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Journal articles on the topic "MDX"

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Banks, Glen B., Ariana C. Combs, and Jeffrey S. Chamberlain. "Sequencing protocols to genotype mdx , mdx 4cv , and mdx 5cv mice." Muscle & Nerve 42, no. 2 (May 18, 2010): 268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.21700.

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Dempsey, Fiona C., Hussein Al-Ali, Scott J. Crichton, Charlene Fabian, Chris Pepper, Bin-Zhi Qian, Xue-Feng Li, and Christopher N. Parris. "Abstract 5294: MDX-124, a novel annexin-A1 antibody, induces significant anti-cancer activity in multiple preclinical models." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5294.

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Abstract Annexin-A1 (ANXA1) is secreted from both cancer and immune cells in response to several physiological stimuli and modulates cellular functions through interactions with formyl peptide receptors (FPR1/2). Overexpression of ANXA1 has been observed in multiple cancers, including triple-negative breast (TNBC), colorectal, lung, pancreatic, gastric and prostate, and correlates with poor prognosis and decreased overall survival. ANXA1 has also been shown to promote cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration and drug resistance, and to modulate the tumor microenvironment. MDX-124 is a novel humanized antibody targeting ANXA1. Previously we presented data demonstrating its significant anti-proliferative activity. Here we provide further data on the mechanism of action of MDX-124, notably its impact on tumor growth, cell cycle arrest and migration in several preclinical cancer models. Incubation of pancreatic (BxPC-3), lung (A549) and TNBC (MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines with MDX-124 for 24 h decreased the proportion of cells in S-phase by up to 18.3% with a concomitant increase in G1 phase of up to 33.5% versus untreated cells. This effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner and is consistent with an MDX-124 mediated increase in cell cycle arrest. After 72 h incubation with MDX-124, the migratory ability of gastric (AGS), prostate (PC-3), TNBC (MDA-MB-231), lung (A549), pancreatic (MIA PaCa-2) and colorectal (LoVo) cancer cells was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner when compared to untreated controls. Proteomic analysis following incubation of MDX-124 with a panel of cancer cell lines for 72 h demonstrated substantial alterations in the level of expression and phosphorylation of multiple key oncogenic proteins. In the MycCaP-Bo syngeneic model of bone metastatic prostate cancer, mice treated with the murine analog of MDX-124 (10 mg/kg, BIW) had a 52% reduction in mean tumor growth after 14 days compared to isotype control treated mice. In conclusion, our data indicate that targeting ANXA1 with MDX-124 inhibits key tumorigenic processes in several clinically challenging cancer indications. MDX-124 therefore provides an innovative approach to cancer therapy. Medannex initiated a First-In-Human study in Q4 2021 to evaluate MDX-124 in solid malignancies known to overexpress ANXA1. Citation Format: Fiona C. Dempsey, Hussein Al-Ali, Scott J. Crichton, Charlene Fabian, Chris Pepper, Bin-Zhi Qian, Xue-Feng Li, Christopher N. Parris. MDX-124, a novel annexin-A1 antibody, induces significant anti-cancer activity in multiple preclinical models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5294.
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&NA;. "MDX RA." Drugs in R & D 3, no. 2 (2002): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00126839-200203020-00008.

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Chechin, A. I., and C. D. Prokudaylo. "MDX-station." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 448, no. 1-2 (June 2000): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00735-4.

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Heeps, Graham. "Acura MDX." Vehicle Dynamics International 2021, no. 1 (May 2021): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s1479-7747(22)50142-7.

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Dubinin, Mikhail V., Irina B. Mikheeva, Anastasia E. Stepanova, Anastasia D. Igoshkina, Alena A. Cherepanova, Alena A. Semenova, Vyacheslav A. Sharapov, Igor I. Kireev, and Konstantin N. Belosludtsev. "Mitochondrial Transplantation Therapy Ameliorates Muscular Dystrophy in mdx Mouse Model." Biomolecules 14, no. 3 (March 7, 2024): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14030316.

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Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by loss of the dystrophin protein. This pathology is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to muscle fiber instability. It is known that mitochondria-targeted in vivo therapy mitigates pathology and improves the quality of life of model animals. In the present work, we applied mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MTT) to correct the pathology in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Intramuscular injections of allogeneic mitochondria obtained from healthy animals into the hind limbs of mdx mice alleviated skeletal muscle injury, reduced calcium deposits in muscles and serum creatine kinase levels, and improved the grip strength of the hind limbs and motor activity of recipient mdx mice. We noted normalization of the mitochondrial ultrastructure and sarcoplasmic reticulum/mitochondria interactions in mdx muscles. At the same time, we revealed a decrease in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle mitochondria of recipient mdx mice accompanied by a reduction in lipid peroxidation products (MDA products) and reduced calcium overloading. We found no effect of MTT on the expression of mitochondrial signature genes (Drp1, Mfn2, Ppargc1a, Pink1, Parkin) and on the level of mtDNA. Our results show that systemic MTT mitigates the development of destructive processes in the quadriceps muscle of mdx mice.
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Bowo, Prasetyo, Sumarmi Sumarmi, and Sri Hardiatmi. "PENERAPAN MACAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN GANDUM (Triticum aestivum L.)." Innofarm:Jurnal Inovasi Pertanian 21, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33061/innofarm.v21i1.3311.

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Penelitian tentang “Penerapan macam dan dosis pupuk organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.)’’ telah dilaksanakan tanggal 08 November 2018 sampai 31 januari 2019 di Green House Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Slamet Riyadi Surakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menentukan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman gandum. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan : 1) MD0 = tanpa pupk (kontrol), 2) MD1= pupuk kandang dosis 200 g/polybag, 3) MD2 = pupuk kandang dosis 400 g/polybag , 4) MD3 = pupuk guano dosis 200 g/polybag, 5) MD4 = pupuk guano dosis 400 g/polybag, 6) MD5 = pupuk kascing dosis 200 g/polybag, 7) MD6 = pupuk kascing dosis 400 g/polybag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) penerapan macam dan dosis pupuk organik berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan jumlah anakan, 2) penerapan macam dan dosis pupuk organik tidak berpengaruh terhadaap berat segar brangkasan, berat kering brangkasan, jumlah biji, berat biji, dan berat 100 biji, 3) macam dan dosis pupuk terbaik adalah MD2 (pupuk kandang dosis 400 g/polybag) karena dapat meningkatkan jumlah daun dan jumlah anakan.
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Huang, Ping, Georgiana Cheng, Haiyan Lu, Mark Aronica, Richard M. Ransohoff, and Lan Zhou. "Impaired respiratory function in mdx and mdx/utrn +/− mice." Muscle & Nerve 43, no. 2 (January 19, 2011): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mus.21848.

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Wehmeyer, Jeffrey M. "MDX Health Digest." Medical Reference Services Quarterly 14, no. 2 (June 7, 1995): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j115v14n02_05.

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Kempa, Martin. "Multidimensional Expressions (MDX)." Datenbank-Spektrum 11, no. 2 (June 23, 2011): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13222-011-0058-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MDX"

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Boni, Robson Aparecido dos Santos. "Regeneração nervosa periférica em camundongos mdx." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317586.

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Orientador: Humberto Santo Neto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:39:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Boni_RobsonAparecidodosSantos_M.pdf: 2053465 bytes, checksum: ae91ac2421ee67ae72964df4c510de03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A distrofina é uma proteína de membrana ligada ao citoesqueleto da matriz extracelular das fibras musculares (esqueléticas e cardíacas) e nervosas. Enquanto que o papel da distrofina e os efeitos de sua ausência são bem conhecidos nos camundongos mdx (modelo animal da distrofia muscular de Duchenne), sabe-se pouco sobre sua função em nervos periféricos. A distrofina parece ser importante para o crescimento axonal, no sistema trigeminal a sua falta leva a defasciculação do sistema olfatório de camundongos. Em casos de ausência de distrofina a eliminação sináptica ocorre precocemente à expressão de moléculas pré-sinapticas é reduzida e a habilidade das células de Schwann terminais de guiarem as fibras para reinervação muscular fica comprometida. Estes achados sugerem que a distrofina possui papel essencial na regeneração nervosa periférica. Para testar esta hipótese nós examinamos a regeneração nervosa em camundongos mdx. Foram utilizados camundongos adultos machos da linhagem mdx e camundongos da linhagem C57BL/10 como controle, eles foram anestesiados com mistura de cloridrato de cetamina e cloridrato de xilazina. O nervo isquiático direito foi exposto e esmagado com uso de uma pinça fina sem ranhuras. Após o evento cirúrgico e cessado o efeito do anestésico os animais foram acondicionados em gaiolas e submetidos a regime hídrico e alimentar "ad libitum" com ciclo fotoperiódico claro/escuro de 12 horas. Destes, um grupo foi tratado com injeções intraperitoneais de L-arginina (6mg/kg) diluído em água bidestilada. Seis e 21 dias após o esmagamento os animais foram anestesiados e perfundidos por via intracardíaca com solução de Karnovsky. O nervo isquiático foi removido e imerso em fixador por 24 horas e pós-fixado em tetróxido de ósmio 1% por 2 horas. Posteriormente foram inclusos em blocos e feitos cortes semifinos que foram corados com azul de toluidina 0,5%. As secções foram analisadas em fotomicroscópio NIKON ECLIPSE E-400 (NIKON, Inc.). A densidade dos axônios com mielina (6dias) e axônios em regeneração (21 dias) foram contados. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a densidade de axônios com mielina foi significantemente maior no mdx em comparação ao C57BL/10 (312±10,2/mm2 versus 213,8±4,6/mm2). A densidade de macrófagos e células de Schwann com restos de mielina foram respectivamente 77,6±5,6/mm2 e 148±2,4/mm2. Após 21 dias, todos os parâmetros (diâmetro do axônio, espessura da bainha de mielina e número de axônios regenerados) foram significantemente menores nos camundongos mdx. Nos camundongos tratados com L-arginina os parâmetros foram semelhantes ao controle não havendo diferença estatística. Os resultados mostraram que o papel da distrofina e do óxido nítrico são de fundamental importância na regeneração nervosa periférica.
Abstract: Dystrophin is a membrane protein that links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers and in the nervous system. While the role of dystrophin is well established and the effects of dystrophin loss, as it occurs in the mdx mice model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, have been widely examined in muscle fibers, less is known about dystrophin function in peripheral nerves. It seems to be important for axonal outgrowth in the trigeminal system and the lack of dystrophin leads to nerve defasciculation in the mouse olfactory system. In the absence of dystrophin, synapse elimination occurs earlier, expression of presynaptic molecules is reduced and the ability of terminal Schwann cells to guide reinnervation of muscle fibers is impaired. These findings suggest a potential role of dystrophin in the regeneration of peripheral nerves. To test this hypothesis we examined nerve regeneration in mdx mice. Adult male mdx and control C57Bl/10 mice were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine hydrochloride and thyazine hydrochloride. Right sciatic nerve was exposed at mid thigh and crushed with a fine forceps. The wound was closed and mice were kept with food and water ad libitum in a light-dark cycle of 12hs. One group was treated with L-arginine (6mg/kg) in drinking water. Six and 21 days after nerve crush mice were anesthetized and perfused intracardiacally with Karnovsky solution. Sciatic nerves were excised and fragments were immersed in the same fixative for 24 hours and post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide for 2 hours. They were conventionally processed for electron microscopy. Transverse semithin sections were stained with 0.5% toluidine blue. Sections were viewed under a Nikon Eclipse E-400 (Nikon, Inc.) microscope. The density of axons with myelin breakdown, of Schwann cells/macrophages filled with myelin debris (6 days) and of myelinated regenerating axons (3 weeks) were directly counted. Our results demonstrated that the density of axons displaying myelin breakdown was significantly higher in mdx than in crushed C57Bl/10 (312±10,2/mm2 versus 213,8±4,6/mm2) the density of macrophages and Schwann cells with myelin debris were respectively 77,6±5,6/mm2 and 148±2,4/mm2. After 21 days, all parameters (axonal diameter, myelin sheath thickness, number of regenerating axons) were significantly lower in mdx mice. When mdx was treated with L-arginine such parameters were not significantly different from control. These results demonstrated that dystrophin plays a role on nerve regeneration and that nitric oxide may be an important factor in that.
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Lessa, Thais Borges. "Estudo comparativo da contratilidade e das propriedades passivas do músculo diafragma do mdx, mdx/utrn+/- e C57Bl10 com diferentes idades." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-06062016-153503/.

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A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma importante e severa doença músculo degenerativa causada pela mutação do gene da distrofina. Na ausência da distrofina, o sarcolema das células torna-se vulnerável devido a danos induzidos por ciclos contínuos de degeneração e regeneração. Consequentemente, a força muscular diminui e as miofibras são substituídas por tecido fibrótico. Dentre os músculos esqueléticos afetados, o diafragma, destaca-se por ser o principal músculo respiratório acometido na DMD. Similarmente a DMD humana, o modelo mdx, apesar de exibir um fenótipo suave, este apresenta um severo acometimento no músculo diafragma, assim como observado em nosso estudo prévio, aqui descritos. Entretanto, este é considerado um modelo pobre, porque ele não consegue reproduzir, o fenótipo severo observado nos pacientes. O camundongo mdx/utrn+/- (dystrophin-null heterozygous urtrophin mice) com haploinsuficiência da utrofina, tem sido hipotetizado como um modelo com um fenótipo intermediário, ganhando popularidade nos laboratórios. Porém, infelizmente, até os dias de hoje, não existe evidências fisiológicas e funcionais suficientes que justifiquem a escolha deste modelo para as terapias experimentais. Portanto, neste estudo objetivou-se esclarecer a real contribuição do camundongo mdx/utrn+/- para as terapias experimentais. Para testar esta hipótese, elegeu-se analisar a morfologia e a função muscular do músculo diafragma do mdx e mdx/utrn+/- com 2 e 6 meses de idade. Para elucidar a morfopatologia do diafragma foi utilizado microscopia de luz e análises de imunohistoquímica. A função muscular do diafragma foi analisada através da avaliação das propriedades contráteis e passivas. A forma de como executar a função muscular do diafragma foi atualizada através da criação de dois clips, os quais permitiram avaliar o músculo de forma segura. A adaptação de um novo protocolo de avaliação da função muscular mostrou-se eficaz e capaz de ser utilizada para avaliar as propriedades contráteis e passivas. Aos 2 meses de idade, as colorações de Hematoxilina e eosina, Tricômio de Masson e Alizarina vermelha revelaram que o mdx/utrn+ apresentou maior quantidade de infiltrado inflamatório, tecido conectivo e áreas de calcificação do que o mdx. Já aos 6 meses de idade, não houve diferença morfológica entre o mdx e o mdx/utrn+/-. Na análise de imunohistoquímica para eMyHC (miosina embrionária de cadeia pesada eMyHC), não foi observada diferença entre o mdx e o mdx/utrn+/-aos 2 e 6 meses de idade. Entretanto, os resultados obtidos em ambas as idades, demonstraram a presença de regeneração muscular. Na marcação da proteína distrofina e utrofina, as células inflamatórias e os tipos de fibras musculares também foram detectados por imunohistoquímicas. A marcação da proteína distrofina, mostrou-se ausente no mdx e mdx/utrn+/- com 2 e 6 meses de idade. A marcação da proteína utrofina mostrou-se mais evidente no mdx do que no mdx/utrn+/-, videnciando a haploinsuficiência nos mdx/utrn+/-. Macrófagos foram encontrados em maior quantidade no camundongo mdx/utrn+/- com 2 e 6 meses do que no mdx, mostrando que o processo de inflamação encontrou-se aumentado nos mdx/utrn+/- Neutrófilos encontraram-se aumentados no mdx/utrn+/- com 2 meses, evidenciando a fase aguda da inflamação. Entretanto nos animais de 6 meses, quantidades semelhantes de neutrófilos foram detectadas no mdx/utrn+/- e mdx. Fibras marcadas pelas isoformas MyHC- I, IIa e IIx foram detectadas em maior porcentagem no BL10 do que no mdx e mdx/utrn+/- aos 2 meses de idade, demonstrando que a diminuição destas, no mdx e mdx/utrn+/- pode colaborar para a diminuição da força nestes animais. Aos 6 meses, porcentagem similares de MyHC- I foram detectadas no BL10, mdx e mdx/utrn+/-. MyHC-IIa não foram encontradas nos animais de 6 meses. MyHC-IIx encontraram-se em maior porcentagem no BL10 do que no mdx e mdx/utrn+/- com 6 meses de idade. Baixa porcentagem de isoformas de MyHC- I/IIa foram detectadas no mdx e mdx/utrn+/- aos 2 e 6 meses de idade e encontraram-se ausentes no BL10 de mesma idade. Fibras marcadas pela isoformas MyHC-IIa/IIx apresentaram-se aumentadas no mdx e mdx/utrn+/- aos 2 e 6 meses, podendo este aumento auxiliar na manutenção da força muscular. MyHC-IIx-IIb foram detectadas em maior porcentagem no mdx, reduzidas no BL10 e ausentes no mdx/utrn+/- com 2 meses de idade. Estas não foram identificadas nos animais de 6 meses. As propriedades contráteis do camundongo mdx/utrn+/- aos 2 meses de idade apresentaram-se mais comprometidas do que no mdx. Pt (contração isométrica máxima), sPt (força específica de Pt), Po (Força tetânica máxima) e sPo (força específica de Po) exibiram-se mais afetadas no mdx/utrn+/- do que no mdx. Porém aos 6 meses de idade não houve diferença significativa de força entre o mdx/utrn+/- e o mdx. As propriedades passivas do mdx/utrn+/- com 2 meses apresentou mais acometida do que no mdx. Entretanto, aos 6 meses, esta propriedade não se diferenciou entre o mdx/utrn+/- e o mdx. Em suma, conclui-se que o mdx/utrn+/- representa um modelo superior ao mdx com 2 meses de idade, uma vez que este apresentou morfologia, propriedades contráteis e passiva mais comprometidas do que no mdx. Aos 6 meses as propriedades contráteis e passivas e morfológicas do camundongo mdx/utrn+/- não se diferenciou do mdx. Sugerimos que o uso do mdx/utrn+/- com 2 meses de idade pode potencializar os testes pré-clinicos
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an important and severe muscle wasting disease caused by a dystrophin mutation. In the absence of dystrophin, sarcolemma becomes vulnerable to damage due a damage caused by continuous cycles of degeneration regeneration. Consequently, the muscle force reduces and the myofibers are replaced by fibrotic tissue. Between the skeletal muscles, the diaphragm is main affected muscle in DMD. Similarly, to a human DMD, despite the mdx model exhibit a milder phenotype, he presents the diaphragm muscle severely affected, as it was observed in our previous study, here described. However, it is also considered a poor model because it cannot reproduce the severe dystrophic phenotype seen in patients. An utrophin heterozygous utrophin mice (mdx/utrn+/- ), has been hypothesized as an intermediate model and they are gaining popularity in many laboratories. However unfortunately there is currently, no physiological enough evidence to justify the choice of this model for experimental therapies. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the real contribution of the mdx/utrn+/- for the experimental therapies. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the diaphragm muscle morphology and muscle function of the mdx and mdx/utrn+/- with 2 and 6 months. To elucidate the diaphragm morphology, we used light microscopy techniques and immunostaining analysis. Muscle function was evaluated through the active and passive properties. The clamps allowed to safe evaluate the diaphragm function. The update of the new protocol was efficient and able to evaluate the active and passive properties. At 2 months, the Hematoxylin and eosin, Masson Thrichome, Alisarine red, revealed that the mdx/utrn+ showed more inflammatory infiltrate, connective tissue and more areas with calcification than mdx model. At 6 months, there was no significant differences between mdx and mdx/utrn+. In the immunohistochemical analysis for eMyHC (embryonic myosin heavy chain), there was no difference between mdx and mdx/utrn+/- at 2 and 6 months. However, the results obtained in both ages, showed muscle regeneration Marking for dystrophin and utrophin protein, inflammatory cells and fiber type were also detected by immunohistochemistry. Marking for dystrophin was absent in mdx and mdx/utrn+/- with 2 and 6 months. Marking for utrophin protein was more evident in mdx than in mdx/utrn+/- mice, evidencing the utrophin haploinsufficiency in mdx/utr+/-. Macrophages were increased in mdx/utrn+/- than in mdx mice with 2 and 6 months, showing an inflammation. Neutrophils were increased in mdx/utrn+/- at 2 month-old, evidencing the acute phase of inflammation. However, at 6 months similar amounts of neutrophil were detected in mdx and mdx/utrn+/-. Fibers marked by MyHC-I, IIa and IIx were detected in a higher percentage in BL10 than in mdx and mdx/utrn+/- at 2 months, showing that this change could collaborate with force decrease in these animals. At 6 months, similar percentage of MyHC-I was detected in BL10, mdx and mdx/utrn+/-. MyHC-IIa animals were not found at 6 months. Higher percentage of MyHC-IIx was found in BL10 than in mdx and mdx/utrn+/- with 6 months. Low percentage of MyHC- I/IIa was detected in mdx and mdx/utrn+/- at 2 and 6 months and it was absent in BL10 in the same age. Fibers marked by MyHC-IIa/IIx isoforms were increased in mdx and mdx/utrn+/- with 2 and 6 months. These changes could help to maintain the muscle force. MyHC-IIx-IIb was detected in higher percentage in mdx, reduced the BL10 and it was absent in mdx/utrn+/- with 2 months. MyHC-IIx-IIb was not identified in the animals with 6 months. Contractile properties in mdx/utrn+/- at 2 months were more affected than in mdx mice. Pt (maximal twitch force), sPt (specific twitch force), Po (maximal tetanic force) and sPo (specific tetanic force) showed more severely affected in mdx/utrn+/- than in mdx mice. At 6 months there were no significant difference in Pt, sPt, Po and sPo between mdx/utrn+/- and mdx mice. Passive properties of mdx/utrn+/- with 2 months presented more affected than the in mdx mice. However, at 6 months, this property did not differ between mdx/utrn+/- and mdx mice. In summary, we concluded that the mdx/utrn+/- at 2 month represent a superior model than the mdx with matched-age, since they presented morphology and contractile and passive properties more compromised than mdx mice. At 6 months, the mdx/utrn+/-contractile and the passive properties and morphology did not differ from the mdx mice age-matched. We suggest that the use of mdx/utrn+/- with 2 months-old would represent would represent a better model to test the potential of the therapies than mdx mice
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Calyjur, Priscila Clara. "Efeitos da mutação mdx no background 129/Sv." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-17072015-142001/.

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O camundongo mdx, modelo murino para a Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) possui uma mutação de ponto no gene da distrofina que resulta na ausência da proteína no músculo, porém seu fenótipo é brando o que o torna um bom modelo genético e molecular, mas não um bom modelo funcional. Esperando obter um modelo para DMD que tivesse um fenótipo mais fiel ao apresentado pelos pacientes humanos, optou-se por transferir a mutação mdx para o background 129/Sv. Através de cruzamentos sucessivos foram obtidas 3 gerações de animais mdx com background 129/Sv (mdx129) e cada geração foi avaliada funcionalmente por 6 meses. Desde a primeira geração é possível observar que os animais mdx129 são mais fortes do que os mdx originais em background C57BL (mdxC57BL), sendo o oposto do esperado no início dos experimentos. O estudo então foi redirecionado para tentar entender o motivo dessa melhora. Em relação ao padrão histológico, em geral há diferenças entre o mdxC57BL e mdx129. Observa-se também que os animais mdx129 entram no processo de degeneração mais tardiamente que os animais mdxC57BL e seu processo de regeneração se estende por mais tempo. Através de estudos de microarray foi possível observar que os animais 129/Sv apresentam poucos genes diferencialmente expressos (GDEs) em relação aos animais C57BL, portanto os dois backgrounds são muito semelhantes. O mdxC57BL apresenta muito mais GDEs em relação ao seu selvagem (C57BL) do que o mdx129 em relação ao 129/Sv, entretanto, ambos os modelos apresentam mais genes superexpressos do que subexpressos, indicando que as alterações distróficas e regenerativas estão mais associadas com a ativação do que a repressão de genes. Quando os GDEs de ambos os modelos de mdx são distribuídos em categorias funcionais, há o predomínio de genes ligados ao sistema imune e quando essa categoria é omitida para melhor visualização das restantes, observa se que ambos os modelos apresentam categorias funcionais semelhantes, porém com proporções diferentes. No modelo mdx129 se destaca a diminuição da participação da categoria de rota endo/exocítica (tráfego de vesículas) e homeostase e aumento da participação das categorias de matiz extracelular e atividade enzimática. Cada modelo apresenta genes exclusivos, destacando os genes SPP1 e IL1RN na comparação 129/Sv x mdx129F3. O gene SPP1 codifica a proteína osteopontina (OPN) e o polimorfismo rs28357094 neste gene é utilizado como biomarcador de prognóstico para DMD. O papel da OPN na progressão da distrofia não é bem conhecido. Alguns estudos afirmam que a ausência dessa proteína melhora a força muscular de camundongos mdx, enquanto outros apontam que sua participação é necessária para a regeneração muscular. Assim sendo, mais estudos serão necessários para verificar qual seria a via responsável pela melhora fenotípica do modelo mdx129. Já o gene IL1RN codifica a proteína IL-1Ra, a qual é um antagonista de interleucina 1 (citocina pró-inflamatória e pró fibrótica). Portanto o aumento da expressão do gene de seu antagonista sugere que os animais mdx129F3 podem estar mais protegidos do processo inflamatório causado por essas moléculas. Quando analisadas as listas filtradas para músculo esquelético das comparações C57BL x mdxC57BL e 129/Sv x mdx129F3 para a formação de vias metabólicas, foi gerada apenas uma via em ambas as comparações com número relevante de moléculas. A via gerada pela análise da lista C57BL x mdxC57BL possui mais moléculas do que a via gerada pela analise da lista 129/Sv x mdx129F3, porém, todas as moléculas presentes nesta via, estão presentes na via C57BL x mdxC57BL, indicando que mesmo com número diferente de moléculas envolvidas, os genes participam das mesmas vias. Tanto a comparação de cada geração de mdx129 com o 129/Sv como a comparação das gerações entre si mostram que os efeitos da mudança de background estão presentes desde a primeira geração e não se alteram significativamente com os cruzamentos sucessivos.
The mdx mouse, murine model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) has a point mutation in the dystrophin gene that results in the absence of the protein in the muscle, however its phenotype is mild, which makes it a good genetic and molecular model, but not a good functional model. Hoping to obtain a model for DMD with a phenotype that is more similar the patients\', it was chosen to transfer the mdx mutation to the 129/Sv background. Through successive breedings, 3 generations of mdx animals with 129/Sv background were obtained and each generation was functionally evaluated for 6 months. Since the first generation it is possible to observe that the mdx129 animals are stronger than the original mdx with C57BL background. The results were the opposite of what was expected in the beginning of the experiments, therefore the study was redirectioned to try to understand the reason of the improved phenotype. About the general histological pattern, there are differences between mdxC57BL and mdx129. It can be observed that the mdx129 animals enter the degenerative process later than the mdxC57BL animals and the regenerative process lasts longer. Through microarray studies it was possible to observe that the 129/Sv animals present few differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparison to the C57BL animals; therefore both backgrounds are very similar. The mdxC57BL presents many more DEGs in comparison to C57BL than mdx129 in comparison to 129/Sv, however both models present more super expressed genes than sub expressed, indicating that the dystrophic and regenerative alterations are more associated to the activation rather than the repression of genes. When the DEGs of both mdx models are distributed in functional categories, there is the predominance of genes related to the immune system and when this category is omitted for the better visualization of the remaining, it can be observed that both models present similar functional categories, but with different proportions. In the mdx129 model we can highlight the decrease in participation of the endo/exocytic pathway (vesicle traffic) and homeostasis categories, and increase in participation of the extracellular matrix and enzymatic activity categories. Each model presents exclusive genes, highlighting SPP1 and IL1RN in the comparison 129/Sv x mdx129F3. SPP1 encodes the protein osteopontina (OPN) and the polymorphism rs28357094 in this gene is used as a DMD prognostic biomarker. The role of OPN in the dystrophy progression is not well known. Some studies claim that the absence of OPN increases the muscle strength of the mdx mouse, while others indicate that its participation is necessary to muscle regeneration. More studies are needed to ascertain what pathway is responsible for the phenotypic improvement of the mdx129 model. The IL1RN gene encodes the protein IL-1Ra, and interleukin 1 antagonist, which is a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine. Therefore, the increase in the expression of its antagonist suggests that the mdx129F3 animals may be more protected from the inflammatory process caused by these molecules. When the filtered lists for skeletal muscle of the comparisons C57BL x mdxC57BL e 129/Sv x mdx129F3 were analyzed for the formation of metabolic pathways, only one pathway was generated in both comparisons. The pathway generated in the analysis C57BL x mdxC57BL has more molecules that the one generated by the 129/Sv x mdx129F3 list, but all molecules present in the latter are also present in the former, indicating that even with different numbers of molecules involved, the genes participate in the same pathways. The comparisons of each generation of mdx129 with the 129/Sv and the comparison of the generations among each other show that the effects of the background change are present since the first generation and are not altered with the successive breedings.
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4

Pinto, Leslie Cristina. "Perfis das distroglicanas e morfo-fisiologia do lobo ventral da prostata de camundongos distroficos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/318014.

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Orientador: Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon Quitete
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: A distroglicana (DG) é uma importante proteína estrutural a qual está envolvida no desenvolvimento celular epitelial, formação de membrana basal e manutenção da integridade de diferentes tecidos. Estudos indicaram que a alteração na expressão da DG é um evento freqüente nas malignecências humanas e sugerem que esta molécula tem um papel importante no desenvolvimento de tumor. No câncer de próstata, verificou-se expressiva redução das distroglicanas, especialmente da _-DG, acarretando em progressão tumoral e ocorrência de metástases. Desta maneira, alterações na expressão das distroglicanas podem ser relevantes na patogênese das doenças prostáticas. Além disto, estas moléculas fazem parte de um complexo glicoproteíco e estão relacionadas a uma série de proteínas tais como, agrinas, lamininas e a distrofina. Devido à deficiência de distrofina, este complexo está desestruturado na distrofia muscular de Duchenne e, no camundongo mdx. Este trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar a estrutura epitelial e estromal do lobo ventral da próstata do camundongo mdx, identificar a ocorrência de receptores para distroglicanas _ e _, IGF-1, laminina _-3, estabelecer correlações entre os processos de proliferação e morte celular e analisar a viabilidade do camundongo mdx como modelo experimental no estudo de patologias prostáticas. Um total de 30 animais (15 C57BL10 e 15 mdx) foi dividido em 2 grupos experimentais: controle e mdx. Amostras do lobo ventral da próstata foram coletadas para análises macroscópicas, imunohistoquímicas, microscopias de luz e eletrônica de transmissão e análises morfométricas. Dosagens sorológicas de estradiol e testosterona foram realizadas. Os resultados mostraram que os níveis séricos de testosterona foram significativamente diminuídos nos camundongos mdx em relação aos controles. Em contraste, os níveis séricos de estradiol do grupo mdx mostraram-se significativamente aumentados em relação ao controle. Acentuada atrofia celular, ocorrência de neoplasia intraepitelial prostática, hipertrofia estromal, presença de células inflamatórias e hipertrofia estromal foram evidenciadas nos animais mdx. A intensidade da reação de imunolocalização da distroglicana foi de fraca expressão em relação ao controle, assim como a da laminina. Já a imunolocalização do IGF foi intensa em relação ao controle. Conclui-se que os animais mdx apresentaram alterações significativas na integridade estrutural e molecular prostática, com sinais de aumento do processo proliferativo, comprometendo a homeostase glandular e o processo reprodutivo destes animais.
Abstract: The prostate is a fundamental accessory sex gland for the male reproductive process and the stroma-epithelium interaction has an important role in prostate structural maintenance and function. The basal membrane is an interaction link, offering mechanical and physiological support. Nowadays, different studies suggest that dystroglycan (DG), which is an adhesion protein, plays a role in different types of cancer development and progression, including that of the prostate. Thus, the aims of this work were to characterize structural, ultrastructural and proliferative features of the prostatic stroma and epithelium of mdx mice; to verify the immunolocalization of the _ and ß dystroglycan, IGF-I and laminin _3 receptors; and to relate those structural and molecular events to prostate pathogenesis as well as to verify the viability of this experimental model in prostate disease studies. Thirty male mice (mdx and C57BL10/Uni) were divided into two groups: control and mdx. Samples from the ventral prostate were collected for immunological, Western Blotting, transmission electron and light microscopies and morphometrical analyses. Estradiol and testosterone measurements were verified. The results showed diminished testosterone and increased estradiol levels in the mdx group. Atrophied cells, stromal hypertrophy and prostatic intraepithelial were verified in the mdx mice. Weak _ and ß dystroglycan and laminin _3 immunolocalization was verified in the mdx group. However, intense IGF-I receptor localization was identified in the mdx animals. Thus, it was concluded that mdx animals presented changes in the molecular and structural integrity and proliferation signals, leading to glandular pathogenesis, compromising prostate homeostasis and the reproductive process. Apart from this, the destructuring of the dystroglycandystrophin complex can be considered a trigger factor for prostate pathogenesis. It can also point towards that the steroid-hormone and IGF relationship can be an alternative towards new therapies to treat prostatic diseases.
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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5

Hermes, Túlio de Almeida 1991. "Influência do cilostazol na degeneração muscular de camundongos MDX." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317502.

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Orientador: Elaine Minatel
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Estresse oxidativo e resposta inflamatória exacerbada são fatores que contribuem com a fisiopatogênese da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD). No presente trabalho, avaliamos se a administração de Cilostazol, antes que se iniciem os ciclos degeneração/regeneração, diminui a degeneração muscular em camundongos mdx, modelo experimental da DMD. Nossa hipótese é que o Cilostazol possa apresentar efeito benéfico sobre as fibras musculares distróficas, uma vez que, este apresenta efeitos anti-inflamatório (reduzindo a expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias como o TNF-?, IL-1? e IL-6) e antioxidante (diminuindo a atividade de superóxido e eliminando radicais hidroxilas). Para verificar o efeito do cilostazol sobre as fibras musculares distróficas, camundongos mdx, com 14 dias de vida, receberam por gavagem 100 mg/kg de Cilostazol, por 14 dias consecutivos (grupo mdxC). Camundongos mdx não tratados (grupo mdx) e da linhagem C57BL/10 (grupo Ctrl) foram utilizados como controle. A análise de medida de força realizada em todos os animais (antes e após o período de tratamento) demonstrou que os animais do grupo mdxC apresentaram maior força muscular (cerca de 32%) em relação ao grupo mdx. Na análise bioquímica da degeneração muscular (análise de creatina quinase- CK em amostras de sangue), observou-se aumento significativo nos níveis séricos de CK nos camundongos mdx em relação aos animais controle e redução significativa de 63,2% deste aumento nos mdx tratados com Cilostazol. Na análise histológica dos músculos bíceps braquial (BB), diafragma (DIA) e tibial anterior (TA), verificou-se redução de 93,6% de fibras em degeneração (indicadas pela marcação com azul de Evans) no músculo BB, redução de 66,6% e 36,7% de fibras regeneradas (indicadas pela presença de núcleo centralizado) nos músculos TA e DIA, respectivamente e redução de 39,1% na área de inflamação no músculo BB dos animais do grupo mdxC em relação ao grupo mdx. Através da técnica de western blotting, moléculas envolvidas no processo inflamatório como o TNF-? e NF-?B e um dos produtos da peroxidação lipídica, o 4-HNE, foram analisados nos músculos BB, DIA e TA. Nos animais do grupo mdxC, observou-se diminuição significativa no conteúdo de TNF-? nos músculos DIA (48,5%), TA (35,4%) e BB (45,9%) em relação ao controle. O conteúdo de NF-?B apresentou-se reduzido 25,9% no músculo DIA. O conteúdo de 4-HNE reduziu nos músculos analisados do grupos mdxC, porém esta redução não foi significativa. Na reação Dihydroetidio (DHE) para detecção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, o tratamento com Cilostazol demonstrou ser potencialmente eficaz contra o estresse oxidativo, reduzindo a marcação de DHE em 36,8%, 40,4%, e 75,4% nos músculos BB, TA e DIA, respectivamente. Na análise de vascularização, observamos que os animais tratados com Cilostazol apresentaram aumento da densidade de microvasos no tecido muscular (cerca de 42,7% para o músculo BB e 15,3% para o músculo DIA). Em relação à análise da atividade antioxidante no músculo quadríceps (QUA), identificamos aumento na quantidade de GSH (33,1%) e na atividade da GR (89,1%), no grupo mdx em relação ao Ctrl. Em relação ao tratamento, este não apresentou efeito sobre a atividade antioxidante. O conjunto dos resultados nos permite sugerir que o Cilostazol apresenta potencial efeito benéfico sobre as fibras musculares distróficas
Abstract: Oxidative stress and exacerbated inflammatory response are factors that contribute to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) pathogenesis. In this work, we evaluated whether administration of Cilostazol, before beginning the degeneration/regeneration cycles, reduces muscle degeneration in mdx mice, an experimental model of DMD. Our hypothesis is that the Cilostazol may provide beneficial effects on dystrophic muscle fibers, since this has anti-inflammatory effects (reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-?, IL-1? and IL-6) and antioxidant (decreasing the activity of superoxide and eliminating hydroxyl radicals). To evaluate the Cilostazol effects on dystrophic muscle fibers, mdx mice, 14 days old, received by gavage 100 mg/kg of Cilostazol for 14 consecutive days (mdxC group). Mdx mice untreated (mdx group) and C57BL/10 mice (group Ctrl) were used as controls. Analysis strength measurement performed in all animals (before and after the treatment period) demonstrated that the animals of the mdxC group higher muscle strength (by 32%) compared to mdx group. In biochemical analysis of muscle degeneration (creatina kinase ¿ CK analysis in blood samples), there was significant increase in CK levels in mdx mice compared to control animals and a significant reduction by 63.2% of this increase in Cilostazol treated mdx. Histological analysis of the biceps brachial (BB), diaphragm (DIA) and tibial anterior (TA), showed a reduction of 93.6% of degenerating fibers (indicated by labeling with Evans blue) in the BB muscle, reduction of 66.6% and 36.7% of regenerated fibers (defined by central nuclei presence) in TA and DIA muscles respectively, and a reduction by 39.1% in inflammation area in BB muscle of mdxC group compared to mdx group. By the western blotting technique, molecules involved in inflammation such as TNF-? and NF-?B and one of the lipid peroxidation product, 4-HNE, were analyzed in the BB, DIA and TA muscles. In animals of mdxC group, we observed a significant decrease in TNF-? content in DIA (48.5%), TA (35.4%) and BB (45.9%) compared to control muscles. The NF-?B content had been reduced by 25.9% in the DIA muscle. The 4-HNE content reduced in the muscles analyzed in mdxC groups, but this reduction was not significant. In Dihydroethidium (DHE) reaction for detecting reactive oxygen species, treatment with Cilostazol shown to be potentially effective against oxidative stress, reducing DHE marking by 36.8%, 40.4% and 75.4% in BB, TA and DIA muscles, respectively. In the vasculature analysis, we observed that cilostazol treated animals showed increased microvessel density in muscle tissue (approximately by 42.7% for the BB muscle and 15.3% for DIA muscle). On the analysis of antioxidant activity in the quadriceps (QUA), we identified an increase in the GSH content (33.1%) and GR activity (89.15) in the mdx group compared to Ctrl group. Regarding treatment, this had no effect on antioxidant activity. The results together suggest that cilostazol has a potential beneficial effect on the dystrophic muscle fibers
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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6

Lekan, Jaimy Marie. "Exercise-induced mechanisms of muscle adaptation in mdx mice." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1095372379.

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Esper, Greyson Vitor Zanatta. "Terapia celular sob aquapuntura em modelos murinos para distrofia muscular de Duchenne." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-12062013-114220/.

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O camundongo mdx é um modelo animal muito utilizado para estudar a distrofia muscular degenerativa de Duchenne (DMD) e apesar de o modelo apresentar uma degeneração mais branda, inúmeras pesquisas com este animal são realizadas devido à alta reprodutibilidade de fenótipos, obtenção comercial de várias linhagens e baixo custo de manutenção. A degeneração muscular progressiva ocorre devido a uma mutação genética que culmina na ausência ou diminuição da produção da proteína distrofina. Esta alteração gera uma cascata de eventos que pioram a degeneração muscular. Atualmente, a terapia preconizada é o uso de corticóide, que visa modular a inflamação muscular e possui uma série de efeitos colaterais, por isso uma série de estudos propondo outras formas de tratamento vem sendo desenvolvidos. Um tratamento promissor parece ser a terapia celular com células-tronco mesenquimais, a qual pode interferir no processo degenerativo por imunomodulação celular. Como a acupuntura pode controlar o processo inflamatório de doenças degenerativas, tal qual na doença de Parkinson, acredita-se que o uso consorciado das duas terapias possa diminuir o efeito degenerativo da DMD. Nesta pesquisa foram avaliados 22 camundongos mdx, machos, 4 a 6 semanas de idade. As células-tronco utilizadas para a aplicação foram de polpa dentária humana carregando a proteína verde fluorescente (EGFP) e a quantidade aplicada em cada acuponto foi de 1x104 células. Os acupontos selecionados foram B47 (Hunmen), B49 (Yishe) e B52 (Zhishi). Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos (A) células-tronco em acupontos falsos, (B) solução fisiológica em acupontos verdadeiros, (C) células-tronco em acupontos verdadeiros e (D) controle, sem nenhum tratamento. No total três injeções foram realizados em um período de 56 dias de estudo. As avaliações do tratamento foram feitas através das análises da força de tração dos músculos, da creatinofosfoquinase sérica (CPK), histológica através da estruturação das miofibrilas e morfometria do colágeno e imuno-histoquímica pela expressão da proteína distrofina. Ao décimo dia após a terceira aplicação de células-tronco observa-se uma diferença somente no grupo controle, a qual manifestou um aumento da CPK em relação aos outros tratamentos e sem diferença estatística para força de tração pelos membros torácicos. Na histologia dos músculos tibial cranial e diafragma foram observou-se infiltrados inflamatórios, regeneração tecidual e diminuição do colágeno nos grupos tratados p<0,05. Na imuno-histoquímica verificou-se uma melhora da quantidade de distrofina nos animais tratados principalmente no tratamento células-tronco em acupontos verdadeiros p< 0,05 e, pela análise do rastreamento das células-tronco com EGFP não se pode determinar o seu caminho uma vez que não observamos imunorreatividade nas análises utilizando o anti-GFP. Conclui-se que os tratamentos com terapia celular nos acupontos verdadeiros, acupontos falsos e solução fisiológica nos acupontos podem melhorar a doença degenerativa muscular no mdx pelo aumento da expressão da proteína distrofina.
Muscular dystrophy in mdx mouse is an animal model used to study Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in humans. Although this model presents a milder degeneration, there are several studies with this animal due to the high reproducibility of phenotypes, obtaining various lines available and low maintenance cost. It is known that progressive muscle degeneration occurs due to a genetic mutation that culminates in the absence or decreased production of dystrophin protein. This change generates a cascade of events which aggravate the muscle degeneration. Currently, the recommended therapy is the use of corticosteroids to modulate muscle inflammation; however, there are a number of collateral effects, so a series of studies suggesting other forms of treatment have been developed. A promising treatment seems to be a therapy with mesenchymal stem cells, which can interfere with the degenerative process by cellular immunomodulation. As acupuncture can control the inflammatory process of degenerative diseases such as Parkinson\'s disease, the use of both syndication therapies may reduce the DMD degenerative effect. In this study 22 mdx mice, males, 4-6 weeks of age were evaluated. Stem cells were used for the application of human dental pulp carrying the green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and the quantity applied to each acupoint was 1x104 cells. The acupoints selected were B47 (Hunmen), B49 (Yishe) and B52 (Zhishi). The animals were randomly assigned to four treatments groups: (A) stem cells in false acupoints, (B) saline in true acupoints, (C) stem cells in true acupoints and (D) control without any treatment. In total, three injections were performed over a period of 56 days of study. Evaluations of treatment were made by analyzing the tensile strength of muscles, measuring the serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK), structuring of myofibrils by histology and morphometry of collagen immunohistochemistry and by the amount of dystrophin protein. At day ten after the third application of stem cells there is a difference only in the control group, which manifests an increase in CPK compared to other treatments and no statistical difference in tensile strength. In the histology of cranial tibial muscles and diaphragm, inflammatory infiltrates were observed, as well as tissue regeneration and decreased collagen in the treated groups (p <0.05). On immunohistochemistry there was an improvement in the amount of dystrophin in animals treated mainly in acupoints true (p <0.05) and through analysis and tracking of stem cells with EGFP it was not possible to determine its path once immunoreactivity was not observed in analyzes using anti-GFP. We conclude that treatment with stem cell therapy on true and false acupoints and with saline solution on acupoints can improve muscular degenerative disease in mdx by increased expression of dystrophin protein.
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ALBUQUERQUE, Erivam Anselmo de. "Uma análise comparativa de funções MDX nos servidores Analysis Services e Mondrian." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11963.

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A MultiDimensional eXpression (MDX) é uma linguagem de consulta para processamento analítico de dados ou On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP). Apesar de esta linguagem ser usada pela maioria dos servidores OLAP, esta não é um padrão de direito. Portanto, tem-se pouca (ou nenhuma) garantia de que as funções MDX usadas por um servidor OLAP também possam ser usadas em outros servidores. Neste contexto, de forma a comparar as funções MDX de um servidor OLAP de código aberto e outro de código fechado, os servidores Mondrian e Analysis Services, por serem bem aceitos tanto pela academia quanto pela indústria, foram respectivamente escolhidos. Para realizar este estudo comparativo, o qual consiste em examinar se existe diferença entre as gramáticas da linguagem MDX usadas por estes servidores, será utilizada a seguinte estratégia: identificar quais funções são específicas de um servidor, quais funções são comuns aos servidores e, dentre as funções comuns (i.e., com o mesmo nome), se existe diferença de sintaxe entre elas. De forma a executar este estudo, será apresentado o cenário de testes aplicados, bem como a ferramenta TestMDX que foi desenvolvida para automatizar a execução dos testes. Por fim, será apresentada uma análise dos resultados obtidos.
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Beqaj, Besa. "Influence of the MuSK-system on muscle pathology in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22726.

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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle wasting disorder caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene. The dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse is the most common animal model of DMD. Muscle fibres lacking dystrophin go through cycles of degeneration followed by progressively impaired regeneration. Eventually, degeneration dominates, and fibres are replaced with extracellular matrix (fibrosis). The receptor tyrosine kinase muscle specific kinase (MuSK) has a well-established role in the maintenance of the neuromuscular junction. However, recent work in the lab suggests that it can also reduce the fragility of muscle fibres in the mdx mouse. In this thesis, the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of 3-4-week-old mdx mice were injected with AAV-MuSK and culled at 12 weeks of age for histological analysis (chapter 3). Supplementation with MuSK-GFP did not alter the composition of the muscle, with no differences in fibre type populations or in the proportion of the muscle occupied by extracellular matrix (collagen I) vs muscle fibre area (myosin). Additionally, in chapter 4 mdx TA muscles were supplemented with other members of the MuSK-system (Dok7 and Rapsyn). This batch of mdx mice were injected at 4 weeks of age with one of the following AAVs encoding: MuSK, mutant MuSK lacking the Ig3 domain (MuSK-ΔIg3), Dok7 or Rapsyn before being culled at 9 weeks of age for histological analysis. Supplementation with AAV-Dok7 was found to improve muscle pathology by reducing the number of recently degenerated/regenerated muscle fibres. Moreover, AAV-MuSK and AAV-Rapsyn were found to reduce muscle fibre girth. Together, these findings suggest a novel role for MuSK-system in protecting dystrophic muscles from damage. Thus, supplementation of MuSK-system components (MuSK, Dok7 and Rapsyn) may present a therapy for DMD and other neuromuscular disorders.
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Thomas, Karen. "The mdx mouse as a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386990.

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Books on the topic "MDX"

1

Whitehorn, Mark, Robert Zare, and Mosha Pasumansky. Fast Track to MDX. London: Springer London, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-182-2.

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Smith, Ian Curtis. Force potentiation in the MDX mouse. St. Catharines, Ont: Brock University, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, 2007.

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SAS Institute. SAS 9.2 OLAP Server: MDX guide. Cary, N.C: SAS Institute Inc., 2009.

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Exploring MDX using Microsoft SQL Server 2012. Irving, Texas: eGurus, 2012.

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MDX with Microsoft SQL server 2008 R2 analysis services cookbook: 80 recipes for enriching your Business intelligence solutions with high-performance MDX calculations and flexible MDX queries. Birmingham: Packt Publishing, 2011.

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Harold, Haynes John, ed. Honda Pilot, Acura MDX automotive repair manual. Sparkford, Nr Yeovil, Somerset, England: Haynes Pub. Group, 2007.

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Ryan, Clay C., ed. Microsoft SQL Server 2008 MDX step by step. Redmond, Wash: Microsoft Press, 2009.

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Sackett, Larry. MDX reporting and analytics with SAP NetWeaver BW. Boston: Galileo Press, 2009.

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Honda Giken Kōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha. Acura MDX body repair manual, 2001 model series. [Tokyo?]: Honda Motor Co., 2000.

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MDX reporting and analytics with SAP NetWeaver BW. Bonn: Galileo Press, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "MDX"

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Janus, Philo, and Guy Fouché. "MDX." In Pro SQL Server 2008 Analysis Services, 219–49. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-1996-5_9.

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Whitehorn, Mark, Robert Zare, and Mosha Pasumansky. "MDX queries." In Fast Track to MDX, 35–52. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-182-2_3.

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Whitehorn, Mark, Robert Zare, and Mosha Pasumansky. "MDX syntax." In Fast Track to MDX, 53–57. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-182-2_4.

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Whitehorn, Mark, Robert Zare, and Mosha Pasumansky. "MDX expressions." In Fast Track to MDX, 58–79. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-182-2_5.

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Fouché, Guy, and Lynn Langit. "Introduction to MDX." In Foundations of SQL Server 2008 R2 Business Intelligence, 347–67. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3325-1_13.

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Whitehorn, Mark, Robert Zare, and Mosha Pasumansky. "Recursion in MDX." In Fast Track to MDX, 263–83. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-182-2_20.

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Root, Randal, and Caryn Mason. "Reporting with MDX Queries." In Pro SQL Server 2012 BI Solutions, 565–614. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3489-0_14.

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Whitehorn, Mark, Robert Zare, and Mosha Pasumansky. "More MDX in general." In Fast Track to MDX, 251–62. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-182-2_19.

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Whitehorn, Mark, Robert Zare, and Mosha Pasumansky. "How MDX is used." In Fast Track to MDX, 29–34. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-182-2_2.

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Ginat, Daniel Thomas, and Gul Moonis. "Ipilimumab (MDX-010, Yervoy)." In Neuroimaging Pharmacopoeia, 169–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12715-6_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "MDX"

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Zhang, Pingjian, and Jianqing Xi. "Attribute-Driven Design of MDX Compiler." In 2008 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csse.2008.685.

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Bergamaschi, Sonia, Matteo Interlandidi, Mario Longo, Laura Po, and Maurizio Vincini. "A Meta-language for MDX Queries in eLog Business Solution." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde.2012.100.

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Rappa, Francesca, Maria Bonsignore, Monica Frinchi, Giuseppa Mudò, Natale Belluardo, Francesco Cappello, and Giuseppe Morici. "Small airways in in sedentary and endurance-trained dystrophic (mdx) mice." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2301.

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Bates, Genevieve, Sara Sigurdardottir, Linda Kachmar, Nedjma B. Zitouni, Basil J. Petrof, Dilson J. Rassier, and anne-marie lauzon. "Molecular, Cellular, And Muscle Strip Mechanics Of The MDX Mouse Diaphragm." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2458.

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Bates, Genevieve, Anne-Marie Lauzon, and Basil J. Petrof. "Molecular Mechanics Of Myosin In Muscular Dystrophy: The MDX Mouse Diaphragm." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5048.

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Teixeira, Kadu Ferreira Gonçalves, and Victor Augusto Ramos Fernandes. "SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE CREATINA MONOIDRATADA EM CAMUNDONGOS MDX: EFEITOS MORFOMÉTRICOS E ESTEREOLÓGICOS." In XIX Fórum de Iniciação Científica PIBIC-FMJ-CNPq. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/1317177.19-31.

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Derwin, Dan, David Passmore, Janette Sung, Daniel Tengco, Brian Lee, Barbara Aguilar, Tim Chen, et al. "Abstract 2575: Activation of antibody drug conjugate MDX-1203 by human carboxylesterase." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-2575.

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Joseph, S., S. Qureshi, and BJ Petrof. "Potential Role of Toll-Like Receptors in the Dystrophic (mdx)Mouse Diaphragm." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a4191.

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Razgovorova, I., and A. Fedorova. "THE ROLE OF TIGHT GUNCTION PROTEINS IN THE NERVE OF MDX MICE." In XIX INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS NEUROSCIENCE FOR MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3353.sudak.ns2023-19/240-241.

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DE SOUZA FURLAN, STEPHANIE, Maria Julia Marques, JULIANO ALVES PEREIRA, and HUMBERTO SANTO NETO. "Efeitos do ômega-3 na autofagia do músculo cardíaco de camundongos mdx." In XXIV Congresso de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP - 2016. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2016-50616.

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Reports on the topic "MDX"

1

Gammel, J. T., A. Saxena, and A. R. Bishop. Dynamics and Photoexcitation in MX and MXX' Chain Solids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada264823.

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Dimonte, G., M. Schneider, and E. Frerking. Turbulent mix experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/204087.

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Hooper, E. B., S. L. Allen, M. D. Brown, J. A. Byers, T. A. Casper, B. I. Cohen, R. H. Cohen, M. E. Fenstermacher, J. H. Foote, and K. Hoshino. MTX final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194124.

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Strauss, H., and E. Hameiri. Solar Flare MDH. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada262275.

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Eric L. Shaber and Bradley J Schrader. MOX Fabrication Isolation Considerations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/911246.

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Rivest, R. L. MD4 Message Digest Algorithm. RFC Editor, October 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1186.

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Touch, J. Report on MD5 Performance. RFC Editor, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1810.

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Baker, F., and R. Atkinson. RIP-2 MD5 Authentication. RFC Editor, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2082.

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Turner, S., and L. Chen. MD2 to Historic Status. RFC Editor, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6149.

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Turner, S., and L. Chen. MD4 to Historic Status. RFC Editor, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6150.

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