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Schleicher, L., M. Hesdorffer, and R. Taub. "The use of in-vitro drug resistance levels as a predictor of outcome in soft tissue sarcoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 20510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.20510.
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20510 Background: We have assayed in-vitro drug resistance and immunohistochemical staining for drug resistance markers (MDR-1, MRP) in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma patients. We looked at resistance to Cisplatin, Doxorubicin, and Ifosphamide, prior to beginning chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of in-vitro drug resistance testing as a predictor of outcome. Methods: Viable tumor samples obtained at time of recurrence or metastasis from 13 patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma were tested by a semiquantitative 12 hour tritiated-thymidine uptake cell-proliferation assay (EDR test, Oncotech Inc., Tusin, California) for resistance to the chemotherapy drugs cisplatin, doxorubicin, and ifosphamide. The mean drug resistance level for these three drugs was plotted against survival in months, both from time of metastasis and time of initiation of chemotherapy. Mean resistance was also correlated with positive staining for either MDR-1 or MRP. Results: There was no relationship found between the mean drug resistance and survival, either from time of metastasis (correlation coefficient -0.0596) or time of initiation of chemotherapy (correlation coefficient - 0.1864). There was no correlation between mean drug resistance and; 1) presence of MDR-1 staining (correlation coefficient -0.1269), 2) presence of MRP staining (correlation coefficient -0.2175), 3) presence of either staining for MDR-1 or MRP (correlation coefficient -0.2636). Conclusions: 1) In-vitro drug resistance is not predictive of outcome in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. 2) There is no correlation between the mean drug resistance and positive staining for either MDR-1 or MRP. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Fatima, Sayed Shakita, S. Kumar, Ajay Kumar Verma, Suryakant, Amod Kumar Sachan, and Rakesh Kumar Dixit. "A retrospective analytical study of treatment outcomes among multi drug resistant tuberculosis patients." Indian Journal of Community Health 33, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i04.019.
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Background: India is amongst one of the high multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden countries globally with a huge contribution given by the state of Uttar Pradesh. Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, initiated in 2007 has taken over the disorganized and unsupervised treatment practice in India. However, regular scrutiny is required which points out both its success and failure. Aim & Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate final treatment outcomes among MDR-TB patients on standard Category IV regimen Settings and Design: Retrospective analysis was done using secondary data from medical records of all patients. Methods and Material: Data of all MDR-TB patients registered under RNTCP at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow from 2013 to 2016 was collected. Demographic details along with pre-defined treatment outcomes were recorded (cured, treatment completed, death, treatment failure, treatment default and transfer to higher centre). Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics using numbers and percentage. Results: The records of 3580 MDR tuberculosis patients registered at drug resistant tuberculosis centre in King George’s Medical University from January 2013 to December 2016 were included which consisted of 67%males and 33%female. Mean age of presentation was 31.17 years (95% CI 30.75-31.59). Mean weight of patients was 40.16 kg (95% CI 39.89-40.43). Year wise distribution of registered cases from 2013 to 2016 was 611, 799, 984 and 1186 patients respectively. Amongst 3580 patients, 30.39% were declared cured, 25.50% completed treatment, 21.39% died, 0.84% showed treatment failure, 12.54% were defaulters, 2.35% were transferred out to higher centre, 6.5% were shifted to regimen for Extensive drug resistant (EDR) TB, 0.16% patients needed to stop treatment due to ADR and 0.33% patient were still on treatment. Conclusion: The treatment success rate of MDR?TB patients is still low. Measures to improve treatment adherence as in National tuberculosis elimination programme (NTEP) attempts to further improve the success rate.
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Matsuo, K., M. L. Eno, A. M. Abouzied, D. D. Im, and N. B. Rosenshein. "Different expression of progesterone receptor between uterine serous carcinoma and ovarian serous carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 5578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.5578.
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5578 Background: Clinical presentation and progression of uterine serous carcinoma (USC) often mimicks that of ovarian serous carcinoma (OSC), making the diagnosis difficult. The aim of this study is to compare characteristics of biomarker expression of USC to OSC. Methods: We evaluated all patients with FIGO stage III-IV USC and OSC, who underwent initial cytoreductive surgery between January 1, 1995, and March 31, 2008. Cases that received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Patient demographics and clinico-pathologic data were abstracted from the medical records. Biomarker expression results were evaluated for mutation of p53 (m-p53), DNA profiling, multi-drug resistance gene-1 (MDR-1), estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. In-vitro drug resistance assay results were compared among platinum, taxane, cyclophosphamide, doxil, etoposide, gemcitabin, and topotecan (EDR Assay, Oncotech, Inc.). Results: There were 19 cases of USC and 185 cases of OSC identified. USC and OSC showed similar biomarker expressions except for the DNA index and expression of progesterone receptor. Biomarker expressions were: m-p53, 83.3% vs 68.7%, p = 0.28; DNA aneuploidity, 88.8% vs 80.8%, p = 0.53; DNA index, 1.7 (1.0–2.7) vs 1.5 (0.8–3.2), p = 0.044; S-phase fraction, 8.1% (3.1–19) vs 8.6% (0.3–19.2), p = 0.5; MDR-1, 33.3% vs 19.1%, p = 0.21; and estrogen receptor, 82.3% vs 82.9%, p = 1.0. Increased progesterone receptor expression was seen in USC compared to OSC (29.4% vs 9.2%, odds ratio 4.1, 95%CI 1.25–13.7, p = 0.028). In the in-vitro drug resistance assay, proportions of extreme drug resistance were similar in all tested drugs, including: cisplatin, 7.7% vs 7.2%, p = 0.5; carboplatin, 11.1% vs 9.5%, p = 0.3; paclitaxel 26.7% vs 23.5%, p = 1.0; doxil, 44.4% vs 33.9%, p = 0.69; and topotecan, 15.4% vs 18.5%, p = 1.0. Conclusions: Advanced uterine serous carcinoma was associated with increased expression of progesterone receptor compared to advanced ovarian serous carcinoma. The different expression potentially could be used to differentiate the two conditions and as a target in treatment therapies for uterine serous carcinoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Umoh, N. O., B. E. Osibu, A. Eyo, V. U. Usanga, M. Mbah, and A. E. Asuquo. "Prevalence and Antibiotic-Resistance Indices of Bacterial Pathogens of Otitis Media among Patients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria." International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health 44, no. 12 (July 3, 2023): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121443.
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Background: Otitis media is linked to middle ear inflammation and sequelae, frequently occurring in infants and early childhood dealing with the accumulation of fluid behind the eardrum. It is often associated with the absence of timely and appropriate antibacterial interventions.
Aim: To investigate the identity and antibiogram of bacterial agents of otitis media among patients attending a tertiary health facility in Calabar, Nigeria.
Methods: Ear specimens collected from a total of 70 subjects were processed by conventional bacteriological methods for isolation and identification of pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on all the isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices of the isolates were evaluated.
Results: The prevalence of bacterial otitis media was 72.9% in the study population. A total of 51 bacterial isolates including Pseudomonas aeruginaosa (26), Staphylococcus aureus (17), Proteus mirabilis (6), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2) were found. Isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus showed high susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate (92.3%) and ciprofloxacin (88.3%), respectively. The prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates was 25.4%. MDR percentages such as 100%, 33.3%, 30.7% and 29.4% were reported for isolates of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. MAR indexing revealed high values ranging from 0.4 to 0.87 for all the isolates.
Conclusion: High susceptibility of the predominant isolates to amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin may underscore the drugs’ potential as antibiotics of choice for prompt treatment of otitis media in the population. However, the overall high drug-resistance indices of the isolates would suggest dire implications for empiric antibacterial therapy in the population. Choice of antibiotics for treatment of bacterial infections in this population should be driven by results of microbiological drug-susceptibility tests.
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Swartz, Joel D. "Imaging diagnosis of middle ear lesions." Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology 31, no. 1 (January 2002): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mdr.2002.122153.
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Batte, Charles, Tunde Olayanju, John Mukisa, Martha Sarah Namusobya, Innocent Alenoghena, Lakoh Sulaiman, Ebenezer Abinkeng Tazifua, Damilola M. Oladele, and Ben Morton. "The accuracy of a mobile phone application (Wulira app) compared to standard audiometry in assessing hearing loss among patients on treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda." Journal of the Pan African Thoracic Society 1 (September 27, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jpats_3_2020.
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Objectives: Our aim was to validate the “Wulira App” a mHealth application against gold standard audiometry as a pragmatic audiometry solution for under-served and vulnerable groups of patients at risk of hearing loss. The specific objectives were as follows: To compare hearing thresholds determined using the Wulira app to standard pure tone audiometry among patients on MDR-TB treatment. To determine the correlation between the measured hearing loss with the Wulira app and standard audiometry with patient reported hearing loss. To determine the proportion of patients on MDR-TB treatment that experience hearing loss? Materials and Methods: We consecutively recruited patients ≥18 years old and receiving kanamycin in their treatment regimen between February and June 2019 for this study. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from each participant and documented in a secure database. Participants had hearing assessment performed once at enrolment with paired standard audiometry and the Wulira mobile phone app in a soundproof room. Results: A total of 120 MDR-TB patients with a mean age of 34.0 (±9.6) years were recruited for this study and 69 (57.5%) were male. When compared to pure tone audiometry, the Wulira app was able to correctly detect 91.4% hearing loss in right ear and 88.4% in the left ear. The specificity of the Wulira app was equally high, reaching 93.2% in the right ear and 91.5% in the left ear. Conclusion: The Wulira app may be a useful alternative home-based tool for hearing assessment in MDR-TB patients, essentially for early detection of hearing loss following commencement of second-line injectable drugs.
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MacLean, Gail L., Andrew Stuart, and Robert Stenstrom. "Real Ear Sound Pressure Levels Developed by Three Portable Stereo System Earphones." American Journal of Audiology 1, no. 4 (November 1992): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889.0104.52.
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Differences in real ear sound pressure levels (SPLs) with three portable stereo system (PSS) earphones (supraaural [Sony Model MDR-44], semiaural [Sony Model MDR-A15L], and insert [Sony Model MDR-E225]) were investigated. Twelve adult men served as subjects. Frequency response, high frequency average (HFA) output, peak output, peak output frequency, and overall RMS output for each PSS earphone were obtained with a probe tube microphone system (Fonix 6500 Hearing Aid Test System). Results indicated a significant difference in mean RMS outputs with nonsignificant differences in mean HFA outputs, peak outputs, and peak output frequencies among PSS earphones. Differences in mean overall RMS outputs were attributed to differences in low-frequency effects that were observed among the frequency responses of the three PSS earphones. It is suggested that one cannot assume equivalent real ear SPLs, with equivalent inputs, among different styles of PSS earphones.
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Atkinson, Simon. "Russian refinery employs world's largest industrial MBR and EDR units." Membrane Technology 2018, no. 2 (February 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-2118(18)30038-7.
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Elaiyarasan, U., V. Satheeshkumar, C. Senthilkumar, and C. Nandakumar. "Mathematical and artificial neural network model in composite electrode assisted electrical discharge coating." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 025004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac63d7.
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Abstract The present paper is studied the mathematical and artificial neural network (ANN) model in electrical discharge deposition of magnesium alloy. Surface coating is covering the workpiece surface with desired coating materials to improve the surface properties. Electrical discharge coating (EDC) is an electro thermal process, used for creating hard coating over the workpiece. In this present study, magnesium alloy is deposited using WC-Cu composite electrode by EDC. RSM is used to develop design matrix for carrying out EDC experiments. Compaction load, discharge current and pulse on time are controlled, whereas material deposition rate (MDR) and surface roughness (SR) are measured as response. The objective of this investigation is to predict the MDR and SR using neural network technique. ANN model developed by back propagation algorithm is proposed in this study for predicting the responses. ANOVA is conducted to identify the dominating parameter, which significantly affects the responses. Correlation coefficient between the ANN and RSM is 0.99, which is close to the unity for ANN. It was revealed that the prediction of proposed ANN was found to be excellent to the RSM model. MDR increased with increasing discharge current and pulse on time. SR decreased with increasing compaction load.
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Marquezi, Marcelo Luis, Marco Antonio Uzunian, Roberto Gimenez, and Maurício Teodoro de Souza. "Substrate oxidation pattern during cardiorespiratory exercise prescribed by different methods." Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte 31, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-5509201700020373.
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O Colégio Americano de Medicina Esportiva recomenda intensidades de 55 a 70% da freqüência cardíaca de reserva (FCrs) para prescrição do exercício de resistência cardiorespiratória (ECr) objetivando a alteração da composição corporal. Entretanto, vários estudos verificaram que a oxidação de lipídeos (LIPox) máxima está diretamente relacionada ao primeiro limiar anaeróbio (LAn1) e ocorre em intensidades por volta de 60% da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCmax) e 55% do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 max). O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar e comparar as taxas de oxidação de substratos resultantes do ECr prescrito pelos métodos dos limiares anaeróbios ventilatórios (método “direto”, mDR) e da reserva da frequência cardíaca (método “indireto”, mIND). Sete indivíduos ativos não treinados foram submetidos a 60min de ECr nas intensidades do LAn1 e 55% da FCrs para determinação das taxas de oxidação de lipídeos (LIP) e carboidratos (CHO) por calorimetria indireta, após jejum noturno de 8h seguido de ingestão de maltodextrina (2g/kg, solução a 6%) 30min antes do início da atividade. Nossos resultados demonstraram que os métodos de prescrição promoveram padrões distintos de LIPox (0,23 ± 0,01 e 0,10 ± 0,01 g/min; mDR e mIND, respectivamente; p < 0,05); como conseqüência, a contribuição relativa de LIP para o dispêndio calórico durante a sessão mDR foi aproximadamente 1,8 vezes maior em comparação a mIND (25,9 ± 0,9 e 14,6 ± 1,0 %; mDR e mIND, respectivamente; p < 0,05). Apesar da prescrição por método da reserva da frequência cardíaca subestimar a LIPox, este método indicou para uma aplicabilidade que se aproxima dos critérios cientificamente preconizados, o que para uma indicação de intensidade em situações de campo poderá acarretar em menor margem de erros
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Meyer, William E. H. "Bus Stop: American Eye vs. Small-Town Ear." Modern Drama 35, no. 3 (1992): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mdr.1992.0039.
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Yulianti, Yulianti, and Sally Mahdiani. "Gangguan pendengaran penderita Tuberkulosis Multidrug Resistant." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 45, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v45i2.112.
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Latar belakang: Tuberkulosis Multidrug Resistant (TB MDR) merupakan penyakit tuberkulosis (TB) yang resisten terhadap isoniazid dan rifampisin, dengan atau tanpa resisten terhadap obat anti- TB lain. Terapi aminoglikosida pada TB MDR berisiko untuk terjadinya gangguan fungsi telinga dan sistem keseimbangan tubuh, yang dapat bersifat irreversible atau permanen. Kerusakan pada koklea dapat menimbulkan penurunan pendengaran permanen. Tujuan: Mengetahui gangguan pendengaran penderita TB MDR di poliklinik TB MDR Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RS Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif secara retrospektif pada pasien TB MDR yang berobat jalan di poliklinik TB MDR Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode 1 Januari - 31 Desember 2013. Hasil: Didapatkan gangguan pendengaran sebanyak 20,8% dari pasien TB MDR selama mendapat terapi TB MDR dengan keluhan tinitus dan gangguan pendengaran dengan onset timbulnya keluhan di bulan ke-3 (53,3%), kemudian bulan ke-6 (40%), dan bulan ke-10 (6,7%) setelah mulai pemberian terapi TB MDR. Pada pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni ditemukan penurunan pendengaran sensorineural yang bervariasi dari derajat ringan sampai berat. Kesimpulan: Pengobatan TB MDR dapat menyebabkan penurunan pendengaran sensorineural.Kata Kunci : Tuberkulosis Multidrug Resistant, audiometri nada murni, gangguan pendengaran sensorineural ABSTRACT Background: Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a tuberculosis (TB) which resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, with or without resistancy to other anti-TB drugs. Aminoglycoside therapy in MDR TB patients takes risks to malfunctioning of the ear and balance system. The hearing loss and balance system impairment that appeared are irreversible/permanent. Cochlear damage can cause permanent hearing loss. Purpose: To describe hearing loss in patients with MDR TB at MDR TB clinic of internal medicine in Hasan Sadikin hospital. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study on MDR TB patients in MDR TB outpatient clinic of Internal Medicine in Hasan Sadikin hospital in the period of January 1st to December 31th, 2013. Results: There were 20,8% of MDR TB patients who received treatment for MDR TB with tinnitus and hearing loss with onset of presentation at the 3rd month (53,3%), at the 6th month (40%), and at the 10th month (6,7%) of MDR TB therapy. Pure tone audiometry examination found sensorineural hearing loss with various degrees from mild to severe. Conclusion: Treatment of MDR TB could cause sensorineural hearing loss.Keywords: Tuberculosis Multidrug Resistant, pure tone audiometric, sensorineural hearing loss
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Jin, Hana, Young Shin Ko, Sang Won Park, Ki Churl Chang, and Hye Jung Kim. "13-Ethylberberine Induces Apoptosis through the Mitochondria-Related Apoptotic Pathway in Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells." Molecules 24, no. 13 (July 4, 2019): 2448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132448.
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Berberine is reported to have multiple biological effects, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities, and 13-alkyl-substituted berberines show higher activity than berberine against certain bacterial species and human cancer cell lines. In particular, 13-ethylberberine (13-EBR) was reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in endotoxin-activated macrophage and septic mouse models. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine the anticancer effects of 13-EBR and its mechanisms in radiotherapy-resistant (RT-R) MDA-MB-231 cells derived from the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells. When we compared the gene expression between MDA-MB-231 and RT-R MDA-MB-231 cells with an RNA microarray, RT-R MDA-MB-231 showed higher levels of anti-apoptotic genes and lower levels of pro-apoptotic genes compared to MDA-MB-231 cells. Accordingly, we examined the effect of 13-EBR on the induction of apoptosis in RT-R MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The results showed that 13-EBR reduced the proliferation and colony-forming ability of both MDA-MB-231 and RT-R MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, 13-EBR induced apoptosis by promoting both intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and by regulating the apoptosis-related proteins involved in the intrinsic pathway, not in the extrinsic pathway. These results suggest that 13-EBR has pro-apoptotic effects in RT-R MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing mitochondrial ROS production and activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, providing useful insights into new potential therapeutic strategies for RT-R breast cancer treatment.
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Mogashoa, Tuelo, Lucy Mupfumi, Thato Iketleng, Pinkie Melamu, Nametso Kelentse, Nicola Zetola, Margaret Mokomane, et al. "PO 8408 DETECTION OF EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS CLINICAL ISOLATES IN BOTSWANA." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A33.1—A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.85.
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BackgroundThe emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains is a serious threat to tuberculosis control in Botswana. Early detection of drug-resistant isolates is critical to ensure optimal treatment and thereby improve treatment outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of second-line drug resistance among drug-resistant Mtb-isolates from Botswana.MethodsA total of 60 drug-resistant Mtb isolates received at Botswana National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory between 2012 and 2013 were analysed. DNA was extracted from BD Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) using GenoLyse DNA isolation kit (Hain Lifescience). Spoligotyping was done using a commercially available spoligotyping kit (Isogen Life Science). The spoligotype patterns were compared with existing patterns in the SITVIT2 Web database. GenoType MTBDRs assay (Hain Lifescience) was used for second-line drug susceptibility testing. Fisher’s exact test was used to test for association between drug resistance patterns and HIV status, lineage and geographical location.ResultsSeventeen distinct spoligotype patterns were detected amongst the 60 drug-resistant isolates. The most predominant lineages were Euro-American (58.3%), East Asian (25%) and Indo-Oceanic (15%). Fifty (83.3%) were MDR, 7 (11.7%) were resistant to fluoroquinolones (Pre-XDR) whereas 3 (5%) were resistant to both fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs (XDR). Drug resistance profiles were significantly associated with Mtb lineage (p<0.001). There was no association between drug resistance profile and HIV status (p=0.057) and geographical location (p=0.372).ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of including second-line drug susceptibility testing in a testing algorithm in Botswana. The detection of XDR isolates among MDR-TB isolates highlights the ongoing evolution of resistance and the need for strengthened treatment regimens to improve treatment outcomes and to prevent the spread of these highly resistant strains. Second-line testing will be essential if the 9 month MDR regimen is used in Botswana.
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Gómez, Georgina, Ágatha Nogueira Previdelli, Regina Mara Fisberg, Irina Kovalskys, Mauro Fisberg, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Lilia Yadira Cortés Sanabria, et al. "Dietary Diversity and Micronutrients Adequacy in Women of Childbearing Age: Results from ELANS Study." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (July 4, 2020): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12071994.
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Dietary diversity, an important component of diet quality, is associated with an increased probability of adequate micronutrient intake. Women of childbearing age (WCA) are particularly vulnerable to micronutrient inadequacy. The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) has been used widely as a proxy measurement of micronutrient adequacy. This study aimed to assess the association between MDD-W and nutrients adequacy among WCA of eight Latin American countries. Nutrient intakes from 3704 WCA were analyzed with two 24-hour dietary recalls. Dietary diversity was calculated based on ten food groups with a cut-off point of intake ≥5 groups. The mean dietary diversity score was 4.72 points, and 57.7% of WCA achieved MDD-W. Vitamin D and E showed a mean Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR) of 0.03 and 0.38, respectively. WCA with a diverse diet (MDD-W > 5) reported a significantly higher intake of most micronutrients and healthy food groups with less consumption of red and processed meats and sugar-sweetened beverages. MDD-W was significantly associated with the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of 18 micronutrients evaluated. Nevertheless, even those women with a diverse diet fell short of meeting the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for vitamins D and E. MDD-W is an appropriate tool to evaluate micronutrients adequacy in WCA from Latin America, showing that women who achieved the MDD-W reported higher adequacy ratios for most micronutrients and an overall healthier diet.
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Roberts, James E., and Michael A. Saluta. "Evaluation of Guardian 7.5% and 10.0% Swine Ear Tags for Hog Louse Control on Brood Sows, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.354a.
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Abstract Efficacy of Guardian 7.5% and 10.0% swine ear tags was evaluated in Mar and Apr, 1984, for hog louse control on brood sows. Permectrin 10.0% calf ear tags were used to determine comparative efficacy. The following treatment groups were established in Montgomery Co, VA; A) Guardian 7.5% ear tag, consisting of 7 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb. Each animal received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear, on 5 Mar. All animals were established in a farrowing house, and remained there for the duration of the trial. B) Guardian 10.0% ear tag, consisting of 7 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb. Each animal received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear, on 12 Mar. All animals were established in pasture and remained there for the duration of the trial. C) Permectrin 10.0% ear tag, consisting of 7 adult brood sows, weighing 300-500 lb. Each animal received 2 ear tags, 1 in each ear, on 5 Mar. All animals were established in a farrowing house, and all except 1 were later moved at varying times to pasture. D) Untreated control, consisting of 7 gilts, weighing 300-400 lb. All animals were established in pasture and remained there for the duration of the trial. All treatment groups were penned separately from each other when in pasture, and were individually isolated in modern farrowing crates when in-house.
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Dela Cruz, FE, DR Kirsch, and JN Heinrich. "Transcriptional activity of Drosophila melanogaster ecdysone receptor isoforms and ultraspiracle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0240183.
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The Drosophila melanogaster ecdysone receptor (EcR) is produced in three isoforms, which mediate developmental processes such as metamorphosis. These isoforms were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to elucidate aspects of receptor transcription activity in a highly defined genetic model system. All three EcR isoforms showed ligand-independent transcriptional activation of an ecdysone reporter gene and the amount of activation correlated with the size of the N-terminal A/B (transactivation) domain present in the isoform: EcR-B1>EcR-A>>EcR-B2. Upon co-expression with ultraspiracle (Usp), transcriptional activation was further increased with EcR-B1 or EcR-A, but was unchanged with EcR-B2 or a truncated EcR lacking the A/B N-terminal domain (EcRDeltaA/B). Thus, the enhanced activity from Usp may depend on the presence of an N-terminal domain of EcR. Co-expression with Usp of several chimeric receptors of the EcR and the mouse androgen receptor (mAR) identified one chimera, composed of the mAR N-terminus and the remainder from EcR (mAR inverted question markEcR-CDEF) that was transcriptionally silent and inducible by Usp. In contrast, the vertebrate homologue, human retinoic acid receptor (RXRalpha), showed ligand-independent transcription when co-expressed with EcRDeltaA/B but not mAR inverted question mark EcR-CDEF. Therefore, RXRalpha does not require its partner to possess an N-terminal domain, yet is intolerant of a heterologous N-terminus. Similarly, the human vitamin D receptor, which has a short N-terminal region, showed greater ligand-independent transcription in the presence of RXRalpha than in the presence of Usp. These results reveal a mechanistic basis for the differential activities among the EcR isoforms, and between Usp and RXRalpha. Furthermore, they provided the foundation for a genetic screen to identify potential insecticides as well as accessory proteins for Usp and EcR.
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Sapatnekar, S. "An EDA compendium." IEEE Design and Test of Computers 22, no. 1 (January 2005): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2005.3.
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Mahdavi, Mohammad Ebrahim, Akram Pourbakht, Akram Parand, and Shohreh Jalaie. "Test–Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change of Randomized Dichotic Digits in Learning-Disabled Children: Implications for Dichotic Listening Training." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 29, no. 03 (March 2018): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.16134.
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AbstractEvaluation of dichotic listening to digits is a common part of many studies for diagnosis and managing auditory processing disorders in children. Previous researchers have verified test–retest relative reliability of dichotic digits results in normal children and adults. However, detecting intervention-related changes in the ear scores after dichotic listening training requires information regarding trial-to-trial typical variation of individual ear scores that is estimated using indices of absolute reliability. Previous studies have not addressed absolute reliability of dichotic listening results.To compare the results of the Persian randomized dichotic digits test (PRDDT) and its relative and absolute indices of reliability between typical achieving (TA) and learning-disabled (LD) children.A repeated measures observational study.Fifteen LD children were recruited from a previously performed study with age range of 7–12 yr. The control group consisted of 15 TA schoolchildren with age range of 8–11 yr.The Persian randomized dichotic digits test was administered on the children under free recall condition in two test sessions 7–12 days apart. We compared the average of the ear scores and ear advantage between TA and LD children. Relative indices of reliability included Pearson’s correlation and intraclass correlation (ICC2,1) coefficients and absolute reliability was evaluated by calculation of standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) using the raw ear scores.The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that in both groups of children the ear scores of test and retest sessions were strongly and positively (greater than +0.8) correlated. The ear scores showed excellent ICC coefficient of consistency (0.78–0.82) and fair to excellent ICC coefficient of absolute agreement (0.62–0.74) in TA children and excellent ICC coefficients of consistency and absolute agreement in LD children (0.76–0.87). SEM and SEM% of the ear scores in TA children were 1.46 and 1.44% for the right ear and 4.68 and 5.47% for the left ear. SEM and SEM% of the ear scores in LD children were 4.55 and 5.88% for the right ear to 7.56 and 12.81% for the left ear. MDC and MDC% of the ear scores in TA children varied from 4.03 and 3.99% for the right ear to 12.93 and 15.13% for the left ear. MDC and MDC% of the ear scores in LD children varied from 12.57 and 16.25% for the right ear to 20.89 and 35.39% for the left ear.The LD children indicated test–retest relative reliability as high as TA children in the ear scores measured by PRDDT. However, within-subject variations of the ear scores calculated by indices of absolute reliability were considerably higher in LD children versus TA children. The results of the current study could have implications for detecting real training-related changes in the ear scores.
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Behlul, Rawaa, Emad Saqiq Ali, Raad Abdulameer Alasady, Rasha Fadhel Obaid, Zainab Muhammed Jafar, Hussein Aziz Naser, Shamaa Jabber Gaiad, et al. "Survey Study of Multidrug-Resistant, Extensively Drug-Resistant and Pan drug-Resistant Bacteria: Different Clinical Isolates from Hospitals in Najaf City, Iraq." Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.61336/appj/22-1-15.
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Morbidity and mortality rates due to antimicrobial resistance have been increasing worldwide as a result of the inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents. Hence, understanding and increasing the data about antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings help reduce the risk of resistance and treat patients with more selective antimicrobial agents. Aim: This study aims to examine the clinical isolates that are resistant to nearly all categories of antimicrobials and investigate the frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pan drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria in health centers and hospitals in Najaf city, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Kufa from September 2022 to December 2022. Samples from urine, semen, ear swab, human vaginal swab, wound, sputum, and throat were isolated, and bacterial species were identified according to standard methods. Results: A total of 165 isolates were from 42 (25.4% male) and 123 (74.5% female). Predominant organisms isolated from specimens included Escherichia coli (28%), Streptococcus saprophyticus (26%), and Staphylococcus aureus (20%). Out of 165 specimens, 126 (76.36%), 6 (3.6%), and 2 (1.2%) were classified as MDR, XDR, and PDR, respectively. The majority of MDR isolates were 54 (40.29%) from urine and 31 (23.13%) from vaginal swab. Conclusion: Most of the samples were categorized as MDR bacteria. Additionally, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus were observed at elevated occurrence rates.
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Calonge, Ned. "EDM Forum Supplement Overview." Medical Care 50 (July 2012): S1—S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0b013e3182588ef7.
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Prabhu. "Management perspectives in EDA." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 12, no. 4 (1995): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.1995.473326.
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Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A. "The tides of EDA." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 20, no. 6 (November 2003): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2003.1246165.
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Anwar, Ali, Longqiang Bai, Li Miao, Yumei Liu, Shuzhen Li, Xianchang Yu, and Yansu Li. "24-Epibrassinolide Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Levels to Enhance Low-Temperature Stress Tolerance in Cucumber Seedlings." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 2497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092497.
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Phytohormone biosynthesis and accumulation are essential for plant growth and development and stress responses. Here, we investigated the effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on physiological and biochemical mechanisms in cucumber leaves under low-temperature stress. The cucumber seedlings were exposed to treatments as follows: NT (normal temperature, 26 °C/18 °C day/night), and three low-temperature (12 °C/8 °C day/night) treatments: CK (low-temperature stress); EBR (low-temperature and 0.1 μM EBR); and BZR (low-temperature and 4 μM BZR, a specific EBR biosynthesis inhibitor). The results indicated that low-temperature stress proportionately decreased cucumber seedling growth and the strong seedling index, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activities, while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, hormone levels, and EBR biosynthesis gene expression level. However, EBR treatments significantly enhanced cucumber seedling growth and the strong seedling index, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, activities of antioxidant enzymes, the cell membrane stability, and endogenous hormones, and upregulated EBR biosynthesis gene expression level, while decreasing ROS and the MDA content. Based on these results, it can be concluded that exogenous EBR regulates endogenous hormones by activating at the transcript level EBR biosynthetic genes, which increases antioxidant enzyme capacity levels and reduces the overproduction of ROS and MDA, protecting chlorophyll and photosynthetic machinery, thus improving cucumber seedling growth.
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Marć, Małgorzata Anna, Enrique Domínguez-Álvarez, Gniewomir Latacz, Agata Doroz-Płonka, Carmen Sanmartín, Gabriella Spengler, and Jadwiga Handzlik. "Pharmaceutical and Safety Profile Evaluation of Novel Selenocompounds with Noteworthy Anticancer Activity." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (February 6, 2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020367.
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Prior studies have reported the potent and selective cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, and chemopreventive activities of a cyclic selenoanhydride and of a series of selenoesters. Some of these selenium derivatives demonstrated multidrug resistance (MDR)-reversing activity in different resistant cancer cell lines. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmaceutical and safety profiles of these selected selenocompounds using alternative methods in silico and in vitro. One of the main tasks of this work was to determine both the physicochemical properties and metabolic stability of these selenoesters. The obtained results proved that these tested selenocompounds could become potential candidates for novel and safe anticancer drugs with good ADMET parameters. The most favorable selenocompounds turned out to be the phthalic selenoanhydride (EDA-A6), two ketone-containing selenoesters with a 4-chlorophenyl moiety (EDA-71 and EDA-73), and a symmetrical selenodiester with a pyridine ring and two selenium atoms (EDA-119).
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Miedaner, Thomas, Ana Luisa Galiano-Carneiro Boeven, David Sewodor Gaikpa, Maria Belén Kistner, and Cathérine Pauline Grote. "Genomics-Assisted Breeding for Quantitative Disease Resistances in Small-Grain Cereals and Maize." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (December 19, 2020): 9717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249717.
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Generating genomics-driven knowledge opens a way to accelerate the resistance breeding process by family or population mapping and genomic selection. Important prerequisites are large populations that are genomically analyzed by medium- to high-density marker arrays and extensive phenotyping across locations and years of the same populations. The latter is important to train a genomic model that is used to predict genomic estimated breeding values of phenotypically untested genotypes. After reviewing the specific features of quantitative resistances and the basic genomic techniques, the possibilities for genomics-assisted breeding are evaluated for six pathosystems with hemi-biotrophic fungi: Small-grain cereals/Fusarium head blight (FHB), wheat/Septoria tritici blotch (STB) and Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), maize/Gibberella ear rot (GER) and Fusarium ear rot (FER), maize/Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB). Typically, all quantitative disease resistances are caused by hundreds of QTL scattered across the whole genome, but often available in hotspots as exemplified for NCLB resistance in maize. Because all crops are suffering from many diseases, multi-disease resistance (MDR) is an attractive aim that can be selected by specific MDR QTL. Finally, the integration of genomic data in the breeding process for introgression of genetic resources and for the improvement within elite materials is discussed.
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ALjaafreha, Lubna Y., Mohmmed Tawalbeh, and Asem A. Shehabi. "Otitis External Infections Among Jordanian Patients with Emphasis on Pathogenic Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates." Open Microbiology Journal 13, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801913010292.
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Introduction: Otitis external infection is an inflammation of the ear canal frequently caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus auerus. Objective: This study investigated the spectrum of bacterial and fungal agents that cause otitis external infection in Jordanian patients with an emphasis on important antimicrobial resistance genes and putative virulence factors of P. aeruginosa isolates using molecular PCR methods. Methods: A total of 128 ear swab samples were obtained from outpatients with otitis external infection of Ear-Nose-Throat Clinic (ENT) from the Jordan University Hospital (JUH). All samples were cultured for bacteria and fungi and their growth was identified by macroscopic and microscopic examination as well as recommended biochemical tests. Results: Positive growth of bacteria and fungi were found in 105/128 (82%) of the examined cases. A total of 28 (22%) of the recovered organisms from ear samples were P. aeruginosa. A total of 11/28 (39%) of P. aeruginosa isolates were Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) which are resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. Both blaIMP-15 and VIM genes were not detected, while KPC genes were found in 57% among all isolates. The rates of the potential virulence genes found among 28 P. aeruginosa isolates were as follows: lasB, algD, toxA, exoU PilB and exoS at 100%, 100%, 82%, 72%, 54% and 25%, respectively. All isolates produced beta hemolysis on both human and sheep blood agar and showed either the pigment pyoverdin (57.1%) or pyocyanin (42.8%). Conclusion: Accurate identification of the causative agent of otitis external infection and its susceptibility to antibiotics especially P.aeruginosa is highly important for successful treatment. No significant relationship has been found between MDR P. aeruginosa and the presence of virulence genes.
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Ibrahim, Delveen R., Christine E. R. Dodd, Dov J. Stekel, Remilekun T. Meshioye, Mathew Diggle, Michelle Lister, and Jon L. Hobman. "Multidrug-Resistant ESBL-Producing E. coli in Clinical Samples from the UK." Antibiotics 12, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010169.
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Globally, cephalosporin therapy failure is a serious problem for infection control. One causative agent of cephalosporin-resistant infections is multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and/or plasmid-encoded AmpC (pAmpC) β-lactamases. We evaluated the occurrence of ESBL/pAmpC genetic determinants in phenotypically MDR E. coli isolated from clinical samples of blood, faeces, ear effusion, urine and sputum from a UK hospital. Phenotypic resistance profiling for 18 antibiotics (from seven classes) showed that 32/35 isolates were MDR, with resistance to 4–16 of the tested antibiotics. Of the isolates, 97.1% showed resistance to ampicillin, 71.4% showed resistance to co-amoxiclav, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftiofur, and 68.5% showed resistance to cefquinome. blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaOXA-1 genes were detected in 23, 13 and 12 strains, respectively, and Intl1 was detected in 17 isolates. The most common subtypes among the definite sequence types were CTX-M-15 (40%) and TEM-1 (75%). No E. coli isolates carried pAmpC genes. Significant correlations were seen between CTX-M carriage and cefotaxime, ceftiofur, aztreonam, ceftazidime and cefquinome resistance; between blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaOXA-1 carriage and ciprofloxacin resistance; and between Intl1 carriage and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance. Thus, MDR phenotypes may be conferred by a relatively small number of genes. The level and pattern of antibiotic resistance highlight the need for better antibiotic therapy guidelines, including reduced use and improved surveillance.
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Rhines, W. C. "Sociology of Design and EDA." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 23, no. 4 (April 2006): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2006.103.
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Krolikoski, Stan. "Evolution of EDA standards worldwide." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 28, no. 1 (January 2011): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2011.16.
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Elmoslemany, Ahmed, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Mohammed Alorabi, Mohamed Alkafafy, Theeb Al-Marri, Ali Aldoweriej, Fanan A. Alaql, Abdullah Almubarak, and Mahmoud Fayez. "Diversity and Risk Factors Associated with Multidrug and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci Isolated from Cats Admitted to a Veterinary Clinic in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia." Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040367.
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Understanding the distribution, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) isolated from cats admitted to veterinary clinics may decrease the risk of MDR and MRS transmission to humans and other cats. As such, the objectives of this study were to investigate the diversity in Staphylococcus spp. recovered from different anatomical locations in healthy and diseased cats and to determine the occurrence of MDR and MRS spp. as well as possible risk factors associated with colonization in these cats. Five swabs were collected from the anus, skin, ear canal, conjunctival sac, and nares of each cat (209 healthy and 191 diseased) admitted to a veterinary clinic in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, between January and December 2018. Prior to sample collection, cat owners completed a questionnaire collecting information on cat demographics, health status, management, and antimicrobial usage. In total, 179 Staphylococcus isolates were recovered from healthy (n = 71) and diseased (n = 108) cats, including 94 (52.5%) coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS), and 85 (47.5%) coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Five Staphylococcus spp. were identified, namely, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus felis, Staphylococcus capitis, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Staphylococcus isolates were most commonly resistant to penicillin (56.4%) and ciprofloxacin (25.7%); however, no isolate was resistant to clindamycin. Thirty (16.8%) Staphylococcus spp. (24 S. aureus and 6 S. pseudintermedius) isolates were MDR, with resistance to up to six different antibiotic classes. Only 17 (9.5%) Staphylococcus spp. (15 methicillin-resistant S. aureus and 2 methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius) harbored the mecA gene. Risk factor analysis showed that cats with a history of antibiotic therapy, those raised mainly indoors with a child, and those who visit a veterinary clinic for treatment were at higher risk of MDR and MRS colonization. In conclusion, MDR and MRS were common in healthy and diseased cats in Saudi Arabia. Thus, an effective antimicrobial stewardship program and further studies using a One Health approach are required to investigate the role of cats as vectors for AMR transmission to humans.
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Blum, Andreas, Jennifer Clemens, and Giuseppe Argenziano. "Modified Dermoscopic Algorithm for the Differentiation between Melanocytic and Nonmelanocytic Skin Tumors." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 10, no. 2 (March 2006): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2006.00021.
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Background: The use of dermoscopy (dermatoscopy, epiluminescence microscopy, surface microscopy) improves the clinical diagnostic accuracy of skin tumors by applying different algorithms or scores. The first step in the dermoscopic evaluation is the differentiation between melanocytic and nonmelanocytic skin tumors. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the established dermoscopic algorithm (EDA) and the modified dermoscopic algorithm (MDA) for melanocytic versus nonmelanocytic skin tumors. Methods: Two hundred forty-nine patients with melanocytic and nonmelanocytic skin lesions were included. Dermoscopic images of the tumors were taken with 10-fold magnification, followed by surgery and histopathology at the departments of Dermatology at the universities of Tuebingen, in Germany, and Naples, in Italy. Each lesion was classified using the EDA and MDA. In the MDA, accessory nipples and dermatofibromas were considered in particular. Results: With the EDA, 225 of 249 (90.4%) skin tumors were correctly classified in one of the six groups. With the MDA, 237 of 249 (95.2%) were correctly classified. Improvement was achieved in 12 (4.8%) better classified skin tumors. In both algorithms, no melanoma was classified as a nonmalignant melanocytic tumor. All melanomas were classified in the group of melanocytic tumors and one melanoma was classified in the group of basal cell carcinomas. Conclusion: Both dermoscopic algorithms for the differentiation between melanocytic and nonmelanocytic skin tumors were simple and effective when applied step by step. The MDA is an improvement on the EDA with the classification of accessory nipples and dermatofibromas.
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Mostafa, Ahmed. "Spectrophotometric and Multivariate Calibration Techniques for Simultaneous Determination of Different Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Urine: Evaluation of Greenness Profile." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2020 (May 29, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8873003.
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Eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective two spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the determination of atenolol, paracetamol, hydrochlorothiazide, and levofloxacin. The first method is the newly developed extended derivative ratio (EDR) and the second method is multivariate curve resolution—alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). In the EDR method, the extended derivative ratio amplitudes at 281.6, 237.6, 279.2, and 282.8 nm were used for quantification of atenolol, paracetamol, hydrochlorothiazide, and levofloxacin, respectively. In the MCR-ALS method, calibration model was developed and correlation constraint was employed. External validation data set composed of seven mixtures was used, and different figures of merits such as root mean square error of prediction, standard error of prediction, bias, and relative error of prediction were calculated, and satisfactory results were obtained. Both methods provided comparable results. The methods were validated and applied for the determination of the target analytes in dosage forms, spiked and real human urine. Thereafter, the obtained results were statistically compared to the published methods and revealed no significant difference regarding accuracy and precision. Furthermore, the greenness profile of the methods was evaluated using the National Environmental Methods Index “NEMI” and Analytical Eco-Scale. The developed methods can be used as a valid eco-friendly and simple cost-effective alternative to the commonly used chromatographic methods for the routine analysis of the studied drugs in dosage forms and human urine.
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Potapova, Z. E., and I. K. Kisilevich. "Development of a System for Measuring the Intellectual Power of Actors." Моделирование и анализ данных 11, no. 3 (2021): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/mda.2021110304.
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The problem of determining an accurate assessment of the actor’s ability to solve a problem of a certain degree of difficulty is considered in this work. The assessment is determined by a group of actors in the process of solving local problems, while the tasks are included in the competence of this group. Actors can be carriers of both natural and artificial intelligence. Condorcet Jury Theorem, Georg Rasсh Model, method of the evolutionary decision reconciliation (EDR) are used in the process of solving the problem posed. Related Experiences Assessment Scale is given. The measure of academic success is better predicted not by those experiences that are manifested during study activities, but those that arise along on the way to university. There is a slight effect of the influence of time on the measure of effort.
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Pattee, Brittany, Laura Tourdot, Amanda Beaudoin, Jennifer Dale, Jill Fischer, Leslie Lovett, Jacy Walters, Jonathan Alpern, and Keely Ellyson. "Case of Candida auris Identified From the External Ear Canal of a Healthy Minnesota Outpatient With Travel to South Korea." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s16—s17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.489.
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Background:Candida auris is a globally emerging, multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that causes healthcare-associated outbreaks and can be misidentified in clinical laboratories. Most US C. auris cases occur in hospitalized or long-term care patients with underlying medical conditions. Also, 4 global phylogenetic C. auris clades largely cluster geographically. Receiving health care abroad is a risk factor for US C. auris cases. In December 2019, the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) confirmed Minnesota’s first C. auris case, isolated from the external ear canal of a healthy young adult outpatient with right-sided otitis externa. We describe the investigation and response for this uncommon US presentation of C. auris. Methods: The MDH initiated mandatory reporting and submission of confirmed or possible C. auris isolates in August 2019. The MDH Public Health Laboratory (MDH-PHL) confirmed C. auris by MALDI-TOF (Bruker) from an isolate submitted by a hospital laboratory as C. duobushaemulonii to rule out C. auris. The MDH-PHL performed broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST). The CDC Mycotics Diseases Branch laboratory performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The MDH epidemiologists obtained a patient history through interviews with healthcare staff and the patient, and they collected environmental samples from otoscopes. The MDH-PHL tested environmental samples by C. auris RT-PCR and culture. The MDH recommended disinfection of examination rooms and otoscopes and 3 months of C. auris surveillance for patients evaluated with otoscopes who later returned with otic inflammation. Swabs from the patient’s axilla, groin, and external ear canals were tested for C. auris by PCR at the MDH-PHL. Results: The patient reported recurrent right ear infections in 2016 during a 16-month visit to South Korea, with treatment in multiple ENT clinics. December 2019 otitis resolved after treatment with oral amoxicillin/clavulanate and otic ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone. AFST showed resistance to fluconozale and susceptibility to 8 antifungals, including echinocandins. WGS placed the isolate in the East Asian clade, indicating similarity to isolates from South Korea and Japan. Environmental cultures were negative. The asymptomatic left ear was colonized with C. auris; other sites were negative. As of January29, 2020, no additional cases were detected. Conclusions: We identified prolonged colonization of C. auris in the external ear canals of a healthy patient. WGS and travel in South Korea, including ENT clinic exposure, provide strong evidence of C. auris acquisition in South Korea. No spread has been reported in Minnesota. Deliberate communication with clinical laboratories regarding ruling out C. auris was key to case discovery. Clinicians should be aware of C. auris epidemiology, including healthcare exposure abroad, particularly in young, healthy patients.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Ku, D. "Intranets And EDA: Impact,Technology, Applications." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 14, no. 1 (January 1997): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.1997.573373.
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Rohrer, R. "DAC, Moore's Law still drive EDA." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 20, no. 3 (May 2003): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2003.1198693.
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Marschner, E., and V. Berman. "The continuing evolution of EDA standards." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 21, no. 5 (September 2004): 450–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2004.71.
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Davidson, S. "Book Reviews: A Comprehensive EDA Handbook." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 23, no. 5 (May 2006): 426–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2006.114.
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Fayez, Mahmoud, Ahmed Elmoslemany, Ahmad A. Al Romaihi, Abdulfattah Y. Azzawi, Abdullah Almubarak, and Ibrahim Elsohaby. "Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Multidrug Resistance and Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Producing E. coli Isolated from Healthy and Diseased Cats." Antibiotics 12, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020229.
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Household cats have been identified as potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reservoirs, and the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing E. coli circulating among cats has been more frequently reported globally, but the factors linked to its colonization remain poorly understood. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine E. coli shedding and the occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR)- and ESBL-producing E. coli, as well as to determine risk factors associated with colonization of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from both healthy and diseased cats in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. In a cross-sectional study, 2000 swabs were collected from five anatomical regions (anus, skin, ear canal, nares, and conjunctival sac) of 209 healthy and 191 diseased cats that were admitted to a veterinary clinic in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. In addition, each cat owner filled out a questionnaire about their cat’s demographics, management, health status, and antimicrobial usage. E. coli was detected in 165 (41.3%) of all cats, including 59 (28.2%) healthy and 106 (55.5%) diseased cats. In total, 170 E. coli isolates were found in healthy (35.3%) and diseased (64.7%) cats. Susceptibility testing revealed that 123 (72.4%) of the E. coli isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. Overall, 17.6% (30/170) of E. coli isolates were MDR, with 10 (5.9%) and 20 (11.8%) isolates found in healthy and diseased cats, respectively. However, only 12 (7.1%) E. coli isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and harbored the blaCTX-M gene (ESBL-producer), with seven (4.1%) in healthy and five (2.9%) in diseased cats. Risk factor analysis showed that the odds of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli were (20 and 17) and (six and eight) times higher when the family and cats were previously treated with antimicrobials, respectively. The presence of a child in the cat’s family was also linked to an increased risk of MDR E. coli colonization (OR = 3.4). In conclusion, a high frequency of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli was detected among healthy and diseased cats in Saudi Arabia, raising concerns about transmission to humans and supporting the need of a “One Health” approach to address the potential threats of cats as AMR reservoirs.
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Mwesigwa, Julia, Jane Achan, Miriam Wathuo, Archibald Worwui, Nuredin Mohammed, Fatomatta Kanuteh, Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden, and Umberto D Alessandro. "PO 8302 IMPACT OF TWO ANNUAL ROUNDS OF MASS DRUG ADMINISTRATION WITH DIHYDROARTEMISININ-PIPERAQUINE ON MALARIA TRANSMISSION IN A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A28.2—A28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.72.
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BackgroundMass drug administration (MDA) may reduce malaria transmission in low-transmission areas and interrupt transmission. The impact of MDA with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) on malaria infection and clinical malaria was determined in a prospective cohort study in The Gambia.MethodsSingle annual MDA rounds with DP were done in 2014 and 2015 in a prospective cohort among residents aged >6 months in twelve villages in The Gambia at the start of the transmission season in June. Monthly blood samples for microscopy and PCR were collected during the transmission season from July to December, post MDA and once before MDA during the dry season in April. The incidence of infection and clinical malaria post-MDA were compared to 2013 and mixed effects logistic regression models assessed the efficacy and risk of re-infection post MDA.ResultsCoverage of 3 DP doses was 68.22% in 2014 and 65.60% in 2015. Compliance to 3 doses was high, 83.11% in 2014 and 85.93% in 2015. Incidence of infection in 2014 (2014: IR=0.23 PPY, 2013: IR=1.12 PPY, p<0.01) and clinical malaria in 2014 (2014: IR=0.08 PPY, 2013: IR=0.39: IRR=0.22, p<0.01) and 2015 (2015: IR=0.19, 2013:IR=0.38, IRR=0.50, p<0.01) was significantly lower after MDA compared to 2013. The incidence of clinical malaria remained higher in eastern Gambia compared to the western region. Subjects that took 3 DP doses had lower odds of infection in 2014 at 28 days (OR=0.61, 95% CI: 0.38–0.99) and 42 days (2014: OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.29–0.89)ConclusionA single annual MDA round with DP temporarily reduced malaria infection and clinical disease during the transmission season and subjects that took 3 doses had lower risk of infection. However, several MDA rounds covering the entire transmission season and some targeting the human reservoir during the dry season, are needed to achieve a more marked sustained reduction of transmission.
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Mpagama, Stellah. "OC 8717 TRANSFER OF LEADERSHIP, WHAT DO WE NEED?" BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A17.1—A17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.41.
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BackgroundThe Pan African Consortium for the Evaluation of Anti-Tuberculosis Antibiotics (PanACEA) was designed to build clinical tuberculosis (TB) trial capacity whilst conducting clinical trials investigating novel and existing agents to shorten and simplify TB treatment. One of the objectives of the programme is to foster leadership development in sub-Saharan TB-endemic countries to move leadership to African partners in the PanACEA research programmes.Methods and resultsIn PanACEA 1 the participation of the sites on the consortium board was important to foster leadership development. African investigators now make up a large part of the consortium leadership and are actively developing new concepts. Delegates of the sites visited the annual PanACEA General Assembly meetings, where they could gain knowledge, actively participate in the meetings and discussions and network with others from the TB research community. Various sites participated at TB research community conferences (e.g. CROI, Lung Health Meeting) where PanACEA members gave presentations and could collaborate with other TB trial networks.In PanACEA 2 all clinical trials are co-led by a European established researcher and an African Principal Investigator (PI), to ensure that African scientists are trained and mentored to lead in every aspect essential to clinical trial delivery, from trial and data management to statistical analysis and trial design, and from financial management to laboratory science. The capacity development cores, which serve as operational support for all PanACEA studies and provide high level oversight, also use the European and African countersystem, including senior and junior co-chairs among the African trial sites.An example of leadership transfer is a large EDCTP application for the development of a new compound in MDR TB (FACE-MDR-TB) in which Stellah Mpagama is the lead applicant.ConclusionThe PanACEA consortium has actively facilitated a transfer of leadership programme which may be successful in future consortia.
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Borel, J. "Potential showstoppers in technology and EDA roadmaps." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 18, no. 6 (November 2001): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2001.970418.
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Shukla, Sandeep, Prabhat Mishra, and Zeljko Zilic. "A Brief History of Multiprocessors and EDA." IEEE Design & Test of Computers 28, no. 3 (May 2011): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2011.50.
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Beyramysoltan, Samira, Hamid Abdollahi, and Rabi A. Musah. "Workflow for the Supervised Learning of Chemical Data: Efficient Data Reduction-Multivariate Curve Resolution (EDR-MCR)." Analytical Chemistry 93, no. 12 (March 19, 2021): 5020–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01427.
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Brahmono, Aditya, Nyilo Purnami, and Bakti Surarso. "Cochlear Dysfunction after Kanamycin Injection in Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients." Folia Medica Indonesiana 56, no. 3 (September 23, 2020): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v56i3.22189.
Full textAbstract:
Long-term exposure to aminoglycoside such as kanamycin to cochlear cells is known to be associated with damage to outer hair cells in the organ Corti and type 1 sensory hair cells in the vestibular organs which ultimately causes permanent damage to hair cells. Hair cell damage occurs from the basal cochlea (high frequency area) to the apex cochlea (low frequency area) and followed by damage from the auditory nerve. Evaluation of cochlear dysfunction on multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) patients have been rarely reported in the literature based on distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Objectives: To prove cochlear dysfunction after kanamycin injection in MDR TB patient based on DPOAE examination of the overall frequencies and specific frequency. This was an observational longitudinal analytic with pre and post design without control group conducted in the infection division of MDR TB Outpatients Pulmonology Department and Otorhinolaryngology Community division of ORL-HNS Department, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, within 3 months in 2018, 15 ear with the best baseline examination were taken by consecutive sampling and statistical analysis for cochlear dysfunction based on overall frequency and specific frequency DPOAE examination using Mc Nemar test. Based on DPOAE examination of overall frequencies there was no cochlear dysfunction (p>0.05) but a significant difference was found at frequency of 10,000 Hertz (Hz) (p=0.002). On ototoxicity monitoring there was no cochlear dysfunction after 4 weeks Kanamycin injection but cochlear dysfunction occurs at a specific frequency of 10,000 Hz.
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Brahmono, Aditya, Nyilo Purnami, and Bakti Surarso. "Cochlear Dysfunction after Kanamycin Injection in Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients." Folia Medica Indonesiana 56, no. 3 (January 14, 2021): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v56i3.24559.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Longterm exposure to aminoglycoside such as kanamycin to cochlear cells is known to be associated with damage to outer hair cells in the organ Cortiand type 1 sensory hair cells in the vestibular organs which ultimately causes permanent damage to hair cells. Hair cell damage occurs from the basal cochlea (high frequency area) to the apex cochlea (low frequency area) and followed by damage from the auditory nerve. Evaluation of cochlear dysfunction on multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) patients have been rarelyreported in the literature based on distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE).Objectives: To prove cochlear dysfunction after kanamycin injection in MDR TB patient based on DPOAE examination of the overall frequencies and specific frequency.Methods: An observational longitudinal analytic with pre and post design without control group conducted in the infection division of MDR TB Outpatients Pulmonology Department and Otorhinolaryngology Community division of ORL-HNS Department Dr. Soetomo general hospital Surabaya, within 3 months in 2018, 15 ear with the best baseline examination were taken by consecutive sampling and statistical analysis for cochlear dysfunction based on overall frequency and specific frequency DPOAE examination using Mc Nemar test.Results: Based on DPOAE examination of overall frequencies there was no cochlear dysfunction (p > 0.05) but a significant difference was found at frequency of 10,000 Hertz (Hz) (p = 0.002 ).Conclusion:On ototoxicity monitoring there was no cochlear dysfunction after 4 weeks Kanamycin injection but cochlear dysfunction occurs at a specific frequency of 10,000 Hz.