Journal articles: 'MDNA'

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Chandran, Harish, Nikhil Gopalkrishnan, Bernard Yurke, and John Reif. "Meta-DNA: synthetic biology via DNA nanostructures and hybridization reactions." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 72 (January 11, 2012): 1637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0819.

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Can a wide range of complex biochemical behaviour arise from repeated applications of a highly reduced class of interactions? In particular, can the range of DNA manipulations achieved by protein enzymes be simulated via simple DNA hybridization chemistry? In this work, we develop a biochemical system which we call meta-DNA (abbreviated as mDNA), based on strands of DNA as the only component molecules. Various enzymatic manipulations of these mDNA molecules are simulated via toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement reactions. We provide a formal model to describe the required properties and operations of our mDNA, and show that our proposed DNA nanostructures and hybridization reactions provide these properties and functionality. Our meta-nucleotides are designed to form flexible linear assemblies (single-stranded mDNA ( ss mDNA)) analogous to single-stranded DNA. We describe various isothermal hybridization reactions that manipulate our mDNA in powerful ways analogous to DNA–DNA reactions and the action of various enzymes on DNA. These operations on mDNA include (i) hybridization of ss mDNA into a double-stranded mDNA ( ds mDNA) and heat denaturation of a ds mDNA into its component ss mDNA, (ii) strand displacement of one ss mDNA by another, (iii) restriction cuts on the backbones of ss mDNA and ds mDNA, (iv) polymerization reactions that extend ss mDNA on a template to form a complete ds mDNA, (v) synthesis of mDNA sequences via mDNA polymerase chain reaction, (vi) isothermal denaturation of a ds mDNA into its component ss mDNA, and (vii) an isothermal replicator reaction that exponentially amplifies ss mDNA strands and may be modified to allow for mutations.

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Shockett, Penny, Januka Khanal, Alina Sitaula, and Robert Kraemer. "Decline in relative plasma cell-free mitochondrial DNA levels in response to prolonged moderate aerobic and eccentric exercise (HUM1P.306)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2015): 52.31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.52.31.

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Abstract Elevated plasma levels of cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mDNA), a cell damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), contribute to neutrophil activation and inflammation in trauma patients, and may occur in cancer and autoimmunity. To further understand relationships between cf-mDNA released by tissue injury, inflammation, and health benefits of exercise, we conducted trial by time experiments for plasma cf-mDNA response to prolonged moderate aerobic exercise, and to eccentric exercise. Seven healthy moderately-trained young men (n=7) completed treadmill exercise trials for 90 min at 60% VO2 max, and resting control trials, and blood was sampled immediately prior to (Pre), during (at +18, +54, and +90 min), and after (R40) trials. A significant difference in cf-mDNA response was observed between exercise and control trials. Specifically, cf-mDNA levels differed at +54 and +90 (with or without plasma volume (PV) shift correction). A significant time effect was observed, with relative cf-mDNA levels declining at +54 and +90 during exercise. These results suggest increased clearance or reduced release of plasma cf-mDNA with exercise. Declines in cf-mDNA were also seen after eccentric exercise. Our finding of cf-mDNA decline with prolonged moderate treadmill and eccentric exercise contrasts with studies by others involving exhaustive short-term treadmill exercise, where cf-mDNA levels were unchanged, and highlights differences between exercise- and trauma-induced inflammation.

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Vallée, Nicolas, Sandrine Gaillard, André Peinnequin, Jean-Jacques Risso, and Jean-Eric Blatteau. "Evidence of cell damages caused by circulating bubbles: high level of free mitochondrial DNA in plasma of rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 115, no. 10 (November 15, 2013): 1526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00025.2013.

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Bubble formation can occur in the vascular system after diving, leading to decompression sickness (DCS). DCS signs and symptoms range from minor to death. Too often, patients are admitted to a hyperbaric center with atypical symptoms, as bubbles cannot be detected anymore. In the absence of a relevant biomarker for humans, the therapeutic management remains difficult. As circulating DNA was found in the blood of healthy humans and animals, our study was made to correlate the extracellular mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) concentration with the occurrence of clinical DCS symptoms resulting from initial bubble-induced damages. Therefore, 109 rats were subjected to decompression from a simulated 90-m sea water dive, after which, 78 rats survived (71.6%). Among the survivors, 15.6% exhibited typical DCS symptoms (DCS group), whereas the remaining 56% showed no detectable symptoms (noDCS group). Here, we report that the symptomatic rats displayed both a circulating mDNA level (DNADCS → 2.99 ± 2.62) and a bubble grade (median Spencer score = 3) higher than rats from the noDCS group (DNAnoDCS → 1.49 ± 1.27; Spencer score = 1). These higher levels could be correlated with the platelet and leukocyte consumption induced by the pathogenic decompression. Rats with no detectable bubble had lower circulating mDNA than those with higher bubble scores. We determined that in rats, a level of circulating mDNA >1.91 was highly predictive of DCS with a positive-predictive value of 87.3% and an odds ratio of 4.57. Thus circulating mDNA could become a relevant biomarker to diagnose DCS and should be investigated further to confirm its potential application in humans.

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Peletiri, I. C., E. I. Ikeh, E. Nna, U. P. Ndike, Y. B. Usman, L. D. Durfa, C. N. Okonkwo, R. Murtala, and C. R. Nnajide. "Quality of metagenomic DNA extracted for molecular identification of microorganisms from CSF samples of patients with suspected cerebrospinal meningitis in northern Nigeria." African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, no. 2 (April 7, 2021): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i2.6.

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Background: Following an increase in the practice of starting antimicrobial therapy prior to clinical sample collection, the ability to confirm pathogenic microorganisms of bacterial meningitis has decreased by approximately 30%. Culture results may be false negative when fastidious or culture-resistant bacteria are involved or when patient samples are obtained after antimicrobial therapy has started. Molecular diagnosis using PCR can be performed directly on clinical samples after metagenomic DNA (mDNA) extraction not requiring live organisms for a positive result. The specific objectives of this study are to perform mDNA extraction directly from cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) using appropriate spin column method, and to determine the quality of the mDNA elute.Methodology: Cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected from 210 patients with suspected acute cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) in the Federal Capital Territory and some States in Northern Nigeria during the 2017 and 2018 outbreak seasons. Metagenomic DNA was extracted from approximately 200µL of CSF specimens using the Qiagen QIAamp(R) DNA Mini kit specific for bacterial agents only. DNA quality check was performed on all DNA elutes using fluorometric, spectrophotometric and agarose gel electrophoresis methods.Results: Of the 210 CSF samples analyzed microbiologically, Gram reaction was positive in 94 cases (44.8 %) but only 17 (8.1 %) were culture positive for two of the three major bacterial causes of meningitis. One hundred and eighty (85.7%) samples had DNA concentrations ≥ 0.005 ng/µL, 55 (30.6 %) of these had DNA purity (A260/A280) of ≥ 1.7, 103 (57.2%) had purity value between 1.0 - 1.69, 14 (7.8%) had value of 0.57 - 0.99, and 8 (4.4%) failed purity evaluation with value of 0.00 at A260/A280.Conclusion: The essence of mDNA extraction is multipurpose. A multiplex PCR can be performed on the extracted mDNA to interrogate the presence of microbial pathogens of interest using specific primers and probes (when applicable). Quality mDNA from CSF samples will ensure successful qPCR results for rapid and accurate detection of bacterial pathogens in meningitis. This will eliminate the challenges associated with traditional culture methods. Keywords: Meningitis, CSF, DNA Quality Check, Fluorometry

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Chen, Jenhui, Obinna Agbodike, and Lei Wang. "Memory-Based Deep Neural Attention (mDNA) for Cognitive Multi-Turn Response Retrieval in Task-Oriented Chatbots." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 22, 2020): 5819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175819.

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One of the important criteria used in judging the performance of a chatbot is the ability to provide meaningful and informative responses that correspond with the context of a user’s utterance. Nowadays, the number of enterprises adopting and relying on task-oriented chatbots for profit is increasing. Dialog errors and inappropriate response to user queries by chatbots can result in huge cost implications. To achieve high performance, recent AI chatbot models are increasingly adopting the Transformer positional encoding and the attention-based architecture. While the transformer performs optimally in sequential generative chatbot models, recent studies has pointed out the occurrence of logical inconsistency and fuzzy error problems when the Transformer technique is adopted in retrieval-based chatbot models. Our investigation discovers that the encountered errors are caused by information losses. Therefore, in this paper, we address this problem by augmenting the Transformer-based retrieval chatbot architecture with a memory-based deep neural attention (mDNA) model by using an approach similar to late data fusion. The mDNA is a simple encoder-decoder neural architecture that comprises of bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM), attention mechanism, and a memory for information retention in the encoder. In our experiments, we trained the model extensively on a large Ubuntu dialog corpus, and the results from recall evaluation scores show that the mDNA augmentation approach slightly outperforms selected state-of-the-art retrieval chatbot models. The results from the mDNA augmentation approach are quite impressive.

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de Laat, Paul, Richard R. Rodenburg, Nel Roeleveld, Saskia Koene, Jan A. Smeitink, and Mirian CH Janssen. "Six-year prospective follow-up study in 151 carriers of the mitochondrial DNA 3243 A>G variant." Journal of Medical Genetics 58, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106800.

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BackgroundThe mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) 3243A>G variant is the most common pathogenic variant of the mDNA. To interpret results of clinical trials in mitochondrial disease, it is important to have a clear understanding of the natural course of disease. To obtain more insight into the disease burden and the progression of disease in carriers of the mDNA 3243 A>G variant, we followed a cohort of 151 carriers from 61 families prospectively for up to 6 years.MethodsThe disease severity was scored using the Newcastle Mitochondrial Disease Adult Scale (NMDAS), including SF-36 quality of life (QoL) scores. Heteroplasmy levels were measured in urinary epithelial cells (UEC), leucocytes and saliva. The progression of the disease was studied using linear mixed model analysis.ResultsOne hundred twenty-four carriers (out of 151) were symptomatic. Four clinical groups were identified: 1) classical mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome (n=7), 2) maternally inherited diabetes deafness syndrome (n=60), 3) ‘other’ (n=57) and 4) dormant carriers (n=27). A yearly increase of NMDAS score of 0.47 point was measured in the total group. Heteroplasmy levels in both leucocytes and UEC were only weakly correlated with disease severity. Physical QoL declined with age. The most important determinants of QoL decline were hearing loss, speech problems, exercise intolerance, gait instability, psychiatric problems and gastrointestinal involvement.ConclusionThe mDNA 3243 A>G variant causes a slowly progressive disease, with a yearly increase of NMDAS score of ~0.5 point overall with the clinical phenotype being the only determinant of disease progression.

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Smail, Emily, Brion Maher, Ann Moore, Pei-Lun Kuo, Mark Wu, Dominique Low, Katie Stone, and Adam Spira. "Links of Sleep Duration with Biomarkers of Accelerated Aging: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2512.

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Abstract Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation have been linked to markers of biological aging, including methylation change and increases in white blood cell and neutrophil counts. However, little is known regarding the association of sleep duration with biological markers of aging. We investigated links of self-reported sleep duration with biological aging markers in 615 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) aged ≥50 years (mean = 71.0 ± 11.2, 49.6% women, 68.8% white) with data on self-reported sleep duration in hours (i.e., ≤6 (n=131), >6 to 7 (n=234), >7 (n=250)), demographics, and genetic and methylation data (mDNA). Our aging biomarker outcomes were four epigenetic clocks (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, and GrimAge), mDNA-estimated PAI1, and estimated granulocyte count. After adjustment for age, sex, and race, compared to those sleeping ≤6 hours, those reporting >7 hours of sleep had faster biological aging according to Hannum age-acceleration, PhenoAge, GrimAge, mDNA-estimated PAI1, and granulocyte count. In addition, sleep duration interacted with age, such that compared to individuals reporting ≤6 hours of sleep, individuals reporting >6 to 7 hours showed lower GrimAge with increasing age, and with sex, such that males with longer sleep duration (>6 to 7 and >7 hours) showed a lower granulocyte count compared to females. Findings suggest that both short and long sleep duration are associated with and may contribute to accelerated aging. Prospective studies in larger samples are needed to examine whether changes in sleep duration precede changes in aging biomarkers.

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Tessa, Alessandro, Aldo Giannotti, Luigi Tieri, Laura Vilarinho, Giacomo Marotta, and Filippo M. Santorelli. "Maternally inherited deafness associated with a T1095C mutation in the mDNA." European Journal of Human Genetics 9, no. 2 (February 2001): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200601.

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Magnani, M., G. Brandi, A. Casabianca, A. Fraternale, G. F. Schiavano, L. Rossi, and L. Chiarantini. "2′,3′-Dideoxycytidine metabolism in a new drug-resistant cell line." Biochemical Journal 312, no. 1 (November 15, 1995): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3120115.

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2′,3′-Dideoxycytidine (ddC) is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in vitro and is currently used in the therapy of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This compound exerts a delayed cytotoxicity due to inhibition of mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) synthesis. Long-term exposure of U937 human monoblastoid cells to ddC resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in mDNA content and Rhodamine 123 fluorescence. However, after 2 months on 0.1 microM ddC, a drug-resistant cell line (U937-R) with 66% of the normal amount of mDNA was isolated. ddC transport in U937 and U937-R cell lines was similar. In contrast, U937-R accumulated ddC phosphorylated derivatives at a much lower rate and to a reduced concentration into acid-soluble material. The rate of 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine 5′-triphosphate (ddCTP) formation in U937-R cells was almost one-third of that measured in normal cells, although the rate of ddCTP catabolism was similar in both cell lines. Dideoxyliponucleotide (ddCDP-choline and ddCDP-ethanolamine) formation was also much slower (between one-half and one-third as fast) in U937-R than in control cells, although catabolism occurred at similar rates. ddC was phosphorylated by a cytoplasmic deoxycytidine kinase in both cell lines. This enzyme showed Km values for ddC of 80 +/- 7 and 140 +/- 9 microM in U937 and U937-R cells respectively. Furthermore, Vmax was 12 +/- 1.1 and 7.8 +/- 0.5 pmol/min per mg of protein in U937 and U937-R. Thus resistance to ddC toxicity may be due to cells' decreased ability to accumulate intracellular ddC anabolites, which may depend on cytoplasmic deoxycytidine kinase.

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Schuliga, Michael, Jane Read, Kaj E. C. Blokland, David W. Waters, Janette Burgess, Cecilia Prêle, Steven E. Mutsaers, et al. "Self DNA perpetuates IPF lung fibroblast senescence in a cGAS-dependent manner." Clinical Science 134, no. 7 (April 2020): 889–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20191160.

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Abstract Senescence and mitochondrial stress are mutually reinforcing age-related processes that contribute to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); a lethal disease that manifests primarily in the elderly. Whilst evidence is accumulating that GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is crucial in perpetuating senescence by binding damaged DNA released into the cytosol, its role in IPF is not known. The present study examines the contributions of cGAS and self DNA to the senescence of lung fibroblasts from IPF patients (IPF-LFs) and age-matched controls (Ctrl-LFs). cGAS immunoreactivity was observed in regions of fibrosis associated with fibroblasts in lung tissue of IPF patients. Pharmacological inhibition of cGAS or its knockdown by silencing RNA (siRNA) diminished the escalation of IPF-LF senescence in culture over 7 days as measured by decreased p21 and p16 expression, histone 2AXγ phosphorylation and/or IL-6 production (P < 0.05, n = 5–8). The targeting of cGAS also attenuated etoposide-induced senescence in Ctrl-LFs (P < 0.05, n = 5–8). Levels of mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) detected by qPCR in the cytosol and medium of IPF-LFs or senescence-induced Ctrl-LFs were higher than Ctrl-LFs at baseline (P < 0.05, n = 5–7). The addition of DNAse I (100 U/ml) deaccelerated IPF-LF senescence (P < 0.05, n = 5), whereas ectopic mDNA or the induction of endogenous mDNA release augmented Ctrl-LF senescence in a cGAS-dependent manner (P < 0.05, n = 5). In conclusion, we provide evidence that cGAS reinforces lung fibroblast senescence involving damaged self DNA. The targeting of cGAS to supress senescent-like responses may have potential important therapeutic implications in the treatment of IPF.

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Lobanovskaya, P. Y., L. N. Akimova, and E. E. Kheidorova. "Distribution and characteristics of <i>Ashworthius sidemi</i> Schulz, 1933 (Nematoda, Trichostrongylidae) in wild ungulates in Belarus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 67, no. 2 (May 4, 2022): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2022-67-2-172-180.

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The material was collected during the period 2018‒2021 by dissection of internal organs of European bisons, red deers, European roe deers and elks. The found helminths were identified morphologically and using molecular genetic tools. Analysis of 16 ND4 mDNA sequences of A. sidemi revealed low level of genetic diversity which may indicate that Ashworthius sidemi in Belarus spread from one source.

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Godler, David E., and David J. Amor. "DNA methylation analysis for screening and diagnostic testing in neurodevelopmental disorders." Essays in Biochemistry 63, no. 6 (November 7, 2019): 785–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20190056.

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Abstract DNA methylation (mDNA) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), however its use in diagnostic testing has been largely restricted to a handful of methods for locus-specific analysis in monogenic syndromes. Recent studies employing genome-wide methylation analysis (GWMA) have explored utility of a single array-based test to detect methylation changes in probands negative by exome sequencing, and to diagnose different monogenic NDDs with defined epigenetic signatures. While this may be a more efficient approach, several significant barriers remain. These include non-uniform and low coverage of regulatory regions that may have CG-rich sequences, and lower analytical sensitivity as compared with locus-specific analyses that may result in methylation mosaicism not being detected. A major challenge associated with the above technologies, regardless of whether the analysis is locus specific or genome wide, is the technical bias introduced by indirect analysis of methylation. This review summarizes evidence from the most recent studies in this field and discusses future directions, including direct analysis of methylation using long-read technologies and detection of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC or total mDNA) and 5-hydroxymethylacytosine (5-hmC) as biomarkers of NDDs.

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Chen, Hai-Ying, Jia-Long Guo, and Zhan-Guo Li. "Significance of anti-cell membrane-associated DNA (mDNA) antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus." Clinical Rheumatology 27, no. 2 (July 21, 2007): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-007-0675-1.

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Zhao, Yufen, Wenjie Cheng, Corinne L. D. Gibb, Goutam Gupta, and Neville R. Kallenbach. "HMG Box Proteins Interact With Multiple Tandemly Repeated (GCC)n•(GGC)mDNA Sequences." Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 14, no. 2 (October 1996): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.1996.10508113.

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Uzunov, Blagoy, Katerina Stefanova, Mariana Radkova, Jean-Pierre Descy, Georg Gärtner, and Maya Stoyneva-Gärtner. "First Report on Microcystis as a Potential Microviridin Producer in Bulgarian Waterbodies." Toxins 13, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070448.

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Bulgaria, situated on the Balkan Peninsula, is rich in small and shallow, natural and man-made non-lotic waterbodies, which are threatened by blooms of Cyanoprokaryota/Cyanobacteria. Although cyanotoxins in Bulgarian surface waters are receiving increased attention, there is no information on microviridins and their producers. This paper presents results from a phytoplankton study, conducted in August 2019 in three lakes (Durankulak, Vaya, Uzungeren) and five reservoirs (Duvanli, Mandra, Poroy, Sinyata Reka, Zhrebchevo) in which a molecular-genetic analysis (PCR based on the precursor mdnA gene and subsequent translation to amino acid alignments), combined with conventional light microscopy and an HPLC analysis of marker pigments, were applied for the identification of potential microviridin producers. The results provide evidence that ten strains of the genus Microcystis, and of its most widespread species M. aeruginosa in particular, are potentially toxigenic in respect to microviridins. The mdnA sequences were obtained from all studied waterbodies and their translation to amino-acid alignments revealed the presence of five microviridin variants (types B/C, Izancya, CBJ55500.1 (Microcystis 199), and MC19, as well as a variant, which was very close to type A). This study adds to the general understanding of the microviridin occurrence, producers, and sequence diversity.

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Pirnay, Stephane O., Tsadik T. Abraham, and Marilyn A. Huestis. "Sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Measurement of MDEA, MDMA, and Metabolites HMA, MDA, and HMMA in Human Urine." Clinical Chemistry 52, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 1728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2006.069054.

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Abstract Background: A sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous measurement of MDEA, MDMA, and its metabolites, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy), and its metabolites, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMMA) in human urine. Methods: We hydrolyzed 1 mL urine, fortified with MDMA-d5, MDA-d5, and MDEA-d6, with 100 μL of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 120 °C for 40 min, then added 100 μL 10 N sodium hydroxide and 3 mL phosphate buffer 0.1 N (pH 6.0) were added to hydrolyzed urine specimens before solid-phase extraction. After elution and evaporation, we derivatized extracts with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operated in EI-selected ion-monitoring mode. Results: Limits of quantification were 25 μg/L for MDEA, MDMA, and its metabolites. Calibration curves were linear to 5000 μg/L for MDEA, MDMA, HMA, MDA, and HMMA, with a minimum r2 > 0.99. At 3 concentrations spanning the linear dynamic range of the assay, mean overall extraction efficiencies from urine were >85.5% for all compounds of interest. Intra- and interassay imprecisions, produced as CV, were <15% for all drugs at 30, 300, and 3000 μg/L. Conclusions: This gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay provides adequate sensitivity and performance characteristics for the simultaneous quantification of MDEA, MDMA, and its metabolites HMMA, MDA, and HMA in human urine. The method meets and exceeds the requirements of the proposed Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s guidelines for federal workplace drug testing of MDEA and MDMA in urine.

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Zhu, Liang, Xingqing Feng, Shenhao Yang, Jianyun Wang, Yixin Pan, Jinhua Ding, Chenglin Li, Xiaoxing Yin, and Yanyan Yu. "Colorimetric detection of immunomagnetically captured rare number CTCs using mDNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 172 (January 2021): 112780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112780.

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Choi, Byung-Moon, Bong Jin Kang, Ho-Yong Yun, Bokyoung Jeon, Ji-Yeon Bang, and Gyu-Jeong Noh. "Performance of the MP570T pulse oximeter in volunteers participating in the controlled desaturation study: a comparison of seven probes." Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 15, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17085/apm.20028.

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Background: The performance of the pulse oximeter was evaluated based on the ISO 80601-2-61:2011 (E) guidelines. This study aimed to determine whether the various finger probes of the MP570T pulse oximeter (MEK-ICS Co., Ltd., Korea) would provide clinically reliable peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) readings over a range of 70100% arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during non-motion conditions.Methods: Each volunteer (n = 12) was connected to a breathing circuit for the administration of a hypoxic gas mixture. For frequent blood sampling, an arterial cannula was placed in a radial artery. The following seven pulse oximeter probes were simultaneously attached to each volunteer’s fingers: (1) WA-100 reusable finger probe (MEDNIS Co., Ltd., Korea), (2) MDNA disposable finger probe (MEDNIS Co., Ltd.), (3) IS-1011 disposable finger probe (Insung Medical Co., Ltd., Korea), (4) CJ340NA disposable finger probe (CHUN JI IN Medical Co., Ltd., Korea), (5) NellcorTM OxiMax DS-100A reusable finger probe (Medtronic, USA), (6) NellcorTM OxiMax MAX-N disposable finger probe (Medtronic), and (7) OXI-PRO DA disposable finger probe (Bio-Protech Inc., Korea). Results: A total of 275 SpO2-SaO2 pairs were included in the analysis. The accuracy of the root mean square (Arms) of each probe was 2.83%, 3.98%, 3.75%, 6.84%, 3.43%, 5.17%, and 3.84%, respectively.Conclusions: The MP570T pulse oximeter with WA-100 reusable, MDNA disposable, IS-1011 disposable, NellcorTM OxiMax DS-100A reusable, and OXI-PRO DA disposable finger probes meets an acceptable standard of SpO2 accuracy under non-motion conditions.

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Liedtke, Victoria, Laura Rose, Rico Hiemann, Abdullah Nasser, Stefan Rödiger, Alena Bonaventura, Laura Winkler, et al. "Over-Expression of LEDGF/p75 in HEp-2 Cells Enhances Autoimmune IgG Response in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia—A Novel Diagnostic Approach with Therapeutic Consequence?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 6166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076166.

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Lens epithelium-derived growth factor splice variant of 75 kDa (LEDGF/p75) is an autoantigen over-expressed in solid tumors and acts as a stress-related transcriptional co-activator. Participation of autoimmune responses in the pathophysiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (PBH) and a corresponding immunosuppressive therapy by TNFalpha antagonists has been recently suggested. Thus, autoAb testing could aid in the diagnosis of BPH patients profiting from such therapy. We generated CRISPR/Cas9 modified HEp-2 LEDGF knock-out (KO) and HEp-2 LEDGF/p75 over-expressing (OE) cells and examined IgG autoantibody reactivity to LEDGF/p75 in patients with prostate cancer (PCa, n = 89), bladder cancer (BCa, n = 116), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH, n = 103), and blood donors (BD, n = 60) by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Surprisingly, we could not detect elevated binding of autoAbs against LEDGF/p75 in cancer patients, but autoAb reactivity to LEDGF/p75 OE cells in about 50% of patients with BPH was unexpectedly significantly increased. Furthermore, a line immunoassay enabling the detection of 18 different autoAbs revealed a significantly increased occurrence of anti-dsDNA autoAbs in 34% of BPH patients in contrast to tumor patients and BD. This finding was confirmed by anti-mitochondrial (mDNA) autoAb detection with the Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test, which also showed a significantly higher prevalence (34%) of anti-mDNA autoAbs in BPH. In summary, our study provided further evidence for the occurrence of autoimmune responses in BPH. Furthermore, LEDGF/p75 over-expression renders HEp-2 cells more autoantigenic and an ideal target for autoAb analysis in BPH with a potential therapy consequence.

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Peters, Frank T., Nele Samyn, Caroline TJ Lamers, Wim J. Riedel, Thomas Kraemer, Gert de Boeck, and Hans H. Maurer. "Drug Testing in Blood: Validated Negative-Ion Chemical Ionization Gas Chromatographic–Mass Spectrometric Assay for Enantioselective Measurement of the Designer Drugs MDEA, MDMA, and MDA and Its Application to Samples from a Controlled Study with MDMA." Clinical Chemistry 51, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1811–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2005.052746.

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Abstract Background: The enantiomers of the designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) differ in their pharmacologic and toxicologic potency. The aim of this study was to develop an assay for measuring these enantiomers in small plasma volumes and to analyze samples from a controlled study with MDMA. Methods: The analytes were extracted from ≤0.2 mL of plasma by mixed-mode solid-phase extraction. After derivatization with S-(−)-heptafluorobutyrylprolyl chloride, the resulting diastereomers were separated by gas chromatography (HP-5MS) within 17 min and detected by mass spectrometry in the negative-ion chemical ionization mode. The method was fully validated and applied to samples from a controlled study in which a single dose of racemic MDMA (75 mg) was administered. Results: The derivatized enantiomers were well separated and detected with good sensitivity. The assay was linear (per enantiomer) at 1–50 μg/L for MDA and 5–250 μg/L for MDMA and MDEA. Analytical recovery, accuracy, repeatability, and intermediate precision data were within required limits. Extraction yields were 82.1%–95.3%. In the study samples, concentrations of R-(−)-MDMA significantly exceeded those of S-(+)-MDMA. Their ratios (R vs S) were always >1.0 and increased over time. Concentrations of S-(+)-MDA exceeded those of R-(−)-MDA, their ratios (R vs S) also increasing over time but remaining <1.0. Conclusions: This assay enables sensitive, reliable, and fast enantioselective measurement of MDA, MDMA, and MDEA in small volumes of plasma. The controlled study data confirm previous findings of MDMA and MDA enantiomer ratios (R vs S) increasing over time after ingestion of racemic MDMA.

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Peters, Frank T., Nele Samyn, Thomas Kraemer, Wim J. Riedel, and Hans H. Maurer. "Negative-Ion Chemical Ionization Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Assay for Enantioselective Measurement of Amphetamines in Oral Fluid: Application to a Controlled Study with MDMA and Driving Under the Influence Cases." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2006.081547.

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Abstract Background: Enantioselective analysis of amphetamine (AM), methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) helps interpret toxicological results. Methods have been described for various matrices, but so far not for oral fluid, a matrix of increasing importance in testing for drugs of abuse, especially in the context of driving under the influence of drugs (DUID). Methods: After dilution with 200 μL carbonate buffer (pH 9), oral fluid samples (10–50 μL) were derivatized with S-heptafluorobutyrylprolyl chloride. The resulting diastereomers were extracted into 100 μL of cyclohexane, separated by gas chromatography (HP-5MS column), and detected by mass spectrometry in the negative-ion chemical ionization mode (GC-NICI-MS). The method was validated and applied to samples from a controlled study with MDMA and from authentic DUID cases. Results: The derivatized AM, MA, MDA, MDMA, and MDEA enantiomers were well separated from each other. The method was linear from 5–250 μg/L per enantiomer of MDA and from 25–1250 μg/L per enantiomer of AM, MA, MDMA, and MDEA. With the exception of MDEA, analytical recoveries, repeatability, and intermediate precision were within required limits. The analyte concentrations and enantiomer ratios in the application samples correlated only weakly with corresponding published plasma data. Conclusions: This sensitive, reliable, and fast GC-NICI-MS assay enantioselectively measures AM, MA, MDA, and MDMA in oral fluid samples. Prediction of plasma concentrations and enantiomer ratios from respective oral fluid data is not possible.

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Kolbrich, Erin A., Ross H. Lowe, and Marilyn A. Huestis. "Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Electron-Impact Mass Spectrometry with Cryofocusing for Simultaneous Quantification of MDMA, MDA, HMMA, HMA, and MDEA in Human Plasma." Clinical Chemistry 54, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.096800.

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Abstract Background: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or Ecstasy) is a popular recreational drug. Analysis of MDMA and metabolites in human plasma, particularly in pharmacokinetic studies, requires low limits of quantification. Two-dimensional GC/MS with cryofocusing is a chromatographic technique recognized for its increased selectivity and resolution. Methods: This method simultaneously quantifies 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), MDMA, and its metabolites, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HMA) in human plasma. With hydrochloric acid, we hydrolyzed 1 mL plasma, fortified with internal standard. Analytes were subjected to solid-phase extraction, derivatized with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride, and quantified using cryofocused 2-dimensional GC/MS operated in electron-impact selected ion-monitoring mode. Results: Limits of quantification were 1.0 μg/L for MDA and 2.5 μg/L for MDEA, MDMA, HMMA, and HMA. Calibration curves were linear to 100 μg/L for MDA and HMA and to 400 μg/L for MDEA, MDMA, and HMMA, with r2 > 0.997. At 3 concentrations spanning the linear dynamic range of the assay, mean overall extraction efficiencies from plasma were ≥85% for all compounds of interest. Recoveries were 85.6% to 107.2% of target, and intra- and interassay imprecision (CV) was <8.5% for all drugs at 3 concentrations within the range of the assay. None of the 66 exogenous compounds tested interfered with analyte quantification. Conclusions: This GC/MS assay provides low limits of quantification for simultaneous determination of MDEA, MDMA, and metabolites MDA, HMMA, and HMA in human plasma. The 2D chromatographic system should be suitable for application to other analytes and to other complex matrices.

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Sarhan, Moustafa, Ahmed Badry, Mahmoud Younes, and Mostafa Saleh. "Genetic diversity within Leiurus quinquestriatus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) populations in Egypt as inferred from 16S mDNA sequence analysis." Zoology in the Middle East 66, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2020.1788256.

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Clauwaert, Karine M., Jan F. Van Bocxlaer, Els A. De Letter, Serge Van Calenbergh, Willy E. Lambert, and André P. De Leenheer. "Determination of the Designer Drugs 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and Fluorescence Detection in Whole Blood, Serum, Vitreous Humor, and Urine." Clinical Chemistry 46, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1968–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/46.12.1968.

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Abstract Background: The popular designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) can be determined in serum, whole blood, and urine, but also in vitreous humor. The latter matrix is interesting when dealing with decomposed bodies in a toxicological setting. Methods: After extraction, chromatographic separation was achieved on a narrow-bore C18 column by gradient elution with fluorometric detection; results were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: The method was linear over the range of 2–1000 μg/L for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 0.1–5 mg/L for urine. Extraction recoveries were >70%, imprecision (CV) was 2.5–19%, and analytical recoveries were 95.5–104.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.8 and 2 μg/L, respectively, for whole blood, serum, and vitreous humor, and 2.5 μg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, for urine. Excellent correlations between the quantitative LC-fluorescence and LC-MS/MS results were obtained. We found the following concentrations in a thanatochemical distribution study in rabbits: in serum, 5.3–685 μg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 14.5 μg/L for 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA); in whole blood, 19.7–710 μg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 17.8 μg/L for MDA; in vitreous humor, 12.1–97.8 μg/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 3.86 μg/L for MDA. In routine toxicological urine samples, concentrations ranged from LOQ to 14.62 mg/L for MDA, from LOQ to 157 mg/L for MDMA, and from LOQ to 32.54 mg/L for MDEA. Conclusions: The HPLC method described is sensitive, specific, and suitable for the determination of MDMA, MDEA, and MDA in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine.

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Nye, Verity, Jon Copley, Sophie Plouviez, and Cindy Lee Van Dover. "A new species ofLebbeus(Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) from the Von Damm Vent Field, Caribbean Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 3 (August 13, 2012): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412000884.

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A new species of the hippolytid shrimp genusLebbeusWhite, 1847 is described from the Von Damm Vent Field (VDVF) on the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean Sea, at 2294 m water depth.Lebbeus virentovasp. nov. is defined and illustrated from seven specimens, with brief notes on its distribution and habitat. Molecular phylogenetic data from the COI mDNA region are used to analyse the species’ phylogenetic position, and its morphology is compared with previously described species. This new species represents the second family of caridean shrimp to be reported from the VDVF.Lebbeus virentovasp. nov. is the eighth member of the genus to be described from hydrothermal vents and appears to be the first hippolytid shrimp at a vent field known from outside the Pacific Ocean.

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Ziemert, Nadine, Keishi Ishida, Annika Weiz, Christian Hertweck, and Elke Dittmann. "Exploiting the Natural Diversity of Microviridin Gene Clusters for Discovery of Novel Tricyclic Depsipeptides." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 11 (April 2, 2010): 3568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02858-09.

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ABSTRACT Microviridins are ribosomally synthesized tricyclic depsipeptides produced by different genera of cyanobacteria. The prevalence of the microviridin gene clusters and the natural diversity of microviridin precursor sequences are currently unknown. Screening of laboratory strains and field samples of the bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis via PCR revealed global occurrence of the microviridin pathway and an unexpected natural variety. We could detect 15 new variants of the precursor gene mdnA encoding microviridin backbones that differ in up to 4 amino acid positions from known isoforms of the peptide. The survey not only provides insights into the versatility of the biosynthetic enzymes in a closely related group of cyanobacteria, but also facilitates the discovery and characterization of cryptic microviridin variants. This is demonstrated for microviridin L in M icrocystis aeruginosa strain NIES843 and heterologously produced variants.

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Kumazawa, Takeshi, Kenji Hara, Chika Hasegawa, Seisaku Uchigasaki, Xiao-Pen Lee, Hiroshi Seno, Osamu Suzuki, and Keizo Sato. "Fragmentation Pathways of Trifluoroacetyl Derivatives of Methamphetamine, Amphetamine, and Methylenedioxyphenylalkylamine Designer Drugs by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2011 (August 22, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/318148.

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Methamphetamine (MA), amphetamine (AM), and the methylenedioxyphenylalkylamine designer drugs, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA), N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine (MBDB), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 3,4-(methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine (BDB), are widely abused as psychedelics. In this paper, these compounds were derivatized with trifluoroacetic (TFA) anhydride and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using electron ionization in positive mode. Gas chromatographic separation for TFA derivatives of all compounds was successfully resolved using an Equity-5 fused silica capillary column with a poly (5% diphenyl-95% dimethylsiloxane) stationary phase. Base peaks or prominent peaks of MA, AM, MDMA, MDEA, MBDB, MDA, and BDB appeared at m/z 154, 140, 154, 168, 168, 135, and 135, respectively. These occurred due to α-cleavage from the amide nitrogen, splitting into the TFA imine species and benzyl or methylenedioxybenzyl cations. Further prominent fragment ions at m/z 118 for MA and AM, m/z 162 for MDMA, MDEA, and MDA, and m/z 176 for MBDB and BDB were produced by cleavage of the phenylpropane or methylenedioxypropane hydrocarbon radical cation via a hydrogen rearrangement. These fragmentation pathways for the TFA derivatives of all the compounds are summarized and illustrated in this paper.

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Ahn, Jung Hyun, Kwang Hyun Byun, Bo Kyeung Jung, and Min Young Lee. "Screening of A1555G mDNA Variant Using U-TOP™HL Genotyping Kit in Korean Family with Progressive Hearing Loss." Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 64, no. 2 (February 21, 2021): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3342/kjorl-hns.2020.00304.

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Recently, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the U-TOP™HL Genotyping Kit has been introduced to detect genetic hearing loss caused by certain type of gene variants popularly found in Korea. The mitochondrial 12S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) genes are related to aminoglycoside induced or non-syndromic, sensorineural hearing loss. Among them, 1555A>G is commonly found and reported worldwide. We are presenting the case of a mother and a son, who were screened by real-time PCR using the U-TOP™HL Genotyping Kit and were found both to have the mitochondrial 12s rRNA 1555A>G variant with a different hearing loss phenotype. This report encourages clinicians to use this or similar screen methods for patients with familial hearing loss.

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Berbegal, Carmen, Lucía Polo, Victoria Lizama, Inmaculada Álvarez, Sergi Ferrer, Isabel Pardo, and Mª José García-Esparza. "Influence of Native S. cerevisiae Strains on the Final Characteristics of “Pago” Garnacha Wines from East Spain." Beverages 9, no. 1 (February 13, 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages9010017.

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This work studies the variability of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae present during the spontaneous fermentation of Garnacha grapes’ musts from a “Pago” winery from the east of Spain. The parameters used to select yeast are those related to growth, fermentative behaviour, and the influence on the wine’s aroma and polyphenolic composition. Yeast identification was performed by ITS analysis and typed by Hinfl mDNA restriction profile analysis. Growth and metabolic characteristics of the isolates were determined by laboratory-scale fermentations of sterile Garnacha must, and the composition of the polyphenolic and the volatile compounds, and the sensory attributes of the small-scale produced red wines were determined. Ten S. cerevisiae strains were isolated and characterized. Overall, strain 22H quickly grew, produced wines with moderate ethanol concentrations and low volatile acidity, and obtained the highest colour and aroma scores, plus a high score for sensory attributes.

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Noggle, F. Taylor, Jack DeRuiter, and Melinda J. Long. "Spectrophotometric and Liquid Chromatographic Identification of 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine and Its N-Methyl and N-Ethyl Homologs." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 4 (July 1, 1986): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.4.681.

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Abstract 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine (MDA) is an hallucinogenic drug that somewhat resembles lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in its effects. Recently, widespread abuse of the N-methyl homolog (MDMA) of MDA has led to federal control. This article reports on the synthesis of the N-ethyl homolog (MDEA) of MDA as well as spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods for identification of the 3 homologs.

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Schmidt, Vanina, Ornella Lo Giusto, Gabriela Di Puglia, Florencia Martucci, Analía Alvarez Ituraín, and Ayelén Bustamante. "Riesgos y cuidados de jóvenes usuarios/as de sustancias psicoactivas. Una aproximación cuantitativa a sus prácticas en eventos nocturnos de la ciudad de Buenos Aires." OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales 18, no. 2 (July 25, 2023): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/obets.23150.

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Introducción. El presente estudio indaga los riesgos y cuidados de jóvenes usuarios/as de sustancias psicoactivas que asisten a eventos nocturnos de presencia masiva. Como objetivo adicional, se construyó y validó un instrumento para evaluar las prácticas que se desarrollan en tales escenarios. Método. Participantes: 115 sujetos usuarios/as de sustancias psicoactivas (65% mujeres y 35% varones) de 18 a 30 años que asistían a eventos nocturnos de presencia masiva de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires/Argentina. Instrumentos: Cuestionario sociodemográfico, Escala de Prácticas de Riesgo y Cuidados en Escenarios Nocturnos (EPEN) y Cuestionario de Identificación de los Trastornos Debidos al Consumo de Alcohol (AUDIT-C). Resultados: Las prácticas de cuidado predominan por sobre las prácticas de riesgo, en especial las prácticas de auto-cuidado (Mdna = 30) y los cuidados que provee el grupo (Mdna = 27) (diferencias significativas a nivel p < .001). No hubo diferencias entre géneros y grupos de edad. Respecto del instrumento para evaluar las prácticas en escenarios nocturnos, el estudio muestra una estructura de tres factores para evaluar prácticas de riesgo [χ2 = 168.99, gl = 161, p = .32, TLI = .90, CFI = .92 y RMSEA = .02] y tres factores para evaluar las prácticas de cuidado [χ2= 152.33, gl = 149, p = .41, TLI = .94, CFI = .95 y RMSEA = .01]. Estos tres factores se corresponden con tres niveles de análisis diferenciables: individual, grupal y del entorno. La confiabilidad de cada factor fue adecuada (Alpha = de .70 a .82) excepto para la subescala de Cuidado Grupal (Alpha = .55). Las asociaciones de los factores con variables relacionadas como consumo de alcohol (r = de .25 a .43; p < .05) y con la participación en encuentros previos a la asistencia del evento (U = 553; p < .01 para Riesgo Total y U = 561; p < .01 para Cuidado Total) aportaron evidencia adicional de validez convergente del instrumento de evaluación. Conclusión: Conocer la prevalencia de prácticas de riesgo y de cuidado con herramientas de rastrillaje válidas y confiables es fundamental para orientar políticas de prevención y promoción de la salud en grupos poblacionales específicos. Estudios futuros permitirán conocer otros indicadores de validez de la escala y su uso en diferentes contextos.

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Nye, Verity, Jon Copley, Katrin Linse, and Sophie Plouviez. "Iheyaspira bathycodon new species (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea: Turbinidae: Skeneinae) from the Von Damm Vent Field, Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 4 (August 13, 2012): 1017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412000823.

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Iheyaspira bathycodon sp. nov. is described from the Von Damm Vent Field on the world's deepest spreading centre, the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre (MCSC), Caribbean, at 2300 m depth. The new species is defined and illustrated from 11 specimens, with brief notes on habitat and known distribution. Molecular phylogenetic data from partial COI mDNA, 16S rDNA and nuclear 18S rDNA regions are used to analyse the species’ phylogenetic position and its morphology is compared with previously described skeneid and vent taxa. The new species is distinguished from the most closely allied vent species, Iheyaspira lequios Okutani, Sasaki & Tsuchida, 2000 by morphological differences in radula diagnosis and appendage structure of the head-foot. Iheyaspira bathycodon sp. nov. is the tenth turbinid to be described from a hydrothermal-vent environment and the second species to be named from recently discovered hydrothermal vents on the MCSC. Determining the faunal composition of assemblages at the vent fields of the MCSC will help to elucidate the vent biogeography of the region.

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Hensley, D., and J. T. Cody. "Simultaneous Determination of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) Enantiomers by GC-MS." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 23, no. 6 (October 1, 1999): 518–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/23.6.518.

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DACOSTA, J., and A. CHASIN. "Determination of MDMA, MDEA and MDA in urine by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection." Journal of Chromatography B 811, no. 1 (November 5, 2004): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-0232(04)00630-0.

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DACOSTA, J., and A. CHASIN. "Determination of MDMA, MDEA and MDA in urine by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection." Journal of Chromatography B 811, no. 1 (November 5, 2004): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.03.076.

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Holmes, Laurens, Andrew Lim, Camillia R. Comeaux, Kirk W. Dabney, and Osatohamwen Okundaye. "DNA Methylation of Candidate Genes (ACE II, IFN-γ, AGTR 1, CKG, ADD1, SCNN1B and TLR2) in Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Evidence Synthesis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (December 1, 2019): 4829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234829.

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Physical, chemical, and social environments adversely affect the molecular process and results in cell signal transduction and the subsequent transcription factor dysregulation, leading to impaired gene expression and abnormal protein synthesis. Stressful environments such as social adversity, isolation, sustained social threats, physical inactivity, and highly methylated diets predispose individuals to molecular level alterations such as aberrant epigenomic modulations that affect homeostasis and hemodynamics. With cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of mortality in the US and blacks/African Americans being disproportionately affected by hypertension (HTN) which contributes substantially to these deaths, reflecting the excess mortality and survival disadvantage of this sub-population relative to whites, understanding the molecular events, including epigenomic and socio-epigenomic modulations, is relevant to narrowing the black-white mortality risk differences. We aimed to synthesize epigenomic findings in HTN namely (a) angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE II) gene, (b) Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene, (c) interferon γ (IFN-γ) gene, and (d) Capping Actin Protein, Gelosin-Like (CAPG) gene, adducin 1(ADD1) gene, (e) Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), (f) mesoderm specific transcript (MEST) loci, (g) sodium channel epithelial 1 alpha subunit 2 (SCNN1B), (h) glucokinase (CKG) gene (i) angiotensin II receptor, type1 (AGTR1), and DNA methylation (mDNA). A systematic review and quantitative evidence synthesis (QES) was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed with relevant search terms. Data were extracted from studies on: (a) Epigenomic modulations in HTN based on ACE II (b) TLR2, (c) IFN-γ gene, (d) CAPG, ADD1, TIMP3, MEST loci, and mDNA. The random-effect meta-analysis method was used for a pooled estimate of the common effect size, while z statistic and I^2 were used for the homogeneity of the common effect size and between studies on heterogeneity respectively. Of the 642 studies identified, five examined hypermethylation while seven studies assessed hypomethylation in association with HTN. The hypermethylation of ACE II, SCNN1B, CKG, IFN-γ gene, and miR-510 promoter were associated with hypertension, the common effect size (CES) = 6.0%, 95% CI, −0.002–11.26. In addition, the hypomethylation of TLR2, IFN-γ gene, ADD1, AGTR1, and GCK correlated with hypertension, the CES = 2.3%, 95% CI, −2.51–7.07. The aberrant epigenomic modulation of ACE II, TLR2, IFN-γ, AGTR1, and GCK correlated with essential HTN. Transforming the environments resulting from these epigenomic lesions will facilitate early intervention mapping in reducing HTN in the US population, especially among socially disadvantaged individuals, particularly racial/ethnic minorities.

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Laughrea, Michael, and John Tam. "Ribosomal protein S1 and initiation factor IF3 do not promote the ribosomal binding of ~ 19-nucleotide-long mDNA and mRNA models." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 67, no. 11-12 (November 1, 1989): 812–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o89-120.

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A number of model mDNAs and mRNAs, about 19 nucleotides in length, were obtained by automated synthesis and T7 RNA polymerase directed transcription from synthetic DNA templates, respectively. These mDNAs and mRNAs had Shine-Dalgarno sequences that were four to eight nucleotides long and their sequence was similar to the R17 coat protein initiation site. The effect of S1 or initiation factors (IFs) on the rate and extent of ribosomal binding of these mDNAs and mRNAs was investigated by nitrocellulose filtration. No effect was detected, suggesting that the main function of S1 or IFs included neither the direct recognition or binding of short messengers to the 30S subunits, nor their rejection as "false" for possessing the wrong sugars or an insufficient length. A pulse–chase experiment with one of the mRNAs also showed that S1 or IF3 did not influence the exchange rate of mRNA bound to the 30S subunit.Key words: ribosome, initiation, mRNA, ribosomal protein S1, initiation factor IF3.

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Hammadeh, M. E., A. Al Marby, and E. Solomayer. "Correlation between nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) integrity of fertile and subfertile male patients and their effect on ICSI results." Fertility and Sterility 98, no. 3 (September 2012): S244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.890.

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Belhadj-Tahar, Hafid, Pierre Payoux, Mathieu Tafani, Yvon Coulais, Serge Calet, and Azzedine Bousseksou. "Toxicological Methods for Tracing Drug Abuse: Chromatographic, Spectroscopic and Biological Characterisation of Ecstasy Derivatives." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-61-2010-1937.

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Toxicological Methods for Tracing Drug Abuse: Chromatographic, Spectroscopic and Biological Characterisation of Ecstasy DerivativesAnalysis often reveals variability in the composition of ecstasy pills from pure 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) to mixtures of MDMA derivatives, amphetamine, and other unidentified substances. For a comprehensive toxicological analysis one needs to know all steps to MDMA synthesis which may originate impurities. The aim of this study was to synthesise and determine the chemical-physical andin vitrobiological properties of a series of MDMA derivatives.3,4-methylendioxyphenyl-2-nitropropene (MDNP) was obtained by condensation of piperonal with an excess of nitroethane in the presence of ammonium acetate. MDNP was then reduced to methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) by LiAlH3. All compounds were analysed using HPLC and spectroscopic technique [Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), or infrared (IR)] at all the steps of synthesis. In addition, we assessed the biological potentials of these compounds by measuringin vitrotheir (i) blood cell/whole blood partition coefficient, (ii) binding to plasmatic proteins (Fbp), and (iii) membrane adsorption. Chemical structure was determined with antibody fluorescence polarisation immunoassay (FPIA). This study showed the presence of solid impurities, particularly of a neurotoxic compound of Al3+in the final products. FPIA identified the aminoethane group close to the substituted benzene ring, but did not detect the two major precursors of MDMA: MDNP and piperonal. Raman spectroscopy is an attractive alternative technique to characterise ecstasy pills and it can identify stereoisomeric forms such ascis-MDNP andtrans-MDNP, which exhibit signals at 1650 cm-1and 1300 cm-1, respectively.

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Cassidy, Geraldine, and Clive G. Ballard. "Psychiatric sequelae of MDMA (ecstasy) and related drugs." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 11, no. 3 (September 1994): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700014841.

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AbstractTwo cases of psychiatric disorder temporally related to the abuse of hallucinogenic amphetamines 3, 4 methylenedi-oxymethamphetamine (MDMA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) are described, suggesting that a variety of psychiatric morbidity may be precipitated by abuse of these drugs, including paranoid psychosis, mixed affective psychosis and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder.

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Mohamed, Khaled M., and Abdulsallam Bakdash. "Comparison of 3 Derivatization Methods for the Analysis of Amphetamine-Related Drugs in Oral Fluid by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." Analytical Chemistry Insights 12 (January 1, 2017): 117739011772753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177390117727533.

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The heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA), pentafluoropropionic anhydride (PFPA), and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) are compared as derivatizing reagents to use as the optimal method for the analysis of 10 amphetamines and cathinones in oral fluid. The target compounds were amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MA), 4-methylamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy- N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA), cathinone (CAT), methcathinone, mephedrone, and ephedrine. Amphetamine-D5, MA-D5, MDA-D5, MDMA-D5, and MDEA-D5 use as internal standards (IS). The analytes and IS were extracted from 0.5 mL of oral fluid by ethyl acetate in the presence of NaOH (0.1 N) as the base and then the dried extracts were derivatized with HFBA, PFPA, or TFAA at 70°C for 30 minutes. The limits of quantification based on signal-to-noise ratios ≥10 were ranged between 2.5 and 10 ng/mL. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 5 or 10 to 1000 ng/mL for all analytes. Based on sensitivity, the PFPA is proved to be the best for derivatization of the target compounds prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.

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Zgonjanin, Dragana, Eva Loncar, and Milos Tasic. "Analysis of forensic samples of "Ecstasy" tablets seized in Novi Sad during the 2004 year." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 36 (2005): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0536247z.

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The paper presents results of the analysis of illicit synthetic drugs in the form of tablets distributed under the name "Ecstasy", seized by the police in the broader area of Novi Sad 2004. A huge number of tablets has been analyzed (n=121), of various colours and with impressed symbols from the total amount of 93 seizures, which totally amounted to 1458 tablets. Regarding the number of seizures ecstasy (3,4-methylendioxy-N-meth-yl-amphetamine - MDMA) is dominant among all, and according to the quantity of seized tablets it is amphetamine (AP), while other amphetamine-type drugs (methamphetamine MA 3,4-methylendioxiamphetamine - MDA, 3,4-methylendioxi-N-ethyl-amphetamine MDEA) have been found in rather small quantities and very rarely. Tablets mostly contain caffeine as an additive. In the analytical procedure, the samples of tablets were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction and afterwards analyzed on the GCD (GC-EI) Hewlett-Packard instrument. The method is fast reliable and reproducible for the analysis of amphetamine, methamphetamine MDA, MDMA, MDEA, as well as various additives in the samples of seized tablets.

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Castrillo, David, Noemi Neira, and Pilar Blanco. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Diversity Associated with Spontaneous Fermentations in Organic Wineries from Galicia (NW Spain)." Fermentation 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6030089.

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Yeast play an essential role in wine quality. The dynamics of yeast strains during fermentation determine the final chemical and sensory characteristics of wines. This study aims to evaluate the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains diversity in organic wineries from Galicia (NW Spain). Samples from spontaneous fermentations were taken in five wineries over three consecutive years (2013 to 2015). The samples were transported to the laboratory and processed following standard methodology for yeast isolation. S. cerevisiae strains were differentiated by mDNA-RFLPs. A total of 66 different strains were identified. Some of them presented a wide distribution and appeared in several wineries. However, other strains were typical from a specific winery. Similarity analysis using two different statistical tests showed significant differences in strain diversity among wineries. The results also revealed high biodiversity indexes; however, only some strains showed an important incidence in their distribution and frequency. Our findings confirmed that spontaneous fermentation favored the existence of a high S. cerevisiae strain diversity in organic wineries from Galicia. The presence of different yeasts during fermentation, specially winery-specific strains, contribute to increased wine complexity and differentiation.

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Tanaka, Keiko, Takashi Shiina, Taketeru Tomita, Shingo Suzuki, Kazuyoshi Hosomichi, Kazumi Sano, Hiroyuki Doi, et al. "Evolutionary Relations of Hexanchiformes Deep-Sea Sharks Elucidated by Whole Mitochondrial Genome Sequences." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/147064.

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Hexanchiformes is regarded as a monophyletic taxon, but the morphological and genetic relationships between the five extant species within the order are still uncertain. In this study, we determined the whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of seven sharks including representatives of the five Hexanchiformes, one squaliform, and one carcharhiniform and inferred the phylogenetic relationships among those species and 12 other Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) species for which the complete mitogenome is available. The monophyly of Hexanchiformes and its close relation with all other Squaliformes sharks were strongly supported by likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of 13,749 aligned nucleotides of 13 protein coding genes and two rRNA genes that were derived from the whole mDNA sequences of the 19 species. The phylogeny suggested that Hexanchiformes is in the superorder Squalomorphi,Chlamydoselachus anguineus(frilled shark) is the sister species to all other Hexanchiformes, and the relations within Hexanchiformes are well resolved asChlamydoselachus, (Notorynchus, (Heptranchias, (Hexanchus griseus,H. nakamurai))). Based on our phylogeny, we discussed evolutionary scenarios of the jaw suspension mechanism and gill slit numbers that are significant features in the sharks.

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Al Kowari, Moza Khalifa, Paolo Gasparini, Khalid Abdulhadi, Rowa Siam, Nihal Najjar, Maha Al-Sulaiteen, Savina Dipresa, Ramin Badii, and Giorgia Girotto. "Mutations inGJB2, GJB6and mDNA 1555A>G variant explain only a minority of cases of nonsyndromic hearing loss in the Qatari population." Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Proceedings, no. 2010 (December 13, 2010): BMO4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarf.2010.bmo4.

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Ávila-Rodríguez, Verónica, Omar G. Alvarado-Gómez, Alejandro González-Hernández, and Urbano Nava-Camberos. "Differentiation and Phylogeny of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chacidoidea) from Mexico Based on ITS2 and 18S Molecular Markers of rDNAr and COII of the mDNA." Southwestern Entomologist 38, no. 2 (June 2013): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3958/059.038.0213.

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Kunsman, G. W., B. Levine, J. J. Kuhlman, R. L. Jones, R. O. Hughes, C. I. Fujiyama, and M. L. Smith. "MDA-MDMA Concentrations in Urine Specimens*." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 20, no. 7 (November 1, 1996): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/20.7.517.

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Schifano, Fabrizio, John Corkery, Paolo Deluca, Adenekan Oyefeso, and A. Hamid Ghodse. "Ecstasy (MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MBDB) consumption, seizures, related offences, prices, dosage levels and deaths in the UK (1994–2003)." Journal of Psychopharmacology 20, no. 3 (September 20, 2005): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881106060147.

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Romberg, R. W., A. G. Ntamack, L. J. Blacik, C. M. Kazarian, J. Jacob Snyder, and E. R. Welsh. "Differences in Binding Affinities of MDA, MDMA, MDEA, Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, and their Deuterated Analogues to Solid-Phase Extraction Cartridges*." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/anatox/35.1.15.

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Concheiro, Marta, Ana de Castro, Oscar Quintela, Manuel López-Rivadulla, and Angelines Cruz. "Determination of MDMA, MDA, MDEA and MBDB in oral fluid using high performance liquid chromatography with native fluorescence detection." Forensic Science International 150, no. 2-3 (June 2005): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.12.041.

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Journal articles on the topic 'MDNA'

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