Journal articles on the topic 'Measles Vaccination Philippines Zambales'
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1
Antipova, A. Yu, M. A. Bichurina, and I. N. Lavrentieva. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR MEASLES ELIMINATION." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 8, no. 4 (January 16, 2019): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2018-4-465-472.
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Abstract.The Western Pacific Region (WPR) is comprised of 37 countries such as China, Japan, Mongolia, Republic of Korea, The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Papua-New Guinea, Australia, including Pacific Island Countries and Territories (21 countries of PICTs, approx. 3 million people) etc., with a population of 1.85 billion people. Among them, China is the largest and most populous (1.3 billion people) country of the Region. Large measles outbreaks were documented to occur in the Region. In 2003, the Regional Committee announced officially about the WPR action plan on measles elimination 2005, which, however, failed. Since 2012, WPR countries joined the WHO 2012–2020 Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan performing a routine measles vaccination (national immunization schedule) or within Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). Basically, a two-dose immunization strategy is followed in the WPR countries. Since 2002, measles supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) in children were conducted in the following countries: Japan, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Mongolia, Cambodia, Papua New Guinea, and China. Starting from 2005, measles management was considerably improved, demonstrating by 2012 decreased measles incidence rate down to 5.9 cases per million population. In last years, a decreased measles immunization coverage in decreed population groups was noted in the WPR countries that resulted in 2013–2015 measles epidemic involving almost all regional countries. In particular, in China measles incidence rate was 19.6 cases per million population, whereas in the Vietnam Papua New Guinea and Philippines it progressively increased reaching 182.8, 345.9 and 548.0 cases per million population, respectively. Early children not vaccinated according to schedule, adolescents and young adults dominated among measles patients. It was found that measles outbreaks were due to missed vaccination and increased level of vulnerability to measles. Children under one, adolescents and young adults who did not receive a two-dose measles vaccination were in risk group. Analyzing WPR measles epidemiology demonstrated that refusal of parents to vaccinate children, poor knowledge of advantages related to vaccination, insufficient immunization coverage in immigrants, travelers, subjects changing place of residence, workers of healthcare and educational facilities require special attention. In 2017–2018 season, the following measles genotypes were found in the WPR: D8 — Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Japan; Н1 — China; В3 — Philippines, Australia and Japan; D9 — Singapore, Australia, Macau (China), Malaysia and Japan, Н2 strains endemic in Vietnam. According to the WHO, measles endemic transmission has been successfully interrupted; Australia, Macau, Mongolia and Republic of Korea are being verified to eliminate measles; Hong Kong (China) and Singapore (based on available information) are ready to verify measles elimination. Thus, in the Western Pacific Region measles elimination is achievable after solving current issues such as increasing and maintaining high-level routine vaccination and conducting measles supplementary immunization campaigns in epidemically important contact clusters.
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Hu, Ying, Xiuying Deng, Peishan Lu, and Hongxiong Guo. "Measles Virus Imported by International Traveler in Jiangsu Province of China, in 2018 and 2019." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2020 (February 8, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7318582.
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Measles remains a public health concern in many regions, and the imported measles cases continue to challenge the measles elimination program for most of the countries where measles was verified to be eliminated or approaching elimination. The imported measles cases have been reported since October, 2017, in Jiangsu province, China. In this study, we reported the first imported B3 genotype measles virus from Egypt and the second imported D8 genotype measles virus from Philippines through international traveling. No secondary measles cases were found after these imported cases. Our findings highlighted the importance of measles vaccination targeting international travelers in China.
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Duque-David, Princess Alexandra B., Jane G. Stewart, Angelita B. Ramos, and Johnathan M. Peralta. "#1: The Clinico-Epidemiologic Profile and the Correlation of Nutrition and Immunization Status With Outcome of Measles Patients During an Outbreak." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 10, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2021): S13—S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa170.040.
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Abstract Background Measles is a highly contagious disease that leads to substantial morbidity among pediatric patients. Vaccination has already been implemented in the Philippines, but still measles outbreak is resurgent. This study will be of importance because it can be utilized to establish the factors that lead to the recent measles outbreak. Objectives To describe the demographic and clinical profile of pediatric patients diagnosed with measles during the recent measles outbreak in a tertiary hospital in Central Luzon, Philippines; and to investigate the relationship of nutrition and measles immunization status with the outcomes of measles. Methods Cross-sectional analytic study, conducted in Tertiary training government hospital. Included in the study were less than 19 years old, admitted between January and April 2019, and manifested the following criteria for suspected measles:fever, generalized maculopapular rash, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis. Descriptive statistics was used to present data for the clinico-demographic profile of patients. A correlation study was done by determining the statistical significance of the relationship of nutrition and vaccination status with measles complications and outcomes; and the relationship of complications with outcomes of patients. Results In total, 373 patients were included in this study, 60% (224) were males; 40% (149) were females. The majority was under 0–6 months, 40% (149). Most cases came from Pampanga, 333 (89.2%). A total of 355 (95%) patients were classified as clinically compatible measles, seven (2%) were laboratory confirmed, and all seven had measles IgM antibodies, four (1%) were epidemiologically linked cases. Most of the cases manifested the classic symptoms of measles: fever 100%, rashes 99%, cough 96%, colds 84%, conjunctivitis 55%, and Koplik’s spots was seen in only 13%. As to exposure, those with exposure (49%) and without exposure (51%) are almost the same. The majority of the patients (285, 76%) had no measles vaccine and the top reason for non-immunization is the issue of the patients being too young for vaccination. The majority had normal nutritional status (72.4%). Three hundred and twelve patients reported the occurrence of clinical complications in patients with measles. Pneumonia was seen in 75% of cases and 9.3% had diarrhea. The occurrence of diarrhea is not directly correlated (P = 0.823) with the outcome of measles while Pneumonia shows a significant correlation (P < 0.001) with the outcome of measles. Death among patients was seen in cases with pneumonia. The occurrence of pneumonia is not significantly correlated with nutritional status (P = 0.083) while diarrhea is significantly correlated with nutritional status(P = 0.027). Two hundred and forty-eight patients with normal nutritional status did not develop diarrhea. Vaccination status shows a significant correlation with the occurrence of pneumonia(P =0.001). Out of the 285 non-vaccinated cases, 223 developed pneumonia. Vaccination status did not show a significant correlation with the occurrence of diarrhea (P = 0.946). Nutritional status and vaccination status was not significantly correlated with measles outcome(P = 0.605 and 0.120).In terms of outcome, 90% of the patients were discharged while 10% died. Conclusion Most were males, aged 0 to 6 months. There was a clustering of cases in Pampanga. The majority was classified as clinically compatible measles. The most common complication was pneumonia. Half had exposure to measles. The majority had no vaccine. The presence of diarrhea is significantly related to nutritional status. Pneumonia is significantly correlated with vaccination status and the outcome of measles. Most of the patients were discharged.
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Camposano, John Andrew. "Vaccine Trust as a Public Trust." Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192002002.
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In September 2019, the Department of Health declared a polio outbreak after two cases of the paralyzing disease were confirmed in the country. After outbreaks of measles and dengue in the same year, another outbreak of a vaccine-preventable disease has once again put into sharp focus the declining vaccination rates in the Philippines. Declining rates of vaccination have already been a problem in the country, but this has been exacerbated by the Dengvaxia controversy that further pushed the vaccination rates down. The reemergence of polio, after being a polio-free country for 19 years, presents another opportunity to address issues in vaccine trust.
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Fuji, N., A. Suzuki, T. Kamigaki, M. Saito, Y. Furuse, E. Miranda, S. Lupisan, R. Olveda, and H. Oshitani. "Emergence of New Genotypes of Measles Virus in the Philippines After a Mass Vaccination." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 12 (December 2008): e100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.250.
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E. Perez, Jamsie Joy, and Cleofe S. Torres. "INFORMATION SEEKING AND SHARING BEHAVIOR ON TREATMENT OF MEASLES AMONG CHILD CARETAKERS IN TIMUGAN, LOS BAÑOS, LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol2iss1pp134-145.
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This study aims to analyze the information seeking and information sharing behavior of child caretakers in Brgy. Timugan, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines and how these affect their choice of health service providers on treatment of measles among their children. Data collected from questionnaires were described and analyzed using frequency counts, mean and percentages, and relationships of variables were tested using Cramer’s V test. Findings showed that majority of the child caretakers were female, belonged to 20-40 years age bracket, married, high school or college graduate with monthly income ranging from Php 5,000 to Php 20,000. The family size was relatively small with at least 1-2 children. The child caretakers were found to be (1) knowledgeable on basic information about measles, such as its symptoms, complications, and danger signs; (2) aware of the importance of vaccination in preventing measles; and (3) sought basic information on prevention, complication, and treatment of measles from Brgy. Health Centers, and private hospital was their topmost health service provider. They sought information only if their child had been infected with measles and shared information sought to their family members through face-to-face communication. Information seeking behavior was related to their monthly income, civil status, and number of children. Keywords: Information seeking, information sharing, measles treatment, seeking and sharing behaviorCite as: Perez, J.J.E., & Torres, C.S. (2017). Information seeking and sharing behavior on treatment of measles among child caretakers in Timugan, Los baños, Laguna, Philippines. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 134-145.
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Fuji, Naoko, Akira Suzuki, Mariko Saito, Rex Centeno, Hazel Galang, Socorro Lupisan, Remigio Olveda, and Hitoshi Oshitan. "Interruption of the circulation of an indigenous measles genotype and the introduction of other genotypes after a mass vaccination campaign in the Philippines." Journal of Medical Virology 83, no. 8 (May 26, 2011): 1424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.22103.
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Fuji, Naoko, Akira Suzuki, Mariko Saito, Rex Centeno, Hazel Galang, Socorro Lupisan, Remigio Olveda, and Hitoshi Oshitan. "Erratum: Interruption of the circulation of an indigenous measles genotype and the introduction of other genotypes after a mass vaccination campaign in the Philippines." Journal of Medical Virology 83, no. 10 (August 11, 2011): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.22212.
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Ylade, Michelle C. "Epidemiology of Measles in the Philippines." Acta Medica Philippina 52, no. 4 (July 31, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.47895/amp.v52i4.385.
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Background. Measles cases have decreased ever since vaccination has been introduced through the DOH Expanded Program on Immunization (DOH EPI) in the Philippines. Elimination is the current goal. However, despite high vaccine coverage, a nationwide outbreak occurred in 2013.
Objectives. This study aimed to present measles incidence rates before and after the introduction of the measles vaccine, describe the changing epidemiology of measles, and assess the effectiveness of measles vaccination and baseline measles reporting.
Methods. National data from 1960 to 2014 were used to determine incidence of measles and describe its epidemiology. Vaccine coverage and data on measles surveillance were used to estimate vaccine effectiveness by birth cohort and age group.
Results. Reported measles incidence decreased after the introduction of measles vaccine compared to prevaccination levels (pre-vaccination: 36 per 100,000 to 73 per 100,000; 2008-2014 confirmed measles incidence: 1.47 to 23.76 per 100,000, suspected measles-5.7 to 58.08 per 100,000). A shift in the age distribution of cases was noted during the outbreak. Vaccine effectiveness by birth cohort ranged from 85-96% while the lowest VE estimate by age group was seen among those aged 26-30 years.
Conclusion. Measles vaccine coverage should target wider age groups. Measles surveillance should be improved to help in evidence-based decisions for a more effective plan towards measles elimination.
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Ogalesco, Rhea Jenny, Editha Cagasan, Christina Gabrillo, and Milagros Bales. "Understanding vaccine hesitancy among mothers: the case of a community hit by rubella outbreak." Annals of Tropical Research, October 5, 2020, 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32945/atr4229.2020.
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The Philippines has been implementing its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) for over 40 years now. However, measles outbreaks are still reported. One of the reasons behind this is parental vaccine hesitancy. This study aimed to understand conditions surrounding vaccine hesitancy among mothers in San Antonio, Northern Samar where rubella (German measles) outbreak was reported in 2017. A total of 1 6 mothers and three program implementers served as informants for this study. lt was found that despite the communication strategies used by the EPI program implementers, parental vaccine-hesitancy existed in the municipality. The mothers were considered vaccine-hesitant because of their delay in subjecting their children to measles vaccination. Analysis of the interview transcripts using the Grounded Theory approach revealed a number of conditions surrounding vaccine hesitancy among mothers. These include: (1) preoccupation with household responsibilities, (2) misunderstanding of the information on measles vaccination, (3) influence of social networks on vaccination decisions, and (4) negative perceptions about measles vaccination. The mothers’ hesitancy to subject their children to measles vaccination caused their children to be infected with the disease, and had resulted in an outbreak of rubella in the community. The rubella outbreak eventually led to vaccine uptake when parents realized the importance of subjecting their children to vaccination and when the government implemented mandatory measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination.
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Nic Lochlainn, Laura, Sema Mandal, Rita de Sousa, Karthik Paranthaman, Rob van Binnendijk, Mary Ramsay, Susan Hahné, and Kevin E. Brown. "A unique measles B3 cluster in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands linked to air travel and transit at a large international airport, February to April 2014." Eurosurveillance 21, no. 13 (March 31, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.13.30177.
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This report describes a joint measles outbreak investigation between public health officials in the United Kingdom (UK) and the Netherlands following detection of a measles cluster with a unique measles virus strain. From 1 February to 30 April 2014, 33 measles cases with a unique measles virus strain of genotype B3 were detected in the UK and the Netherlands, of which nine secondary cases were epidemiologically linked to an infectious measles case travelling from the Philippines. Through a combination of epidemiological investigation and sequence analysis, we found that measles transmission occurred in flight, airport and household settings. The secondary measles cases included airport workers, passengers in transit at the same airport or travelling on the same flight as the infectious case and also household contacts. This investigation highlighted the particular importance of measles genotyping in identifying transmission networks and the need to improve vaccination, public health follow-up and management of travellers and airport staff exposed to measles.
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Kim, Y. M., B. G. Kim, and Y. S. Hong. "Prevalence of measles IgG antibodies among immigrant workers in South Korea." European Journal of Public Health 29, Supplement_4 (November 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.524.
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Abstract Background After the national vaccination for measles was introduced in 1985, the measles has been controlled in South Korea despite the epidemic in 2000-2001. Current cases in Korea were assumed to be transmitted from outside the country. Because the dynamics and social changes of the population has emerged as important factors in the measles epidemic, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of measles IgG antibodies among immigrant workers. Methods The cross sectional seroprevalence survey was conducted in Gyeongsangnamdo province, Korea. Because the representative sampling frame could not be possible, the voluntary foreign workers who have agreed informed consents with a translated format into the native language, participated in this study. IgG antibodies of measles was examined by ELISA using the automation equipment (BEP III- ELISA). This study obtained the approval of Dong-A University Clinical Research Ethics Review Committee. Results 364 people of foreign workers participated in the study. Regional distribution for study participants was composed of 30 people in Vietnam (16.5%), Uzbekistan 71 people (19.5%), Thailand 70 people (19.2%), China 60 people (16.5%), Philippines 36 people (9.9%), and Indonesia 32 people (8.8%). The average age was 33.0 ± 6.9 years old and 86.5% of the total was men. High school or higher education accounted for 74%. 93.7% showed positivity (95% CI: 95.7-98.9%) for measles IgG antibody and 3.6% showed equivocal. Conclusions The measles seropositivity among immigrant workers in Korea was considered to be at the recommended level. Key messages The measles seropositivity among immigrant workers in Korea was considered to be at the recommended level. International cooperation is needed to prevent global measles epidemic.
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Takapur, Bheemanna, Balamuralidhara V., Chandan B .V., and Ashwin Bhosle. "Regulatory Journey of Vaccine Development in the Philippines." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, June 17, 2022, 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2022/v41i1931740.
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A vaccine is a biological preparation that induces active acquired immunity against a specific infectious disease. Vaccination is widely regarded as one of humanity's most significant achievements of the twentieth century. In terms of absolute significance, it is regarded as being on stake with some of the most significant medical science discoveries. vaccines for infectious diseases typically take years to develop because they are produced either by chemical inactivation of the virus or pathogen attenuation, processes that can take a long time to validate and also require the live pathogen.
Vaccines have been credited with reducing or eliminating a variety of infectious diseases, including smallpox, measles, and diphtheria. Vaccines proved to be timely interventions, particularly in countries such as the Philippines, where a large number of infectious diseases were prevalent. The Philippines FDA oversees the vaccine approval process in the Philippines.
Vaccines are subjected to rigorous testing and oversight throughout the development life cycle, from preclinical studies to post-licensure. To ensure vaccine quality, manufacturers must follow good manufacturing practises and control procedures.
This work attempted to outline the vaccine development journey and regulatory process beginning with the formulation and process development and concluding with commercialization (distribution).
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Ang, Li Wei, Qi Gao, Lin Cui, Aysha Farwin, Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh, Irving Charles Boudville, Mark I.-Cheng Chen, et al. "Prevalence of measles antibodies among migrant workers in Singapore: a serological study to identify susceptible population subgroups." BMC Infectious Diseases 22, no. 1 (January 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07066-2.
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Abstract Background In 2019, two clusters of measles cases were reported in migrant worker dormitories in Singapore. We conducted a seroprevalence study to measure the level of susceptibility to measles among migrant workers in Singapore. Methods Our study involved residual sera of migrant workers from seven Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar and the Philippines) who had participated in a survey between 2016 and 2019. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels were first measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit. Those with equivocal or negative IgG results were further evaluated using plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Results A total of 2234 migrant workers aged 20–49 years were included in the study. The overall prevalence of measles IgG antibodies among migrant workers from the seven Asian countries was 90.5% (95% confidence interval 89.2–91.6%). The country-specific seroprevalence ranged from 80.3 to 94.0%. The seroprevalence was significantly higher among migrant workers born in 1965–1989 than those born in 1990–1999 (95.3% vs. 86.6%, p < 0.0005), whereas there was no significant difference by gender (90.8% in men vs. 89.9% in women, p = 0.508). 195 out of 213 samples with equivocal or negative ELISA results were tested positive using PRNT. Conclusion The IgG seroprevalence in migrant workers was below the herd immunity threshold of 95% for measles. Sporadic outbreaks may occur in susceptible individuals due to high transmissibility of measles virus. Seroprevalence surveys can help identify susceptible subgroups for vaccination.
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Kabir, Mahwish. "Immunization crisis may develop due to economic crisis during COVID-19 pandemic." Pakistan BioMedical Journal 4, no. 1 (March 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.52229/pbmj.v4i1.59.
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Dear Editor,
COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis with 61, 149,391 confirmed cases and 370,478 deaths till 29May, 2020 [1]. This pandemic has shattered many economies with an estimated loss of $5.8 trillion to $8.8 trillion globally. This economic loss can result in reduction in funds to World Health Organization. Unfortunately, United States of America (USA) has announced termination of any further funding to WHO which can lead to another global health crisis [2]. As WHO is a voluntary funding based organization its main donor are America, China, Japan, Germany and United Kingdom. Among these USA is the main donor with a contribution of $115.8million alone followed by China $57.4 million, Japan $41million, Germany $29.1 million and UK $21.9 million [3]. America’s termination of funding can put WHO and child health programs in serious crisis.
Among many programs run by WHO one of the most important program is immunization of children. Immunization coverage programs save 2-3 million lives per year causing decline in measles related deaths, eradication of polio, surveillance of rotavirus, BCG and DTaP vaccination in children[4]. It is estimated that during Millennium Development Goal (MDG) there is overall decline in child related mortalities due to malaria, measles, diarrhea, AIDS and meningitis [5]. Remarkable results are achieved with measles are diarrhea immunization programs causing a decline in death rate by 73% and 80% respectively. According to a study with current success rate diarrhea related deaths can be virtually eliminated by 2030. Another successful program is “End Polio” program which eradicated polio from world except from Pakistan and Afghanistan [4][6]. This termination of funds to WHO can waste all previous efforts in developing countries.
On the other hand despite of all efforts still 19.4 million children did not received prescribed dose of vaccines. Data analysis revealed among these 60% of children belong to 10 developing countries namely Angola, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines and Viet Nam [4]. These countries mainly rely on foreign funding and Non-Government Organization (NGOs) for child health care programs.
According to WHO immunization coverage report updated on 6 December 2019 globally 100% results were not achieved Fig 1. The immunization rate was low in developing counties with high population density and poor health care facilities. People are already battling to fulfill basic necessities like food, clean drinking water and shelter [7].
COVID-19 pandemic has further worsened the economies of these counties. As a result these counties will not be able to support vaccination programs at their own. WHO has an already established network in these regions, any efforts from scratch will waste lots of time and eventually cost millions of lives. Now a heavy responsibility lies on the shoulders of world leaders to foresee this up-coming crisis and take appropriate measures. Timely management of funds by convincing USA government or by alternative funding sources can save work of decades done by global community through WHO in saving lives in developing countries.
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"BioBoard." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 11, no. 04 (February 28, 2007): 203–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030307000225.
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Australia — The Number of Biotech Jobs in Australia Increases. Australia — Scientists Invent New Parkinson's Disease Diagnostic Test. Australia — Two Australian High Achievers Honored. Australia — A*STAR's Institute of Microelectronics (IME), Australian-based BioChip Innovations and Singapore-based SiMEMS Team Up for Biochip Research. Australia — QUT Develops HIV Nanofilters. China — CAS Declares its Notion of Science. China — China Bans Illegal Trade in Human Sperm and Eggs. China — Guangdong On Alert against SARS. China — Nationwide Medical Program Halted after Device Found Unreliable. China — US National Stem Cell Team Travels to China for Collaborations. China — Rabies—A Top Killer in East China. China — Six People Tried in Shanghai for Pirating Tamiflu. China — Chinese Authorities Release HIV/AIDS Advocate. China — CEO of WuXi PharmaTech, Dr Ge Li Wins Top Science Award. Hong Kong — New Discoveries on Bird Flu Virus. India — CIPI Collaborates with CPMA. India — Deakin University to Set Up Institute for Research in Biotech, Nanotech in India. India — ICMR Launches Medical Innovation Fund. Indonesia — Indonesia to Prepare for Measles Vaccination Drive. Indonesia — Indonesia Agrees to Share Bird Flu Samples. Indonesia — Indonesia's Dengue Death Toll Rises. Philippines — Female Rice Researcher Wins International Award. Singapore — Singapore to Focus on Quality of Healthcare. Singapore — GleneaglesCRC Opens New Offices in Australia, South Korea and Indonesia. Singapore — Israel and Singapore Team Up on Research Activities. Singapore — Workshop for Life Science Held in Singapore. Singapore — Kuwait Finance Ties Up with Singapore Firm to Set Up Medical Centers. Singapore — A*STAR Invests $10 million to Focus on Bio-Imaging and Immunology. South Korea — Scientists Develop Medicinal Supplements using Carbon Dioxide. South Korea — South Korea's to Increase its National R&D Budget. Taiwan — TaiGen Appoints Dr Luke Lin as VP of Clinical Research and Development. Others — WHO Reports Promising Results on Avian Influenza Vaccines.