the continuous measurement of blood gases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314888.

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Wicks, David Andrew Greenwood. "Intravascular blood flow measurement by quantitative cineangiographic image analysis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277411.

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Evans, Jonathan M. "Measurement of blood flow volume rate by Doppler ultrasound." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292441.

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49

McGowan, Neil. "The utility of out of office blood pressure measurement." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24943.

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Ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) has improved prognostic power with respect to cardiovascular disease compared with office blood pressure (BP). It can be postulated that this is secondary to improved reproducibility of measurement, as a result of ABPMs ability to remove most of the factors leading to within-subject variability of BP measurement. In addition, the number of BP readings obtained from ABPM results in a statistically more accurate reflection of mean BP compared with a single office BP measurement. Repeated episodes of ABPM, with time intervals of six months to greater than three years, were examined in a cohort of treatment naïve subjects. BP was more reproducible when expressed as a continuous variable, as defined by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), than when BP was referred to as a dichotomous variable (hypertensive/normotensive), as defined with a kappa statistic. This was true independent of time interval between episodes of monitoring. Linear regression analysis or multivariate binomial regression indicated that nocturnal blood pressure dip, expressed as either a continuous or dichotomous variable, was unable to be predicted from age, sex, mean awake systolic BP. Nocturnal blood pressure dipping was poorly reproducible when expressed as a dichotomous variable (dipper/non-dipper), irrespective of the time interval between measurements (k=0.29). Intra class correlation coefficient demonstrated improved reproducibility of nocturnal pressure fall when this is expressed as a percentage reduction of mean awake BP (ICC=0.6). This was constant independent of time interval. ABPM was used to demonstrate a significant BP reduction in patients with diabetes and high vascular risk, managed through a pharmacist-led cardiovascular risk clinic. Repeat ABPM six months post discharge was not significantly different from BP on discharge from the clinic. ABPM data currently needs clinician interpretation. Four studies, using national and international experts in hypertension, indicated poor agreement in interpretation and diagnosis of hypertension when all were faced with identical ABPM data. Computer software can be used to standardise diagnosis but management decisions will always rest with clinicians. Self blood pressure monitoring has been proposed as the future of hypertension management. Mean BP obtained with self monitoring of BP (SBPM), using the schedule defined by the European Society of Hypertension, was not significantly different to mean awake-time BP on ABPM. In addition, SBPM was preferred by over 80% of subjects. The author suggests that using only office BP for measuring blood pressure is outdated and inaccurate. The aim of this thesis was to demonstrate the utility of out of office blood pressure measurement and recommends this becomes part of everyday clinical practice. It is time hypertension management was brought into the 21st century!

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Martin, Gregory T. (Gregory Thomas) 1966. "A laser based, non-invasive measurement of blood perfusion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107853.

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