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Costa, Mauricio G. S., Charline Fagnen, Catherine Vénien-Bryan, and David Perahia. "A New Strategy for Atomic Flexible Fitting in Cryo-EM Maps by Molecular Dynamics with Excited Normal Modes (MDeNM-EMfit)." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 60, no. 5 (January 16, 2020): 2419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jcim.9b01148.
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Mbaoji, Florence Nwakaego, Akachukwu Marytheresa Onwuka, Sunday Onu, Ikechukwu Emmanuel Peter, Justus Amuche Nweze, and Lilian Eleje Okonta. "Evaluation of Methanol-Dichloromethane Extract of Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms (Fabaceae) Stem Bark for Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (May 7, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1738163.
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Background. The stem bark decoction of Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms (Fabaceae) is most widely used traditionally as a remedy for various diseases such as malaria and boil. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of the methanol-dichloromethane extract (MDE) from the stem bark of the plant in rodents were evaluated. Methods. The carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rat, and xylene-induced ear oedema in mice were used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol-dichloromethane extract of Stemonocoleus micranthus (MDESm) (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). The effects of MDESm (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression, neutrophil adhesion, carbon clearance, and haematological and biochemical parameters were carried out to study its immunomodulatory activity in mice. Result. MDESm (100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly (p<0.05) inhibited carrageenan-induced oedema by 57.1% at 5th h posttreatment compared with control. At 100 mg/kg, p.o., MDESm significantly (p<0.05) reduced cotton pellet-induced granuloma by 39.28% and nonsignificantly reduced xylene-induced ear oedema by 34.1%. Treatment with MDESm (100 and 400 mg/kg) nonsignificantly abolished the neutropenia caused by cyclophosphamide with a percentage neutrophil reduction of 0 and −14.86%, respectively, while MDESm (200 mg/kg) and levamisole (50 mg/kg) had a nonsignificant reduction in neutrophil count (10.16 and 31.40%), respectively, all compared to the distilled water-treated group with a neutrophil count of −9.82%. MDESm at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg increased phagocytic index by 0.0447 ± 0.00762 and 0.0466 ± 0.00703, respectively, although not significantly when compared to the control group with a value of 0.0226 ± 0.02117. There was a decrease in WBC and lymphocyte counts in MDESm- (200 mg/kg) treated group, suggesting immunosuppressive potential at this dose. MDESm caused a dose-dependent decrease in ALT and core liver enzymes, suggesting a hepatoprotective effect. The acute toxicity test revealed that MDESm is safe in mice with an oral lethal dose (LD50) of >5 g/kg. Conclusion. The methanol-dichloromethane extract of Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms possesses mild anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities which may be more pronounced upon fractionation and purification. Therefore, more investigations are needed to explore these activities further.
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Senanayake, Bimsara. "Multiphasic disseminating encephalomyelitis (MDEM)." Sri Lanka Journal of Neurology 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2013): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljon.v2i1.101.
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Xiao, Jin, Cyril Meyerowitz, Patricia Ragusa, Kimberly Funkhouser, Tamara R. Lischka, Luis Alberto Mendez Chagoya, Nisreen Al Jallad, et al. "Assessment of an Innovative Mobile Dentistry eHygiene Model Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in the National Dental Practice–Based Research Network: Protocol for Design, Implementation, and Usability Testing." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 10 (October 26, 2021): e32345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32345.
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Background Amid COVID-19, and other possible future infectious disease pandemics, dentistry needs to consider modified dental examination regimens that render quality care, are cost effective, and ensure the safety of patients and dental health care personnel (DHCP). Traditional dental examinations, which number more than 300 million per year in the United States, rely on person-to-person tactile examinations, pose challenges to infection control, and consume large quantities of advanced-level personal protective equipment (PPE). Therefore, our long-term goal is to develop an innovative mobile dentistry (mDent) model that takes these issues into account. This model supplements the traditional dental practice with virtual visits, supported by mobile devices such as mobile telephones, tablets, and wireless infrastructure. The mDent model leverages the advantages of digital mobile health (mHealth) tools such as intraoral cameras to deliver virtual oral examinations, treatment planning, and interactive oral health management, on a broad population basis. Conversion of the traditional dental examinations to mDent virtual examinations builds upon (1) the reliability of teledentistry, which uses intraoral photos and live videos to make diagnostic decisions, and (2) rapid advancement in mHealth tool utilization. Objective In this pilot project, we designed a 2-stage implementation study to assess 2 critical components of the mDent model: virtual hygiene examination (eHygiene) and patient self-taken intraoral photos (SELFIE). Our specific aims are to (1) assess the acceptance and barriers of mDent eHygiene among patients and DHCP, (2) assess the economic impact of mDent eHygiene, and (3) assess the patient’s capability to generate intraoral photos using mHealth tools (exploratory aim, SELFIE). Methods This study will access the rich resources of the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network to recruit 12 dentists, 12 hygienists, and 144 patients from 12 practices. For aims 1 and 2, we will use role-specific questionnaires to collect quantitative data on eHygiene acceptance and economic impact. The questionnaire components include participant characteristics, the System Usability Scale, a dentist-patient communication scale, practice operation cost, and patient opportunity cost. We will further conduct a series of iterative qualitative research activities using individual interviews to further elicit feedback and suggestion for changes to the mDent eHygiene model. For aim 3, we will use mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) to assess the patient’s capability of taking intraoral photos, by analyzing obtained photos and recorded videos. Results The study is supported by the US National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. This study received “single” institutional review board approval in August 2021. Data collection and analysis are expected to conclude by December 2021 and March 2022, respectively. Conclusions The study results will inform the logistics of conducting virtual dental examinations and empowering patients with mHealth tools, providing better safety and preserving PPE amid the COVID-19 and possible future pandemics. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/32345
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Wang, Rui, Jialing Zou, and James Zhiqing Wen. "SFA-MDEN: Semantic-Feature-Aided Monocular Depth Estimation Network Using Dual Branches." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 5476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165476.
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Monocular depth estimation based on unsupervised learning has attracted great attention due to the rising demand for lightweight monocular vision sensors. Inspired by multi-task learning, semantic information has been used to improve the monocular depth estimation models. However, multi-task learning is still limited by multi-type annotations. As far as we know, there are scarcely any large public datasets that provide all the necessary information. Therefore, we propose a novel network architecture Semantic-Feature-Aided Monocular Depth Estimation Network (SFA-MDEN) to extract multi-resolution depth features and semantic features, which are merged and fed into the decoder, with the goal of predicting depth with the support of semantics. Instead of using loss functions to relate the semantics and depth, the fusion of feature maps for semantics and depth is employed to predict the monocular depth. Therefore, two accessible datasets with similar topics for depth estimation and semantic segmentation can meet the requirements of SFA-MDEN for training sets. We explored the performance of the proposed SFA-MDEN with experiments on different datasets, including KITTI, Make3D, and our own dataset BHDE-v1. The experimental results demonstrate that SFA-MDEN achieves competitive accuracy and generalization capacity compared to state-of-the-art methods.
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Baumann, Matthias, Eva-Maria Hennes, Kathrin Schanda, Michael Karenfort, Barbara Kornek, Rainer Seidl, Katharina Diepold, et al. "Children with multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis and antibodies to the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG): Extending the spectrum of MOG antibody positive diseases." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 22, no. 14 (July 11, 2016): 1821–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458516631038.
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Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies have been described in children with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), recurrent optic neuritis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and more recently in children with multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM). Objective: To delineate the clinical, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and radiological features of paediatric MDEM with MOG antibodies. Methods: Clinical course, serum antibodies, CSF, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies and outcome of paediatric MDEM patients were reviewed. Results: A total of 8 children with two or more episodes of ADEM were identified from a cohort of 295 children with acute demyelinating events. All children had persisting MOG antibodies (median titre: 1:1280). All ADEM episodes included encephalopathy, polyfocal neurological signs and a typical MRI. Apart from ADEM episodes, three children had further clinical attacks without encephalopathy. Median age at initial presentation was 3 years (range: 1–7 years) and median follow-up 4 years (range: 1–8 years). New ADEM episodes were associated with new neurological signs and new MRI lesions. Clinical outcome did range from normal (four of the eight) to mild or moderate impairment (four of the eight). A total of four children received monthly immunoglobulin treatment during the disease course. Conclusion: Children with MDEM and persisting MOG antibodies constitute a distinct entity of relapsing demyelinating events and extend the spectrum of MOG antibody–associated diseases.
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Cantarelli, Vinícius de Souza, Elias Tadeu Fialho, Raimundo Vicente de Sousa, Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas, and José Augusto de Freitas Lima. "Composição química, vitreosidade e digestibilidade de diferentes híbridos de milho para suínos." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 31, no. 3 (June 2007): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542007000300036.
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Objetivou-se avaliar a composição química, vitreosidade e valores nutricionais de diferentes híbridos de milho através de análises laboratoriais e de um ensaio de metabolismo com suínos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 24 suínos em fase de crescimento (35,6 Kg ±± 3,05 kg de PV) machos castrados mestiços (LD x LW), os quais foram mantidos em gaiolas de metabolismo e distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso totalizando 24 parcelas. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram de 6 rações com os seguintes híbridos de milho: milho óleo (Móleo), milho QPM (MQPM), milho dentado (Mdent), milho semidentado (Msemi) e dois milhos duros (Mdur1) e (Mdur2). Os valores obtidos de vitreosidade, coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta (CDPB) e energia digestível (ED) para Móleo, MQPM, Mdent, Msemi, Mdur1 e Mdur2 foram 78,5%; 71,7%; 57,2%; 68,2%; 75,9%; 82,8%; 81,68%; 80,14%; 82,35%; 69,71%; 76,98%; 75,61%; 3680; 3426; 3597; 3441; 3340 e 3469 Kcal/Kg, respectivamente. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (P<0,05) para os valores de vitreosidade, mostrando que os milhos de textura dura apresentam maior vitreosidade em relação ao semidentado e ao dentado. Houve diferenças significativas no CDMS, CDPB e ED entre os milhos estudados (P<0,05), mostrando que o milho óleo (Móleo) e o dentado (Mdent) foram superiores aos demais. Em relação ao nitrogênio retido (%NR), houve diferenças significativas (P<0,05) entre os milhos estudados. Para esta variável os milhos dentado, QPM e alto óleo mostraram-se superiores aos milhos semidentado e os duros. Conclui-se que os milhos dentado, Móleo e MQPM foram superiores aos demais.
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Prieto-López, Yeimer, Mario Ayala-Pazmiño, and Sedolfo Carrasquero-Ferrer. "Estimulación de los hábitos lectores desde las materias de Metodología de Investigación y Titulación en los estudiantes de la Maestría en Gestión Educativa de la Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo (UEES)." 593 Digital Publisher CEIT 7, no. 1-1 (February 5, 2022): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33386/593dp.2022.1-1.977.
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Esta investigación resulta de la experiencia de los investigadores durante tres años consecutivos dictando la materia de Metodología de la Investigación (MR) en la Maestría en Gestión Educativa (MDEM) de la Universidad Espíritu Santo (UEES), detectando los malos hábitos lectores como una de las principales limitantes en los estudiantes. Existe la necesidad de profundizar el componente lector y la producción científica y académica, evidenciado por el diagnóstico aplicado en las diferentes promociones del 2019 al 2022.Para su desarrollo se consultó una extensa bibliografía considerando los vacíos en la investigación y la enseñanza relacionada con la lectura y la necesidad de incentivar a los estudiantes a leer. La aplicación de diferentes instrumentos científicos a los estudiantes del MDEM permitió diseñar estrategias metodológicas para estimular y desarrollar hábitos lectores en los estudiantes. La factibilidad de la propuesta fue evaluada y resultó en treinta publicaciones de estudiantes en diferentes revistas científicas indexadas, lo que demuestra la pertinencia e impacto de la investigación realizada en el contexto universitario.
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Pan, Feifei, Xiaohuan Xi, and Cheng Wang. "A MATLAB-based digital elevation model (DEM) data processing toolbox (MDEM)." Environmental Modelling & Software 122 (December 2019): 104566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.104566.
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Jo, Yun Suk, Do-Kyung Kim, Young Keun Jeong, Kyung Ja Kim, and Mamoun Muhammed. "A Novel Thermosensitive Composite Fabricated with Au Nanoparticles, Poly(Lactide), and Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)." Solid State Phenomena 99-100 (July 2004): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.99-100.161.
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A novel approach to load a hydrophilic bovine serum albumin (BSA) into the drug carriers was proposed in terms of thermosensitive dual-shell structures which were fabricated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), poly(lactide) and Au nanoparticles. Spherically well-defined dualshell structures were constructed by a modified-double-emulsion method (MDEM). The lower critical solubility temperature of the structures was shifted to 36.4 °C which was confirmed by UVVis spectroscopy.
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Li, Zong, Wenqiang Yan, Fengyuan Zhao, Hongde Wang, Jin Cheng, Xiaoning Duan, Xin Fu, Jiying Zhang, Xiaoqing Hu, and Yingfang Ao. "Regional specific tunable meniscus decellularized extracellular matrix (MdECM) reinforced bioink promotes anistropic meniscus regeneration." Chemical Engineering Journal 473 (October 2023): 145209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.145209.
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Santos, Georgianna Silva dos, and Maria de Fátima Alves de Oliveira. "Estratégias de ensino voltadas para educação alimentar: um artigo de revisão." Debates em Educação 13, no. 31 (June 26, 2021): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.28998/2175-6600.2021v13n31p621-647.
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<p>Ações voltadas para a educação alimentar e incentivo à prática de atividades físicas, vem sendo discutido com frequência no Ensino de Ciências e nas políticas relacionadas a saúde pública, devido aos altos percentuais de sobrepeso e obesidade no Brasil. Neste sentido, o ambiente escolar é considerado como local propício para desenvolver ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional (EAN), visto que o aluno passa um bom tempo nesse espaço. Diante destes aspectos, traçamos como objetivo deste estudo analisar artigos, dissertações e teses no período de 2013 a 2019, disponíveis na base de dados SCIELO e no banco de Dissertações e Teses da CAPES em relação EAN na escola e aos Materiais Didáticos utilizados para o Ensino de Nutrição (MDEN). Os resultados revelaram o panorama de produções sobre EAN e MDEN no país, mostrando como as ações preconizadas chegam as escolas e como os recursos didáticos são desenvolvidos e avaliados. O desentrelaçar destas análises apresentaram um distanciamento da EAN nas escolas bem como carência de atualização sobre o tema para os professores. Alguns materiais didáticos analisados auxiliam no processo de aprendizagem, porém, foi percebido a necessidade de avaliações a médio prazo de outros recursos descritos no presente trabalho. Dessa forma, foi possível observar a necessidade de instrumentalizar os docentes para que possam conhecer e desenvolver estratégias de ensino para utilizar no seu contexto.</p>
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Ruoqiang, Feng, Zhong Yuting, Wang Sini, and Chen Gang. "Research on single-layer grid structures considering joint connection failure based on MDEM." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 198 (November 2022): 107566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107566.
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Sugimura, Yoko, Makoto Kinoshita, Kei Fukada, Kimiko Inoue, Harutoshi Fujimura, and Takanori Hazama. "An adult-onset multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM) presenting favorable response to steroid therapy." Rinsho Shinkeigaku 56, no. 12 (2016): 846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5692/clinicalneurol.cn-000902.
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Azumagawa, Kohji, Shohei Nomura, Yasushi Shigeri, Leslie Sargent Jones, Douglas Kazutoshi Sato, Ichiro Nakashima, Mitsuru Kashiwagi, et al. "Post-vaccination MDEM associated with MOG antibody in a subclinical Chlamydia infected boy." Brain and Development 38, no. 7 (August 2016): 690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2016.02.004.
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Poma Gutiérrez, Adolfo Guillermo, René Antonio Hinojosa Benavides, and Edgar Carlos Quispe Peña. "Efecto de raza, momento del día y características del pelo sobre la frecuencia cardiaca y respiratoria, y temperatura rectal y de piel en vacunos en zona de confort." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 33, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): e21804. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v33i4.21804.
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El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la raza, momento del día y media de la densidad de pelos (MDenP) sobre la frecuencia cardiaca (FC), frecuencia respiratoria (FR), temperatura de piel (T°P), temperatura rectal (T°R) y diferencia T°R- T°P. Se trabajó con 10 vaquillas (4 Holstein y 6 criollas) entre 14 y 18 meses de edad, criadas al pastoreo y con temperatura ambiental (T°A) promedio de 17.6 °C y humedad relativa (H°R) promedio de 60.5%. Para el monitoreo de la FC, FR y T°P se utilizó un monitor de signos vitales llevable. Las mediciones se hicieron en la mañana, tarde y noche. La evaluación de la densidad de pelaje se realizó mediante el dispositivo FIBER DEN y el diámetro medio del pelo (DMP) con el equipo FIBER EC. Para evaluar el efecto de la raza, momento del día y MDenP sobre la FC, FR, T°R, T°P se aplicó un modelo aditivo lineal con dos covariables (T°A y H°R). Para las comparaciones múltiples se utilizó la prueba de Duncan, y para la evaluación de las relaciones entre las variables se calculó las correlaciones de Pearson. La FC, FR, T°P y la diferencia T°R-T°P fue de 70.1±6.8 lpm, 23.6±7.2 rpm, 31.65±1.35 °C y 7.2±1.5 °C, respectivamente, sin diferencias por raza ni momento del día. La raza no tuvo efecto sobre FR y T°R, pero en la mañana y tarde los animales tuvieron mayor FR que en la noche, al igual que con respecto a la diferencia T°R-T°P. Se concluye que, bajo las condiciones del estudio, la T°A, momento del día y HR tiene efecto sobre la T°R, T°P y la gradiente T°R-T°P, aunque este efecto disminuye cuando el DMP es bajo.
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Alassi, Haitham, and Rune Holt. "Modeling Fracturing in Rock Using a Modified Discrete Element Method with Plasticity." Key Engineering Materials 452-453 (November 2010): 861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.452-453.861.
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In this contribution we present more developments in the modified discrete element approach (MDEM) which was proposed to model fractures propagation in reservoir rock during production and fluid injection. The new development in this paper includes adding plasticity which allows the material to go into plastic deformation before initiating fractures. Several numerical tests are performed which mimic the real lab tests usually perform on rock samples, this includes direct tension test with initial crack to model crack propagation, and several biaxial compression tests to model the development of shear bands.
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Banerjee, Asish, and Meenakshi Mitra. "Prognostic relevance of persistence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody in pediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i3.41220.
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Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody plays a significant role in demyelination in pediatric acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Aims and Objectives: To assess the prognostic relevance of persistence of MOG antibody in pediatric ADEM. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 3 years. Data were collected from Department of Pediatrics of a tertiary care hospital in Durgapur. Neurological examination findings, magnetic resonance imaging brain and spinal cord, electroencephalogram findings, and MOG antibody titer were noted. All patients were followed up for 1 year. MOG Antibody titer was repeated after 6 months of the first episode of demyelination. Data gathered from the patients was documented. Data analysis was performed using fisher’s exact test on graph pad 2×2 contingency table. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Fifty-three children were diagnosed with ADEM. Among these, 27 children were MOG antibody-positive (51%). One child expired and five children were lost to follow up. Forty-seven children were followed up for 1 year. MOG antibody titer was sent at the time of diagnosis and 6 months after first episode of demyelination. Persistently positive MOG antibody (positive at 6 months after 1st episode of demyelination) was significantly associated with the development of multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM) (P<0.0001), epilepsy (P=0.0176), steroid dependency (P<0.0001), persistent gait disturbance (P=0.0026), but not with the development of Multiple Sclerosis (P=1.000). Conclusion: Persistently positive MOG Antibody was significantly associated with development of MDEM, epilepsy, persistent gait disturbance, and steroid dependency.
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Jockusch, Julia, Siri Nitschke, Werner Hopfenmüller, Oliver Schierz, Sebastian Hahnel, and Ina Nitschke. "Impact of an Oral Hygiene Intervention in People with and without Dementia on Oral Health Parameters—Results from the Oral Health, Bite Force, and Dementia (OrBiD) Pilot Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 5 (March 1, 2022): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051356.
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This study aimed to assess the influence of an oral hygiene intervention on oral health, depending on the degree of dementia. A clinical evaluation of oral health parameters (index of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT-index), periodontal screening index (PSI), oral hygiene index (OHI), and bleeding on probing (BOP)) was performed in 120 subjects assigned to five groups, based on the mini mental state examination (MMSE) at baseline and after 12 months. Each MMSE group (no dementia (noDem, MMSE 28–30), mild cognitive impairment (mCI, MMSE 25–27), mild dementia (mDem, MMSE 18–24), moderate dementia (modDem, MMSE 10–17), and severe dementia (sDem, MMSE ≤ 9)) was split into control (no intervention) and experimental groups (intervention on oral hygiene: increased frequency, daily usage of high-fluoride toothpaste). In total, 99 out of 120 subjects were included in the analysis. The dropout rate was high in subjects with modDem and sDem due to death. In subjects with noDem, mCI, and mDem, no changes in the DMFT were found, but improvements in the OHI, BOP, and PSI were observed. Subjects with modDem or sDem demonstrated a deterioration in DMFT; however, in these patients, OHI improved in all control and experimental groups, BOP improved in the experimental group only, and PSI did not improve at all. The scope of improving oral health parameters by increasing the recall frequency and by continuously using high fluoride toothpaste is at its limits in people with severe dementia. Multidimensional approaches should be sought to improve the oral health of vulnerable older patients.
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Ching, BH, AR Mohamed, TB Khoo, and HIHM Ismail. "Multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis followed by optic neuritis in a child with gluten sensitivity." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 21, no. 9 (July 21, 2015): 1209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458515593404.
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Multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM) followed by optic neuritis (ON) has been described as a new entity in recent years. Gluten encephalopathy has also been recognized as a neurological manifestation of celiac disease. Accurate diagnosis of both is important due to the therapeutic implications. We report a girl presenting with recurrent encephalopathic polyfocal demyelinating episodes followed by optic neuritis, and a clinical history suggestive of gluten sensitivity. She had persistently high ESR, neutrophilia, and tested positive for anti-MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) antibody. She responded well to methylprednisolone in each relapse, and achieved remission for a year after azathioprine was added.
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Hacohen, Yael, Kshitij Mankad, W. K. Chong, Frederik Barkhof, Angela Vincent, Ming Lim, Evangeline Wassmer, Olga Ciccarelli, and Cheryl Hemingway. "Diagnostic algorithm for relapsing acquired demyelinating syndromes in children." Neurology 89, no. 3 (June 14, 2017): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004117.
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Objective:To establish whether children with relapsing acquired demyelinating syndromes (RDS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Ab) show distinctive clinical and radiologic features and to generate a diagnostic algorithm for the main RDS for clinical use.Methods:A panel reviewed the clinical characteristics, MOG-Ab and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) Ab, intrathecal oligoclonal bands, and Epstein-Barr virus serology results of 110 children with RDS. A neuroradiologist blinded to the diagnosis scored the MRI scans. Clinical, radiologic, and serologic tests results were compared.Results:The findings showed that 56.4% of children were diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS), 25.4% with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), 12.7% with multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (MDEM), and 5.5% with relapsing optic neuritis (RON). Blinded analysis defined baseline MRI as typical of MS in 93.5% of children with MS. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis presentation was seen only in the non-MS group. Of NMOSD cases, 30.7% were AQP4-Ab positive. MOG-Ab were found in 83.3% of AQP4-Ab–negative NMOSD, 100% of MDEM, and 33.3% of RON. Children with MOG-Ab were younger, were less likely to present with area postrema syndrome, and had lower disability, longer time to relapse, and more cerebellar peduncle lesions than children with AQP4-Ab NMOSD. A diagnostic algorithm applicable to any episode of CNS demyelination leads to 4 main phenotypes: MS, AQP4-Ab NMOSD, MOG-Ab–associated disease, and antibody-negative RDS.Conclusions:Children with MS and AQP4-Ab NMOSD showed features typical of adult cases. Because MOG-Ab–positive children showed notable and distinctive clinical and MRI features, they were grouped into a unified phenotype (MOG-Ab–associated disease), included in a new diagnostic algorithm.
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Nasim, Fathima N., Mohamed Z. F. Fasrina, Sunil B. Bowattage, Wickramasooriyage K. Kularatne, and Vipuli J. Kobbegala. "Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis in a young female with excellent response to corticosteroids." Ceylon Medical Journal 68, no. 1 (November 16, 2023): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v68i1.9677.
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Background: Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare fulminant entity of acute disseminated leukoencephalitis (ADEM) that has a rapidly progressive polysymptomatology corresponding to areas of brain affected. It’s characterized by rapid cognitive decline, coma or even rapid death. It is postulated to be a post infective immune mediated monophasic demyelinating disease. Diagnosis is clinical supported by CSF and MRI findings. It is challenging to differentiate the disease from MDEM (multiphasic demyelinating encephalomyelitis) and multiple sclerosis during the initial presentation.Case presentation: Here we report a case of a 36-yearold Sri Lankan Sinhalese lady who presented with seizure following febrile illness followed by gross right sided hemiparesis later progressing to mutism and cognitive decline. Her CSF showed pleocytosis 12/cumm with 5% polymorphs, red cells, mildly high proteins with normal glucose and positive oligoclonal bands. MRI showed evidence of multiple focal supra and infratentorial signal abnormalities and gyral thickening with hemorrhages, largest lesions being in left frontal region with mass effect but no herniation. She was diagnosed with AHLE and treated with high dose IV methyl prednisolone later converting to oral prednisolone tapering regime. She was continued on intravenous cefotaxime and acyclovir as per meningoencephalitis. Improvement with steroids was dramatic with complete neurological recovery, minimal sequel and no recurrences at 6 months follow up.Conclusion: The case is a representation of a very rare entity of an infrequently reported disease which needs high degree of clinical suspicion with early imaging for aggressive and early immunosuppressive treatment that may hinder progression to commonly described sequel including coma, death or residual neurology. The predictions on future MDEM or MS on first presentation and overlap are areas that need further exploration.
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Gheibi, Sohrab, Nicolaine Agofack, and Sigbjørn Sangesland. "Modified discrete element method (MDEM) as a numerical tool for cement sheath integrity in wells." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 196 (January 2021): 107720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107720.
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Wang, Chi-Kuei, and Nadeem Fareed. "Mapping Drainage Structures Using Airborne Laser Scanning by Incorporating Road Centerline Information." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030463.
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Wide-area drainage structure (DS) mapping is of great concern, as many DSs are reaching the end of their design life and information on their location is usually absent. Recently, airborne laser scanning (ALS) has been proven useful for DS mapping through manual methods using ALS-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) and hillshade images. However, manual methods are slow and labor-intensive. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes an automated DS mapping algorithm (DSMA) using classified ALS point clouds and road centerline information. The DSMA begins with removing ALS ground points within the buffer of the road centerlines; the size of the buffer varies according to different road classes. An ALS-modified DEM (ALS-mDEM) is then generated from the remaining ground points. A drainage network (DN) is derived from the ALS-mDEM. Candidate DSs are then obtained by intersecting the DN with the road centerlines. Finally, a refinement buffer of 15 m is placed around each candidate DS to prevent duplicate DS from being generated in close proximity. A total area of 50 km2, including an urban site and a rural site, in Vermont, USA, was used to assess the DSMA. Based on the road functional classification scheme of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the centerline information regarding FHWA roads was obtained from a public data portal. The centerline information on non-FHWA roads, i.e., private roads and streets, was derived from the impervious surface data of a land cover dataset. A benchmark DS dataset was gathered from the transport agency of Vermont and was further augmented using Google Earth Street View images by the authors. The one-to-one correspondence between the benchmark DS and mapped DS for these two sites was then established. The positional accuracy was assessed by computing the Euclidian distance between the benchmark DS and mapped DS. The mean positional accuracy for the urban site and rural site were 13.5 m and 15.8 m, respectively. F1-scores were calculated to assess the prediction accuracy. For FHWA roads, the F1-scores were 0.87 and 0.94 for the urban site and rural site, respectively. For non-FHWA roads, the F1-scores were 0.72 and 0.74 for the urban site and rural site, respectively.
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Hennes, Eva-Maria, Matthias Baumann, Christian Lechner, and Kevin Rostásy. "MOG Spectrum Disorders and Role of MOG-Antibodies in Clinical Practice." Neuropediatrics 49, no. 01 (August 31, 2017): 003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604404.
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AbstractMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (abs) are present in one third of all children with an acute demyelinating syndrome (ADS). MOG-abs can be found in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), transverse myelitis, isolated optic neuritis (ON), or recurrent demyelinating diseases, such as multiphasic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) without aquaporin-4 (AQP4) abs or multiphasic ADEM (MDEM), but rarely in children who subsequently develop multiple sclerosis (MS). The presence of MOG-abs is age dependent with the highest seropositivity rates found in young children and an episode of ADEM, whereas older children with MOG-abs present with ON, myelitis, or brainstem symptoms. MOG-abs, initially thought to be associated with a benign disease course, are found in a substantial proportion of children with relapsing episodes associated with high and persisting MOG-ab titers. This review describes, in particular, the increasing spectrum of phenotypes associated with MOG-abs with a focus on clinical characteristics, radiological features, and therapeutic aspects.
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Takai, Yoshiki, Tatsuro Misu, Kimihiko Kaneko, Norio Chihara, Koichi Narikawa, Satoko Tsuchida, Hiroya Nishida, et al. "Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: an immunopathological study." Brain 143, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 1431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa102.
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Abstract Conformation-sensitive antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are detectable in patients with optic neuritis, myelitis, opticomyelitis, acute or multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM/MDEM) and brainstem/cerebral cortical encephalitis, but are rarely detected in patients with prototypic multiple sclerosis. So far, there has been no systematic study on the pathological relationship between demyelinating lesions and cellular/humoral immunity in MOG antibody-associated disease. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the pathomechanisms of MOG antibody-mediated demyelination are similar to the demyelination patterns of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) with AQP4 antibody, or ADEM. In this study, we immunohistochemically analysed biopsied brain tissues from 11 patients with MOG antibody-associated disease and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Patient median onset age was 29 years (range 9–64), and the median interval from attack to biopsy was 1 month (range 0.5–96). The clinical diagnoses were ADEM (n = 2), MDEM (n = 1), multiple brain lesions without encephalopathy (n = 3), leukoencephalopathy (n = 3) and cortical encephalitis (n = 2). All these cases had multiple/extensive lesions on MRI and were oligoclonal IgG band-negative. Most demyelinating lesions in 10 of 11 cases showed a perivenous demyelinating pattern previously reported in ADEM (153/167 lesions) and a fusion pattern (11/167 lesions) mainly in the cortico-medullary junctions and white matter, and only three lesions in two cases showed confluent demyelinated plaques. In addition, 60 of 167 demyelinating lesions (mainly in the early phase) showed MOG-dominant myelin loss, but relatively preserved oligodendrocytes, which were distinct from those of AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD exhibiting myelin-associated glycoprotein-dominant oligodendrogliopathy. In MOG antibody-associated diseases, MOG-laden macrophages were found in the perivascular spaces and demyelinating lesions, and infiltrated cells were abundant surrounding multiple blood vessels in and around the demyelinating lesions, mainly consisting of macrophages (CD68; 1814 ± 1188 cells/mm2), B cells (CD20; 468 ± 817 cells/mm2), and T cells (CD3; 2286 ± 1951 cells/mm2), with CD4-dominance (CD4+ versus CD8+; 1281 ± 1196 cells/mm2 versus 851 ± 762 cells/mm2, P < 0.01). Humoral immunity, evidenced by perivascular deposits of activated complements and immunoglobulins, was occasionally observed in some MOG antibody-associated demyelinating lesions, and the frequency was much lower than that in AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD. Subpial lesions with perivenous demyelination were observed in both ADEM and cortical encephalitis. Our study suggests that ADEM-like perivenous inflammatory demyelination with MOG-dominant myelin loss is a characteristic finding of MOG antibody-associated disease regardless of whether the diagnostic criteria of ADEM are met. These pathological features are clearly different from those of multiple sclerosis and AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD, suggesting an independent autoimmune demyelinating disease entity.
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Bruyneel, E. A., M. De Mets, C. H. Dragonetti, R. J. Hooghe, S. Di Virgilio, and M. M. Mareel. "Effect of glycosylation inhibitors on N-glycosylpeptides and on invasion of malignant mouse MO4 cells in vitro." Journal of Cell Science 95, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.95.2.279.
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Cell surface glycans are believed to play a role in tumour invasion and metastasis. Yet, we have previously shown that the inhibitors of N-linked glycan processing swainsonine (SW) and 1-deoxynojirimycin (dNM) did not prevent invasion of chick heart fragments by MO4 murine fibrosarcoma cells in organ culture. We now present biochemical evidence that these and other inhibitors of processing were indeed effective in remodeling glycans, including those expressed at the cell surface. After metabolic labeling with tritiated mannose or fucose, glycosylpeptides were obtained by Pronase treatment of material released from intact cells by trypsin. Glycosylpeptides were separated by Biogel P-10 chromatography. With all drugs tested, there was a shift towards lower molecular weight of the glycan chains. There were, however, major quantitative differences between the different drugs and also, for monensin (MON; 0.1 microgram ml-1), between fucose-labeled and mannose-labeled chains. The shift in apparent molecular weight affected mainly fucose-labeled peptides after treatment of MO4 cells with SW (0.4 microgram ml-1). The shift induced by dNM (10 mM) + SW (0.4 microgram ml-1) in both fucosylated and mannosylated chains was much larger than that induced by SW given alone. 1-Deoxymannojirimycin (dMM; 1 mM) had major effects on both mannose and fucose-labeled structures and so did N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin (MdNM; 2 mM) and castanospermine (CS; 100 micrograms ml-1). With the latter drugs, incorporation of fucose in complex-type glycosylpeptides was dramatically reduced. The effect of SW on fucose-labeled glycosylpeptides of embryonic chick heart was similar to that observed on MO4 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Mohamed, Yasien. "Islamization of Knowledge." American Journal of Islam and Society 11, no. 2 (July 1, 1994): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v11i2.2439.
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The Islamization of knowledge, as envisioned by al Faruqi, is acritical, revivalistic response to intellectual modernity.' Its objective is atimeless but it can only be realized by challenging it and engagingMuslim scholars in debate over it. By so doing, we are able to refine thework plan for Islamization. The following critique is therefore presentedin the hope that its suggestions will contribute toward an authenticIslamic tespotlse to intellectual modernity.Exposition of IslamizationFor al Faruqi (1982), the some of the crisis of Muslim society liesin the mdem-Islamic dichotomy of the current educational system. Thecolonial, and therefore alien, vision still survives and is being disseminatedthrough educational institutions, which are the breeding ground ofself-estrangement from Islam. Such early educational reformem as SayyidAhmad Khan and Muhammad 'Abduh did not realize the harm of modemknowledge, for they assumed thatmodem subjects are harmless and can only lend sttength to theMuslims. Little did they realize that the alien humanities, socialsciences, and indeed the natural sciences as well, wee facets ofan integral view of reality, of life and the world, of history, thatis equally alien to that of Islam. (Ibid.)One of his particular concerns is the harmful influence of a universityeducation on a Muslim student whose sentimental attachment to Islamcannot withstand the onslaught of scientific truth. After four years ofalienating influence, his/her Islamic consciousness would be ravaged. Thesolution to this alienation is to be found in the Islamization of knowledge,an understanding that seeks to rebuild the humanities, as well as the socialand natural sciences, in order to establish them fitmly on an Islamic basisconsistent with Islamic objectives. Every discipline is to be "recast" toembody the principles of Islam and remolded to incorporate the"relevance" of Islam along a triple axis constitutive of tawhid (unity) ...
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Kesercioğlu, Muhammed Asım, Abdullah Feyzi Keles, Nedim Sözbir, and Yusuf Çay. "Havacılıkta Kullanılan Elektronik Podun Isıl Kontrolü." Academic Perspective Procedia 2, no. 3 (November 22, 2019): 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.02.03.66.
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Pod, havacılıkta farklı g&ouml;revler i&ccedil;in kullanılmak &uuml;zere i&ccedil;erisinde &ccedil;eşitli faydalı y&uuml;kler bulunduran kutudur. Bu faydalı y&uuml;kler elektronik ekipmanlardan oluşurken; navigasyon, keşif, hedefleme, arazi g&ouml;zetleme, kızıl&ouml;tesi g&ouml;r&uuml;ş gibi g&ouml;revlerde kullanılmak &uuml;zere pod i&ccedil;erisine yerleştirilir. Pod; &ouml;n, orta ve arka olmak &uuml;zere &uuml;&ccedil; ana b&ouml;l&uuml;mden oluşur.Podun i&ccedil;erisinde en &ouml;nemli kısım ısıl kontrol sistemidir. Podun i&ccedil;erisinde bulunan elektronik ekipmanlar belirlenmiş &ouml;zel sıcaklık değerleri arasında bulunmalıdır. Her elektronik cihazda olduğu gibi podun i&ccedil;erisindeki elektronik ekipmanlar da belli miktarda ısı yaymaktadır. Yayılan bu ısı bir soğutma sistemi ile alınmadığında elektronik ekipmanlara zarar vererek &ccedil;alışma performanslarının d&uuml;şmesine ya da tamamen &ccedil;alışmamalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu sebeple ısı yayan ekipmanların soğutulması gerekmektedir. Yapılan soğutma sonucunda da elektronik podun istenilen şartlarda &ccedil;alışması sağlanmaktadır. Podun ısıl kontrol&uuml;n&uuml;n en verimli şekilde yapılabilmesi i&ccedil;in ısıl kontrol sisteminin, podun orta kısmına yerleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Ekipmanların ısıl kontrol&uuml; g&uuml;n&uuml;m&uuml;zde; direk ram havası ile, buhar &ccedil;evrimli soğutma sistemiyle veya bu ikisinin beraber &ccedil;alıştığı hibrit sistem ile yapılmaktadır.Bu &ccedil;alışmada havacılıkta kullanılan ve i&ccedil;erisindeki ekipmanların 5000 W ısı yaydığı elektronik podun soğutulması i&ccedil;in hava &ccedil;evrimini kullanarak &ccedil;alışan bir soğutma sistemi tasarlanmıştır. Isıl kontrol i&ccedil;in hava soğutmalı sistem kullanılmıştır. Sistem, &ccedil;alışmak i&ccedil;in herhangi bir elektrik g&uuml;c&uuml; almaz, bunun yerine gereken enerji u&ccedil;ağın u&ccedil;uşu esnasında ram girişinden alınan ram havasının tahrik etmesi ile sistem &ccedil;alışır.
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Dudas, Balint, Daniel Toth, David Perahia, Arnaud B. Nicot, Erika Balog, and Maria A. Miteva. "Insights into the substrate binding mechanism of SULT1A1 through molecular dynamics with excited normal modes simulations." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (June 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92480-w.
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AbstractSulfotransferases (SULTs) are phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes catalyzing the sulfoconjugation from the co-factor 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to a substrate. It has been previously suggested that a considerable shift of SULT structure caused by PAPS binding could control the capability of SULT to bind large substrates. We employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the recently developed approach of MD with excited normal modes (MDeNM) to elucidate molecular mechanisms guiding the recognition of diverse substrates and inhibitors by SULT1A1. MDeNM allowed exploring an extended conformational space of PAPS-bound SULT1A1, which has not been achieved up to now by using classical MD. The generated ensembles combined with docking of 132 SULT1A1 ligands shed new light on substrate and inhibitor binding mechanisms. Unexpectedly, our simulations and analyses on binding of the substrates estradiol and fulvestrant demonstrated that large conformational changes of the PAPS-bound SULT1A1 could occur independently of the co-factor movements that could be sufficient to accommodate large substrates as fulvestrant. Such structural displacements detected by the MDeNM simulations in the presence of the co-factor suggest that a wider range of drugs could be recognized by PAPS-bound SULT1A1 and highlight the utility of including MDeNM in protein–ligand interactions studies where major rearrangements are expected.
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Fagnen, Charline, Ludovic Bannwarth, Dania Zuniga, Iman Oubella, Rita De Zorzi, Eric Forest, Rosa Scala, et al. "Unexpected Gating Behaviour of an Engineered Potassium Channel Kir." Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 8 (June 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.691901.
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In this study, we investigated the dynamics and functional characteristics of the KirBac3.1 S129R, a mutated bacterial potassium channel for which the inner pore-lining helix (TM2) was engineered so that the bundle crossing is trapped in an open conformation. The structure of this channel has been previously determined at high atomic resolution. We explored the dynamical characteristics of this open state channel using an in silico method MDeNM that combines molecular dynamics simulations and normal modes. We captured the global and local motions at the mutation level and compared these data with HDX-MS experiments. MDeNM provided also an estimation of the probability of the different opening states that are in agreement with our electrophysiological experiments. In the S129R mutant, the Arg129 mutation releases the two constriction points in the channel that existed in the wild type but interestingly creates another restriction point.
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Czigleczki, Janka, Pedro Tulio de Resende Lara, Balint Dudas, Hyunbum Jang, David Perahia, Ruth Nussinov, and Erika Balog. "Small GTPase Ran: Depicting the nucleotide-specific conformational landscape of the functionally important C-terminus." Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 10 (January 16, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1111574.
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The small GTPase Ran is the main regulator of the nucleo-cytoplasmic import and export through the nuclear pore complex. It functions as a molecular switch cycling between the GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active state. It consists of a globular (G) domain and a C-terminal region, which is bound to the G-domain in the inactive, GDP-bound states. Crystal structures of the GTP-bound active form complexed with Ran binding proteins (RanBP) show that the C-terminus undergoes a large conformational change, embracing Ran binding domains (RanBD). Whereas in the crystal structures of macromolecular complexes not containing RanBDs the structure of the C-terminal segment remains unresolved, indicating its large conformational flexibility. This movement could not have been followed either by experimental or simulation methods. Here, starting from the crystal structure of Ran in both GDP- and GTP-bound forms we show how rigid the C-terminal region in the inactive structure is during molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Furthermore, we show how MD simulations of the active form are incapable of mapping the open conformations of the C-terminus. By using the MDeNM (Molecular Dynamics with excited Normal Modes) method, we were able to widely map the conformational surface of the C-terminus of Ran in the active GTP-bound form, which allows us to envisage how it can embrace RanBDs.
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Kaynak, Burak T., James M. Krieger, Balint Dudas, Zakaria L. Dahmani, Mauricio G. S. Costa, Erika Balog, Ana Ligia Scott, Pemra Doruker, David Perahia, and Ivet Bahar. "Sampling of Protein Conformational Space Using Hybrid Simulations: A Critical Assessment of Recent Methods." Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 9 (February 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.832847.
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Recent years have seen several hybrid simulation methods for exploring the conformational space of proteins and their complexes or assemblies. These methods often combine fast analytical approaches with computationally expensive full atomic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the goal of rapidly sampling large and cooperative conformational changes at full atomic resolution. We present here a systematic comparison of the utility and limits of four such hybrid methods that have been introduced in recent years: MD with excited normal modes (MDeNM), collective modes-driven MD (CoMD), and elastic network model (ENM)-based generation, clustering, and relaxation of conformations (ClustENM) as well as its updated version integrated with MD simulations (ClustENMD). We analyzed the predicted conformational spaces using each of these four hybrid methods, applied to four well-studied proteins, triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), HIV-1 protease (PR) and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), which provide extensive ensembles of experimental structures for benchmarking and comparing the methods. We show that a rigorous multi-faceted comparison and multiple metrics are necessary to properly assess the differences between conformational ensembles and provide an optimal protocol for achieving good agreement with experimental data. While all four hybrid methods perform well in general, being especially useful as computationally efficient methods that retain atomic resolution, the systematic analysis of the same systems by these four hybrid methods highlights the strengths and limitations of the methods and provides guidance for parameters and protocols to be adopted in future studies.
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Xie, Yufang, Lijun Gao, and Suo Yang. "Input-to-state stability of impulsive switched systems under mode-dependent event-triggered impulsive control." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, May 21, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01423312241248489.
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This paper aims to investigate input-to-state stability (ISS) of nonlinear impulsive switched systems under mode-dependent event-triggered impulsive control (MDETIC) method. A novel mode-dependent event-triggered mechanism (MDETM) is devised, where triggering impulsive instants are determined by some predesigned event conditions. Different from existing MDETM, there are two types of impulsive behavior involved, including the impulsive behavior of system itself and event-triggered one. The novel MDETM not only reduces communication cost and energy consumption but also excludes “Zeno behavior.” Then, the ISS criteria of the closed-loop system are established based on MDETIC strategy, admissible edge-dependent average dwell time (AED-ADT), and admissible edge-dependent average impulsive interval (AED-AII) methods. Finally, two examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the main results.
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Zhang, Jinjie, Chengxiao Xu, Yingjie Zhang, Yuzheng Li, Bo Liu, Peipei Huo, Dan Liu, and Jianzhou Gui. "Structural and compositional analysis of MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials for the oxygen reduction reaction." Chemical Communications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3cc05653h.
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An in-depth analysis of the fundamental mechanism of MOF-derived carbon nanomaterials (MDCNM) for ORR promotion is presented through both the low-dimensional morphological structure and chemical composition.
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Luperchio, Teresa Romeo, Leandros Boukas, Li Zhang, Genay Pilarowski, Jenny Jiang, Allison Kalinousky, Kasper D. Hansen, and Hans T. Bjornsson. "Leveraging the Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery to systematically map functional epigenetic variation." eLife 10 (August 31, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.65884.
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Although each Mendelian Disorder of the Epigenetic Machinery (MDEM) has a different causative gene, there are shared disease manifestations. We hypothesize that this phenotypic convergence is a consequence of shared epigenetic alterations. To identify such shared alterations, we interrogate chromatin (ATAC-seq) and expression (RNA-seq) states in B cells from three MDEM mouse models (Kabuki [KS] type 1 and 2 and Rubinstein-Taybi type 1 [RT1] syndromes). We develop a new approach for the overlap analysis and find extensive overlap primarily localized in gene promoters. We show that disruption of chromatin accessibility at promoters often disrupts downstream gene expression, and identify 587 loci and 264 genes with shared disruption across all three MDEMs. Subtle expression alterations of multiple, IgA-relevant genes, collectively contribute to IgA deficiency in KS1 and RT1, but not in KS2. We propose that the joint study of MDEMs offers a principled approach for systematically mapping functional epigenetic variation in mammals.
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Lyons, Naomi, Alexa Strasser, Bernard Beitz, Tobias Teismann, Thomas Ostermann, Laura Anderle, and Johannes Michalak. "Bodily Maps of Emotion in Major Depressive Disorder." Cognitive Therapy and Research, December 28, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10195-0.
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Abstract Background Emotions play a central role in mental disorder and especially in depression. They are sensed in the body, and it has recently been shown in healthy participants that these sensations can be differentiated between emotions. The aim of the current study was to assess bodily sensations for basic emotions induced by emotion eliciting pictures in depression. Methods 30 healthy controls (HC), 30 individuals suffering from Major depressive disorder (MDD) without medication use (MDDnm) and 30 individuals with MDD with medication use (MDDm) were shown emotional and neutral pictures and were asked to paint areas in an empty body silhouette where they felt an increase or decrease in activation. Body sensation maps were then calculated and statistical pattern recognition applied. Results Results indicated statistically separable activation patterns for all three groups. MDDnm showed less overall activation than HCs, especially in sadness and fear, while MDDm showed stronger deactivation for all emotions than the other two groups. Conclusions We could show that emotion experience was associated with bodily sensations that are weaker in depression than in healthy controls and that antidepressant medication was correlated with an increased feeling of bodily deactivation. Results give insights into the relevance for clinicians to acknowledge bodily sensations in the treatment of depression.
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Acharya, Subhajit, and Biman Bagchi. "Rate theory of gas–liquid nucleation: Quest for the elusive quantitative accuracy." Journal of Chemical Physics 160, no. 17 (May 1, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0202884.
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The task of a first principles theoretical calculation of the rate of gas–liquid nucleation has remained largely incomplete despite the existence of reliable results from unbiased simulation studies at large supersaturation. Although the classical nucleation theory formulated by Becker–Doring–Zeldovich about a century ago provides an elegant, widely used picture of nucleation in a first-order phase transition, the theory finds difficulties in predicting the rate accurately, especially in the case of gas-to-liquid nucleation. Here, we use a multiple-order parameter description to construct the nucleation free energy surface needed to calculate the nucleation rate. A multidimensional non-Markovian (MDNM) rate theory formulation that generalizes Langer’s well-known nucleation theory by using the Grote–Hynes MDNM treatment is used to obtain the rate of barrier crossing. We find good agreement of the theory with the rate obtained by direct unbiased molecular dynamics simulations—the latter is feasible at large supersaturation, S. The theory gives an experimentally strong dependence of the rate of nucleation on supersaturation, S. Interestingly, we find a strong influence of the frequency-dependent friction coefficient at the barrier top. This arises from multiple recrossings of the barrier surface. We find that a Markovian theory, such as Langer’s formulation, fails to capture the rate quantitatively. In addition, the multidimensional transition state theory expression performs poorly, revealing the underlying role of the friction coefficient.
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Sankhyan, Naveen, Amit Rawat, Sameer Vyas, Jitendra Kumar Sahu, Chandana Bhagwat, Priyanka Madaan, Lokesh Saini, et al. "Seroprevalence of MOG and AQP4 antibodies and outcomes in an Indian cohort of Pediatric Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes." Neuropediatrics, May 26, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1863-1862.
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This study aimed to determine the seropositivity of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Ab) and aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab) and outcomes in children with acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS). Children (6months-15years) with suspected ADS were enrolled and tested for MOG-Ab and AQP4-Ab prospectively over 18 months at a tertiary-care hospital in North India. Children with proven non-immune mediated neurological disorders were enrolled as controls. Of 79 children with suspected ADS, 66 were enrolled. Among the enrolled children with ADS, ADEM (25) was the commonest first clinical event followed by ON (20) and TM [19; one child had ON and TM simultaneously (NMOSD)], while two children had CIS apart from ON and TM. Fourteen (21.2%, CI 11.3-31.1) tested positive for one antibody [12 (18.1%; 95% CI 10.5-25.5%) for MOG-Ab and two (3%; 95% CI 0-7.2%) for AQP4-Ab]. None of the 62 controls tested positive for any antibody. The final diagnosis in those with the monophasic ADS was ADEM (21), ON (13), TM (16), and other CIS (1) while that in children with recurrent events was MDEM (2), NMOSD (3), ADEM-ON (4), recurrent ON (4), and MS (2). Among those with the first event, 4/51 (7.8%; 95%CI 0.5-15.2%) were MOG-Ab positive and two AQP4-Ab positive, whereas, 8/15 [53.3%, (95%CI: 28.1-78.6%)] with recurrent events [MDEM (2), ADEM-ON (4), recurrent ON (1), and recurrent TM (1)] were MOG-Ab positive. Hence, MOG-Ab are the most common antibodies detected in one in five children with pediatric ADS, especially in relapsing disease. AQP4-Ab are rare in children with ADS.
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M. Anzidei. "The marine digital terrain model of the Panarea caldera (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy)." Annals of Geophysics 41, no. 2 (June 18, 1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-4328.
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A Marine Digital Elevation Model (MDEM) of the still active volcanic area of Panarea caldera is presented in this paper. A fast and accurate survey was performed by means of the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) geodetic technique coupled with an echo-sounding gear and a real time navigation software. The instrumentation was installed on board of a low draught boat in order to collect data starting from the bathymeter of one meter. Planar positions and depths were obtained with average accuracies of 30 cm and 10 cm respectively providing a 3D map of the seafloor useful for geomorphological, geophysical and volcanic hazard applications.
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Zhang, Ziyu, Xinsong Yang, Ju H. Park, and Zhilu Xu. "Observer‐based dual event‐triggered control for non‐weighted L2$$ {\mathcal{L}}_2 $$‐gain of switched linear systems." Asian Journal of Control, March 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.3351.
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AbstractAs everyone knows, strict mode‐dependent event‐triggered mechanism (MDETM) is rarely studied for switched systems due to the difficulty in settling down the relationship between the dwell time (DT) and triggered intervals. This problem is satisfactorily solved by considering the exponential stabilization via observer‐based dual MDETMs in switched linear systems. The dual MDETMs on the sensor‐controller (S‐C) channel and controller‐actuator (C‐A) channel are designed respectively according to mode‐dependent average dwell time (MDADT). The MDETMs on the C‐A channel are generated based on the MDETMs on the S‐C channel, which makes the new control technique strict mode‐dependent and reduces conservatism as much as possible. Furthermore, when there exists external disturbance, a non‐weighted ‐gain with better performance than existing results is given. By studying an augmented system, exponential stabilization is achieved through a new event‐triggered state estimation (ETSE) and dual MDETMs. The observer gain, controller gain, and non‐weighted ‐gain are derived through an effective algorithm. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical research.
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Bouman, Arianne, Joyce M. Geelen, Joost Kummeling, Annette Schenck, Yvonne G. van der Zwan, Willemijn M. Klein, and Tjitske Kleefstra. "Growth, body composition, and endocrine‐metabolic profiles of individuals with Kleefstra syndrome provide directions for clinical management and translational studies." American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, December 29, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.63472.
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AbstractMendelian neurodevelopmental disorders caused by variants in genes encoding chromatin modification can be categorized as Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs). These disorders have significant overlap in molecular pathways and phenotypes including intellectual disability, short stature, and obesity. Among the MDEMs is Kleefstra syndrome (KLFS), which is caused by haploinsufficiency of EHMT1. Preclinical studies have identified metabolic dysregulation and obesity in KLFS models, but proper clinical translation lacks. In this study, we aim to delineate growth, body composition, and endocrine‐metabolic characteristics in a total of 62 individuals with KLFS. Our results revealed a high prevalence of childhood‐onset overweight/obesity (60%; 28/47) with disproportionately high body fat percentage, which aligns perfectly with previous preclinical studies. Short stature was common (33%), likely due to advanced skeletal maturation. Endocrine‐metabolic investigations showed thyroid dysregulation (22%; 9/41), elevated triglycerides, and decreased blood ammonia levels. Moreover, hand radiographs identified decreased bone mineralization (57%; 8/14) and negative ulnar variance (71%; 10/14). Our findings indicate a high (cardio)metabolic risk in KLFS. Therefore, we recommend monitoring of weight and endocrine‐metabolic profile. Supporting a healthy lifestyle and screening of bone mineralization is advised. Our comprehensive results support translational research and contribute to a better understanding of MDEM‐associated phenotypes.
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Jockusch, Julia, Sebastian Hahnel, and Ina Nitschke. "Use of handgrip strength measurement as an alternative for assessing chewing function in people with dementia." BMC Geriatrics 22, no. 1 (September 24, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03452-2.
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Abstract Background Chewing ability and handgrip strength can be independent explanatory factors of physical fitness. The usability of measurement procedures for assessing chewing function in people with dementia seems to be limited. This study aimed to show an association between handgrip strength and chewing function to enable the use of handgrip strength measurement as an alternative for determining chewing parameters in people with dementia. Methods The data analysed here are part of the OrBiD (Oral Health, Bite Force and Dementia) pilot study. A total of 120 participants were assigned to five evaluation groups based on their cognitive abilities using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The MMSE groups in this data analysis were “no dementia” (noDem, MMSE 28–30), “mild cognitive impairment” (mCI, MMSE 25–27), and “mild dementia” (mDem, MMSE 18–24). Handgrip strength, maximum occlusal force, and chewing efficiency were measured. Results The Mini-Mental State Examination scores among all participants (n = 71) resulted in a median of 27 and a range of 18–30. An association between maximum handgrip strength and the cognitive impairment of the participants was shown. Nevertheless, the use of handgrip strength measurement as an alternative for determining chewing function was not verified in this study. Conclusions The feasibility and reliability of chewing function measurements in people with dementia should be investigated. Existing measurement procedures may need to be adapted or new assessments may need to be developed to be usable in people with dementia. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03775772.
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Li, Shun, Huijuan Li, Dihua Liu, Qin Xing, Xin Chen, Hongyun Zhang, Juan Wen, et al. "Identification of novel mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs) associated functional mutations and neurodevelopmental disorders." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, January 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcad005.
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Summery Background Mendelian disorders of the epigenetic machinery (MDEMs) are a newly identified group of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and multiple congenital anoMalies caused by mutations in genes encoding components of the epigenetic machinery. Many studies have shown that MDEM-associated mutations may disrupt the balance between chromatin states and trigger dysplasia. Aim To help eight Chinese families with neurodevelopmental disorders acquire a definitive diagnosis. Methods In this study, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to diagnose eight unrelated Chinese families with NDDs. We also verified the potential pathogenic variants by Sanger sequencing and analyzed the changes in gene expression along with histone methylation modifications. Results Eight variants of six epigenetic machinery genes were identified, six of which were novel. Six variants were pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP), while two novel missense variants (c.5113T>C in CHD1 and c.10444C>T in KMT2D) were classified to be variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Further functional studies verified that c.5113T>C in CHD1 results in decreased protein levels and increased chromatin modifications (H3K27me3). In addition, c.10444C>T in KMT2D led to a significant decrease in mRNA transcription and chromatin modifications (H3K4me1). Based on experimental evidence, these two VUS variants could be classified as LP. Conclusion This study provided a definitive diagnosis of eight families with NDDs and expanded the mutation spectrum of MDEMs, enriching the pathogenesis study of variants in epigenetic machinery genes.
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Hor, Jyh Yung, and Kazuo Fujihara. "Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide." Frontiers in Neurology 14 (September 15, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2023.1260358.
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Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with the presence of conformation-sensitive antibodies against MOG. The spectrum of MOGAD includes monophasic/relapsing optic neuritis, myelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) phenotype without aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies, acute/multiphasic demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM/MDEM)-like presentation, and brainstem and cerebral cortical encephalitis. There is no apparent female preponderance in MOGAD, and MOGAD can onset in all age groups (age at onset is approximately 30 years on average, and approximately 30% of cases are in the pediatric age group). While prevalence and incidence data have been available for AQP4+ NMOSD globally, such data are only beginning to accumulate for MOGAD. We reviewed the currently available data from population-based MOGAD studies conducted around the world: three studies in Europe, three in Asia, and one joint study in the Americas. The prevalence of MOGAD is approximately 1.3–2.5/100,000, and the annual incidence is approximately 3.4–4.8 per million. Among White people, the prevalence of MOGAD appears to be slightly higher than that of AQP4+ NMOSD. No obvious latitude gradient was observed in the Japanese nationwide survey. The data available so far showed no obvious racial preponderance or strong HLA associations in MOGAD. However, precedent infection was reported in approximately 20–40% of MOGAD cases, and this is worthy of further investigation. Co-existing autoimmune disorders are less common in MOGAD than in AQP4+ NMOSD, but NMDAR antibodies may occasionally be positive in patients with MOGAD. More population-based studies in different populations and regions are useful to further inform the epidemiology of this disease.
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Kalinousky, Allison J., Tyler Rapp, Hadia Hijazi, Jennifer Johnson, Hans Tomas Bjornsson, and Jacqueline R. Harris. "Neurobehavioral phenotype of Kabuki syndrome: Anxiety is a common feature." Frontiers in Genetics 13 (October 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.1007046.
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Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a Mendelian Disorder of the Epigenetic Machinery (MDEM) caused by loss of function variants in either of two genes involved in the regulation of histone methylation, KMT2D (34–76%) or KDM6A (9–13%). Previously, representative neurobehavioral deficits of KS were recapitulated in a mouse model, emphasizing the role of KMT2D in brain development, specifically in ongoing hippocampal neurogenesis in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Interestingly, anxiety, a phenotype that has a known association with decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, has been anecdotally reported in individuals with KS. In this study, anxiety and behavior were assessed in a cohort of 60 individuals with molecularly confirmed KS and 25 unaffected biological siblings, via questionnaires (SCARED/GAS-ID and CBCL/ABCL). Participant age ranged from 4 to 43 years old, with 88.3% of participants having a pathogenic variant in KMT2D, and the rest having variants in KDM6A. In addition, data was collected on adaptive function and positive affect/quality of life in participants with KS using appropriate online surveys including ABAS-III and PROMIS Positive Affect. Survey scores were compared within the KS participants across age groups and between KS participants and their unaffected siblings. We found that children with KS have significantly higher anxiety scores and total behavior problem scores than their unaffected siblings (p = 0.0225, p < 0.0001). Moreover, a large proportion of affected individuals (22.2% of children and 60.0% of adults) surpassed the established threshold for anxiety; this may even be an underestimate given many patients are already treated for anxiety. In this sample, anxiety levels did not correlate with level of cognitive or adaptive function in any KS participants, but negatively correlated with positive affect in children with KS (p = 0.0005). These findings indicate that anxiety is a common neurobehavioral feature of KS. Providers should therefore carefully screen individuals with KS for anxiety as well as other behavioral issues in order to allow for prompt intervention. Neurobehavioral anxiety measures may also prove to be important outcome measures for clinical trials in KS.