Academic literature on the topic 'Measured schedule'
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Journal articles on the topic "Measured schedule"
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Zhu, Hongli, and Hong Zhou. "Single Machine Predictive Scheduling Using Inserted Idle Times." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/304808.
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A single machine predictive scheduling problem is considered. The primary objective is to minimize the total completion times. The predictability of the schedule is measured by the completion time deviations between the predictive schedule and realized schedule. The surrogate measure of predictability is chosen to evaluate the completion time deviations. Both of the primary objective and predictability are optimized. In order to absorb the effects of disruptions, the predictive schedule is generated by inserting idle times. Right-shift rescheduling method is used as the rescheduling strategy. Three methods are designed to construct predictive schedules. The computational experiments show that these algorithms provide high predictability with minor sacrifices in shop performance.
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Marando, I., K. Lushington, R. Matthews, and S. Banks. "P073 The sleep, performance, and physiological health consequences of watchkeeping schedules: A scoping review." SLEEP Advances 3, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2022): A53—A54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac029.143.
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Abstract Watchkeeping schedules are commonly used on submarines and expose personnel to circadian misalignment and sleep loss. This scoping review aimed to identify the most frequently investigated schedules and examine the effect they have on sleep, cognitive performance, and physiological health outcomes. Systematic searches took place on five online databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Embase) and Google Scholar in May 2022. The inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed journal articles, industry reports and both laboratory and field studies which directly measured or compared a watchkeeping schedule used on submarines. The initial search produced 4375 results and through screening, resulted in 20 mostly field-based studies for data extraction. Sleep was the most often outcome investigated with only a few studies looking at cognitive performance and/or physiological health. The 6h on/6h off was the most studied schedule which generally demonstrated poorer sleep, cognitive performance, and physiological health than other schedules (e.g., 4h on/8h off, 6h on/12h off). This is important as this schedule is the most frequently used by navies around the world. In other schedules, sleep and cognitive performance were poorest during the biological night, whilst physiological measures were indicative of circadian misalignment. The synthesis of studies in this review provides an understanding how the currently used watchkeeping schedules around the world negatively affect submariners and increase their risk for deleterious health outcomes. The review also highlights the need for future controlled research to understand how schedules might be improved.
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Ault, Pat, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Jeff Bryan, Hillary Prescot, Yesid Alvarado, Carmen Fava, and Jorge Cortes. "Clinical Use of Imatinib Plasma Levels in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4255.4255.
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Abstract Background: Imatinib plasma levels have been reported to correlate with response to therapy and possibly toxicity (Larson et al, Blood 2008; Picard et al, Blood 2007). These studies included patients taking standard dose, once daily imatinib. However, patients are frequently receiving imatinib at different doses and schedules that do not permit extrapolation of these results. Aims: To investigate the significance of plasma levels in patients receiving imatinib at various doses and schedules. Methods: Patients with CML in chronic (CP) or accelerated phase (AP) receiving imatinib at daily doses of 300 to 800 mg, on a once or twice daily schedule had their plasma levels measured. Patients were asked not to take imatinib the day of the assessment until after the levels were drawn. Plasma levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: Imatinib plasma levels have been measured in 120 patients. Fifty-nine levels were trough levels: 35 on a once daily (QD) schedule (2 at 300mg/d, 25 at 400mg/d, 7 at 600mg/d 1 at 800mg/d) measured 24 hrs after last dose, and 24 on a twice daily (BID) schedule (16 at 800mg/d, 5 at 600mg/d, 3 at 400mg/d) measured 12 hrs after last dose. In 39 pts receiving once daily dosing, levels were measured 12 hrs after last dose as pts took imatinib in the evening because of convenience/better tolerance. Thirteen pts had levels measured at 18 hrs, and 9 at other times. Among pts with trough levels measured, median plasma levels were 1300 ng/ml (range, 388–3740). There was a strong correlation between dose and level (median in ng/ml: 943 for 300mg, 1190 for 400mg, 1310 fro 600mg, and 2180 for 800mg; p=0.0003). There was no correlation between plasma levels and gender (median in ng/mL for 28 female pts 1310, for 31 male 1300; p=0.46). Interestingly, pts receiving (n=7; 943ng/mL) concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitors had a trend for lower plasma levels than those not receiving such agents (n=52; 1335ng/ml) (p=0.06).Trough levels by response at time of assessment are shown in table 1: Response No. Median trough levels (ng/mL) p CCyR 52 1310 0.82 No CCyR 7 1240 MMR 31 1350 0.22 No MMR 28 1230 Regression analysis showed no correlation between plasma levels and age (p=0.58), BCR-ABL/transcript levels (p=0.50), neutrophil count (p=0.58), hemoglobin (0.74), or platelet count (0.47). Among 39 pts receiving QD schedule with measures at 12 hrs, median plasma levels were 1680 ng/mL (range, 600 to 3610). There was no correlation between levels and response in this group either. Repeat plasma levels were obtained in 25 pts (18 trough, 7 12 hr non-trough) with a median variability of 13.9%. Median plasma levels for pts measured 36–48 hrs after last dose were 388ng/ml (range, 280–418). Conclusion: Plasma levels measured in patients receiving different doses and schedules of administration in a common practice setting have no correlation with response or toxicity. Further studies are required to determine the applicability of imatinib plasma levels with different schedules of administration.
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Verbaeys, I., V. Tolle, Q. Swennen, P. Zizzari, J. Buyse, J. Epelbaum, and M. Cokelaere. "Scheduled feeding results in adipogenesis and increased acylated ghrelin." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 300, no. 6 (June 2011): E1103—E1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00551.2010.
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Ghrelin, known to stimulate adipogenesis, displays an endogenous secretory rhythmicity closely related to meal patterns. Therefore, a chronic imposed feeding schedule might induce modified ghrelin levels and consequently adiposity. Growing Wistar rats were schedule-fed by imposing a particular fixed feeding schedule of 3 meals/day without caloric restriction compared with total daily control intake. After 14 days, their body composition was measured by DEXA and compared with ad libitum-fed controls and to rats daily intraperitoneal injection with ghrelin. Feeding patterns, circadian activity, and pulsatile acylated ghrelin variations were monitored. After 14 days, rats on the imposed feeding schedule displayed, despite an equal daily calorie intake, a slower growth rate compared with ad libitum-fed controls. Moreover, schedule-fed rats exhibiting a feeding pattern with intermittent fasting periods had a higher fat/lean ratio compared with ad libitum-fed controls. Interestingly, ghrelin-treated rats also showed an increase in fat mass, but the fat/lean ratio was not significantly increased compared with controls. In the schedule-fed rats, spontaneous activity and acylated ghrelin levels were increased and associated with the scheduled meals, indicating anticipatory effects. Our results suggest that scheduled feeding, associated with intermittent fasting periods, even without nutrient/calorie restriction on a daily basis, results in adipogenesis. This repartitioning effect is associated with increased endogenous acylated ghrelin levels. This schedule-fed model points out the delicate role of meal frequency in adipogenesis and provides an investigative tool to clarify any effects of endogenous ghrelin without the need for ghrelin administration.
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Brockington, Ian, Anne Roper, Elaine Edmunds, Carol Kaufman, and Herbert Y. Meltzer. "A longitudinal psychopathological schedule." Psychological Medicine 22, no. 4 (November 1992): 1035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700038605.
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SynopsisA schedule is described for rating the symptoms of mental illness over a period of time which includes several episodes. The reliability was measured in a study involving six raters. The sources of information required were studied, in 20 patients, by comparing an interview with the patient, a similar interview with an informant and an analysis of the case records. A synopsis of interview and record data are necessary to obtain adequate information about longitudinal psychopathology and ‘lifetime’ diagnosis.
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D'Ilio, Victor R., and Frances A. Karnes. "Social Performance of Gifted Students as Measured by the Social Performance Survey Schedule." Psychological Reports 60, no. 2 (April 1987): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.2.396.
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Few studies have investigated the relative contributions of both positive and negative behaviors in the social performance of intellectually gifted students. In the present study, the Social Performance Survey Schedule was administered to 80 gifted subjects in a special program. To determine whether the observed differences between boys and girls were significant, analysis of variance with repeated measures was performed on the Schedule Total, Part A, and Part B means. Consistent with previous research on the schedule, girls engaged in a greater number of positive social behaviors, engaged in fewer negative behaviors, and generally had higher over-all performance than boys. Suggestions were made concerning the implications of the findings for those who may have contact with gifted children in clinical or educational settings.
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Eastman, C. I., and K. J. Miescke. "Entrainment of circadian rhythms with 26-h bright light and sleep-wake schedules." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): R1189—R1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.6.r1189.
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Subjects followed a 26-h sleep-wake schedule and were exposed to various light patterns while living at home exposed to the conflicting 24-h zeitgebers. In one protocol, a 26-h light pattern containing evening bright light was compared with a natural-light-only pattern. In another protocol, the evening-light pattern was compared with a morning-light pattern. Rectal temperature was continuously measured. Sleep times were estimated from daily sleep logs. The sleep times of most subjects conformed fairly well to the 26-h sleep-wake schedule, although the evening-light condition produced slightly better results. A larger proportion of subjects had their temperature rhythm entrained to the 26-h schedule during the evening-light condition than during the morning-light or natural-light conditions. Entrainment to the 26-h schedule was achieved in 74% (14/19) of the subjects tested in the evening-light condition. This study shows that non-24-h bright light and sleep-wake schedules can be used to phase shift and entrain human circadian rhythms, despite the presence of the conflicting 24-h zeitgebers.
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Lu, S., E. Klerman, J. Stone, A. McHill, L. Barger, A. Sano, C. Czeisler, S. Rajaratnam, and A. Phillips. "P086 The organization of sleep-wake patterns around daily schedules in college students." SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.130.
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Abstract A potential contributor to insufficient sleep among college students is their daily schedule, with sleep sacrificed for other waking activities. We investigated how daily schedules predict day-to-day sleep-wake timing in college students. 223 undergraduate college students (M±SD = 19.2±1.4 years, 37% females) attending a Massachusetts university in the US between 2013–2016 were monitored for approximately 30 days during semester. Sleep-wake timing was measured using daily online sleep diaries and wrist-actigraphy. Daily schedules were measured using daily online diaries that included self-reported timing and duration of academic, exercise-based, and extracurricular activities, and duration of self-study. Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between sleep-wake patterns and daily schedules at both the between-person and within-person levels. An earlier start time of the first-reported activity predicted earlier sleep onset (between and within: p<.001) and shorter total sleep time (within: p<.001) for the previous night, as well as earlier wake onset on the corresponding day (between and within: p<.001). A later end time of the last-reported activity predicted later sleep onset (within: p=.002) and shorter total sleep time (within: p=.02) on that night. A more intense daily schedule (i.e., greater total duration of reported activities) predicted an earlier wake onset time (between: p=.003, within: p<.001), a later sleep onset time (within: p<.001), a shortened total night-time sleep duration (between: p=.03, within: p<.001), and greater sleep efficiency (within: p<.001). These results indicate that college students may organize their sleep and wake times based on their daily schedule.
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Connon, William. "The Origin of the Composite Wheeled Vehicle, Two-Wheeled Trailer, and Tracked Vehicle Vibration Schedules in MIL-STD-810D/E." Journal of the IEST 40, no. 2 (March 31, 1997): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.2.40.2.31144kv5212xk5x8.
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In the early and mid-1980s, a concerted effort was made at the Aberdeen Test Center (then Combat Systems Test Activity) to collect vibration data on a wide variety of vehicles to create laboratory vibration test schedules. The initial schedules were published in MIL-STD-810D and were updated for publication in MIL-STD-810E and ITOP (International Test Operations Procedure) 1-2-601. Although the vehicles used for schedule development are listed in the documents and a test scenario is described, little information has been published describing how the test levels compare with the actual measured levels and how the test courses used compare with the terrain likely to be encountered in the vehicle's normal operation. This paper describes the data acquisition and analysis efforts to show where and how measurements were made and how the final test levels relate to the actual measured levels. It will also describe the test courses used and show how they relate to "civilian sector" conditions such as operation on an unpaved road. The purpose of the paper is to provide an understanding of the physical severity represented by the test procedures used and the amount of conservatism and level exaggeration (to reduce test time) built into the schedule development process.
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Hussain, Sara J., and Susanne M. Morton. "Perturbation schedule does not alter retention of a locomotor adaptation across days." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 12 (June 15, 2014): 2414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00570.2013.
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Motor adaptation in response to gradual vs. abrupt perturbation schedules may involve different neural mechanisms, potentially leading to different levels of motor memory. However, no study has investigated whether perturbation schedules alter memory of a locomotor adaptation across days. We measured adaptation and retention (memory) of altered interlimb symmetry during walking in two groups of participants over 2 days. On day 1, participants adapted to either a single, large perturbation (abrupt schedule) or a series of small perturbations that increased in size over time (gradual schedule). Retention was examined on day 2. On day 1, initial swing time and foot placement symmetry error sizes differed between groups but overall adaptation magnitudes were similar. On day 2, participants in both groups showed similar retention, readaptation, and aftereffect sizes, although there were some trends for improved memory in the abrupt group. These results conflict with previous data but are consistent with newer studies reporting no behavioral differences following adaptation using abrupt vs. gradual schedules. Although memory levels were very similar between groups, we cannot rule out the possibility that the neural mechanisms underlying this memory storage differ. Overall, it appears that adaptation of locomotor patterns via abrupt and gradual perturbation schedules produces similar expression of locomotor memories across days.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Measured schedule"
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Norris, Megan. "Examining the Autism Phenotype: The Structure of Autism Spectrum Disorders as Measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281709680.
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Reeves, Ashleigh, Christopher Gregg, Michael K. Lindell, Timothy A. Joyner, and Bruce Houghton. "Resident stakeholder perceptions of lava flow hazard diversion strategies and protective measures for infrastructure and commercial and private property on Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes, Hawai‘i." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/25.
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Decisions to interfere with the natural path of lava are constrained by geological, engineering and logistical factors; and legal, environmental and socio-cultural considerations. Lava flows erupted from several volcanoes around the world have threatened people and their property, motivating them to take actions to prevent or slow its advance by diverting the flow direction using channels, berms and explosives or obstructing the lava by quenching with water or armoring. Property to be protected has included government, public, commercial and private property ranging from cities and harbors to personal property.
The earliest known attempt to influence the path of lava occurred in 1669 on Mount Etna, Italy, but more recent experience there occurred in the 1980s-90s. Several eruptions at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes in Hawai‘i also provided abundant experience (1881, 1935, 1942, 1955, 1960 and several times during the on-going 1983- present eruption of Kīlauea). Additional experience relates to experimental tests and an untested berm on Mauna Loa. Most recently though, local businessmen on Kīlauea constructed earthen berms to protect their property and the local utility authority constructed novel protective structures around electric utility poles.
Decisions to use mitigation strategies may be based on expert scientific opinion, but public opposition has been reported to alone be able to prevent lava mitigation. In 2014, public opinions about the use of traditional mitigation strategies (diversion by berms or bombing) to protect commercial and residential areas of Puna were mixed among residents, but there appeared to be no opposition to a new mitigation strategy that protected key areas of the electrical infrastructure and supply of electricity. To help understand public opinion about this and various mitigation strategies and people’s acceptance of additional risk to personal property to help protect important elements of their community, we conductied questionnaire surveys among residents on Kīlauea and Mauna Loa as part of a multi-university NSF Hazards SEES project. We evaluated crisis experience, hazard zonation, and community bondedness, in addition to socio-demographic and cultural factors, with beliefs concerning mitigation, including effectiveness of mitigation strategies for lava flows and others hazards; financial and legal considerations; and requirements for specialized knowledge, skills and cooperation.
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Mabry, Holly, and Daniel Jolley. "Using Analytic Tools to Measure Overall Trends and Growth Patterns in Digital Commons Collections." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/dcseug/2018/schedule/1.
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Digital Commons @ Gardner-Webb University was launched in Fall 2015 and currently has over 1300 papers including: theses and dissertations, journals in Education, Psychology, and Undergraduate Research, University Archives, and faculty scholarship activities. The repository has a small, but growing number of collections that continue to show significant year-to-year document download count increases, particularly in the nursing and education theses and dissertation collections.
Digital Commons provides a number of ways to track collection statistics and identify repository access and download trends. This presentation will look at how we used the Digital Commons Dashboard report tool and Google Analytics to identify the most popular collections and where they’re being accessed on campus and globally. Using this data, we were able to write targeted metadata and include third party tools such as the Internet Archive BookReader in order to improve outreach to the campus and global scholarly community.
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Nagarajan, Balaji. "Analytic Evaluation of the Expectation and Variance of Different Performance Measures of a Schedule under Processing Time Variability." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31264.
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The realm of manufacturing is replete with instances of uncertainties in job processing times, machine statuses (up or down), demand fluctuations, due dates of jobs and job priorities. These uncertainties stem from the inability to gather accurate information about the various parameters (e.g., processing times, product demand) or to gain complete control over the different manufacturing processes that are involved. Hence, it becomes imperative on the part of a production manager to take into account the impact of uncertainty on the performance of the system on hand. This uncertainty, or variability, is of considerable importance in the scheduling of production tasks. A scheduling problem is primarily to allocate the jobs and determine their start times for processing on a single or multiple machines (resources) for the objective of optimizing a performance measure of interest. If the problem parameters of interest e.g., processing times, due dates, release dates are deterministic, the scheduling problem is relatively easier to solve than for the case when the information is uncertain about these parameters. From a practical point of view, the knowledge of these parameters is, most often than not, uncertain and it becomes necessary to develop a stochastic model of the scheduling system in order to analyze its performance.
Investigation of the stochastic scheduling literature reveals that the preponderance of the work reported has dealt with optimizing the expected value of the performance measure. By focusing only on the expected value and ignoring the variance of the measure used, the scheduling problem becomes purely deterministic and the significant ramifications of schedule variability are essentially neglected. In many a practical cases, a scheduler would prefer to have a stable schedule with minimum variance than a schedule that has lower expected value and unknown (and possibly high) variance. Hence, it becomes apparent to define schedule efficiencies in terms of both the expectation and variance of the performance measure used. It could be easily perceived that the primary reasons for neglecting variance are the complications arising out of variance considerations and the difficulty of solving the underlying optimization problem. Moreover, research work to develop closed-form expressions or methodologies to determine the variance of the performance measures is very limited in the literature. However, conceivably, such an evaluation or analysis can only help a scheduler in making appropriate decisions in the face of uncertain environment. Additionally, these expressions and methodologies can be incorporated in various scheduling algorithms to determine efficient schedules in terms of both the expectation and variance.
In our research work, we develop such analytic expressions and methodologies to determine the expectation and variance of different performance measures of a schedule. The performance measures considered are both completion time and tardiness based measures. The scheduling environments considered in our analysis involve a single machine, parallel machines, flow shops and job shops. The processing times of the jobs are modeled as independent random variables with known probability density functions. With the schedule given a priori, we develop closed-form expressions or devise methodologies to determine the expectation and variance of the performance measures of interest. We also describe in detail the approaches that we used for the various scheduling environments mentioned earlier. The developed expressions and methodologies were programmed in MATLAB R12 and illustrated with a few sample problems. It is our understanding that knowing the variance of the performance measure in addition to its expected value would aid in determining the appropriate schedule to use in practice. A scheduler would be in a better position to base his/her decisions having known the variability of the schedules and, consequently, can strike a balance between the expected value and variance.Master of Science
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Higginson, Irene Julie. "The development, validity, reliability and practicality of a new measure of palliative care : the Support Team Assessment Schedule." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317889/.
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Hospices and support teams offering palliative care have increased by over four fold in the U.K. during the last decade. However, evaluations have been limited, often because of a lack of suitable outcome measures. This study aimed to develop and test the validity and reliability of a measure of palliative care provided by support teams. Through detailed discussion of work objectives with care staff, assisted by review of the literature, the Support Team Assessment Schedule (STAS) was developed. STAS has 17 items, each scaled 0 (best) to 4 (worst), with definitions for each scale point. Median time to complete a STAS rating was 2 minutes (range <1- 15). Face validity was demonstrated by use in five settings. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing team ratings with ratings from patients and family members (or other carers) collected through interview. Patient and team ratings showed moderate correlations (rho ranging 0.45 - 0.66 for 5 out of 7 items): team ratings were usually closer to those of patients than those of family members. As a test of construct validity, quality of life (HCRA-QL) index items were shown to correlate with similar STAS items in patients more than four weeks before death (a STAS sub-scale of six items was correlated with the total HRCA-QL, Spearman rho -0.45). Reliability of STAS was assessed by comparing the ratings of different staff. Out of a total of 45 patient assessments, 16 items showed agreement or ratings within one score in 88% or more cases, Cohen's Kappas were greater than 0.48 (up to 0.87) and were highly significant (p < 0.0005). There were high correlation coefficients (Spearman's rho ranged 0.65 - 0.94). Split-half reliability and internal consistency was assessed using Spearman Brown coefficients and Cronbach's alpha for ratings at referral, at death or discharge, and on all weeks (combined). The coefficients ranged 0.68 - 0.89: slightly higher than the coefficients found for the HRCA-QL index. Serial scores of patients that improved (the majority) and deteriorated (a minority) under care, and results from first and last assessments of patients under the care of five support teams, indicate that the STAS was discriminating in practice. Although STAS was used to audit support team care the items are relevant to the assessment and evaluation of palliative care in other settings.
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Shchupak, Tatyana. "Convergent validity of two measures of childhood sexual abuse: Russell Sexual Abuse Interview Schedule and the Finkelhor Survey of Childhood Experiences." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1092.
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This study investigated the convergent validity between two classical measures of childhood sexual abuse (CSA): the Russell Sexual Abuse Interview Schedule (Russell, 1983) and Finkelhor Survey of Childhood Experiences (Finkelhor, 1979). One hundred sixty eight participants were recruited from a Midwestern university. In addition to the two CSA measures, the following measures were also compared: a subject demographic information form, the Trauma Symptom Checklist-40 (Briere and Runtz, 1989), the Simple Screening Instrument for Substance Abuse (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 1994), and Rotter's Internal and External Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1966). This study provided support for convergent validity between the Finkelhor and the Russell. The majority of participants who reported CSA on the Finkelhor also reported CSA on the Russell, with more participants reporting CSA on the Russell. Although participants' responses on the Finkelhor were positively correlated with their responses on the Russell with respect to severity of the CSA, most participants did not receive the same rating for severity level on both measures. More participants endorsed experiencing CSA by a family member on the Russell than on the Finkelhor. There were significant positive relationships between presence, severity, and duration of abuse (as measured by the Finkelhor for some participants) and scores on the TSC-40, but fewer for the Russell. There were no significant relationships between identifying a family member as the perpetrator of the CSA on the Russell and Finkelhor and scores on the TSC-40 and scores for substance abuse. There were also no significant relationships between presence of CSA as measured by the Finkelhor and Russell and scores for substance abuse. The results of this study found support for discriminant validity for both CSA measures, as scores for neither measure correlated with scores on Rotter's I-E Scale. The results of this study suggest that more research needs to focus on developing consensus on the definition of CSA and on determining how to measure frequency, severity, and duration of CSA accurately. Research on how to measure the characteristics of CSA can yield important information about the relationships between these characteristics and negative outcomes, such as substance abuse, which can be used to inform treatment.
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Flores, Diego Gonzalo. "Asymmetry of Gains and Losses: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Measures." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6578.
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The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of small monetary or economic gains and/or losses on choice behavior through the use of a computerized game and to determine gain/loss ratio differences using both behavioral and electrophysiological measures. Participants (N=53) played the game in several 36 minute sessions. These sessions operated with concurrent variable-interval schedules for both rewards and penalties. Previously, asymmetrical effects of gains and losses have been identified through cognitive studies, primarily due to the work of nobel laureates Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky (1979). They found that the effect of a loss is twice (i.e., 2:1) that of a gain. Similar results have been observed in the behavioral laboratory as exemplified by the research of Rasmussen and Newland (2008), who found a 3:1 ratio for the effect of losses versus gains. The asymmetry of gains and losses was estimated behaviorally and through event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and the cognitive (Kahneman and Tversky) and behavioral (Rasmussen and Newland) discrepancy elucidated. In the game, the player moves an animated submarine around sea rocks to collect yellow coins and other treasures on the sea floor. Upon collecting a coin, one of three things can happen: The player triggers a penalty (loss), the player triggers a payoff (gain), or there is no change. The behavioral measures consisted in counting the number of clicks, reinforces, and punishers and then determining ratio differences between punished (loss) and no punished condition (gain) conditions. The obtained gain/loss ratio corresponded to an asymmetry of 2:1. Similarly ratio differences were found between male and female, virtual money and cash, risk averse versus risk seeking, and generosity versus profit behavior. Also, no ratio difference was found when players receive information about other player's performances in the game (players with information versus players without information). In electroencephalographic (EEG) studies, visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and ERPs components (e.g., P300) were examined. I found increased ERP amplitudes for the losses in relation to the gains that corresponded to the calculated behavioral asymmetry of 2:1. A correlational strategy was adopted that sought to identify neural correlates of choice consistent with cognitive and behavioral approaches. In addition, electro cortical ratio differences were observed between different sets of electrodes that corresponded to the front, middle, and back sections of the brain; differences between sessions, risk averse and risk seeking behavior and sessions with concurrent visual and auditory stimuli and only visual were also estimated.
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Heyns, Werner. "Urban congestion charging : road pricing as a traffic reduction measure / W. Heyns." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/523.
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Urban traffic congestion is recognised as a major problem by most people in world cities. However, the
implementation of congestion reducing measures on a wide scale eludes most world cities suffering from
traffic congestion, as many oppose the notion of road pricing and despite economists and transportation
professionals having advocated its benefits for a number of decades. The effects of road pricing have
attracted considerable attention from researchers examining its effects, as it is thought to hold the key in
understanding and overcoming some inherent obstacles to implementation. Unfortunately, many of the
attempts consider the effects in isolation and with hypothetical, idealised and analytical tools, sometimes
loosing sight of the complexities of the problem.
This research empirically investigates the effects of road pricing in London, and identifies factors, which
may prove to sustain it as a traffic reduction instrument. The results indicate that an integrated approach
has to be developed and implemented, based upon the recognition of local perceptions, concerns,
aspirations and locally acceptable solutions, if the acceptance of road pricing is to be improved. The key
to dealing with the effects of road pricing, is to encourage a concerted effort by various stakeholders
developing strategies considering a range of differing initiatives, coordinating and managing them in the
realm of the political-economic context in which they exist.Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Town and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Iglesias, Estellés Javier. "Study of the ventilation system in a warehouse and a cooking school : Impact of the use of a heat exchanger system and a more optimised operating schedule." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26907.
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The motivation of this project is found on the past trend of growing greenhouse gases emissions and, also growing, energy use over the world that still remains. This trend overlaps with a more recent increase in the awareness regarding the effects of human activities towards the Earth ecosystems. Thus, the upgrade of the already-in-use systems is necessary to move towards greener and more modern technologies that permit continue with the economic growth while building more sustainable societies. Thereby, the research focuses on the improvement of the ventilation system of a warehouse building and a cooking school located in the same plot, in an industrial area in Gävle, Sweden. The current system conditions, even consisting in some cases in recirculating air handling units, doesn’t permit the utilisation of the waste heat by bringing it back to the system. The strategy used during the project follows a case study scheme: looking the system, understanding it in a complete way and designing the proper solution that fulfils the requirements. The study was approached as an energy audit: with several meetings with the company, collecting airflows data with the thermo-anemometer device, sketching the required building drawings and designing the optimal solution for the company. Finally, the project resulted in the selection of the proper air handling unit, equipped with a heat recovery system, and the design of its ventilation duct system that permit a heat energy savings derived of the heat demand used to heat the makeup air of about 67 %. Furthermore, the occupancy study helped design the new scheduling for the ventilation periods that reduce the electricity demand of the ventilation system by 30 %. Thus, was obtained a significant energy use reduction that results in a sizeable energy cost saving.
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Wockatz, Philip. ""WOW. FOR VOLVO" : cognition and affect combining forces to measure the immeasurable." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20990.
Full textBooks on the topic "Measured schedule"
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Tribal land systems: Land reform measures and development of tribals. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 1993.
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Choudhary, Kameshwar. New education policy and scheduled castes: Nature of social justice and needed measures. Anand, Gujarat: Institute of Rural Management Anand, 1999.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures. Rehabilitation tax credit: Scheduled for markup by the Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures. [Washington, D.C: Joint Committee on Taxation, 1989.
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Measures, United States Congress House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue. H.R. 1761, corporate minimum tax: Scheduled for markup by the Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures . [Washington, D.C: Joint Committee on Taxation, 1989.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures. H.R. 1761, corporate minimum tax: Scheduled for markup by the Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures. [Washington, D.C: Joint Committee on Taxation, 1989.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means. Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures. H.R. 1761, corporate minimum tax: Scheduled for markup by the Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures. [Washington, D.C: Joint Committee on Taxation, 1989.
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Measures, United States Congress House Committee on Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue. Extension of targeted jobs tax credit: Scheduled for markup by the Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures. [Washington, D.C: Joint Committee on Taxation, 1989.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Schedule for installation of the TCAS-II Collision Avoidance System: Report (to accompany H.R. 2151) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Schedule for installation of the TCAS-II Collision Avoidance System: Report (to accompany H.R. 2151) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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Office, General Accounting. Railroad safety: Human factor accidents and issues affecting engineer work schedules : briefing report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Measured schedule"
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Wing, John. "SCAN (Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry) and the PSE (Present State Examination) Tradition." In Mental Health Outcome Measures, 123–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80202-7_9.
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Edwards, Tamsyn, Summer L. Brandt, and Jessica J. Marquez. "Towards a Measure of Situation Awareness for Space Mission Schedulers." In Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering, 39–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80285-1_5.
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Wang, Qing, Nan Jiang, Lang Gou, Meiru Che, and Ronghui Zhang. "Practical Experiences of Cost/Schedule Measure Through Earned Value Management and Statistical Process Control." In Software Process Change, 348–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11754305_38.
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Madden, John J., Arthur Falek, David A. Shafer, Robert M. Donahoe, Deborah C. Eltzroth, Felicia Hollingsworth, and Peter J. Bokos. "Influence of Demographic Factors on Scheduled DNA Synthesis as Measured in Human Peripheral Leukocytes and Fibroblasts." In Individual Susceptibility to Genotoxic Agents in the Human Population, 359–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2765-3_23.
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Brazdil, Pavel, Jan N. van Rijn, Carlos Soares, and Joaquin Vanschoren. "Metalearning Approaches for Algorithm Selection I (Exploiting Rankings)." In Metalearning, 19–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67024-5_2.
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SummaryThis chapter discusses an approach to the problem of algorithm selection, which exploits the performance metadata of algorithms (workflows) on prior tasks to generate recommendations for a given target dataset. The recommendations are in the form of rankings of candidate algorithms. The methodology involves two phases. In the first one, rankings of algorithms/workflows are elaborated on the basis of historical performance data on different datasets. These are subsequently aggregated into a single ranking (e.g. average ranking). In the second phase, the average ranking is used to schedule tests on the target dataset with the objective of identifying the best performing algorithm. This approach requires that an appropriate evaluation measure, such as accuracy, is set beforehand. In this chapter we also describe a method that builds this ranking based on a combination of accuracy and runtime, yielding good anytime performance. While this approach is rather simple, it can still provide good recommendations to the user. Although the examples in this chapter are from the classification domain, this approach can be applied to other tasks besides algorithm selection, namely hyperparameter optimization (HPO), as well as the combined algorithm selection and hyperparameter optimization (CASH) problem. As this approach works with discrete data, continuous hyperparameters need to be discretized first.
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Robaina, Lidia, Juhani Pirhonen, Elena Mente, Javier Sánchez, and Neill Goosen. "Fish Diets in Aquaponics." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 333–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_13.
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AbstractFish and feed waste provide most of the nutrients required by the plants in aquaponics if the optimum ratio between daily fish feed inputs and the plant growing area is sustained. Thus, the fish feed needs to fulfil both the fish’s and plant’s nutritional requirements in an aquaponic system. A controlled fish waste production strategy where the nitrogen, phosphorus and mineral contents of fish diets are manipulated and used provides a way of influencing the rates of accumulation of nutrients, thereby reducing the need for the additional supplementation of nutrients. To optimize the performance and cost-effectiveness of aquaponic production, fish diets and feeding schedules should be designed carefully to provide nutrients at the right level and time to complement fish, bacteria and plants. To achieve this, a species-specific tailor-made aquaponic feed may be optimized to suit the aquaponic system as a whole. The optimal point would be determined based on overall system performance parameters, including economic and environmental sustainability measures. This chapter thus focuses on fish diets and feed and reviews the state of the art in fish diets, ingredients and additives, as well as the nutritional/sustainable challenges that need to be considered when producing specific aquaponic feeds.
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D’Onofrio, Grazia, Annamaria Petito, Antonella Calvio, Giusi Antonia Toto, and Pierpaolo Limone. "Robot Assistive Therapy Strategies for Children with Autism." In Psychology, Learning, Technology, 103–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15845-2_7.
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AbstractBackground: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a category of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities. Social robots offer clinicians new ways to interact and work with people with ASD. Robot-Assisted Training (RAT) is a growing body of research in HRI, which studies how robots can assist and enhance human skills during a task-centred interaction. RAT systems have a wide range of application for children with ASD.Aims: In a pilot RCT with an experimental group and a control group, research aims will be: to assess group differences in repetitive and maladaptive behaviours (RMBs), affective states and performance tasks across sessions and within each group; to assess the perception of family relationships between two groups before and post robot interaction; to develop a robotic app capable to run Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM), a test typically used to measure general human intelligence and to compare the accuracy of the robot to capture the data with that run by psychologists.Material and Methods: Patients with mild or moderate level of ASD will be enrolled in the study which will last 3 years. The sample size is: 60 patients (30 patients will be located in the experimental group and 30 patients will be located in the control group) indicated by an evaluation of the estimated enrolment time. Inclusion criteria will be the following: eligibility of children confirmed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule −2; age ≥ 7 years; clinician judgment during a clinical psychology evaluation; written parental consent approved by the local ethical committee. The study will be conducted over 10 weeks for each participant, with the pretest and post test conducted during the first and last weeks of the study. The training will be provided over the intermediate eight weeks, with one session provided each week, for a total of 8 sessions. Baseline and follow-up evaluation include: socioeconomic status of families will be assessed using the Hollingshead scale; Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) will be used to screen the communication skills and social functioning in children with ASD; Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, 2nd edition (VABS) will be used to assess the capabilities of children in dealing with everyday life; severity and variety of children’s ripetitive behaviours will be also assessed using Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R). Moreover, the perception of family relationships assessment will be run by Portfolio for the validation of parental acceptance and refusal (PARENTS).Expected Results: 1) improbe communication skills; 2) reduced repetitive and maladaptive behaviors; 3) more positive perception of family relationships; 4) improved performance.Conclusions: Robot-Assisted Training aims to train and enhance user (physical or cognitive) skills, through the interaction, and not assist users to complete a task thus a target is to enhance user performance by providing personalized and targeted assistance towards maximizing training and learning effects. Robotics systems can be used to manage therapy sessions, gather and analyse data and like interactions with the patient and generate useful information in the form of reports and graphs, thus are a powerful tool for the therapist to check patient’s progress and facilitate diagnosis.
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Kent, Alison, Shamez N. Ladhani, Nick J. Andrews, Tim Scorrer, Andrew J. Pollard, Paul Clarke, Stephen M. Hughes, et al. "Schedules for Pneumococcal Vaccination of Preterm Infants: An RCT." In Immunization Strategies and Practices, 18–32. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610022774-schedules.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Premature infants have a higher risk of invasive pneumococcal disease and are more likely to have lower vaccine responses compared with term infants. Increasingly, immunization schedules are including a reduced, 2-dose, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine priming schedule. Our goal was to assess the immunogenicity of 3 commonly used 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) priming schedules in premature infants and their response to a 12-month booster dose. METHODS Premature infants (<35 weeks’ gestation) were randomized to receive PCV13 at 2 and 4 months (reduced schedule); 2, 3, and 4 months (accelerated schedule); or 2, 4, and 6 months (extended schedule). All infants received a 12-month PCV13 booster. Serotype-specific pneumococcal immunoglobulin G (IgG) for PCV13 serotypes was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1 month after the primary and booster vaccinations. RESULTS A total of 210 infants (median birth gestation, 29+6 weeks; range, 23+2–34+6 weeks) were included. After the primary vaccination, 75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62–85), 88% (95% CI, 76–95), and 97% (95% CI, 87–99) of participants had protective antibody concentrations for at least one-half the PCV13 serotypes for the reduced, accelerated, and extended schedules, respectively. After the booster vaccination, participants receiving the extended schedule had significantly lower (P < .05) geometric mean concentrations compared with reduced (for 9 of 13 serotypes) and accelerated (for 4 of 13 serotypes) schedules, but nearly all participations, regardless of schedule or serotype, had seroprotective IgG concentrations. CONCLUSIONS A reduced priming schedule of PCV13 resulted in higher post-booster IgG concentrations but lower post-primary concentrations. The optimum vaccine schedule for preterm infants will therefore depend on when they are most at risk for invasive pneumococcal disease.
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Semrau, Maya, Alistair Burns, Antonio Lobo, Marcel Olde Rikkert, Philippe Robert, Mirjam Schepens, Gabriela Stoppe, and Norman Sartorius. "The aims of the IDEAL schedule." In Assessment and Staging of Care for People with Dementia, 1–2. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198828075.003.0001.
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This chapter provides an overview of the purposes of the International Schedule for the Integrated Assessment and Staging of Care for Dementia (IDEAL schedule) and its user manual. The IDEAL user manual provides information that is needed when learning how to use the IDEAL schedule. The schedule is a global clinical staging schedule for dementia, which allows an assessment of a person across seven dimensions (activities of daily living, physical health, cognitive functioning, behavioural and psychological symptoms, social support, informal care, and formal professional care), and provides ability-to-function information as well as suggestions concerning care elements corresponding to the level of impairments of function. Attached to the IDEAL schedule is a ‘Menu of care options’ with recommendations for interventions for different stages of severity of dementia, as measured by the IDEAL schedule.
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Raghavan, Vijay V., Toru Sakaguchi, and Robert C. Mahaney. "An Empirical Investigation of Stress Factors in Information Technology Professionals." In Information Resources Management, 1824–48. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-965-1.ch606.
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This study explores whether organizations can employ job design strategies to relieve organizational stress for information technology (IT) professionals. The effect of flexible work schedule, employee support and training, and telecommuting as potential coping resources to relieve stress were studied. Perceived workload, role ambiguity, work facilitation, and decision latitude were drawn from previous studies as potential stressors of IT professionals. Perceived stress was measured by two commonly used measures: work exhaustion and depressed mood. The results suggest that removing role ambiguity and improving work-facilitation ease work-related stress. Allowing employees to have flexible work schedules was also found to ease their perceptions of workload. Employee support and training strategies were found to influence decision latitude and role ambiguity. Telecommuting did not have any effect on the stressors. Results also indicate that the association between work exhaustion and depressed mood was stronger for males than females.
Conference papers on the topic "Measured schedule"
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Fanney, A. Hunter, Eric R. Weise, and Kenneth R. Henderson. "Measured Performance of a 35 Kilowatt Roof Top Photovoltaic System." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44230.
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A 35 kW roof top photovoltaic (PV) system has been installed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The system, located on the flat roof that connects NIST’s Administration Building to its adjoining conference and cafeteria facilities, produced NIST’s first site-generated renewable energy on September 14, 2001. In addition to providing electrical energy and reducing monthly peak electrical loads, the rear surface of each module is laminated to 51 mm of extruded polystyrene enhancing the thermal performance of the roof. A unique ballast system secures the photovoltaic system, eliminating the need for roof penetrations. An instrumentation and data acquisition package was installed to record the ambient temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, and the electrical energy delivered to the grid. Additional solar radiation instruments were installed after determining that the original solar radiation sensor was influenced by reflections from the south-facing wall of the Administration Building’s tower. NIST’s electric utility billing schedule includes energy and peak demand charges. The generation charges vary significantly depending upon the time interval — off-peak, intermediate, and on-peak — during which the energy is consumed. The schedule is divided into summer billing months (June-October) and winter billing months (November-May). During the winter billing months, the distribution, transmission, and generation peak demand charges are based on the greatest power demand imposed by the site on the grid. During the summer billing months an additional demand charge is imposed to capture electrical demand during the onpeak time interval. This paper summarizes the monthly and annual measured performance of the photovoltaic system. The monthly energy produced by the system is tabulated. Conversion efficiencies — computed using solar radiation measurements from a single photovoltaic cell radiation sensor, four thermopile-based radiation sensors located around the perimeter of the photovoltaic array, and a remotely located thermopile-based radiation sensor, are presented. Using the electric utility’s rate schedule, the monetary savings credited to the photovoltaic system is determined by combining the cost of the displaced energy with the reduction in peak demand charges attributable to the photovoltaic system. Finally, using utility provided data and the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Environmental Benefits Calculator, estimates are made of the avoided emissions of the photovoltaic system over its projected life span.
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Gendy, Ayman K., Lei Dong, and Michael J. Pont. "Improving the Performance of Time-Triggered Embedded Systems by Means of a Scheduler Agent." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35369.
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Knowledge of task execution time is a key requirement when determining the most appropriate scheduler algorithm (and scheduler parameters) for use with embedded systems. Unfortunately, determining task execution times (ETs) can be a challenging process. This paper introduces a novel system architecture which is based on two components (i) the main processor (MP) platform, containing the time-triggered (co-operative) scheduler and task code, and (ii) a second processor, executing a “scheduler agent” (SA). In the experiments described in this paper, the MP contains an instrumented scheduler and, during a “tuning” phase, the SA measures — on line — the ET of each task as it runs. The measured values are then used to fine tune the task schedule in an attempt to ensure that (i) all task constraints — such as deadline and jitter — are met (ii) power consumption is reduced. After the tuning phase is completed the SA continues to monitor the MP and can take appropriate action in case of errors. In the paper, the effectiveness of the proposed architecture is demonstrated empirically by applying it to a set of tasks that represent a typical embedded control system.
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Yaïci, Wahiba, Evgueniy Entchev, and Kathleen Lombardi. "Experimental and Simulation Study on a Solar Domestic Hot Water System With Flat-Plate Collectors for the Canadian Climatic Conditions." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91295.
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This paper presents thermal performance results of an experimental and numerical simulation study of a solar domestic hot water system (SDHW) for Canadian weather conditions. The experimental test setup includes two solar panels, a solar preheat tank, and an auxiliary propane-fired storage water heater, and an air handler unit for space heating. Experiments were performed on the SDHW system during a different season of the year, over the period March through October 2011 to assess the system performance for different solar gain and water draw schedules. Sunny, partly cloudy and cloudy conditions were explored. The test results were analysed in terms of solar fraction, solar efficiency, and the effects of thermosyphoning and stratification in the solar storage tank. Modelling and simulation of the solar thermal energy system using TRNSYS software was performed. The objective was to optimise key design parameters and to suggest an effective control strategy to maximise the heat extraction from solar collectors. The developed model was based on the experimental test setup. It was first adjusted and verified with the solar gain and water draw schedule experimental data. The results of the numerical simulations were then validated with experimental results obtained with other water draw schedule and weather conditions. Acceptable agreements between the predicted and measured values were obtained at this early stage of development. Further refinements in system and model validation are in progress in order to improve the accuracy of the predictions. Ultimately, as the final product of this investigation, this model will be used to predict the performance of solar domestic hot water and space heating systems in different Canadian locations, different operating conditions and water draw schedules.
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Kumar, Raj, Ming Zheng, and Graham T. Reader. "Preliminary Energy-Efficiency Analysis on Multi-Pulse Injection Schedule in a Diesel Engine." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1212.
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The multi-pulse fuel injection in a diesel engine is considered an effective way to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions by heat-release shaping. In this research a preliminary energy efficiency analysis has been conducted for various split injection rates and schedules using the in-house and the commercial engine simulation software. Theoretical findings have been validated using experimentally obtained cylinder pressure data for various injection timings from a single-cylinder engine. The theoretical analysis on the shape of heat- release has been made to evaluate the energy efficiency of the post injection pulses on the engine exhaust temperature increases. An investigation of the cycle-to-cycle variation has also been performed for the measured cylinder pressure data.
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Osbak, Manley, Alireza Bayat, and Carrie Murray. "The Impact of Risk in Horizontal Directional Drilling." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90742.
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The risks, associated with horizontal directional drilling (HDD) can have a significant impact on project schedule and cost. Contractors, engineers and owners are generally aware of the potential impact of this risk, but the awareness is largely qualitative in nature, and is thereby limiting for pointed decision making and the development of measured risk mitigation. Without quantitative information, industry stakeholders are without the means to evaluate risk strategies and identify appropriate risk mitigation measures in a manner that adequately develops and supports the business case for risk mitigation. As a result, the industry often has little choice other than to resort to accepting the risk and hoping for the best or transferring the risk using contractual methods. In order to move to a position of active assessment and mitigation, the industry needs quantitative information about the overall impact of risk as well as a comprehensive enumeration of risk events, the probability of occurrence and the impact of individual events. This paper looks at the general impact of risk as has occurred on 100 medium and large HDD projects. The general impact, in terms of schedule (and by extension, cost), serves to illuminate the need for structured risk mitigation. The paper also lists the risk events that have occurred on these 100 projects, as well as the frequency of occurrence, the average schedule impact and the Risk Index of each event type.
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Ulizar, Iñaki. "Turbine Engine Installed Performance Optimisation With a Multi-Axis Thrust Vectoring Nozzle." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-258.
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Advanced fighter aircraft engine performance improvements associated with the nozzle can represent important thrust gains as well as reductions in fuel consumption, with the consequent mission range extension and superior acceleration capability. ITP is currently developing a multi-axis Thrust Vectoring Nozzle concept with the necessary exit area independent control capability to allow the engine to operate close enough to its optimum condition over the complete flight envelope and at different power settings. This variation is achieved with an innovative system, instead of using the conventional double actuation system already developed. In this paper both installed and uninstalled thrust losses have been evaluated for a conventional mono-parametric axi-symmetric nozzle fitted on a low bypass ratio turbofan. The optimum exit to throat area ratio schedules are determined for the complete operating range at Max-Dry and Max-Reheat conditions. Several geometric and Fluid-Dynamic constraints have been considered during the optimisation. Two axi-symmetric schedules have been identified for the multi-axis Thrust Vectoring Nozzle, resulting in two different exits to throat area ratio independent control ranges. The performance improvements in terms of thrust are presented for both cases, showing that at almost every condition the optimum schedule is achievable. The computer code developed for nozzle performance has been validated with conventional axi-symmetric Con-Di nozzles showing an excellent agreement between measured and calculated thrust.
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Schneider, Ernst, Saba Demircioglu, Susana Franco, and Dirk Therkorn. "Analysis of Compressor On-Line Washing to Optimize Gas Turbine Power Plant Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59356.
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Due to compressor fouling, gas turbine efficiency decreases over time, resulting in decreased power output of the plant. To counteract the effects of compressor fouling, compressor on-line and off-line washing procedures are used. The effectiveness of compressor off-line washing is enhanced if combined with the cleaning of the VIGVs and the first compressor blade row by hand. This paper presents a thorough analysis of the effects of compressor on-line washing on the gas turbine performance. The analysis is based on the measured data of six gas turbines operated at two different plants. Different washing schedules and washing fluids are analyzed and compared. Furthermore, the effects of compressor on-line washing on the load distribution within the compressor are analyzed. The performance benefit of daily compressor on-line washing compared to weekly compressor on-line washing is quantified. As expected, daily compressor on-line washing yields the lowest power degradation caused by compressor fouling. Also, the effect of washing additives is analyzed. It is shown with long term data that compressor on-line washing cleans up to the first 11 compressor stages, as can be detected well in the compressor. With a view to gas turbine performance optimization, the recommendation is to perform compressor off-line washing at regular intervals and to take advantage of occasions such as inspections, when the gas turbine is cooled down anyhow. Especially for gas turbines with a high fouling rate, a daily compressor on-line washing schedule should be considered to reduce the power loss. For gas turbines operating with high fogging, compressor on-line washing has no added benefit. To determine the optimal compressor washing schedule, compressor blade erosion also has to be considered. A reasonable balance between compressor on-line washing and off-line washing improves the gas turbine performance and optimizes the gas turbine availability.
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Okita, Yoji. "Transient Thermal and Flow Field in a Turbine Disk Rotor-Stator System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90033.
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Thermal and flow field in a rotor-stator system around a single stage HP-turbine disk are investigated. In the previous work, the authors’ group applied a newly developed conjugate analysis method to the system at a steady-state condition, compared the thermal field with the measured data, and concluded that a satisfactory level of accuracy can be achieved with the proposed method at the steady-state condition. The present paper focuses on a heat and fluid flow in the same rotor-stator system, but at a transient condition which simulates a typical accelerating and decelerating schedule expected in actual aero-engine operations. First, detailed measurement of secondary-air and metal temperatures around the turbine disk is carried out in the transient condition. Then, the 3D fluid / solid conjugate analysis is applied to the whole accelerating and decelerating schedule. The results show that the transient thermal behavior of the rotor-stator system is well captured and reproduced with the present conjugate method.
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Sadakata, H., H. Iri, T. Uchiyama, K. Andoh, H. Tanaka, N. Kobayashi, and T. Maekawa. "PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON DOSE SCHEDULE OF HEPARIN THERAPY FOR DIC COMPLICATION IN LEUKEMIA PATIENTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644195.
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From the retrospective analysis of correlation between the activity of tissue factor (TFA) of leukemia cells (LC) and DIC complication in patients with acute leukemia, we have already reported an adequate dose schedule of heparin treatment for DIC can be calculated in accordance with the TFA of LC To evaluate this dose schedule, the prospective analysis was designed. Prior to the remission induction chemotherapy, TFA of LC obtained from 67 patients with leukemia (ANLL: M1;5, M2;22, M;34, M4;8, M5;4, M6;3, CML-BC: 11) was measured by Nemerson's two-stage method reported previously. Regardless of DIC complication, continuous heaprin therapy with 0, 15,000 or 9,700X + 9,000 units/day (X: logarithm value of TFA) was started with chemotherapy in patinet with 0, 0.8−4.1 U or >4.1 U of TFA, respectively. The complete remission and significant decrease of LC were achieved in 16 patients with ANLL and 5 patients with CML-BC, respectively. In 20 patients whose LC had 0.8 U of TFA or more (group A), 15 and 1 patients were complicated by DIC before and after start of the chmotherapy, respectively. DIC was improved in all of these patients. Other 4 patients were not complicated by DIC. There was no major bleeding due to heparin administration. In 47 patients whose LC had less than 0.8 U of TFA (group B), 40 patients were not complicated by DIC throughout the observation period. Remaining 4 and 3 patients were complicated by DIC before and after start of the chemotherapy, respectively. Among these patients, only one, whose DIC was due primarily to endotoxinemia, failed in control of the DIC. Consequently, in 67 patients subjected to this study, only one patient died of complicated DIC, although 17 patients (group A:4, group B:13) died of various causes other than DIC during the observation periods. These results suggest that our dose schedule of heparin is appropriate for both prevention and treatment of DIC complication in leukemia patients.
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Mirzamoghadam, Alexander V. "Gas Turbine Plant Thermal Performance Degradation Assessment." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50032.
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Knowing the sources behind degradation of gas turbine power and heat rate and the performance of other power plant equipment are critical to equipment manufacturers for guaranteeing their respective performances over the life cycle as well as to utility/plant owners for cost reasons. Many power companies are trying to improve equipment reliability by focusing on Performance Monitoring and the application of advanced diagnostic technologies. The first part of the paper describes a method to monitor gas turbine compressor efficiency, forecast an efficiency decay rate in terms of operating hours, introduce the logic leading to an optimum schedule pertaining on-line/off-line water washing, correct measured real-time gas turbine power and heat rate with respect to the new and clean reference point, and then deduce the respective turbine and compressor power contributions to gas turbine net power degradation. An example is used to aid the planning of a rigorous but effective schedule in compressor washing. The second part focuses on assessing degradation at the plant level (simple or combined cycle). The derived gas turbine degradation methodology is integrated with the overall plant performance degradation, and as a result, the maintenance effectiveness of the most recent outage can be measured. The proposed methodology is applied to a hypothetical combined cycle plant, allowing the identification of possible sources of plant deterioration with recommendations for corrective actions to improve overall power and heat rate.
Reports on the topic "Measured schedule"
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Wehr, Tobias, ed. EarthCARE Mission Requirements Document. European Space Agency, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.earthcare-mrd.2006.
Full textAbstract:
ESA's EarthCARE (Cloud, Aerosol and Radiation Explorer) mission - scheduled to be launched in 2024 - is the largest and most complex Earth Explorer to date and will advance our understanding of the role that clouds and aerosols play in reflecting incident solar radiation back into space and trapping infrared radiation emitted from Earth's surface. The mission is being implemented in cooperation with JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). It carries four scientific instruments. The Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID), operating at 355 nm wavelength and equipped with a high-spectral resolution and depolarisation receiver, measures profiles of aerosols and thin clouds. The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR, contribution of JAXA), operates at 94 GHz to measure clouds and precipitation, as well as vertical motion through its Doppler functionality. The Multi-Spectral Imager provides across-track information of clouds and aerosols. The Broad-Band Radiometer (BBR) measures the outgoing reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation in order to derive broad-band radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere. The Mission Requirement Document defines the scientific mission objectives and observational requirements of EarthCARE. The document has been written by the ESA-JAXA Joint Mission Advisory Group for EarthCARE.
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Arhin, Stephen, Babin Manandhar, Kevin Obike, and Melissa Anderson. Impact of Dedicated Bus Lanes on Intersection Operations and Travel Time Model Development. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2040.
Full textAbstract:
Over the years, public transit agencies have been trying to improve their operations by continuously evaluating best practices to better serve patrons. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) oversees the transit bus operations in the Washington Metropolitan Area (District of Columbia, some parts of Maryland and Virginia). One practice attempted by WMATA to improve bus travel time and transit reliability has been the implementation of designated bus lanes (DBLs). The District Department of Transportation (DDOT) implemented a bus priority program on selected corridors in the District of Columbia leading to the installation of red-painted DBLs on corridors of H Street, NW, and I Street, NW. This study evaluates the impacts on the performance of transit buses along with the general traffic performance at intersections on corridors with DBLs installed in Washington, DC by using a “before” and “after” approach. The team utilized non-intrusive video data to perform vehicular turning movement counts to assess the traffic flow and delays (measures of effectiveness) with a traffic simulation software. Furthermore, the team analyzed the Automatic Vehicle Locator (AVL) data provided by WMATA for buses operating on the study segments to evaluate bus travel time. The statistical analysis showed that the vehicles traveling on H Street and I Street (NW) experienced significantly lower delays during both AM (7:00–9:30 AM) and PM (4:00–6:30 PM) peak hours after the installation of bus lanes. The approximation error metrics (normalized squared errors) for the testing dataset was 0.97, indicating that the model was predicting bus travel times based on unknown data with great accuracy. WMATA can apply this research to other segments with busy bus schedules and multiple routes to evaluate the need for DBLs. Neural network models can also be used to approximate bus travel times on segments by simulating scenarios with DBLs to obtain accurate bus travel times. Such implementation could not only improve WMATA’s bus service and reliability but also alleviate general traffic delays.