Relevant bibliographies by topics / Measurement of aerosols

Academic literature on the topic 'Measurement of aerosols'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Measurement of aerosols"

1

Zheng, Xiaojian, Baike Xi, Xiquan Dong, Timothy Logan, Yuan Wang, and Peng Wu. "Investigation of aerosol–cloud interactions under different absorptive aerosol regimes using Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) southern Great Plains (SGP) ground-based measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 3483–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3483-2020.

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Abstract. The aerosol indirect effect on cloud microphysical and radiative properties is one of the largest uncertainties in climate simulations. In order to investigate the aerosol–cloud interactions, a total of 16 low-level stratus cloud cases under daytime coupled boundary-layer conditions are selected over the southern Great Plains (SGP) region of the United States. The physicochemical properties of aerosols and their impacts on cloud microphysical properties are examined using data collected from the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) facility at the SGP site. The aerosol–cloud interaction index (ACIr) is used to quantify the aerosol impacts with respect to cloud-droplet effective radius. The mean value of ACIr calculated from all selected samples is 0.145±0.05 and ranges from 0.09 to 0.24 at a range of cloud liquid water paths (LWPs; LWP=20–300 g m−2). The magnitude of ACIr decreases with an increasing LWP, which suggests a diminished cloud microphysical response to aerosol loading, presumably due to enhanced condensational growth processes and enlarged particle sizes. The impact of aerosols with different light-absorbing abilities on the sensitivity of cloud microphysical responses is also investigated. In the presence of weak light-absorbing aerosols, the low-level clouds feature a higher number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (NCCN) and smaller effective radii (re), while the opposite is true for strong light-absorbing aerosols. Furthermore, the mean activation ratio of aerosols to CCN (NCCN∕Na) for weakly (strongly) absorbing aerosols is 0.54 (0.45), owing to the aerosol microphysical effects, particularly the different aerosol compositions inferred by their absorptive properties. In terms of the sensitivity of cloud-droplet number concentration (Nd) to NCCN, the fraction of CCN that converted to cloud droplets (Nd∕NCCN) for the weakly (strongly) absorptive regime is 0.69 (0.54). The measured ACIr values in the weakly absorptive regime are relatively higher, indicating that clouds have greater microphysical responses to aerosols, owing to the favorable thermodynamic condition. The reduced ACIr values in the strongly absorptive regime are due to the cloud-layer heating effect induced by strong light-absorbing aerosols. Consequently, we expect larger shortwave radiative cooling effects from clouds in the weakly absorptive regime than those in the strongly absorptive regime.
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Uin, Janek, Allison C. Aiken, Manvendra K. Dubey, Chongai Kuang, Mikhail Pekour, Cynthia Salwen, Arthur J. Sedlacek, et al. "Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Aerosol Observing Systems (AOS) for Surface-Based In Situ Atmospheric Aerosol and Trace Gas Measurements." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 36, no. 12 (December 2019): 2429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-19-0077.1.

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AbstractAerosols alter Earth’s radiative budget both directly and indirectly through interaction with clouds. Continuous observations are required to reduce the uncertainties in climate models associated with atmospheric processing and the interactions between aerosols and clouds. Field observations of aerosols are a central component of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Facility’s global measurements. The ARM mission goal is to “provide the climate research community with strategically located in situ and remote sensing observatories designed to improve the understanding and representation, in climate and earth system models, of clouds and aerosols as well as their interactions and coupling with the Earth’s surface.” Since 1996, ARM has met this goal by operating Aerosol Observing Systems (AOS) for in situ measurement of aerosols. Currently the five ARM AOSs are the most comprehensive field deployable aerosol systems in the United States. The AOS suite includes seven measurement classes: number concentration, size distribution, chemical composition, radiative and optical properties, hygroscopicity, trace gases, and supporting meteorological conditions. AOSs are designed as standardized measurement platforms to enable intercomparison across the ARM Facility for regional process studies within a global context. The instrumentation and measurement capabilities of the ARM AOSs, along with a history of their design and field deployments are presented here.
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Lee, Jeonghoon, and Hans Moosmüller. "Measurement of Light Absorbing Aerosols with Folded-Jamin Photothermal Interferometry." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092615.

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In this study, a photothermal interferometer was developed, based on a folded-Jamin polarization instrument with refractive-index sensitive configuration, in order to characterize light-absorbing aerosols. The feasibility of our interferometric technique was demonstrated by performing photothermal spectroscopy characterizing spark-generated black carbon particles with atmospherically relevant concentrations and atmospheric aerosols in a metropolitan area. The sensitivity of this interferometric system for both laboratory-generated aerosols and atmospheric aerosols was ~ 1 (μg/m3)/μV, which is sufficient for the monitoring of black carbon aerosol in urban areas.
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Gyawali, M., W. P. Arnott, R. A. Zaveri, C. Song, H. Moosmüller, L. Liu, M. I. Mishchenko, et al. "Photoacoustic optical properties at UV, VIS, and near IR wavelengths for laboratory generated and winter time ambient urban aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 5 (March 8, 2012): 2587–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-2587-2012.

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Abstract. We present the laboratory and ambient photoacoustic (PA) measurement of aerosol light absorption coefficients at ultraviolet wavelength (i.e., 355 nm) and compare with measurements at 405, 532, 870, and 1047 nm. Simultaneous measurements of aerosol light scattering coefficients were achieved by the integrating reciprocal nephelometer within the PA's acoustic resonator. Absorption and scattering measurements were carried out for various laboratory-generated aerosols, including salt, incense, and kerosene soot to evaluate the instrument calibration and gain insight on the spectral dependence of aerosol light absorption and scattering. Ambient measurements were obtained in Reno, Nevada, between 18 December 2009 and 18 January 2010. The measurement period included days with and without strong ground level temperature inversions, corresponding to highly polluted (freshly emitted aerosols) and relatively clean (aged aerosols) conditions. Particulate matter (PM) concentrations were measured and analyzed with other tracers of traffic emissions. The temperature inversion episodes caused very high concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm and 10 μm, respectively) and gaseous pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The diurnal change of absorption and scattering coefficients during the polluted (inversion) days increased approximately by a factor of two for all wavelengths compared to the clean days. The spectral variation in aerosol absorption coefficients indicated a significant amount of absorbing aerosol from traffic emissions and residential wood burning. The analysis of single scattering albedo (SSA), Ångström exponent of absorption (AEA), and Ångström exponent of scattering (AES) for clean and polluted days provides evidences that the aerosol aging and coating process is suppressed by strong temperature inversion under cloudy conditions. In general, measured UV absorption coefficients were found to be much larger for biomass burning aerosol than for typical ambient aerosols.
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Koropchak, John A., and D. H. Winn. "Fundamental Characteristics of Thermospray Aerosols and Sample Introduction for Atomic Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 8 (November 1987): 1311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874447338.

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Sample introduction to inductively coupled plasma atomic emission using thermospray nebulization is studied at a fundamental level. Optimum signals and signal-to-noise ratios result from thermospray operation at temperatures which coincide with highest analyte transport (>20%). High transport levels are maintained at sample flow rates of up to 3 mL/min. On the basis of comparison with analyte transport measurements for a pneumatic nebulizer (1.5%), signal increases are less than anticipated. Measurement of primary thermospray aerosols, using Fraunhofer diffraction, indicates that the enhanced transport results from decreased particle sizes for thermospray aerosols compared with pneumatic aerosols. Solvent is more rapidly vaporized from hot thermospray aerosols, further increasing the disparity in particle sizes. On the basis of aerosol particle size data, a conceptual model for aerosol generation, which is similar to pneumatic processes, is developed for thermospray. Trends for further improvements in thermospray aerosol production are predicted.
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Bian, Yuxuan, Chunsheng Zhao, Wanyun Xu, Gang Zhao, Jiangchuan Tao, and Ye Kuang. "Development and validation of a CCD-laser aerosol detective system for measuring the ambient aerosol phase function." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 6 (June 27, 2017): 2313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2313-2017.

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Abstract. Aerosol phase function represents the angular scattering property of aerosols, which is crucial for understanding the climate effects of aerosols that have been identified as one of the largest uncertainties in the evaluation of radiative forcing. So far, there is a lack of instruments with which to measure the aerosol phase function directly and accurately in laboratory studies and in situ measurements. A portable instrument with high angular range and resolution has been developed for the measurement of the phase function of ambient aerosols in this study. The charge-coupled device-laser aerosol detective system (CCD-LADS) measures the aerosol phase function both across a relatively wide angular range of 10–170° and at a high resolution of 0.1°. The system includes a continuous laser, two charge-coupled device cameras and the corresponding fisheye lenses. The CCD-LADS was validated by both a laboratory study and a field measurement. The comparison between the aerosol phase function retrieved from CCD-LADS and Mie-scattering model shows good agreement. Compared with the TSI polar nephelometer, CCD-LADS has the advantages of wider detection range and better stability.
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von Savigny, Christian, and Christoph G. Hoffmann. "Issues related to the retrieval of stratospheric-aerosol particle size information based on optical measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 1909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1909-2020.

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Abstract. Stratospheric-sulfate aerosols play an important role in the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere. The radiative and chemical effects of stratospheric-sulfate aerosols depend critically on the aerosol particle size distribution and its variability. Despite extensive research spanning several decades, the scientific understanding of the particle size distribution of stratospheric aerosols is still incomplete. Particle size estimates (often represented by the median radius of an assumed monomodal log-normal distribution with a fixed width or by the effective radius) reported in different studies cover a wide range, even under background stratospheric conditions, and particle size estimates retrieved from satellite solar-occultation measurements in the optical spectral range show a tendency to be systematically larger than retrievals based on other optical methods. In this contribution we suggest a potential reason for these systematic differences. Differences between the actual aerosol particle size distribution and the size distribution function assumed for aerosol size retrievals may lead to systematic differences in retrieved aerosol size estimates. We demonstrate that these systematic differences may differ significantly for different measurement techniques, which is related to the different sensitivities of these measurement techniques to specific parts of the aerosol particle population. In particular, stratospheric-aerosol size retrievals based on solar-occultation observations may yield systematically larger particle size estimates (median or effective radii) compared to, e.g., lidar backscatter measurements. Aerosol concentration, on the other hand, may be systematically smaller in retrievals based on occultation measurements compared to lidar measurements. The results indicate that stratospheric-aerosol size retrievals based on occultation or lidar measurements have to be interpreted with caution, as long as the actual aerosol particle size distribution is not well known.
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Yu, H., Y. J. Kaufman, M. Chin, G. Feingold, L. A. Remer, T. L. Anderson, Y. Balkanski, et al. "A review of measurement-based assessment of aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 4 (August 30, 2005): 7647–768. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-7647-2005.

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Abstract. Aerosols affect the Earth's energy budget ''directly'' by scattering and absorbing radiation and ''indirectly'' by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and, thereby, affecting cloud properties. However, large uncertainties exist in current estimates of aerosol forcing because of incomplete knowledge concerning the distribution and the physical and chemical properties of aerosols as well as aerosol-cloud interactions. In recent years, a great deal of effort has gone into improving measurements and datasets. It is thus feasible to shift the estimates of aerosol forcing from largely model-based to increasingly measurement-based. Here we assess the aerosol optical depth, direct radiative effect (DRE) by natural and anthropogenic aerosols, and direct climate forcing (DCF) by anthropogenic aerosols, focusing on satellite and ground-based measurements supplemented by global chemical transport model (CTM) simulations. The multi-spectral MODIS measures global distributions of aerosol optical thickness (τ) on a daily scale, with a high accuracy of ±0.03±0.05τ over ocean. The annual average τ is about 0.14 over global ocean, of which about 21% is contributed by human activities, as determined by MODIS fine-mode fraction. The multi-angle MISR derives an annual average AOT of 0.23 over global land with an uncertainty of ~20% or ± 0.05. These high-accuracy aerosol products and broadband flux measurements from CERES make it feasible to obtain observational constraints for the aerosol direct effect, especially over global ocean. A number of measurement-based approaches estimate the clear-sky DRE (on solar radiation) at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) to be about −5.5±0.2 Wm−2 (median ± standard error) over global ocean. Accounting for thin cirrus contamination of the satellite derived aerosol field will reduce the TOA DRE to −5.0 Wm−2. Because of a lack of measurements of aerosol absorption and difficulty in characterizing land surface reflection, estimates of DRE over land and at the ocean surface are currently realized through a combination of satellite retrievals, surface measurements, and model simulations, and are less constrained. Over the ocean surface, the DRE is estimated to be −8.8±0.4 Wm-2. Over land, an integration of satellite retrievals and model simulations derives a DRE of −4.9±0.7 Wm−2 and −11.8±1.9 Wm−2 at the TOA and surface, respectively. CTM simulations derive a wide range of DRE estimates that on average are smaller than the measurement-based DRE by about 30–40%, even after accounting for thin cirrus and cloud contamination. Despite these achievements, a number of issues remain open and more efforts are required to address them. Current estimates of the aerosol direct effect over land are poorly constrained. Uncertainties of DRE estimates are also larger on regional scales than on a global scale and large discrepancies exist between different approaches. The characterization of aerosol absorption and vertical distribution remains challenging. The aerosol direct effect in the thermal infrared range and under cloudy condition remains relatively unexplored and quite uncertain, because of a lack of global systematic aerosol vertical profile measurements. A coordinated research strategy needs to be developed for integration and assimilation of satellite measurements into models to constrain model simulations. Hopefully, enhanced measurement capabilities in the next few years and high-level scientific cooperation, will further advance our knowledge.
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Xie, Hailing, Zhien Wang, Tao Luo, Kang Yang, Damao Zhang, Tian Zhou, Xueling Yang, Xiaohong Liu, and Qiang Fu. "Seasonal Variation of Dust Aerosol Vertical Distribution in Arctic Based on Polarized Micropulse Lidar Measurement." Remote Sensing 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 5581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14215581.

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This study investigates the seasonal variation of dust aerosol vertical distribution using polarized Micropulse lidar (MPL) measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) North Slope of Alaska (NSA) observatory from January 2013 to September 2017. For the first time, multi-year aerosol backscatter coefficients are retrieved at the ARM NSA site from MPL measurements and are consistent with co-located high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) measurements. The high-quality aerosol backscatter coefficient retrievals are used to derive the particle depolarization ratio (PDR) at the wavelength of 532 nm, which is used to identify the presence of dust aerosols. The annual cycles of the vertical distributions of dust backscatter coefficient and PDR and dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD) show that aerosol loading has a maximum in late winter and early spring but a minimum in late summer and early autumn. Vertically, dust aerosol occurs in the entire troposphere in spring and winter and in the low and middle troposphere in summer and autumn. Because dust aerosols are effective ice nuclei, the seasonality of dust aerosol vertical distribution has important implications for the Arctic climate through aerosol–cloud–radiation interactions, primarily through impacting mixed-phase cloud processes.
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10

Gyawali, M., W. P. Arnott, R. A. Zaveri, C. Song, H. Moosmüller, L. Liu, M. I. Mishchenko, et al. "Photoacoustic optical properties at UV, VIS, and near IR wavelengths for laboratory generated and winter time ambient urban aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2011): 25063–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-25063-2011.

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Abstract. We present the first laboratory and ambient photoacoustic (PA) measurement of aerosol light absorption coefficients at ultraviolet (UV) wavelength (i.e. 355 nm) and compare with measurements at 405, 532, 870, and 1047 nm. Simultaneous measurements of aerosol light scattering coefficients were achieved by the integrating reciprocal nephelometer within the PA's acoustic resonator. Absorption and scattering measurements were carried out for various laboratory-generated aerosols, including salt, incense, and kerosene soot to evaluate the instrument calibration and gain insight on the spectral dependence of aerosol light absorption and scattering. Exact T-matrix method calculations were used to model the absorption and scattering characteristics of fractal-like agglomerates of different compactness and varying number of monomers. With these calculations, we attempted to estimate the number of monomers and fractal dimension of laboratory generated kerosene soot. Ambient measurements were obtained in Reno, Nevada, between 18 December 2009, and 18 January 2010. The measurement period included days with and without strong ground level temperature inversions, corresponding to highly polluted (freshly emitted aerosols) and relatively clean (aged aerosols) conditions. Particulate matter (PM) concentrations were measured and analyzed with other tracers of traffic emissions. The temperature inversion episodes caused very high concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm and 10 μm, respectively) and gaseous pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The diurnal change of absorption and scattering coefficients during the polluted (inversion) days increased approximately by a factor of two for all wavelengths compared to the clean days. The spectral variation in aerosol absorption coefficients indicated a significant amount of absorbing aerosol from traffic emissions and residential wood burning. The analysis of single scattering albedo (SSA), Ångström exponent of absorption (AEA), and Ångström exponent of scattering (AES) for clean and polluted days provides evidences that the aerosol aging and coating process is suppressed by strong temperature inversion under cloudy conditions. In general, measured UV absorption coefficients were found to be much larger for biomass burning aerosol than for typical ambient aerosols.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Measurement of aerosols"

1

Ma, Yilin. "Developments and improvements to the particle-into-liquid-sampler (PILS) and its applications to Asian outflow studies." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131244/unrestricted/ma%5Fyilin%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.

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Sullivan, Amy Patricia. "The Ambient Organic Aerosol Soluble in Water: Measurements, Chemical Characterization, and an Investigation of Sources." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-05022006-111928/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Rodney J. Weber, Committee Chair ; Michael H. Bergin, Committee Member ; Committee Member ; Martial Taillefert, Committee Member ; Paul H. Wine, Committee Member.
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Ivie, Jimmy John. "Supersonic particle probes, measurement of internal wall losses." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10953.

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Zheng, Lina. "Studies on the Elemental Measurement of Aerosols Using Microplasma Spectroscopy." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin147981742920461.

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Novick, Vincent John. "Aerosol measurement techniques developed for nuclear reactor accident simulations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10112.

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O'Grady, C. E. "Fundamental research into aerosols for analytical atomic absorption spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377568.

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The material presented in this thesis falls into three main sections: 1) The measurement of nebulizer suction and its applications. Three methods of measurement of nebulizer suction were evaluated. The potential and limitations of each method was assessed. The most reliable and generally applicable method was measurement with a mercury manometer via a T-piece during aspiration, but after correction for suction drops along all the nebulizer capillaries and across connections. The measurement of suction was then applied to practical problems in AAS, i.e. the lack of dependence of signal on sample solution temperature, and to provide immediate warning of drift in aspiration rate. 2) Observations and causes of deposition in spray chambers. The deposition patterns of aerosol lost in the spray chamber was studied using a lithium tracer. Areas of high turbulence were identified and their positions related to the deposition patterns. The nebulizer/spray chamber system was considered to fulfill a sub-sampling role and the dual roles of pneumatic nebulizer as pumps and sub-samplers were critically discussed. 3) Observations on impactors in flame AAS. Five techniques for the evaluation of the effects of impact beads and other impactors were evaluated, i) aerosol droplet size distributions ii) aspiration of dye solutions iii) aerosol sizing with a second species introduced through the bead iv) effects on linear absorbance range v) effects on the extent of chemical interference The advantages and disadvantages of each technique were considered and the value of impactors critically appraised. An assessment was then made of the extent to which an impact cup or bead may be used to regulate sensitivity in flame AAS with a view to increasing the useful working ranges of calibration graphs.
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Greenwald, Roby. "Real-time measurement of the water-insoluble aerosol size distribution instrument development and implementation /." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07072005-105355/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Armistead Russell, Committee Member ; James Mulholland, Committee Member ; Rodney Weber, Committee Member ; Michael H. Bergin, Committee Chair ; Jean-Luc Jaffrezo, Committee Member.
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McDow, Stephen Robert. "The effect of sampling procedures on organic aerosol measurement /." Full text open access at:, 1986. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,96.

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Hagler, Gayle S. W. "Measurement and analysis of ambient atmospheric particulate matter in urban and remote environments." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-05042007-171845/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Weber, Rodney, Committee Member ; Schauer, James, Committee Member ; Mulholland, James, Committee Member ; Bergin, Mike, Committee Chair ; Russell, Armistead, Committee Member.
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Liu, Lixian. "The effect of order of inversion on SAGE II profile retrieval." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25866.

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Books on the topic "Measurement of aerosols"

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Schery, Stephen D. Understanding Radioactive Aerosols and Their Measurement. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0786-3.

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Schery, Stephen D. Understanding Radioactive Aerosols and Their Measurement. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001.

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Aerosols handbook: Measurement, dosimetry, and health effects. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2013.

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S, Ruzer Lev, and Harley Naomi H, eds. Aerosols handbook: Measurement, dosimetry, and health effects. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005.

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Aerosol technology: Properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1999.

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Willeke, Klaus, and Paul A. Baron. Aerosol measurement: Principles, techniques, and applications. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 2001.

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Willeke, Klaus, Paul A. Baron, and Pramod Kulkarni. Aerosol measurement: Principles, techniques, and applications. 3rd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2011.

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Klaus, Willeke, and Baron Paul A. 1944-, eds. Aerosol measurement: Principles, techniques, and applications. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.

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Svane, Maria. Aerosol chemistry on the single particle level: An experimental study. Go̊teborg, Sweden: Dept. of Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, Göteborg University, 2005.

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Takamura, Tamio. SKYNET kansokumō ni yoru earozoru no kikō eikyō monitaringu: Tairyūken taiki henka kansoku kenkyū purojekuto : 2008-nendo hōkokusho. [Chiba-shi]: Chiba Daigaku Kankyō Rimōto Senshingu Kenkyū Sentā, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Measurement of aerosols"

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Hoover, Mark D. "Radioactive Aerosols." In Aerosol Measurement, 635–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118001684.ch28.

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John, Walter. "Size Distribution Characteristics of Aerosols." In Aerosol Measurement, 41–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118001684.ch4.

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Husar, Rudolf B. "Satellite-Based Measurement of Atmospheric Aerosols." In Aerosol Measurement, 667–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118001684.ch30.

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Dhaniyala, Suresh, Martin Fierz, Jorma Keskinen, and Marko Marjamäki. "Instruments Based on Electrical Detection of Aerosols." In Aerosol Measurement, 393–416. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118001684.ch18.

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Hickey, Anthony J., and David Swift. "Measurement of Pharmaceutical and Diagnostic Inhalation Aerosols." In Aerosol Measurement, 805–20. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118001684.ch39.

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Solomon, Paul A., Matthew P. Fraser, and Pierre Herckes. "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols." In Aerosol Measurement, 153–77. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118001684.ch9.

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Biswas, Pratim, and Elijah Thimsen. "High Temperature Aerosols: Measurement and Deposition of Nanoparticle Films." In Aerosol Measurement, 723–38. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118001684.ch33.

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Fernandez de la Mora, Juan. "Electrical Classification and Condensation Detection of Sub-3-nm Aerosols." In Aerosol Measurement, 697–721. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118001684.ch32.

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Krocova, Z., J. Krejci, M. Kroca, and A. Macela. "Measurement of Biological Aerosols in an Aerosol Chamber." In Rapid Methods for Analysis of Biological Materials in the Environment, 203–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9534-6_16.

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Carrico, Christian M. "Atmospheric Aerosols and Their Measurement." In Handbook of Environmental Engineering, 493–517. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119304418.ch16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Measurement of aerosols"

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Koie, Ryusuke, Munemichi Kawaguchi, Shinya Miyahara, Masayoshi Uno, and Hiroshi Seino. "A Study on Removal Mechanisms of Cesium Aerosol From Noble Gas Bubble in Sodium Pool (III) Measurement of Decontamination Factors in Water Simulation Test." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-94057.

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Abstract In a postulated accident of fuel pin failure of a sodium-cooled fast reactor, a fission product of cesium will be released from the failed pin as an aerosol such as cesium iodide and/or cesium oxide together with a fission product noble gas such as xenon and krypton. The xenon and krypton released with the cesium aerosols into the sodium coolant as bubbles have an influence on the removal of cesium aerosols by the sodium pool in a period of bubble rising to the sodium pool surface. Then, the cesium aerosols could transfer into the containment vessel as an initial inventory of a source term. To meet this target, we have developed the computer program AESOP that deals with the expansion and the deformation of the bubble together with the aerosol absorption and researched the sensitivities of the physical parameters on decontamination factor (DF) of cesium aerosols such as the initial bubble diameter, sodium pool depth, and temperature, aerosol particle diameter, and density, initial aerosol concentration in the bubble in previous our papers. In this study, we performed a water simulation test to measure the DFs of simulant aerosols with nitrogen gas bubbles rising through the water pool for the code validation. The experiments revealed that the DFs increased with the increase in the aerosol diameter and the water pool depth.
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Srivastava, Vandana, Jeffry Rothermel, David A. Bowdle, Maurice A. Jarzembski, Diana M. Chambers, and Antony D. Clarke. "Aerosol Sulfate Chemistry Determination from Backscatter Measurements Using Continuous-Wave 9.1 and 10.6 μm Lidars." In Coherent Laser Radar. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/clr.1995.tub1.

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Aerosols exhibit wide range of size distributions and compositions which affect their scattering properties. Measurement of a scattering parameter, in this case lidar backscatter, can provide information about the aerosol properties. Atmospheric sulfate aerosols, in particular, are of extreme importance to climate and environment (Charlson et al, 1990). Their impact, however, has only been approximately parameterized, emphasizing a need to determine aerosol properties more accurately.
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Egan, Walter G. "Infrared optical properties of atmospheric aerosols." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.fp3.

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The infrared optical properties of atmospheric aerosols can strongly affect the radiative transfer properties of the atmosphere. One past method for determining the transmission properties of aerosols depended on measurements on potassium bromide pellets (containing the aerosols) on an infrared spectrophotometer. However, for some materials there is a discrepancy between measurements made with a laser source and those made with a spectrophotometer; but for other materials there is good agreement. The reason for the disagreement appears to be in the resolution of the measurement. Typically, a Perkin-Elmer model 283 infrared spectrophotometer, with a 12-min scan and a normal slit program, will have a resolution of 10−1 μm in the 10-μm region of the spectrum. Single-line lasers have line resolutions between 10−4 and 10−6 μm. Thus, when using lasers for transmission measurements through the atmosphere, the absorption is dependent on the optical properties of the aerosols at exactly the laser wavelength. For certain types of dust (e.g., Sahara sands) measured with a sulfur coated integrating sphere and using a tunable 10.6-μm laser as the source, it is found that the measured sample transmission may be several orders of magnitude smaller than when measured with a broadband spectrophotometer. The cause of the sharp features may be a doping or natural organic contaminant in the aerosol.
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Eisele, F. L. "First measurement of prenucleation molecular clusters." In The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361827.

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Gras, John. "Maritime CCN measurement and delayed droplet growth." In The 15th international conference on nucleation and atmospheric aerosols. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361997.

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Simon, Mario, Andreas Kürten, Tuija Jokinen, Nina Sarnela, Mikko Sipilä, Linda Rondo, Sebastian Ehrhart, et al. "Measurement of neutral sulfuric acid-dimethylamine clusters using CI-APi-TOF-MS." In NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: 19th International Conference. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803282.

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Haverkamp, Danielle, John E. Sohl, Sheri Trbovich, and William Dowell. "Measurement of atmospheric aerosols using airborne digital cameras." In 2018 Academic High Altitude Conference. Iowa State University Digital Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ahac.11622.

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Case, John Arthur, and Robert W. Smith. "Photoacoustic measurement of the optical absorption of aerosols." In 182nd Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. ASA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0001627.

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Väänänen, Riikka, Ella-Maria Kyrö, Tuomo Nieminen, Niku Kivekäs, Heikki Junninen, Aki Virkkula, Miikka Dal Maso, et al. "Analysis of particle size distribution changes between three measurement sites in Northern Scandinavia." In NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS: 19th International Conference. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4803324.

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Porcheron, Emmanuel, Samuel Peillon, Thomas Gelain, Christophe Chagnot, Christophe Journeau, and Damien Roulet. "Analysis of Aerosol Emission and Dispersion During the Laser Cutting of Fukushima Fuel Debris Simulants." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81531.

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The general context of the article is related to the development of the laser cutting technique for the fuel debris retrieval on the damaged reactors of Fukushima Dai-ichi. IRSN and CEA are involved in a project, led by ONET, to bring relevant elements to analyze the risk occurred by the dispersion of aerosols emitted by the dismantling operations. Results regarding the aerosols source term characterization emitted during laser cutting of non-radioactive fuel debris simulants were acquired during experiments undertaken on the DELIA cutting laser platform from CEA. IRSN realized aerosol sampling, aerosol size distribution measurement and CFD calculation of aerosol transport and wall deposition. The evaluations performed will enable the Japanese teams responsible for extracting corium from the damaged reactors of Fukushima Dai-ichi to define the best strategies to implement containment, and ultimately to limit the dissemination of radionuclides in the environment.
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Reports on the topic "Measurement of aerosols"

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Scott, Peter D. Direct Measurement of Pair Correlation in Model Aerosols. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada232445.

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Ferrare, Richard A. Final Technical Report. Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Raman Lidar measurement of atmospheric aerosols for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799175.

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Gurton, Kristan P., David Ligon, and Rachid Dahmani. In Situ Measurement of the Infrared Spectral Extinction for Various Chemical, Biological, and Background Aerosols. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419908.

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Cui, Hong-Liang. Millimeter Wave Absorption Measurement on DNA Polymers in Biological Aerosols: Contribution of Localized Phonon and Plasmon Modes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391199.

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Marley, Nancy A., and Jeffrey S. Gaffney. Aerosol Absorption and Scattering Measurements: Field Measuremnets and Laboratory Characterizations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1079971.

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Mather, James, Stephen Springston, and Connor Flynn. ARM Aerosol Measurement Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1437623.

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Springston, Stephen R. Filter Aerosol Measurements for ARM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1494998.

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Springston, Stephen. Filter Aerosol Measurements for ARM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1507385.

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Alexander, Dennis R., Jianchao Li, Haifeng Zhang, and David Doerr. Transmission Measurements of Femtosecond Laser Pulses Through Aerosols. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419719.

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Dubey, Manvendra, Allison Aiken, Larry Berg, Andrew Freedman, and Kyle Gorkowski. Two-Column Aerosol Project: Aerosol Light Extinction Measurements Field Campaign Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1324987.

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